Rates of ecosystem processes such as decomposition are likely to change as a result of human impacts on the environment. In southern California, climate change and nitrogen (N) deposition in particular may alter biological communities and ecosystem processes. These drivers may affect decomposition directly, through changes in abiotic conditions, and indirectly through changes in plant and decomposer communities. To assess indirect effects on litter decomposition, we reciprocally transplanted microbial communities and plant litter among control and treatment plots (either drought or N addition) in a grassland ecosystem. We hypothesized that drought would reduce decomposition rates through moisture limitation of decomposers and reductions in plant litter quality before and during decomposition. In contrast, we predicted that N deposition would stimulate decomposition by relieving N limitation of decomposers and improving plant litter quality. We also hypothesized that adaptive mechanisms would allow microbes to decompose litter more effectively in their native plot and litter environments. Consistent with our first hypothesis, we found that drought treatment reduced litter mass loss from 20.9% to 15.3% after six months. There was a similar decline in mass loss of litter inoculated with microbes transplanted from the drought treatment, suggesting a legacy effect of drought driven by declines in microbial abundance and possible changes in microbial community composition. Bacterial cell densities were up to 86% lower in drought plots and at least 50% lower on litter derived from the drought treatment, whereas fungal hyphal lengths increased by 13\uffe2\uff80\uff9314% in the drought treatment. Nitrogen effects on decomposition rates and microbial abundances were weaker than drought effects, although N addition significantly altered initial plant litter chemistry and litter chemistry during decomposition. However, we did find support for microbial adaptation to N addition with N\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived microbes facilitating greater mass loss in N plots than in control plots. Our results show that environmental changes can affect rates of ecosystem processes directly through abiotic changes and indirectly through microbial abundances and communities. Therefore models of ecosystem response to global change may need to represent microbial biomass and community composition to make accurate predictions.
", "keywords": ["Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Precipitation", "Nitrogen fertilization", "Environmental Microbiology", "Community composition", "Animals", "Home field advantage", "Global change", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "Drought", "Bacteria", "Litter decomposition", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Reciprocal transplant", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Plant Leaves", "Microbes", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5bg595vm/qt5bg595vm.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1243.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/12-1243.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/12-1243.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/12-1243.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-10", "title": "Organic And Inorganic P Reserves In Rain-Fed And Irrigated Calcareous Soils Under Long-Term Organic And Conventional Agriculture", "description": "Abstract In low input farming systems the reserves of organic and inorganic P may be a significant source of P to crops. To clarify this we investigated organic and inorganic P reserves in an array of irrigated and rain-fed calcareous soils of grassy crops, with long term organic or conventional farming practices. Organic P (Po) reserves appeared to be more sensitive than inorganic P reserves to changes in soil fertilisation regime. Organic P reserves were sensitive to the quantity of P added, rather than to the quality of the input. In soils receiving manures, there was no correlation between organic P reserves and soil organic C and N or soil carbonate content. In contrast, inorganic P reserves in soils receiving manure were positively linked to soil total N and to organic C (in irrigated organic soils) and negatively to carbonate content. This suggests that the accumulation of inorganic P pools in calcareous soils receiving manure may be enhanced in soils with high organic matter content. As indicated by changes in the N/Po ratio, soil carbonates protected total organic P pools from mineralisation in soils receiving adequate amounts of P fertilisers. In contrast, in soils receiving low amounts of manures we observed low amounts of organic P even in soils with a high carbonate content. Therefore, in conditions of P starvation, organic P reserves protected by carbonates may be slowly mobilised. Despite this mobilisation, in soils receiving low amounts of P, no relationships were observed between labile Pi pools and organic P reserves. In contrast in soils in soils receiving sufficient amounts of P we observed a relationship between organic P reserves and labile Pi pools. In irrigated soils inorganic P reserves were positively correlated with labile P pools, even when fertilisation was moderately low. The application of manure to these latter soils favoured the links between organic P reserves and labile P forms.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.05.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.08.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-23", "title": "Soil Dynamics In Pinus Halepensis Reforestation: Effect Of Microenvironments And Previous Land Use", "description": "Abstract Reforestation with Pinus halepensis has been the most frequently used method for restoring supposedly degraded lands in Mediterranean semiarid areas, a key objective of which is to improve soil conditions to trigger succession. In this paper we study the effect of a 30\u00a0year-old reforestation on lands formerly dedicated to two different uses: shrubland and barley fields. The study area is located in SE Spain in a semiarid area with an annual rainfall of 298\u00a0mm. We hypothesize that the previous land use will influence present day soil characteristics. In addition, reforestations have led to the formation of microenvironments associated to: (i) tree development, which generates a radial gradient of influence; (ii) disturbance by mechanical works with resulting microenvironments such as escarpments, showing a worse initial state and, therefore, slower dynamics. Ten plots were set up on former shrubland and ten on a former barley field. Each plot represented a set of related microenvironments that followed a gradient of tree influence/mechanical disturbance. The microenvironments on former shrubland were: under escarpment (ES), plantation line adjacent to P. halepensis stem (PL), beneath P. halepensis crown (BC), the upper bank where part of the material of the terrace was dumped (UB) and original unaltered hillslope taken as pseudocontrol of the original soil (PC). In the former barley field, only PL, BC and PC microenvironments were present as no terracing was carried out. Pine growth created a strong gradient of litter input in the sequence PL\u00a0>\u00a0BC\u00a0>\u00a0PC which, however, had no significant effect on soil organic carbon (SOC) or other soil variables (except light changes in extractable K and pH). The incorporation of organic matter into the soil was probably delayed by the quality of recalcitrant pine litter and the unfavorable semiarid climate. In addition, disturbance created by reforestation works seems to have been buffered by redistribution of fine particles through short-range erosion and sedimentation. In the external part of the terrace, the values of SOC and extractable Na were higher, accompanied by increased electrical conductivity and decreased pH. The most striking differences found were related to former land use. SOC was three times higher in former shrubland than in former barley field. Likewise, available P was higher in the former barley field and extractable Na was higher in the former shrubland, both apparently related to the pre-reforestation state. The results indicate that soil dynamics thirty years after the reforestation has hardly erased the differences attributable to former land use. Soil dynamics induced by the input of organic matter from trees is slower that expected when the reforestation was planned. We conclude that any future application of reforestation should take into account the slow soil dynamics observed in this study in order to be more effective.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.08.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.08.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.08.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.08.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-01", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen As Affected By Vegetation Types In Northern Loess Plateau Of China", "description": "One of the most fragile areas in the China Loess Plateau, is the transitional belt that is subjected to wind and water erosion. The transitional belt accounts for about 30% of the Loess Plateau area. To reduce soil degradation in the Loess Plateau, the Chinese government initiated a state-funded vegetation restoration project in 1999. The effectiveness of this project on transitional belt soils is unknown. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of four dominant vegetation types on soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen (N) in a selected catchment within the transitional belt. Korshinsk Peashrub (KOP), purple alfalfa (ALF). and natural fallow (NAF) were selected as vegetation restoration types because they have been used widely to remedy soil degradation. The fourth vegetation type selected was millet (MIL) because it has been an important crop in the region. In 2004, four 61 x 5 m plots were established on 12 degrees slope land. The plots were parallel and separated by 80 cm. Based upon soil samples collected in August of 2007, there were large variations in the distributions and stocks of SOC and N across the four vegetation types. Compared with MIL, KOP significantly increased the concentration and stock of SOC and total nitrogen (TN) in 0-100 cm soil profiles, while ALF and NAF were not significantly different. The distributions of SOC and TIN concentrations and stocks of KOP, ALF and NAF were relatively uniform along a hillslope, while there was an increasing trend along the hillslope in MIL This result suggests that ALF and NAF would be beneficial in SOC and TN sequestration over a long-term because of their ability to reduce the loss of SOC and TN by soil erosion. We also found that both vegetation types and hillslope position had no significant effects on C:N ratio. Our Study demonstrated that improvements of SOC and TN stocks in the transitional belt could be made through well managed vegetation restoration measures. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiaorong Wei, Robert Horton, Xiaoli Fu, Mingan Shao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.11.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-19", "title": "Responses Of Soil Respiration To N Fertilization In A Loamy Soil Under Maize Cultivation", "description": "Abstract To understand the effects of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration in an intensively cultivated fluvo-aquic loamy soil, a field experiment was conducted in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, Henan province, China. The experiment consisted of five treatments: unplanted and N-unfertilized soil (CK0), unplanted soil treated with 150\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 (CKNL), maize ( Zea mays L.) planted and N-unfertilized soil (N0), and planted soils fertilized with 150\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 (NL) and 250\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 (NH). Soil CO 2 efflux during the maize growth season was significantly affected by soil temperature and also by soil moisture when the opposite effect of soil moisture below and above the optimum values was distinguished. There was a significant interdependence between soil temperature and soil moisture in the effect on soil CO 2 efflux in the presence of maize plants. A logarithm transformed regression equation including soil temperature ( T ) and soil moisture ( W ) was developed as y \u00a0=\u00a0 a \u00a0+\u00a0 bT log( W ). This equation accounted for 60\u201371% of the seasonal variation in soil CO 2 efflux, which better depicted soil CO 2 efflux than did a regression equation with soil temperature alone in the maize planted soils. Cumulative soil CO 2 emissions in the CK0 and CKNL treatments were estimated as 229\u00a0\u00b1\u00a012 and 245\u00a0\u00b1\u00a017\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 , respectively during the experimental period and the application of N fertilizer slightly increased soil basal respiration by 6.5% through enhancing microbial biomass. In contrast, cumulative seasonal soil CO 2 emissions were 7.4% lower in the NL (461\u00a0\u00b1\u00a033\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ) and NH (462\u00a0\u00b1\u00a013\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ) treatments than in the N0 treatment (498\u00a0\u00b1\u00a032\u00a0g C\u00a0m \u2212\u00a02 ), indicating that N fertilization marginally significantly depressed soil respiration ( p \u00a0=\u00a00.06). N application rates, however, did not exhibit any effects. Our results suggest that the effects of N fertilization on soil respiration mainly depended on the concentration of easily decomposed organic carbon in soil and N fertilization possibly reduced soil respiration in the planted soils when N released from the decomposition of native soil organic carbon roughly met the demand for maize growth.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil sciences not elsewhere classified", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-12", "title": "Assessments Of The Impacts Of Chinese Fir Plantation And Natural Regenerated Forest On Soil Organic Matter Quality At Longmen Mountain, Sichuan, China", "description": "Abstract Three soil labile organic carbon indicators, i.e., particulate organic carbon (POC) by size fractionation, light fraction organic carbon (LFOC) by density fractionation and permanganate-oxidizable carbon (MnoxC) oxidized by 333\u00a0mM KMnO 4 , were employed to identify the soil organic carbon (SOM) pools of a Chinese fir plantation (CF) and a regenerated forest (RF) that were converted originally from the natural evergreen broad-leaved forest (NF) 18\u00a0years ago after clear cutting on an upland yellow soil in Longmen mountain, southwest China. Bulk soil organic carbon and nitrogen concentration at the soil depth of 0\u201320\u00a0cm were significantly lower in CF and RF than in NF, while no significant C/N ratio change was found. Top soil MnoxC concentration of CF showed a significant increase while RF demonstrated a slight decline compared to NF, whereas, non-MnoxC of CF and RF both presented a significant decline compare to NF. A different indication between chemical oxidization and physical fractionation method was found. POC, particulate organic nitrogen (PON), mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) and mineral-associated organic nitrogen (MON) were significantly reduced in CF and RF compared to NF. CF, POC and PON showed significant reductions than that in RF. The losses of TOC and N in the particulate separates were more than that in the mineral-associated separates for both CF and RF. A significant decline of LFOC at 0\u201310\u00a0cm, 10\u201320\u00a0cm and 20\u201330\u00a0cm soil depths were found in CF and RF compared to NF, and a significant larger loss of LFOC in CF than in RF was also found. The heavy fraction organic carbon (HFOC) at the 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil depth was also significantly reduced in CF and RF, while there was no significant difference between CF and RF. The absence of vegetation cover in CF and RF, especially at the early stage of restoration, was contributed to the reductions in both labile and non-labile carbon. Timely thinning after canopy closure or establishing CF mixing with native broad-leaved species should be encouraged to mitigate the labile carbon loss.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-21", "title": "Porosity Characterization Of Argiudolls Under Different Management Systems In The Argentine Flat Pampa", "description": "Abstract Soil pore network characteristics are influenced by management and tillage practices. The objective of this work was to verify if the simultaneous use of the information obtained from tension infiltrometers and water release curves contribute to a better understanding of the impacts of different long-term management systems on the pore space of agricultural soils. The study was carried out on the Flat Pampa in Santa Fe, Argentina, in two types of typical Argiudolls with a silty-loam surface soil texture. The following treatments were evaluated: a) no-till with corn\u2013wheat/soybean rotation (NT-R), and b) conventional tillage with wheat/soybean sequence (CT-S) at Galvez; and a) no-till with corn\u2013soybean\u2013wheat/soybean rotation (NT-R), and b) no-till with wheat/soybean sequence (NT-S) at Videla. Tension values of 0, 1.5 and 3\u00a0cm were applied using tension infiltrometers with the aim of obtaining soil hydraulic conductivity measurements ( K 0 , K 1.5 , and K 3 ), and several hydraulic parameters (pore size, pore number, effective macroporosity, conducting macroporosity ( e ( a , b ) ), water flow and water flow decrease). Undisturbed soil cores were collected to determine water release curves (WRC) and soil bulk density (Db). The total macroporosity (Ma) and pore size frequency curve were determined from the fitted model of the WRC. Macropore connectivity was calculated using e ( a , b ) and Ma. In Galvez, the Db values, K at all tensions, the number of effective pores, the mean pore radius and the effective macroporosity were significantly higher for NT-R. The conducting and total macroporosity values were similar in NT-R and CT-S, but the pores had better continuity in NT-R. In Videla, only K 0 and K 1.5 showed statistical differences in favor of NT-R. This treatment also had a greater number of effective pores, and higher effective, conducting and total macroporosity values, apart from the overall better pore connectivity. There were no significant differences between the NT-R and CT-S for Db and K 3 . The evaluated indicators determined that the pore network characteristics are affected not only by tillage system, but also by the crops chosen for the rotation. When used jointly, tension infiltrometers and water release curves can be very useful tools for monitoring the evolution of the soils physical conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "SILTY-LOAM SOILS", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "WATER RELEASE CURVE", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "TENSION INFILTROMETER", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "PORE SYSTEM", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Imhoff, Silvia del Carmen, Ghiberto, Pablo Javier, Grioni, Agustin, Gaydou, Juan Pablo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-11-28", "title": "Short-Term Co2 Mineralization After Additions Of Biochar And Switchgrass To A Typic Kandiudult", "description": "Abstract Biochar additions to soil can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations; however, minimal information is available on relationships with soil nitrogen (N) cycle. We hypothesized that biochar additions to sandy soils should be resistant to microbial mineralization in short-term studies but may prime organic carbon (OC) mineralization of fresh residue that promotes N immobilization. A laboratory pot incubation study was conducted with a Norfolk loamy sand (Fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic, Typic Kandiudult) mixed with pecan-shell biochar at rates of 0, 5, 10 and 20\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u2212\u00a01 and with 0 and 10\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u2212\u00a01 dried, ground switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L. ) . On days 25 and 67 of the incubation, all pots were leached with 1.2 to 1.3 pore volumes of deionized H 2 O and the leachate NO 3 \u2013N, NH 4 \u2013N, and dissolved organic (DOC) concentrations were measured. Also cumulative soil CO 2 fluxes after days 25 and 67 were determined. Biochar alone and mixed with soil and switchgrass after 67\u00a0days of incubation were characterized using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Mixing biochar with switchgrass after 67\u00a0days caused a significant increase in SOC content while soil total nitrogen (TN) and leachate DOC concentrations showed mixed results. Biochar mineralization by itself was found to be minimal, but by days 25 and 67, soil with biochar and switchgrass exhibited higher cumulative CO 2 fluxes implying stimulation of switchgrass mineralization. Significant NO 3 \u2013N immobilization occurred after 25\u00a0days in treatments with biochar + switchgrass; however, by day 67 the NO 3 \u2013N concentrations rebounded slightly. The FT-IR analysis revealed that switchgrass in the presence of biochar underwent some structural modifications. Biochar applications in the short-term can cause N immobilization resulting in temporary plant available NO 3 \u2013N concentration reductions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.10.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-15", "title": "Earthworms, Soil Fertility And Aggregate-Associated Soil Organic Matter Dynamics In The Quesungual Agroforestry System", "description": "Abstract Issues of food security, environmental degradation and global climate change underscore the need for the improved understanding of sustainable agricultural systems around the globe. The Quesungual slash-and-mulch agroforestry system (QSMAS) of western Honduras offers a promising alternative to traditional slash-and-burn (SB) agriculture for the mountainous tropical dry forest zones of Central America, but the overall influence of this system on soils is not fully understood. We examined earthworm populations, soil fertility and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics under QSMAS and SB agriculture, with secondary forest (SF) as a reference. Both QSMAS and SB consisted of treatments with and without inorganic fertilizer (N\u2013P\u2013K) additions, resulting in five management treatments, each present on three replicate farms. Baseline soil samples (0\u201315\u00a0cm) were collected prior to forest clearing and establishment of QSMAS plots in 2003 and in SB and SF plots in 2005 to determine initial soil concentrations of C and N. Soils were sampled in 2006 and 2007 for bulk soil C and N and P availability, as well as for aggregate fractionation and determination of C and N within the different aggregate size fractions. Earthworm populations were assessed in July 2007. Earthworm numbers and biomass were higher under QSMAS than under SB (13.4 vs. 0.8\u00a0g fresh biomass m \u2212\u00a02 ; respectively). Significant interactions between cropping system and fertilization suggest that QSMAS increased the availability of added inorganic P, 3 times more under QSMAS than for SB. Comparisons with SF, indicated that both cropping systems resulted in a dramatic loss of C (average 5\u00a0g\u00a0C\u00a0kg \u2212\u00a01 soil) since treatment implementation, and that this loss was mainly associated with the disruption of C rich large macroaggregates (>\u00a02000\u00a0\u00b5m). After taking into account baseline soil C differences between plots, no major differences in total SOM losses were found between QSMAS and SB management. However, earlier establishment of QSMAS plots suggests that the overall rate of C loss since treatment establishment was lower for QSMAS than for SB. Results from this study suggest that the Quesungual agroforestry system offers great potential to improve soil fertility and biological health in the region relative to traditional slash-and-burn agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "shifting cultivation", "cultivo migratorio", "6. Clean water", "agroforestry", "unidades estructurales de suelos", "oligochaeta", "13. Climate action", "manejo del suelo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phosphorus", "fosforo", "soil management", "agroforesteria", "soil structural units"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2009.12.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-12", "title": "A Critical Review Of The Conventional Soc To Som Conversion Factor", "description": "Use of a single factor for converting soil organic carbon to soil organic matter is challenged. The basis for this challenge arises from four sources: the original papers published in the nineteenth century, empirical studies published throughout the twentieth century, theoretical considerations of organic matter composition, and a consideration of what led to the popularity and general acceptance of the conventional factor. The conventional factor of 1.724, based on the assumption that soil organic matter contains 58% carbon, applies only to some soils or only to particular components of soil organic matter. Studies published since the end of the nineteenth century have consistently shown that the factor of 1.724 is too low for most soils. In a review of previously published data, the median value for the conversion factor was found to be 1.9 from empirical studies and 2 from more theoretical considerations. A factor of 2, based on the assumption that organic matter is 50% carbon, would in almost all cases be more accurate than the conventional factor of 1.724. A consideration of the possible variation in organic matter composition predicts a range of factor values between 1.4 and 2.5, a range that is narrower than empirical results at least in part because of the interaction between the methods used to estimate organic matter and soil composition. Convenience, authority, and tradition rather than strength of evidence are in large part responsible for the widespread acceptance of the conventional factor.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Douglas W. Pribyl", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.02.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-04", "title": "Long-Term Effect Of Chemical Fertilizer, Straw, And Manure On Soil Chemical And Biological Properties In Northwest China", "description": "Abstract A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of long-term (30-year) fertilizer and organic manure treatments on grain yield, soil chemical properties and some microbiological properties of arable soils in Pingliang, Gansu, China. Six treatments were chosen for this work: unfertilized control (CK), nitrogen fertilizer annually (N), nitrogen and phosphorus (P) fertilizers annually (NP), straw plus N added annually and P fertilizer added every second year (NP\u00a0+\u00a0S), farmyard manure added annually (FYM), and farmyard manure plus N and P fertilizers added annually (NP\u00a0+\u00a0FYM). Mean winter wheat yields for the 20\u00a0years ranged from 1.60\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 for the CK treatment to 4.62\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 for the NP+FYM treatment. Maize yields for the 8\u00a0years averaged 3.40 and 7.66\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u2212\u00a01 in the same treatments. The results showed that there was no interaction between farmyard manure and NP fertilizers. Compared with the CK treatment, the average soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content were 2.0 and 3.1%, 1.9 and 13.3%, 32.7 and 24.5%, 23.0 and 19.4%, and 39.9 and 27.6% larger, respectively, for N, NP, FYM, NP\u00a0+\u00a0S and NP\u00a0+\u00a0FYM. The N only resulted in not only lowering of pH but also deficient of both P and K in the soil. Soil available K declined rapidly without straw or manure additions. The microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) contents increased with the application of nitrogen and phosphorus inorganic fertilizers. However, there was greater increase of these parameters when organic manure was applied along with inorganic fertilizers. Organic manure application also increased soil dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatases, \u03b2-glucosidasen and urease activity significantly. The results indicated that long-term additions of organic manure have the most beneficial effects on grain yield and soil quality among the investigated types of fertilization.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Biological sciences", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Other environmental sciences not elsewhere classified", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liu, Enke, Yan, Changrong, Mei, Xurong, He, Wenqing, Bing, So Hwat, Ding, Linping, Liu, Qin, Liu, Shuang, Fan, Tinglu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.04.029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-01", "title": "Biochar Impact On Nutrient Leaching From A Midwestern Agricultural Soil", "description": "Abstract Application of biochar to highly weathered tropical soils has been shown to enhance soil quality and decrease leaching of nutrients. Little, however, is known about the effects of biochar applications on temperate region soils. Our objective was to quantify the impact of biochar on leaching of plant nutrients following application of swine manure to a typical Midwestern agricultural soil. Repacked soil columns containing 0, 5, 10, and 20\u00a0g-biochar kg \u2212\u00a01 -soil, with and without 5\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u2212\u00a01 of dried swine manure were leached weekly for 45\u00a0weeks. Measurements showed a significant decrease in the total amount of N, P, Mg, and Si that leached from the manure-amended columns as biochar rates increased, even though the biochar itself added substantial amounts of these nutrients to the columns. Among columns receiving manure, the 20\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u2212\u00a01 biochar treatments reduced total N and total dissolved P leaching by 11% and 69%, respectively. By-pass flow, indicated by spikes in nutrient leaching, occurred during the first leaching event after manure application for 3 of 6 columns receiving manure with no biochar, but was not observed for any of the biochar amended columns. These laboratory results indicate that addition of biochar to a typical Midwestern agricultural soil substantially reduced nutrient leaching, and suggest that soil\u2013biochar additions could be an effective management option for reducing nutrient leaching in production agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil Science", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "black carbon", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Geochemistry", "manure", "nutrient leaching", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "charcoal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Laird, David, Flemming, Pierce, Wang, Baiqun, Karlen, Douglas, Horton, Robert,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tpaa058", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:19:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-24", "title": "Timeline of autumn phenology in temperate deciduous trees", "description": "AbstractCessation of xylem formation or wood growth (CWG) and onset of foliar senescence (OFS) are key autumn phenological events in temperate deciduous trees. Their timing is fundamental for the development and survival of trees, ecosystem nutrient cycling and the seasonal exchange of matter and energy between the biosphere and atmosphere, and affects the impact and feedback of forests to global change. A large-scale experimental effort and improved observational methods have allowed us to compare the timing of CWG and OFS for different deciduous tree species in Western Europe, particularly in silver birch, a pioneer species, and European beech, a late-succession species, at stands of different latitudes, of different levels of site fertility, for 2 years with contrasting meteorological and drought conditions, i.e., the low moderately dry 2017 and the extremely dry 2018. Specifically, we tested whether foliar senescence started before, after or concurrently with CWG. Onset of foliar senescence and CWG occurred generally between late September and early November, with larger differences across species and sites for OFS. Foliar senescence started concurrently with CWG in most cases, except for the drier 2018 and, for beech, at the coldest site, where OFS occurred significantly later than CWG. The behavior of beech in Spain, the southern edge of its European distribution, was unclear, with no CWG, but very low wood growth at the time of OFS. Our study suggests that OFS is generally triggered by the same drivers of CWG or when wood growth decreases in late summer, indicating an overarching mechanism of sink limitation as a possible regulator of the timing of foliar senescence.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "listna senescenca", "nastajanje lesa", "cambium", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/630*18:630*8", "autumn phenology", " xylem formation", " foliar senescence", " cambium", " chlorophyll", " radial growth", " wood", " decidiuous trees", " common aspen", " common beech", " pedunculate oak", " silver birch", "01 natural sciences", "jesenska fenologija", " nastajanje lesa", " listna senescenca", " kambij", " klorofil", " debelinska rast", " les", " listavci", " trepetlika", " navadna bukev", " dob", " navadna breza", "trepetlika", "Trees", "navadna bukev", "klorofil", "les", "chlorophyll", "pedunculate oak", "Biology", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/630*1", "Ecosystem", "xylem formation", "kambij", "silver birch", "Temperature", "sink limitation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "dob", "navadna breza", "15. Life on land", "debelinska rast", "common beech", "listavci", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Europe", "Plant Leaves", "radial growth", "jesenska fenologija", "common aspen", "Spain", "13. Climate action", "foliar senescence", "wood growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "autumn phenology", "decidiuous trees", "wood"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpaa058"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tpaa058", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tpaa058", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tpaa058"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-01", "title": "Impact Of Biochar Amendments On The Quality Of A Typical Midwestern Agricultural Soil", "description": "Abstract Biochar, a co-product of thermochemical conversion of lignocellulosic materials into advanced biofuels, may be used as a soil amendment to enhance the sustainability of biomass harvesting. We investigated the impact of biochar amendments (0, 5, 10, and 20\u00a0g-biochar\u00a0kg\u2212\u00a01 soil) on the quality of a Clarion soil (Mesic Typic Hapludolls), collected (0\u201315\u00a0cm) in Boone County, Iowa. Repacked soil columns were incubated for 500\u00a0days at 25\u00a0\u00b0C and 80% relative humidity. On week 12, 5\u00a0g of dried and ground swine manure was incorporated into the upper 3\u00a0cm of soil for half of the columns. Once each week, all columns were leached with 200\u00a0mL of 0.001\u00a0M CaCl2. Soil bulk density increased with time for all columns and was significantly lower for biochar amended soils relative to the un-amended soils. The biochar amended soils retained more water at gravity drained equilibrium (up to 15%), had greater water retention at \u2212\u00a01 and \u22125\u00a0bars soil water matric potential, (13 and 10% greater, respectively), larger specific surface areas (up to 18%), higher cation exchange capacities (up to 20%), and pH values (up to 1 pH unit) relative to the un-amended controls. No effect of biochar on saturated hydraulic conductivity was detected. The biochar amendments significantly increased total N (up to 7%), organic C (up to 69%), and Mehlich III extractable P, K, Mg and Ca but had no effect on Mehlich III extractable S, Cu, and Zn. The results indicate that biochar amendments have the potential to substantially improve the quality and fertility status of Midwestern agricultural soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil Science", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil quality", "630", "333", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Black carbon", "Geochemistry", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Laird, David, Fleming, Pierce, Davis, Dedrick, Horton, Robert, Karlen, Douglas, Wang, Baiqun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.05.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.09.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-21", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term Organic And Mineral Fertilizers On Bulk Density And Penetration Resistance In Semi-Arid Mediterranean Soil Conditions", "description": "article i nfo Soil aggregation is of great importance in agriculture due to its positive effect on soil physical properties, plant growth and the environment. A long-term (1996-2008) field experiment was performed to investigate the role of mycorrhizal inoculation and organic fertilizers on some of soil properties of Mediterranean soils (Typic Xerofluvent, Menzilat clay-loam soil). We applied a rotation with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) as a second crop during the periods of 1996 and 2008. The study consisted of five experimental treatments; control, mineral fertilizer (300-60-150 kg N-P- Kh a \u22121 ), manure at 25 t ha \u22121 , compost at 25 t ha \u22121 and mycorrhiza-inoculated compost at 10 t ha \u22121 with three replicates. The highest organic matter content both at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm soil depths were obtained with manure application, whereas mineral fertilizer application had no effect on organic matter accumulation. Manure, compost and mycorrhizal inoculation+compost application had 69%, 32% and 24% higher organic matter contents at 0- 30 cm depth as compared to the control application. Organic applications had varying and important effects on aggregation indexes of soils. The greatest mean weight diameters (MWD) at 15-30 cm depth were obtained with manure, mycorrhiza-inoculated compost and compost applications, respectively. The decline in organic matter content of soils in control plots lead disintegration of aggregates demonstrated on significantly lower MWD values. The compost application resulted in occurring the lowest bulk densities at 0-15 and 15- 30 cm soil depths, whereas the highest bulk density values were obtained with mineral fertilizer application. Measurements obtained in 2008 indicated that manure and compost applications did not cause any further increase in MWD at manure and compost receiving plots indicated reaching a steady state. However, compost with mycorrhizae application continued to significant increase (Pb0.05) in MWD values of soils. Organic applications significantly lowered the soil bulk density and penetration resistance. The lowest penetration resistance (PR) at 0-50 cm soil depth was obtained with mycorrhizal inoculated compost, and the highest PR was with control and mineral fertilizer applications. The results clearly revealed that mycorrhiza application along with organic fertilizers resulted in decreased bulk density and penetration resistance associated with an increase in organic matter and greater aggregate stability, indicated an improvement in soil structure.", "keywords": ["Manure", "2. Zero hunger", "Penetration resistance", "Mineral fertilization", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Compost", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Bulk density"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.09.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.09.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.09.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.09.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-01", "title": "Organic Matter Stabilization In Soil Aggregates: Understanding The Biogeochemical Mechanisms That Determine The Fate Of Carbon Inputs In Soils", "description": "Abstract We studied the biochemical and biophysical processes of carbon sequestration in an intensive agroforestry system on two soils (Feralsol \u2013 Luero; Arenosol \u2013 Teso) in W. Kenya to elucidate the mechanisms associated with long-term carbon storage. Specifically, we looked at a top-down model (macro-aggregates form around organic matter particles and micro-aggregates form within the macro-aggregates) and a bottom-up model (micro-aggregates form independently and are incorporated into macro-aggregates) of soil aggregate formation. Soil samples were collected from experiments on improved tree fallows using different species and two tillage treatments; water-stable aggregates were extracted and sorted into three size classes: macro-aggregates (>\u00a0212\u00a0\u03bcm), meso-aggregates (53\u2013212\u00a0\u03bcm) and micro-aggregates (20\u201353\u00a0\u03bcm). Organic matter characterization of each fraction was based on 13C isotope abundance, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and the abundance of polysaccharides. Improved fallows increased soil C by 0.28 and 0.26\u00a0kg m\u00ad2 in the top 20\u00a0cm of the soil profile in Luero and Teso, respectively. Tillage altered the distribution of aggregates among size classes. Changes in the \u03b413C signature in each fraction indicated that more of the new carbon was found in the macro-aggregates (35\u201370%) and meso-aggregates (18\u201349%) in Luero and less (9\u201317%) was found in the micro-aggregates. In Teso, about 40\u201380% of the new aggregate C was found in the meso-aggregates, 14\u201345% was found in the micro-aggregates and only 4\u201326% was found in the macro-aggregates. The meso-aggregates and macro-aggregates to a lesser extent, in both sites, were enriched in carboxylic-C and aromatic-C, indicating the importance of OM decomposition and plant-derived C in the stabilization of larger aggregates, supporting the top-down model of aggregate formation. Microbially derived polysaccharides play a leading role in the formation of stable micro-aggregates and carboxylic-C promotes stabilization through surface occlusion. This bottom-up process is essential to promote long-term carbon sequestration in soils. Additionally, the micro-aggregates at both sites were enriched in polysaccharides and had elevated ratios of galactose + mannose:arabinose + xylose than the other aggregate fractions, indicating the importance of microbial processes in the formation of stable micro-aggregates and supporting the bottom-up model.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Aggregates", "fallow", "C-13", "carbon", "Carbohydrates", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "540", "630", "6. Clean water", "soil", "Improved", "FTIR", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.12.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-20", "title": "The Effects Of N And P Additions On Microbial N Transformations And Biomass On Saline-Alkaline Grassland Of Loess Plateau Of Northern China", "description": "AbstractMicrobial nutrient transformation plays an important role in regulating nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Soil N and P contents also control microbial nutrient transformations. However, there is still dispute on how N and P additions affect microbial activity and N transformations. A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of N and P on microbial N transformations and biomass in saline-alkaline grassland in Loess Plateau of northern China during growing season in 2009. N was added at a rate of 10gNm\u22122 y\u22121 in the form of NH4NO3. P was added at a rate of 5g P m\u22122 y\u22121 in the form of P2O5\u2212. We measured the in situ net ammonification rate (Ramm), and nitrification rate (Rnit) once a month from May to October; we also measured potential soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN), and potential microbial respiration (MR) once a month in laboratory.ResultsDuring the whole growing seasons, P addition significantly stimulated soil inorganic N pool, soil extractable C, soil extractable N pool, Rmin, and the metabolic quotient (qCO2) from the estimates of microbial respiration and microbial biomass carbon, and there was no effect on peak aboveground biomass, MBC, MBN and MR during the whole growing seasons in 2009. N addition significantly increased peak aboveground biomass, inorganic N pool, Rmin, MBN, MR, and qCO2, decreased soil extractable C and the ratio of MBC/MBN, and there was no effect on soil extractable N and MBC during the growing season in 2009. P addition increased the soil net N mineralization rate and N addition not only increased the soil net N mineralization rate but also increased microbial biomass N. We observed that P induced a decreased soil inorganic N pool, but N addition directly increased soil inorganic N pool, how to balance the quantity of N and P additions in agriculture system is an important technique in agriculture harvest in the future in Loess Plateau of Northern China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "4. Education", "Microbial biomass", "N mineralization", "Soil Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Microbial respiration", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Saline\u2013alkaline soil", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhu Feng, Dong Kuanhu, Zhao Xiang, Wang Changhui,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.08.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-18", "title": "Effects Of Afforestation And Deforestation On Boreal Soil Carbon Stocks\u2014Comparison Of Measured C Stocks With Yasso07 Model Results", "description": "Abstract Land use changes like afforestation and deforestation are known to affect stocks of carbon in soils. We measured changes in soil carbon stocks in afforested and deforested sites. Repeated measurements were made at six sites which had been afforested with three different tree species 17\u201318\u00a0years before this sampling. The deforestation sites consisted of six field soils that were taken to cultivation 1\u2013200\u00a0years before the sampling and adjacent forest sites representing the same soil types as the fields. The performance of the Yasso07 model in predicting the soil carbon stock changes in afforestation and deforestation was evaluated by simulating the changes in the carbon stocks and comparing the measured and simulated results for these sites. The mean observed 20-year carbon stock change after the land use change was \u2212\u00a09% in the afforested sites and \u2212\u00a019% in the deforested sites. The decrease in the mean carbon stock after afforestation was most pronounced during the first 9\u201310\u00a0years and was probably due to low rates of litter production in the early growth phase of the forests. The stock change in deforestation was lowest in fields with grasses as the main crop and highest in cereal monoculture. The simulation results were well in accordance with the measured carbon stocks on most sites.", "keywords": ["330", "hiilivarasto", "hiilitase", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Modelling", "maank\u00e4yt\u00f6n muutos", "pellonraivaus", "afforestation", "Land use", "deforestation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon stock", "mallinnus", "metsitys", "soil analysis", "mets\u00e4maa", "pellonmetsitys"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.05.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-06", "title": "Fire Severity Effects On Ash Chemical Composition And Water-Extractable Elements", "description": "Abstract The effects of fire in the landscape are commonly assessed through the evaluation of ash properties. Among other properties, colour is one of the methods more frequently used. However, little is known about the effect of fire severity on ash chemical and extractable elements. Ash is an important source of nutrients in terms of landscape recovery after fire. In this study we analysed the effects of fire severity (estimated using ash colour) on ash chemical properties, CaCO3, pH, Total Carbon (TC), Total Nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio and some ash water-extractable elements, such as Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Total Phosphorous (TP), Total Sulphur (TS) and Silica (Si) collected in Portugal (N\u00a0=\u00a0102) after three wildfires that occurred in the same ecosystem, composed mainly of maritime pine, Pinus pinaster, and cork oak, Quercus suber. The results showed significant statistical differences among ash colour at a p", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.02.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.06.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-03", "title": "Storage Of Organic Carbon And Black Carbon In Density Fractions Of Calcareous Soils Under Different Land Uses", "description": "Abstract The association between soil particles and their spatial arrangement plays a key role in soil organic matter (OM) dynamics. Density fractionation combined with ultrasonic dispersion enables separation and study of soil OM fractions, considered on the basis of the mechanisms of physical protection: non-physically protected OM (FF), OM occluded into aggregates (OF), and OM stabilized in organo-mineral complexes (DF). In the present study, whole soils and density fractions of calcareous soils under three different management systems \u2014 native Quercus ilex forest, a Pinus halepensis plantation and cropped land \u2014 were analyzed for organic C (OC), total N, and Black carbon (BC) content. Black carbon is often considered as a very recalcitrant pool in the soil. However, as well as BC content of soils has seldom been quantified, long-term studies on BC stability are scarce and conclusions about BC stability are not widespread. About 67% of the total C in the topsoil was lost as a result of converting the natural Q. ilex forest to cropped land, 100\u00a0years ago. After crop abandon, the stock of OC in the topsoil greatly increased upon reforestation of the studied plot with P. halepensis. An average recovery of 71% of the previously lost OC had been recovered, after 40\u00a0years of pine plantation. The changes in OC stocks affected mainly the free fraction (FF). Black carbon represented between 1.2 and 2.3% of the TOC of soil with the highest concentrations in OF. The maintenance of BC proportion through land uses suggests an equilibrium between inputs and outputs, and leads to the suspicion that BC could be less stable and less resistant to biodegradation than is often taken for granted.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.06.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.06.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.06.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.06.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:17:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-09", "title": "The Effects Of Plantation Development On Biological Soil Crust And Topsoil Properties In A Desert In Northern China", "description": "Abstract Afforestation was one of most successful measures to rehabilitate desertified lands and to improve regional eco-environments in the Horqin Sand Land. A field experiment was conducted during 2005 and 2006 in the Horqin Sand Land to investigate the effects of Populus simonii plantation growth on soil crust formation and topsoil properties. The results showed that plantation establishment promoted the development of biological soil crust and improved properties of topsoil 0\u20135\u00a0cm under the crust in sand dunes. As the plantation aged, soil crust developed gradually from a physical crust, to a lichen crust and then to a moss crust and crust coverage, thickness, hardness, very fine sand content, clay, silt, organic carbon and nutrients increased significantly. Clay, silt, organic carbon and nutrients in topsoil 0\u20132.5\u00a0cm and 2.5\u20135.0\u00a0cm under the soil crust increased with plantation age and crust development, but the magnitude of changes decreased with increasing soil depth. Changes in soil physical and chemical properties in the crust had a significant positive correlation with plantation age, and changes in physical and chemical properties in the 0\u20135.0\u00a0cm layer of topsoil had a significant positive correlation with soil crust development and plantation age. Soil crust development and changes in topsoil properties under the soil crust can be attributed primarily to the reestablishment of vegetation and the duration that the vegetation is in place.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yirui Guo, Halin Zhao, Rui-Lian Zhou, Sam Drake,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2010.10.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Life&offset=3600&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Life&offset=3600&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Life&offset=3550", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Life&offset=3650", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 13009, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T09:07:49.794582Z"}