Little is known about how basic soil properties respond to contrasting grazing intensities in the Karoo biome, South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate impacts of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (>75 years) grazing at 1.18 heads ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (heavy; CGH), 0.78 heads ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (light; CGL), and exclosure on selected soil properties. Soil samples were collected to a depth of 60 cm from the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental site of Grootfontein Agricultural Development Institute, Eastern Cape. The samples were analyzed for C, N, bulk density and infiltration rate, among others.
RESULTSGenerally, heavy and light grazing reduced soil N storage by 27.5% and 22.6%, respectively, compared with the exclosure. Animal exclusion improved water infiltration rate and C stocks significantly (P < 0.05), which was 0.128, 0.097, and 0.093 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for exclosure, CGL and CGH, respectively. Soil penetration resistance was higher for grazing treatments in the top 3\uffe2\uff80\uff937 cm soil layer but for exclosure at the top 1 cm soil surface.
CONCLUSIONAlthough livestock exclusion has the potential to improve C sequestration, a sufficient resting period for 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 years followed by three consecutive grazing years at light stocking rate would be ideal for sustainable livestock production in this arid region of South Africa. \uffc2\uffa9 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["570", "Livestock", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "continuous grazing", "01 natural sciences", "630", "nitrogen", "Soil", "South Africa", "arid lands", "Animals", "exclosure", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "carbon", "Feeding Behavior", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "soil properties", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7302"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.7302", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.7302", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.7302"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/2016WR020175", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-11", "title": "The future of evapotranspiration: Global requirements for ecosystem functioning, carbon and climate feedbacks, agricultural management, and water resources", "description": "AbstractThe fate of the terrestrial biosphere is highly uncertain given recent and projected changes in climate. This is especially acute for impacts associated with changes in drought frequency and intensity on the distribution and timing of water availability. The development of effective adaptation strategies for these emerging threats to food and water security are compromised by limitations in our understanding of how natural and managed ecosystems are responding to changing hydrological and climatological regimes. This information gap is exacerbated by insufficient monitoring capabilities from local to global scales. Here, we describe how evapotranspiration (ET) represents the key variable in linking ecosystem functioning, carbon and climate feedbacks, agricultural management, and water resources, and highlight both the outstanding science and applications questions and the actions, especially from a space\uffe2\uff80\uff90based perspective, necessary to advance them.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "ecosystem", "biosphere", "changement climatique", "550", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "satellite", "evapotranspiration", "drought", "disponibilit\u00e9 en eau", "15. Life on land", "global", "water resources", "\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "13. Climate action", "Earth Sciences", "climate", "global change", "agriculture", "s\u00e9cheresse", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016WR020175"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR020175"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Resources%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2016WR020175", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2016WR020175", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2016WR020175"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-011-0054-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-06", "title": "High Retention Of N P Nutrients, Soil Organic Carbon, And Fine Particles By Cover Crops Under Tropical Climate", "description": "Soil and water conservation is a major challenge for the development of sustainable agriculture. Leaching and runoff of soil nutrients and fine particles negatively impact soil fertility, soil quality, and contribute to surface water eutrophication and sediment accumulation. Such issues are especially critical in a tropical or subtropical region, such as in south Florida with high rainfall and shallow aquifer. So far, little is known about soil particle and nutrient retention by cover cropping under contrasting rainfall intensity. Here, a pot experiment was conducted with four cover crops and two simulated rainfall rates, a low rate of 5.8\u00a0mm\u00a0day\u22121 and a high rate of 11.6\u00a0mm\u00a0day\u22121, to study the transport of N, P, and fine soil particles down the soil profile. The cover crops were sunn hemp, velvetbean, cowpea, and sorghum sudangrass in contrast to weedy fallow as a control. Results show that under low rainfall rate, total N in leachates of 0.5\u20131.9\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 for cover crops was much lower than 10.2\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 for fallow. Under high rainfall rate, total N in leachates ranged from 3.4 to 16.1\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 for cover crops and 8.8\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 for fallow. Cover cropping with sunn hemp was the most effective at retaining soil nutrients because of its large plant biomass production. Indeed sunn hemp biomass accumulated 376 and 247\u00a0kg\u00a0N ha\u22121 and 27 and 22\u00a0kg\u00a0P\u2009ha\u22121 under high and low rainfall rates. We also found that soil organic carbon associated with fine soil particles in the root zone under sunn hemp and sorghum sudangrass was 5\u20137% greater than soil organic carbon in fallow. This study demonstrates that growing sunn hemp and sorghum sudangrass cover crops can conserve soil fine particles and nutrients against leaching and reduce adverse impacts on surface water.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0054-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-011-0054-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-011-0054-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-011-0054-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-18", "title": "Legumes For Mitigation Of Climate Change And The Provision Of Feedstock For Biofuels And Biorefineries. A Review", "description": "Humans are currently confronted by many global challenges. These include achieving food security for a rapidly expanding population, lowering the risk of climate change by reducing the net release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere due to human activity, and meeting the increasing demand for energy in the face of dwindling reserves of fossil energy and uncertainties about future reliability of supply. Legumes deliver several important services to societies. They provide important sources of oil, fiber, and protein-rich food and feed while supplying nitrogen (N) to agro-ecosystems via their unique ability to fix atmospheric N2 in symbiosis with the soil bacteria rhizobia, increasing soil carbon content, and stimulating the productivity of the crops that follow. However, the role of legumes has rarely been considered in the context of their potential to contribute to the mitigation of climate change by reducing fossil fuel use or by providing feedstock for the emerging biobased economies where fossil sources of energy and industrial raw materials are replaced in part by sustainable and renewable biomass resources. The aim of this review was to collate the current knowledge regarding the capacity of legumes to (1) lower the emissions of the key greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) compared to N-fertilized systems, (2) reduce the fossil energy used in the production of food and forage, (3) contribute to the sequestration of carbon (C) in soils, and (4) provide a viable source of biomass for the generation of biofuels and other materials in future biorefinery concepts. We estimated that globally between 350 and 500\u00a0Tg\u00a0CO2 could be emitted as a result of the 33 to 46\u00a0Tg\u00a0N that is biologically fixed by agricultural legumes each year. This compares to around 300\u00a0Tg\u00a0CO2 released annually from the manufacture of 100\u00a0Tg fertilizer N. The main difference is that the CO2 respired from the nodulated roots of N2-fixing legumes originated from photosynthesis and will not represent a net contribution to atmospheric concentrations of CO2, whereas the CO2 generated during the synthesis of N fertilizer was derived from fossil fuels. Experimental measures of total N2O fluxes from legumes and N-fertilized systems were found to vary enormously (0.03\u20137.09 and 0.09\u201318.16\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively). This reflected the data being collated from a diverse range of studies using different rates of N inputs, as well as the large number of climatic, soil, and management variables known to influence denitrification and the portion of the total N lost as N2O. Averages across 71 site-years of data, soils under legumes emitted a total of 1.29\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121 during a growing season. This compared to a mean of 3.22\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121 from 67 site-years of N-fertilized crops and pastures, and 1.20\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121 from 33 site-years of data collected from unplanted soils or unfertilized non-legumes. It was concluded that there was little evidence that biological N2 fixation substantially contributed to total N2O emissions, and that losses of N2O from legume soil were generally lower than N-fertilized systems, especially when commercial rates of N fertilizer were applied. Elevated rates of N2O losses can occur following the termination of legume-based pastures, or where legumes had been green- or brown-manured and there was a rapid build-up of high concentrations of nitrate in soil. Legume crops and legume-based pastures use 35% to 60% less fossil energy than N-fertilized cereals or grasslands, and the inclusion of legumes in cropping sequences reduced the average annual energy usage over a rotation by 12% to 34%. The reduced energy use was primarily due to the removal of the need to apply N fertilizer and the subsequently lower N fertilizer requirements for crops grown following legumes. Life cycle energy balances of legume-based rotations were also assisted by a lower use of agrichemicals for crop protection as diversification of cropping sequences reduce the incidence of cereal pathogens and pests and assisted weed control, although it was noted that differences in fossil energy use between legumes and N-fertilized systems were greatly diminished if energy use was expressed per unit of biomass or grain produced. For a change in land use to result in a net increase C sequestration in soil, the inputs of C remaining in plant residues need to exceed the CO2 respired by soil microbes during the decomposition of plant residues or soil organic C, and the C lost through wind or water erosion. The net N-balance of the system was a key driver of changes in soil C stocks in many environments, and data collected from pasture, cropping, and agroforestry systems all indicated that legumes played a pivotal role in providing the additional organic N required to encourage the accumulation of soil C at rates greater than can be achieved by cereals or grasses even when they were supplied with N fertilizer. Legumes contain a range of compounds, which could be refined to produce raw industrial materials currently manufactured from petroleum-based sources, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, or food additives as valuable by-products if legume biomass was to be used to generate biodiesel, bioethanol, biojet A1 fuel, or biogas. The attraction of using leguminous material feedstock is that they do not need the inputs of N fertilizer that would otherwise be necessary to support the production of high grain yields or large amounts of plant biomass since it is the high fossil energy use in the synthesis, transport, and application of N fertilizers that often negates much of the net C benefits of many other bioenergy sources. The use of legume biomass for biorefineries needs careful thought as there will be significant trade-offs with the current role of legumes in contributing to the organic fertility of soils. Agricultural systems will require novel management and plant breeding solutions to provide the range of options that will be required to mitigate climate change. Given their array of ecosystem services and their ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower the use of fossil energy, accelerate rates of C sequestration in soil, and provide a valuable source of feedstock for biorefineries, legumes should be considered as important components in the development of future agroecosystems.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "571", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Legumes", "Air and water emissions", "Greenhouses and coverings", "7. Clean energy", "Biorefinery", "12. Responsible consumption", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Greenhouse gases", "2305 Environmental Engineering", "13. Climate action", "Biological N2 fixation", "Biofuels", "11. Sustainability", "Farm nutrient management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Recycling", " balancing and resource management", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-011-0079-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-10", "title": "Fifteen Years Of No Till Increase Soil Organic Matter, Microbial Biomass And Arthropod Diversity In Cover Crop-Based Arable Cropping Systems", "description": "The physical, chemical and biological properties of soil may be modified by tillage, fertilization and cover crops. However there is little knowledge on long-term effects on soil properties, notably under Mediterranean climate. Moreover, biological indicators such as micro-arthropods can be used for a cost-effective analysis of soil biodiversity. Here, we studied physical and biological properties of a sandy loam soil in central Italy under a 4-year rotation of maize\u2013durum wheat\u2013cover crop\u2013sunflower\u2013durum wheat\u2013cover crop during 15\u00a0years. We analysed the effects of two tillage systems, conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT); two N fertilization rates, without N and medium N level; and three soil covers: cash crop residue as control, Brassica juncea and Vicia villosa. Results show that no tillage increased soil organic matter content in the upper 10-cm layer (3.31%) compared to the conventional tillage (2.19%). No tillage also improved structure stability and lowered bulk density in the same soil profile. No-tillage systems showed higher soil microbial biomass (+71%) and respiration (+44%), and a higher abundance and diversity of micro-arthropods. We conclude that no tillage is an effective measure to improve the physical and biological quality of soil in Mediterranean conditions. No-tillage positive effect can be enhanced by the right choice of N fertilization and cover crop cultivation. Bio-indicators such as micro-arthropods can be very predictive of soil habitability by organisms.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "13. Climate action", "Aggregate stability", " Micro-arthropod diversity", " Microbial biomass carbon", " Soil biological quality", " Soil organic matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.sssup.it/bitstream/11382/338182/2/Sapkota%20et%20al.%20%282012%29_ASDE.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0079-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-011-0079-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-011-0079-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-011-0079-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-012-0110-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-04", "title": "Agriculture And Greenhouse Gases, A Common Tragedy. A Review", "description": "Increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases has led to global warming and associated climatic changes. The problem has been aggravated by the perception that the atmosphere is an infinite and toll-free resource. The well-known concept proposed by Garrett Hardin\u2014\u201cThe Tragedy of the Commons\u201d\u2014highlights the misuse of common resources, which ultimately lead to their depletion. This article emphasizes the relevance of the same concept to the current climatic changes and highlights the impact of agriculture on the environment. The specific focus is on field crop production and livestock husbandry that have resulted in deteriorating environmental services and increased greenhouse gas emissions. Meanwhile, the total amount of energy consumed by these sectors is enormous, encompassing 11\u00a0exajoules (EJ) annually. In addition, the article highlights possible impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity. Considering the foreseen growth of the global human population, it is expected that additional pressures will aggravate natural environments. Adoption of recommended management practices is crucial to reverse the environmental footprint of agriculture and lessen its impact on climate change. Regarding croplands, these practices can include reduced tillage systems, crop residue management, improved management of nutrients and pests, cover cropping, agroforestry, biochar application as soil amendment, and utilization of precision agriculture technologies. In the livestock sector, recommended management practices include changes in animals\u2019 diet and appropriate management of manure. Adoption of these practices is also expected to decrease the on-farm and off-farm energy use. To encourage the adoption of these practices, authorities should provide the farmers with incentives, such as payments for improving environmental services. Also, international regulations must be enforced to instigate a notable shift in human diets with the goal of reducing the environmental impact of food production. Judicious implementation of related policies would be crucial for promoting the required links between agricultural production and environmental sustainability.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Livestock raising", "Tillage operations", "1. No poverty", "Biofuel cropping", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Energy use", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "13. Climate action", "Fertilizer use", "Environmental services", "11. Sustainability", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Ilan Stavi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-012-0110-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-012-0110-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-012-0110-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-012-0110-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-012-0114-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-02", "title": "Biofuel From Plant Biomass", "description": "AbstractPlant biomass can be used for multiple forms of bioenergy, and there is a very large potential supply, depending on which global assessment is most accurate in terms of land area that could be available for biomass production. The most suitable plant species must be identified before the potential biomass production in a particular region can be quantified. This in turn depends on the degree of climatic adaptation by those species. In the range of climates present in New Zealand, biomass crop growth has less restriction due to water deficit or low winter temperature than in most world regions. Biomass production for energy use in New Zealand would be best utilised as transport fuel since 70\uffc2\uffa0% of the country\uffe2\uff80\uff99s electricity generation is already renewable, but nearly all of its transport fossil fuel is imported. There is a good economic development case for transport biofuel production using waste streams and biomass crops. This review identified the most suitable crop species and assessed their production potential for use within the climatic range present in New Zealand. Information from published work was used as a basis for selecting appropriate crops in a 2-year selection and evaluation process. Where there were knowledge gaps, the location-specific selections were further evaluated by field measurements. The data presented have superseded much of the speculative information on the suitability of species for the potential development of a biofuel industry in New Zealand.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Biomass crops", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Environmental Engineering", "High dry mass yield", "LCA", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Energy crops", "Perennials", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Greenhouse gases", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Land use change", "Bioenergy potential"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Huub Kerckhoffs, Richard Renquist,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-012-0114-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-012-0114-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-012-0114-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-012-0114-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-28", "title": "Enhanced Wheat Yield By Biochar Addition Under Different Mineral Fertilization Levels", "description": "Climate change and global warming have worldwide adverse consequences. Biochar production and its use in agriculture can play a key role in climate change mitigation and help improve the quality and management of waste materials coming from agriculture and forestry. Biochar is a carbonaceous material obtained from thermal decomposition of residual biomass at relatively low temperature and under oxygen limited conditions (pyrolysis). Biochar is currently a subject of active research worldwide because it can constitute a viable option for sustainable agriculture due to its potential as a long-term sink for carbon in soil and benefits for crops. However, to date, the results of research studies on biochar effects on crop production show great variability, depending on the biochar type and experimental conditions. Therefore, it is important to identify the beneficial aspects of biochar addition to soil on crop yield in order to promote the adoption of this practice in agriculture. In this study, the effects of two types of biochar from agricultural wastes typical of Southern Spain: wheat straw and olive tree pruning, combined with different mineral fertilization levels on the growth and yield of wheat (Triticum durum L. cv. Vitron) were evaluated. Durum wheat was pot-grown for 2 months in a growth chamber on a soil collected from an agricultural field near C\u00f3rdoba, Southern Spain. Soil properties and plant growth variables were studied in order to assess the agronomic efficiency of biochar. Our results show that biochar addition to a nutrientpoor, slightly acidic loamy sand soil had little effect on wheat yield in the absence of mineral fertilization. However, at the highest mineral fertilizer rate, addition of biochar led to about 20\u201330 % increase in grain yield compared with the use of the mineral fertilizer alone. Both biochars acted as a source of available P, which led to beneficial effects on crop production. In contrast, the addition of biochar resulted in decreases in available N and Mn. A maximum reduction in plant nutrient concentration of 25 and 80% compared to nonbiochar-treated soils for N and Mn, respectively, was detected. This fact was related to the own nature of biochar: low available nitrogen content, high adsorption capacity, and low mineralization rate for N; and alkaline pH and high carbonate content for Mn. Our results indicate that biochar-based soil management strategies can enhance wheat production with the environmental benefits of global warming mitigation. This can contribute positively to the viability and benefits of agricultural production systems. However, the nutrient\u2013biochar interactions should receive special attention due to the great variability in the properties of biochar-type materials.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Environmental Engineering", "Nitrogen", "Agricultural wastes", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Biochar", "Phosporus", "13. Climate action", "Wheat", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Grain yield", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Plant growth", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-012-0128-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-013-0173-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-15", "title": "Winter Legumes In Rice Crop Rotations Reduces Nitrogen Loss, And Improves Rice Yield And Soil Nitrogen Supply", "description": "Intensive irrigated rice-wheat crop systems have caused serious soil depletion and nitrogen loss in the Tai Lake region of China. A possible solution is the incorporation of legumes in rice because legumes are a source of nitrogen. There is actually little knowledge on the impact of legumes on rotation, soil fertility, and nitrogen loss. Therefore, we studied the effect of five rice-based rotations, including rice-wheat, rice-rape, rice-fallow, rice-bean, and rice-vetch, on soil nitrogen, rice yield, and runoff loss. A field experiment was conducted in the Tai Lake region from 2009 to 2012. Crop residues from rape, bean, and vetch were used to partially replace chemical fertilizer in rice. Results show that replacing 9.5\u201321.4\u00a0% of mineral nitrogen fertilizer by residues maintained rice yields of rice-rape, rice-bean, and rice-vetch rotations, compared to the rice-wheat reference. Moreover, using legumes as a winter crop in rice-bean and rice-vetch combinations increased rice grain yield over 5\u00a0%, and increased rice residue nitrogen content by 9.7\u201320.5\u00a0%. Nitrogen runoff decreased 30\u201360\u00a0% in rice-rape, rice-bean, and rice-vetch compared with rice-wheat. Soil mineral nitrogen and microbial biomass nitrogen content were also improved by application of leguminous residues.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "Runoff nitrogen loss", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Non-point pollution", "Crop rotations", "Legumes", "16. Peace & justice", "6. Clean water", "Soil nitrogen supply capacity", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Chemical nitrogen fertilizer reduction", "Rice yield"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yingliang Yu, Lihong Xue, Linzhang Yang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-013-0173-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-013-0173-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-013-0173-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-013-0173-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-04-07", "title": "Fourteen Years Of Evidence For Positive Effects Of Conservation Agriculture And Organic Farming On Soil Life", "description": "Conventional agriculture strongly alters soil quality due to industrial practices that often have negative effects on soil life. Alternative systems such as conservation agriculture and organic farming could restore better conditions for soil organisms. Improving soil life should in turn improve soil quality and farming sustainability. Here, we have compared for the first time the long-term effects of conservation agriculture, organic farming, and conventional agriculture on major soil organisms such as microbes, nematofauna, and macrofauna. We have also analyzed functional groups. Soils were sampled at the 14-year-old experimental site of La Cage, near Versailles, France. The microbial community was analyzed using molecular biology techniques. Nematofauna and macrofauna were analyzed and classified into functional groups. Our results show that both conservation and organic systems increased the abundance and biomass of all soil organisms, except predaceous nematodes. For example, macrofauna increased from 100 to 2,500 %, nematodes from 100 to 700 %, and microorganisms from 30 to 70 %. Conservation agriculture showed a higher overall improvement than organic farming. Conservation agriculture increased the number of many organisms such as bacteria, fungi, anecic earthworms, and phytophagous and rhizophagous arthropods. Organic farming improved mainly the bacterial pathway of the soil food web and endogeic and anecic earthworms. Overall, our study shows that long-term, no-tillage, and cover crops are better for soil biota than periodic legume green manures, pesticides, and mineral fertilizers.", "keywords": ["570", "biodiversit\u00e9 du sol", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "630", "Soil quality", "n\u00e9matofaune", "microorganisme du sol", "agriculture biologique", "Soil food web", "Land management", "11. Sustainability", "Agricultural sustainability", "Soil biodiversity;Functional groups;Soil food web;Soil functionning;Soil quality;Land management;Agricultural sustainability;Agroecosystems;Agroecology", "Agroecosystems", "Soil functioning", "2. Zero hunger", "communaut\u00e9 microbienne", "Soil functionning", "agriculture conventionnelle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Agro\u00e9cologie", "15. Life on land", "Soil biodiversity", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "13. Climate action", "Functional groups", "agriculture de conservation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agroecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-014-0215-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-04-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-015-0286-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-03", "title": "Wheat And Maize Relay-Planting With Straw Covering Increases Water Use Efficiency Up To 46 %", "description": "Family farms in populated countries must produce sufficient quantities of food to meet the ever-growing population needs. It is unknown whether innovated farming systems can alleviate this issue. Here, we carried out field experiments in arid northwest China from 2009 to 2012 to determine the response of water use, grain yield, and water use efficiency. We integrated crop intensification via relay-planting and straw mulching in the same system. Straw mulching included stubble standing, straw covering, or straw incorporation to the soil. Results show that wheat and maize relay-planting with straw mulching increased yields by up to 153\u00a0% versus mono-planting of maize and wheat. Straw covering approached the highest yield. Relay-planting with stubble standing or straw covering decreased water consumption by 4.6\u00a0%. The integrated systems increased water use efficiency by up to 46\u00a0% compared to conventional mono-planting maize and wheat.", "keywords": ["Oasis region", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "Straw mulch", "03 medical and health sciences", "Soil water storage", "Relay-planting", "Water use efficiency", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yantai Gan, Aizhong Yu, Fuxue Feng, Falong Hu, Qiang Chai, Wen Yin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-015-0286-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-015-0286-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-015-0286-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-015-0286-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-019-0587-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-05", "title": "Diversified grain-based cropping systems provide long-term weed control while limiting herbicide use and yield losses", "description": "Integrated weed management encourages long-term planning and targeted use of cultural strategies coherently combined at the cropping system scale. The transition towards such systems is challenged by a belief of lower productivity and higher weed pressure. Here, we hypothesize that diversifying the crop sequence and its associated weed management tools allow long-term agronomic sustainability (low herbicide use, efficient weed control, and high productivity). Four 6-year rotations with different constraints (S2: transition from reduced tillage to no-till, chemical weeding; S3: chemical weeding; S4: typical integrated weed management system; S5: mechanical weeding) were compared to a reference (S1: 3-year rotation, systematic ploughing, chemical weeding) in terms of herbicide use, weed management, and productivity over the 2000\u20132017 period. Weed density was measured before and after weeding. Crop and weed biomass were sampled at crop flowering. Compared to S1, herbicide use was reduced by 46, 65, and 99% in S3, S4, and S5 respectively. Herbicide use in S2 was maintained at the same level as S1 (\u2212\u20099%), due to increased weed pressure and dependence to glyphosate for weed control during the fallow period of the no-till phase. Weed biomass was low across all cropping systems (0 to 5\u00a0g of dry matter m\u22122) but weed dynamics were stable over the 17\u00a0years in S1 and S4 only. Compared to S1, productivity at the cropping system scale was reduced by 22% in S2 and by 33% in S3. These differences were mainly attributed to a higher proportion of crops with low intrinsic productivity in S2 and S3. Through S4\u2019s multiperformance, we show for the first time that low herbicide use, long-term weed management, and high crop productivity can be reconciled in grain-based cropping systems provided that a diversified crop rotation integrating a diverse suite of tactics (herbicides included) is implemented.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Weed dynamics", "Sustainable agriculture", "Integrated weed management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Cropping system . Integrated weed management .Weed dynamics . Crop productivity . Sustainable agriculture", "630", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Crop productivity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Cropping system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-019-0587-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-019-0587-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-019-0587-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-019-0587-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-022-00773-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-16", "title": "Soil compaction raises nitrous oxide emissions in managed agroecosystems. A review", "description": "AbstractNitrous oxide (N2O) is the contributor to agricultural greenhouse gas emissions with the highest warming global potential. It is widely recognised that traffic and animal-induced compaction can lead to an increased potential for N2O emissions by decreasing soil oxygen supply. The extent to which the spatial and temporal variability of N2O emissions can be explained by soil compaction is unclear. This review aims to comprehensively discuss soil compaction effects on N2O emissions, and to understand how compaction may promote N2O emission hotspots and hot moments. An impact factor of N2O emissions due to compaction was calculated for each selected study; compaction effects were evaluated separately for croplands, grasslands and forest lands. Topsoil compaction was found to increase N2O emissions by 1.3 to 42 times across sites and land uses. Large impact factors were especially reported for cropland and grassland soils when topsoil compaction\uffe2\uff80\uff94induced by field traffic and/or grazing\uffe2\uff80\uff94is combined with nitrogen input from fertiliser or urine. Little is known about the contribution of subsoil compaction to N2O emissions. Water-filled pore space is the most common water metric used to explain N2O emission variability, but gas diffusivity is a parameter with higher prediction potential. Microbial community composition may be less critical than the soil environment for N2O emissions, and there is a need for comprehensive studies on association between environmental drivers and soil compaction. Lack of knowledge about the interacting factors causing N2O accumulation in compacted soils, at different degrees of compactness and across different spatial scales, limits the identification of high-risk areas and development of efficient mitigation strategies. Soil compaction mitigation strategies that aim to loosen the soil and recover pore system functionality, in combination with other agricultural management practices to regulate N2O emission, should be evaluated for their effectiveness across different agro-climatic conditions and scales.Relay intercropping of subsidiary legumes with durum wheat (living mulch) can be a viable option to support ecological weed control and optimize nutrient cycling in cereal-based cropping systems. However, the lack of knowledge on suitable legume species is often identified as the main bottleneck for the successful application of legume living mulches. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability of 12 different legumes for relay intercropping with wheat in two contrasting Mediterranean cereal-based cropping systems respectively characterized by low-input and integrated management. Each legume was monitored from the undersowing in wheat until the following spring and we compared direct drilling to broadcast sowing of legumes. None of the undersown legumes showed a negative effect on the wheat grain yield. Relay intercropping of legumes proved to be an effective solution to control weeds before and after the wheat harvest, provided suitable legumes species are chosen. Suitable legumes reduced the weed biomass up to the 90% during the intercropping and up to 94% in the following spring. On the contrary, legumes such as Trifoliumresupinatum, Viciavillosa, Medicagotruncatula, and Medicagoscutellata boosted weed growth in the following spring in comparison with the control. According to the performance of legumes, Medicagosativa, Trifoliumrepens and Medicagolupulina had the most suitable characteristics for relay intercropping with durum wheat at the Ravenna site, in a highly productive region whereas Medicagosativa, Hedysarumcoronarium and Trifoliumsubterraneum performed better in the low-input system near Pisa, where yields are generally lower. This is the first time that such a diversity in legumes species is tested in the same experiment for relay intercropping under diversified environmental and management conditions. The results of this study can support farmers in selecting the most appropriated legume species for their specific cropping systems and local conditions.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Living mulch", "Weed management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "IWMPRAISE", "Crop combinations and interactions", "Integrated Weed Management", "Horizon2020", "Crop diversification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cereals", " pulses and oilseeds", "Subsidiary crops"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.sssup.it/bitstream/11382/549112/1/s13593-022-00787-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13593-022-00787-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-022-00787-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-022-00787-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-022-00787-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-022-00787-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-022-00864-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-02-01", "title": "Sustainable soil management measures: a synthesis of stakeholder recommendations", "description": "AbstractSoil degradation threatens agricultural production and soil multifunctionality. Efforts for private and public governance are increasingly emerging to leverage sustainable soil management. They require consensus across science, policy, and practice about what sustainable soil management entails. Such agreement does not yet exist to a sufficient extent in agronomic terms; what is lacking is a concise list of soil management measures that enjoy broad support among all stakeholders, and evidence on the question what hampers their implementation by farmers. We therefore screened stakeholder documents from public governance institutions, nongovernmental organizations, the agricultural industry, and conventional and organic farmer associations for recommendations related to agricultural soil management in Germany. Out of 46 recommended measures in total, we compiled a shortlist of the seven most consensual ones: (1) structural landscape elements, (2) organic fertilization, (3) diversified crop rotation, (4) permanent soil cover, (5) conservation tillage, (6) reduced soil loads, and (7) optimized timing of wheeling. Together, these measures support all agricultural soil functions, and address all major soil threats except soil contamination. Implementation barriers were identified with the aid of an online survey among farmers (n = 78). Results showed that a vast majority of farmers (> 80%) approved of all measures. Barriers were mostly considered to be economic and in some cases technological, while missing knowledge or other factors were less relevant. Barriers were stronger for those measures that cannot be implemented in isolation, but require a systemic diversification of the production system. This is especially the case for measures that are simultaneously beneficial to many soil functions (measures 2, 3, and 4). Results confirm the need for a diversification of the agricultural system in order to meet challenges of food security and climate change. The shortlist presents the first integrative compilation of sustainable soil management measures supporting the design of effective public or private governance.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::630 | Landwirtschaft", " Veterin\u00e4rmedizin", "Diversification in agriculture", "Agriculture in transition", " Diversification in agriculture", " Soil functions", " Soil health", " Sustainable soil management", " Stakeholder recommendations", "Sustainable soil management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil functions", "Agriculture in transition", "01 natural sciences", "soil functions ; sustainable soil management ; agriculture in transition ; diversifcation in agriculture ; soil health ; stakeholder recommendations", "12. Responsible consumption", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::580 | Pflanzen (Botanik)", "13. Climate action", "Soil health", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Dewey Decimal Classification::600 | Technik::640 | Hauswirtschaft und Familienleben", "Stakeholder recommendations", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13593-022-00864-7.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-022-00864-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-022-00864-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-022-00864-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-022-00864-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13595-011-0100-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-05", "title": "Effect Of Freezing-Thawing On Nitrogen Mineralization In Vegetation Soils Of Four Landscape Zones Of Changbai Mountain", "description": "We studied the effect of freezing-thawing on nitrogen (N) mineralization of four vegetation soils from typical vegetation zones of Changbai Mountain with a laboratory incubation experiment. The soils were treated with two levels of soil water content, representing the low and high soil water contents found during late autumn and early spring in Changbai Mountain, respectively, and underwent cycling of freezing at \u22125 or \u221225\u00b0C and thawing at 5\u00b0C up to 15 times. The main purpose of this study was to examine the effects of freezing temperature, frequency of freezing-thawing cycles, and soil water content on N mineralization of four soils to reveal the different effects of spring and autumn freezing-thawing on soil N mineralization in Changbai Mountain. The results showed that inorganic N in the soils increased 1.67\u201326.77 times after 15 cycles of freezing-thawing, but N mineralization rate decreased with increased cycling of freezing-thawing. The lower freeze temperature and higher soil water content generally enhanced soil N mineralization. The results implied that freezing-thawing of vegetation soils to increase soil N mineralization to favor the growth of plants, and also increase the possibility of runoff loss of soil nutrients, is more effective in the spring than in the autumn.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture", " forestry", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jie Tian, Yujing Ye, Guowei Li, Li Zhou, Wangming Zhou, Limin Dai, Hua Chen, Bernard J. Lewis,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0100-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13595-011-0100-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13595-011-0100-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13595-011-0100-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13595-011-0125-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-29", "title": "Effects Of Thinning Intensity On Radial Growth Patterns And Temperature Sensitivity In Pinus Canariensis Afforestations On Tenerife Island, Spain", "description": "Open Access\u2022Context The suitability of thinning to prevent forest growth decline as a result of global warming has not been tested extensively in Macaronesian Canary pine (Pinus canariensis Sweet ex Spreng.). \u2022 Aims This study aimed to answer the following questions: (1) are tree growth patterns modified by the aspect and thinning intensity? (2) Is sensitivity to climate modulated by thinning? (3) Do trees of different crown classes respond differentially to thinning intensity and climate? \u2022Methods We used tree-ring series from dominant, codominant, and overtopped trees to study the effects of thinning intensity on basal area increments (BAI) and climate sensitivity on windward (wet) and leeward (dry) slopes on Tenerife, Canary Islands. Three replicated blocks of control, light thinning, and heavy thinning stands were set on each slope in 1988, and cores were extracted in 2007. \u2022 Results Heavy thinning induced growth release and increased BAI, mainly on dominant and codominant trees, whereas light thinning effects were negligible; their impacts were more intense on the windward side. Temperature sensitivity was hardly affected by thinning on leeward, where climate control was stronger. On windward, thinning enhanced the influence of summer temperatures. Upper crown classes were more sensitive overall, but overtopped trees responded better in summer. Thinning intensity and aspect greatly influence growth on Canary pine afforestations, but individual responses are highly dependent on crown classes. In addition, thinning may be less effective to modify growth conditions on leeward slopes, at least if not intense. \u00a9 INRA and Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", ":Investigaci\u00f3n::24 Ciencias de la vida::2417 Biolog\u00eda vegetal (bot\u00e1nica)::241713 Ecolog\u00eda vegetal [Materias]", "Forest restoration", "Climate-growth relationships", "Growth release", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Dendroecology", ":Investigaci\u00f3n::31 Ciencias agrarias::3106 Ciencia forestal::310608 Silvicultura [Materias]", "13. Climate action", "Materias::Investigaci\u00f3n::31 Ciencias agrarias::3106 Ciencia forestal::310608 Silvicultura", "Materias::Investigaci\u00f3n::24 Ciencias de la vida::2417 Biolog\u00eda vegetal (bot\u00e1nica)::241713 Ecolog\u00eda vegetal", "[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture", " forestry", "Tree ring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-011-0125-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13595-011-0125-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13595-011-0125-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13595-011-0125-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-15", "title": "Responses Of Labile Soil Organic Carbon And Enzyme Activity In Mineral Soils To Forest Conversion In The Subtropics", "description": "& Aims Globally, extensive areas of native forest have been almost replaced by plantations to meet the demands for timber, fuel material and other forest products. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of forest conversion on labile soil organic C (SOC), soil respiration, and enzyme activity, and to quantify their relationship in subtropical forest ecosystems. & Methods Surface mineral soil (0\u201320 cm) was collected from a Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook. plantation, Pinus massoniana Lamb. plantation, Michelia macclurei Dandy plantation, and an undisturbed native broadleaf forest. Soil microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C, permanganateoxidizable C, basal respiration, and six enzyme activities were investigated. & Results Soil microbial biomass C was higher by 45.9 % in native broadleaf forest than that in M. macclurei Dandy plantation. The ratio of soil microbial biomass C to total SOC was 27.6 % higher in the M. macclurei Dandy plantation than in the native broadleaf forest. The soil respiration increased by 25.2 %a nd 21.7 %a fter conversion from native broadleaf forest to P. massoniana Lamb. and M. macclurei Dandy plantations respectively. The effects of forest conversion on the soil enzyme activities differed among the tree species. Soil microbial biomass C had higher correlation with soil respiration than with the other SOC fractions. Moreover, soil microbial biomass C was positively correlated with urease and negatively correlated with cellulase activity. Soil respiration had higher correlation with soil microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C and permanganate-oxidizable C. & Conclusion Forest conversion affected the soil microbial biomass C, soil respiration, invertase, cellulase, urease, catalase, acid phosphatase, and polyphenol oxidase activities, but their response depended on tree species. Soil respiration was mainly controlled by labile SOC, not by total SOC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil enzyme", "13. Climate action", "Land-use change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Labile soil organic C", "[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture", " forestry", "15. Life on land", "Tree species"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Silong Wang, Fuming Xiao, Tongxin He, Qingkui Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13595-014-0444-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-19", "title": "Changes In Soil Phosphorus Fractions After 9 Years Of Continuous Nitrogen Addition In A Larix Gmelinii Plantation", "description": "The key message N addition decreased soil inorganic P availability, microbial biomass P, and acid phosphatase activity in the larch plantation. Soil inorganic P availability decreased after N addition due to the changes in both microbial properties and plant uptake.\u2022 Context Soil phosphorus (P) availability is considered an important factor in influencing the biomass production of plants. Sustained inputs of nitrogen (N) through atmospheric deposition or N fertilizers, particularly in temperate forests, may change the composition and availability of P and thus affect long-term forest productivity.\u2022 Aims The objective of this study was to assess soil P availability, P fractions, and microbial properties including microbial biomass P and acid phosphatase activity after 9 consecutive years of N addition in a larch (Larix gmelinii) plantation, northeastern China.\u2022 Methods From 2003 to 2011, NH4NO3 was added to replicate plots (three 20\u00a0m\u2009\u00d7\u200930\u00a0m plots) in the larch plantation each year at a rate of 100\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121. Soil samples from 0\u201310-cm and 10\u201320-cm depths were collected in N addition plots and control (no N addition) plots.\u2022 Results N addition significantly decreased soil NaHCO3-Pi (Pi is inorganic P), microbial biomass P, and acid phosphatase activity but increased the NaOH-Pi concentration. N addition appeared to induce a decrease in soil inorganic P availability by changing pH and P uptake by trees. In addition, N addition significantly decreased the NaOH-Po (Po is organic P) concentration, possibly because of increased P mineralization. However, the total P and other P fractions were unaffected by N fertilization.\u2022 Conclusion Our results suggested that N addition enhanced P uptake by trees, whereas it reduced soil inorganic P availability as well as microbial biomass and activity related to soil P cycling in the larch plantation.", "keywords": ["[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "2. Zero hunger", "Microbial biomass P", "Larch plantation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "Phosphorus availability", "Phosphatase activity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-014-0444-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13595-014-0444-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13595-014-0444-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13595-014-0444-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13595-016-0540-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-08", "title": "The Effects Of Forest Type On Soil Microbial Activity In Changbai Mountain, Northeast China", "description": "AbstractKey messageForty years after clear-cutting mixed old-growth forest (broadleaf/Korean pine) in the Changbai Mountain area (Northeast China), a mixed forest with natural broadleaf regeneration and larch plantation displayed larger microbial biomass and activity in the soil than either a naturally regenerated birch forest or a monospecific spruce plantation.ContextClear-cutting with limited restoration effort was until the end of the twentieth century the norm for managing primary forests in Northeast China. Forest restoration plays an important role in the recovery of soil quality after clear-cutting, but the effects of different regeneration procedures on forest soil quality remain poorly known in Northeast China.AimsWe assessed the effects of three regeneration procedures, i.e., (i) naturally regenerated birch forest, (ii) spruce plantation, and (iii) naturally regenerated broadleaf species interspersed with planted larch on soil quality and microbial activity in the Changbai Mountain area. An old-growth mixed broadleaf/Korean pine forest was used as a reference.MethodsPhysical and chemical properties and microbial biomass were recorded in the soil. Basal respiration and carbon mineralization were measured with a closed-jar alkali-absorption method.ResultsMicrobial biomass was smaller in the birch forest and spruce plantation than in the old-growth and the mixed broadleaf/larch forests. Moreover, microbial biomass, microbial quotient, and potentially mineralizable carbon were larger in the mixed broadleaf/larch than in the birch forest, while no difference was found between spruce plantation and birch forest for microbial biomass and microbial quotient. Basal respiration and metabolic quotient were larger in the birch forest as compared to the three other forest types, indicating a larger energy need for maintenance of the microbial community and lower microbial activity in the naturally regenerated birch forest.ConclusionMixed broadleaf/larch forest displayed a larger microbial biomass and higher substrate use efficiency of the soil microbial community than either naturally regenerated birch forest or spruce plantation. The combined natural and artificial regeneration procedure (mixed broadleaf-larch forest) seems better suited to restore soil quality after clear-cutting in the Changbai Mountain.", "keywords": ["[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Changbai Mountain", "Forest restoration", "Carbon mineralization", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Microbial biomass carbon", "15. Life on land", "Soil quality"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li Zhou, Dapao Yu, Xiang-Min Fang, Xiang-Min Fang, Wangming Zhou, Limin Dai,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0540-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13595-016-0540-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13595-016-0540-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13595-016-0540-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-24", "title": "Effects Of Experimental Warming On Soil Respiration And Biomass In Quercus Variabilis Blume And Pinus Densiflora Sieb. Et Zucc. Seedlings", "description": "AbstractKey messageIn the open-field warming experiment using infrared heaters, 3\u00a0\u00b0C warming affected soil respiration more in the deciduousQuercus variabilisBlume plot than in the evergreenPinus densifloraSieb. et Zucc. plot, but did not affect the plant biomass in either species.ContextUnderstanding the species-specific responses of belowground carbon processes to warming is essential for the accurate prediction of forest carbon cycles in ecosystems affected by future climate change.AimsThis study aimed to investigate the effect of experimental warming on soil CO2 efflux, soil-air CO2 concentration, and plant biomass for two taxonomically different temperate tree species.MethodsExperimental warming was conducted in an open-field planted with Q. variabilis and P. densiflora seedlings. Infrared heaters increased the air temperature by 3\u00a0\u00b0C in the warmed plots compared with the air temperature in the control plots over a 2-year period.ResultsThe increase in air and soil temperature stimulated soil CO2 efflux by 29 and 22\u00a0% for the Q. variabilis and P. densiflora plots, respectively. Seasonal variation in the warming effect on soil CO2 efflux was species-specific. Soil CO2 efflux was also positively related to both soil temperature and soil water content. The soil moisture deficit decreased the difference in soil CO2 efflux between the control and warmed plots. Warming did not affect soil CO2 concentration and plant biomass in either species; however, the mean soil CO2 concentration was positively correlated with root and total biomass.ConclusionWarming increased soil CO2 efflux in both Q. variabilis and P. densiflora plots, while the increase showed remarkable seasonal variations and different magnitudes for the two species.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "soil temperature", "evergreen tree", "soil water", "Red pine", "seedling", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "experimental study", "Pinus resinosa", "Climate change", "Pinus densiflora", "seasonal variation", "concentration (composition)", "Quercus variabilis", "Oriental oak", "carbon dioxide", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "air temperature", "carbon flux", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "coniferous tree", "phytomass", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Experimental warming", "soil moisture", "deciduous tree"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13595-016-0547-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-03-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13595-018-0690-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:15:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-31", "title": "Thinning Affects Microbial Biomass Without Changing Enzyme Activity In The Soil Of Pinus Densiflora Sieb. Et Zucc. Forests After 7 Years", "description": "AbstractKey messageThinning increased microbial biomass but did not alter enzyme activities in the soil ofPinus densifloraSieb. et Zucc. forests in South Korea. This effect of thinning was larger under a relatively heavy thinning intensity, but there was divergence in the magnitude between sites.ContextThe balance between microbial biomass accumulation and enzymatic C and N assimilation determines the level of bio-available C and N. However, the effects of thinning on these parameters remain contradictory and unconfirmed.AimsThe effects of thinning intensity on microbial biomass and enzyme activity were assessed in the soil of Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. forests in South Korea.MethodsUn-thinned control and 15 and 30% basal area thinning treatments were applied to two 51- to 60-year-old P. densiflora forests with different management histories, topographies, rainfall amounts, and soils. Seven years after thinning, microbial biomass and activities of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, \u03b2-glucosidase, cellobiohydrolase, \u03b2-xylosidase, phenol oxidase, and peroxidase were measured before and after seasonally concentrated rains and at 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth.ResultsMicrobial biomass was generally highest under the 30% basal area thinning and lowest under the control, and was positively correlated to total soil C and N. The increase in microbial biomass was lower at the site displaying sandier, drier, and more acidic soils and retaining smaller amounts of thinning residue. Conversely, thinning had no significant effect on activities of all enzymes at both sites in both periods.ConclusionThinning can promote accumulation of microbial biomass without significant change in enzyme activities participating in the assimilation of C and N. This effect of thinning tended to increase with thinning intensity but differed in magnitude between sites.", "keywords": ["[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Forest management", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil microbes", "15. Life on land", "Enzyme assay", "01 natural sciences", "Korean red pine"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-018-0690-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13595-018-0690-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13595-018-0690-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13595-018-0690-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-11", "title": "Grazing Exclusion Reduced Soil Respiration But Increased Its Temperature Sensitivity In A Meadow Grassland On The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "AbstractUnderstanding anthropogenic influences on soil respiration (Rs) is critical for accurate predictions of soil carbon fluxes, but it is not known how Rs responds to grazing exclusion (GE). Here, we conducted a manipulative experiment in a meadow grassland on the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the effects of GE on Rs. The exclusion of livestock significantly increased soil moisture and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass, but it decreased soil temperature, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and Rs. Regression analysis indicated that the effects of GE on Rs were mainly due to changes in soil temperature, soil moisture, and MBC. Compared with the grazed blocks, GE significantly decreased soil carbon release by 23.6% over the growing season and 21.4% annually, but it increased the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Rs by 6.5% and 14.2% for the growing season and annually respectively. Therefore, GE may reduce the release of soil carbon from the Tibetan Plateau, but under future climate warming scenarios, the increases in Q10 induced by GE could lead to increased carbon emissions.
", "keywords": ["570", "MICROBIAL RESPIRATION", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "Plant Productivity", "Temperature Sensitivity", "ALPINE GRASSLAND", "630", "Microbial Biomass Carbon", "NORTHERN CHINA", "SEASONAL PATTERNS", "MOUNTAIN GRASSLANDS", "Grazing Exclusion", "Tibetan Plateau", "PLANT-COMMUNITIES", "Original Research", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "CO2 EFFLUX", "Ecology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "INNER-MONGOLIA", "BELOW-GROUND BIOMASS", "Soil Respiration", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1867"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.1867"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ecs2.4754", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-01-15", "title": "Invasions eliminate the legacy effects of substrate history on microbial nitrogen cycling", "description": "AbstractChanges in substrate quality driven by climate, land use, or other forms of global change may represent a strong selective force on microbial communities. Invasion of new taxa into a community through dispersal, evolution, or recolonization could impact the outcome of this environmental selection. Here, we simulated substrate change with a trait\uffe2\uff80\uff90based model of microbial litter decomposition (DEMENTpy) to assess the legacy effects of past substrate quality and the impact of selection by a new substrate on community decomposition activity. Simulations were run with different levels of invasion, including invasion from communities long\uffe2\uff80\uff90adapted to the new substrate. Legacy effects were evident with substrate change for native communities differing in composition. Protein was the only substrate that exerted a strong enough selective force to affect community composition. Legacy effects disappeared when invaders came from substrates similar to the new substrate. Together, our simulations demonstrate that substrate quality changes associated with global change can lead to legacy effects on substrate degradation. In decomposing plant litter, such legacy effects can occur if substrate inputs shift to higher protein content and if invasion is low.Restoring belts of perennial vegetation in landscapes is widely recognized as a measure of improving landscape function. While there have been many studies of the transport of pollutants through grass filter strips, few have addressed sediment related processes through restored tree belts. In order to identify these processes and quantify their relative contribution to sediment trapping, a series of rainfall simulations was conducted on a 600 m2 hillslope comprising a pasture upslope of a 15 year old tree belt. Although the simulated events were extreme (average recurrence intervals \uffe2\uff88\uffbc10 and 50 yr), the trapping efficiency of the tree belt was very high: at least 94% of the total mass of sediments was captured. All the size fractions were trapped with a minimum Sediment Trapping Ratio (STR) of 91% for the medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90sized fragments. Fractions < 1\uffc2\uffb73 \uffc2\uffb5m and > 182 \uffc2\uffb5m were totally captured (STR = 100%). Through the joint analysis of sediment budgets and soil surface conditions, we identified different trapping processes. The main trapping process is the sedimentation (at least 62% of trapped sediment mass) with deposits in the backwater and as micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90terraces within the tree belt. Modelling results show that the coarsest size fractions above 75 \uffc2\uffb5m are preferentially deposited. Joint infiltration of water and sediments has also been noticed, however, this process alone cannot explain the selective trapping of the finest fractions. We suggest that the finest fractions transported by the overland flow may be trapped by adsorption on the abundant litter present within the tree belt. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "SEDIMENT DELIVERY", "550", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "MACROPORES", "SIZE SELECTIVITY", "0207 environmental engineering", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "TREE LITTER", "BACKWATER", "ruissellement", "pluie artificielle", "630", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "RUNOFF;SIZE SELECTIVITY;SEDIMENT DELIVERY;TREE LITTER;BACKWATER;SEDIMENTATION;MACROPORES;am\u00e9nagement paysager", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "exp\u00e9rimentation au champ", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "am\u00e9nagement paysager", "RUNOFF", "haie", "SEDIMENTATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.6957"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Hydrological%20Processes", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/hyp.6957", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/hyp.6957", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/hyp.6957"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ldr.2466", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-29", "title": "Carbon Sequestration In Restored Soils By Applying Organic Amendments", "description": "AbstractThe study of different natural carbon sinks has become especially important because of climate change effects. The restoration of contaminated areas can be an ideal strategy for carbon sequestration. The studied area was affected by toxic Aznalc\uffc3\uffb3llar mine spill in 1998. Restoration process of the contaminated area was based, mainly, on the use of two organic amendments: leonardite (LE) and biosolid compost (BC). The objective of this study was to verify whether the application of these amendments promotes the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term carbon sequestration in this soil. Five treatments were established: untreated control, biosolid compost (doses 4 and 2) and leonardite (doses 4 and 2). The addition of amendments implied an improvement in soil quality that was directly related to the amendment dose: decrease in bulk density, increase in pH, higher respiration rates and an improvement in the stratification ratio. Dose\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent changes in the molecular composition of soil organic matter were shown by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Both amendments promoted carbon retention, although because of the low mineralization rates of soil organic matter in LE treatments, the carbon storage was higher. The dosage effect on the carbon balance was more important in LE treatments, whereas in the BC treatments, the balance was similar for both doses. Our findings suggest that LE4 significantly increased the total organic carbon and it was the most suitable treatment for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term carbon storage, because of its molecular composition rich in relatively stable aromatic and lignin\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived compounds. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "trace element contaminated soil", "13C NMR", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Trace element contaminated soil", "leonardite", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biosolid compost", "6. Clean water", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "13. Climate action", "biosolid compost", "C sequestration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "C-13 NMR", "Leonardite"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2466"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Degradation%20%26amp%3B%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ldr.2466", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ldr.2466", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ldr.2466"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/lno.11606", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-25", "title": "The relevance of environment vs. composition on dissolved organic matter degradation in freshwaters", "description": "AbstractDissolved organic matter (DOM) composition exerts a direct control on its degradation and subsequent persistence in aquatic ecosystems. Yet, under certain conditions, the degradation patterns of DOM cannot be solely explained by its composition, highlighting the relevance of environmental conditions for DOM degradation. Here, we experimentally assessed the relative influence of composition vs. environment on DOM degradation by performing degradation bioassays using three contrasting DOM sources inoculated with a standardized bacterial inoculum under five distinct environments. The DOM degradation kinetics modeled using reactivity continuum models showed that composition was more important than environment in determining the bulk DOM decay patterns. Changes in DOM composition resulted from the interaction between DOM source and environment. The role of environment was stronger on shaping the bacterial community composition, but the intrinsic nature of the DOM source exerted stronger control on the DOM degradation function.
", "keywords": ["LAKES", "0301 basic medicine", "550", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Oceanografi", " hydrologi och vattenresurser", "COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "CARBON", "River sediments", "Oceanography", " Hydrology and Water Resources", "03 medical and health sciences", "Compostos org\u00e0nics", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "[CHIM] Chemical Sciences", "Organic compounds", "RIVER", "[CHIM]Chemical Sciences", "14. Life underwater", "DOM", "Ecologia fluvial", "0303 health sciences", "MOLECULAR SIGNATURES", "PERSISTENCE", "Sediments fluvials", "SHIFTS", "6. Clean water", "Stream ecology", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY", "13. Climate action", "PATTERNS", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://aslopubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lno.11606"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.11606"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Limnology%20and%20Oceanography", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/lno.11606", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/lno.11606", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/lno.11606"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ppp.2250", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:14:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-09-09", "title": "Rainfall Impacts Dissolved Organic Matter and Cation Export From Permafrost Catchments and a Glacial River During Late Summer in Northeast Greenland", "description": "ABSTRACTOngoing and amplified climate change in the Arctic is leading to glacier retreat and to the exposure of an ever\uffe2\uff80\uff90larger portion of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glaciated permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated landscapes. Warming will also cause more precipitation to fall as rain, further enhancing the thaw of previously frozen ground. Yet, the impact of those perturbations on the geochemistry of Arctic rivers remains a subject of debate. Here, we determined the geochemical composition of waters from various contrasting non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial permafrost catchments and investigated their impact on a glacially dominated river, the Zackenberg River (Northeast Greenland), during late summer (August 2019). We also studied the effect of rainfall on the geochemistry of the Zackenberg River, its non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial tributaries, and a nearby independent non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial headwater stream Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse. We analyzed water properties, quantified and characterized dissolved organic matter (DOM) using absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy and radiocarbon isotopes, and set this alongside analyses of the major cations (Ca, Mg, Na, and K), dissolved silicon (Si), and germanium/silicon ratios (Ge/Si). The glacier\uffe2\uff80\uff90fed Zackenberg River contained low concentrations of major cations, dissolved Si and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and a Ge/Si ratio typical of bulk rock. Glacial DOM was enriched in protein\uffe2\uff80\uff90like fluorescent DOM and displayed relatively depleted radiocarbon values (i.e., old DOM). Non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial streams (i.e., tributaries and Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse) had higher concentrations of major cations and DOC and DOM enriched in aromatic compounds. They showed a wide range of values for radiocarbon, Si and Ge/Si ratios associated with variable contributions of surface runoff relative to deep active layer leaching. Before the rain event, Zackenberg tributaries did not contribute notably to the solute export of the Zackenberg River, and supra\uffe2\uff80\uff90permafrost ground waters governed the supply of solutes in Zackenberg tributaries and Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse stream. After the rain event, surface runoff modified the composition of Gr\uffc3\uffa6nse stream, and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90glacial tributaries strongly increased their contribution to the Zackenberg River solute export. Our results show that summer rainfall events provide an additional source of DOM and Si\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich waters from permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90underlain catchments to the discharge of glacially dominated rivers. This suggests that the magnitude and composition of solute exports from Arctic rivers are modulated by permafrost thaw and summer rain events. This event\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven solute supply will likely impact the carbon cycle in rivers, estuaries, and oceans and should be included into future predictions of carbon balance in these vulnerable Arctic systems.