Soil erosion from agricultural fields is a persistent ecological problem, potentially leading to eutrophication of aquatic habitats in the catchment area. Often used and recommended mitigation measures are vegetated filter strips (VFS) as buffer zones between arable land and water bodies. However, if they are designed and managed poorly, nutrients \uffe2\uff80\uff94 especially phosphorus (P) \uffe2\uff80\uff94 may accumulate in the soil. Ultimately, VFS can switch from being a nutrient sink to a source. This problem is further aggravated if the field runoff does not occur as uniform sheet flow, but rather in concentrated form, as is usually the case. To assess the impact of concentrated flow on VFS performance, we have taken soil core samples from field-VFS transition zones at six sites in Lower Austria. We determined a multitude of physical and chemical soil parameters, focusing on P fractions and indices. Our results revealed that concentrated flow can lead to an accumulation of P in the VFS. P levels in the VFS inside the area of concentrated runoff can be equal to or higher than in the field, even though they receive no direct fertilization. However, the concentration and distribution of nutrients in the fields and VFSs were also site-specific and affected by local factors such as the age of the VFS, cropping, and fertilization. Accordingly, there is a need for more sophisticated, bespoke VFS designs that can cope with site-specific runoff volumes and movements of nutrients that occur.Current estimations of the climate impact from indirect land use change (ILUC) caused by biofuels are heavily influenced by assumptions regarding the biofuel production period. The purpose of this paper is to propose a new method (baseline time accounting) that takes global land use dynamics into account that is consistent with the global warming potential, that is applicable to any phenomenon causing land use change, and that is independent of production period assumptions.
MethodsWe consider ILUC in two forms. The first is called \uffe2\uff80\uff9caccelerated expansion\uffe2\uff80\uff9d and concerns ILUC in regions with an expanding agricultural area. The second is called \uffe2\uff80\uff9cdelayed reversion\uffe2\uff80\uff9d and concerns ILUC in regions with a decreasing agricultural area. We use recent trends in international land use and projections of future land use change to assess how ILUC from biofuels will alter the development in global agricultural land use dynamics compared to the existing trend (i.e., the baseline development). We then use the definition of the global warming potential to determine the CO2 equivalence of the change in land use dynamics.
Results and discussionWe apply baseline time accounting to two existing ILUC studies in the literature. With current trends in global agricultural land use, the method significantly reduces the estimated climate impact in the previous ILUC studies (by more than half). Sensitivity analyses show that results are somewhat sensitive to assumptions regarding carbon sequestration and assumptions regarding postreversion ecosystems.
ConclusionsThe global dynamic development in land use has important implications for the time accounting step when estimating the climate impact of ILUC caused by biofuel production or other issues affecting land use. Ignoring this may lead to erroneous conclusions about the actual climate impact of ILUC. Several land use projections indicate that the global agricultural area will keep expanding up to and beyond 2050. We therefore recommend to apply the baseline time accounting concept as an integrated part of future ILUC studies and to update the results on a regular basis.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Environmental Science(all)", "13. Climate action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Steffen Mueller, Jesper Hedal Kl\u00f8verpris,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0488-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20International%20Journal%20of%20Life%20Cycle%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11367-012-0488-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11367-012-0488-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11367-012-0488-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11367-012-0512-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-09", "title": "Life-Cycle Climate Impacts Of Peat Fuel: Calculation Methods And Methodological Challenges", "description": "There has been lively debate, especially in Finland and Sweden, on the climate impacts of peat fuel. Previous studies of peat fuel's life-cycle climate impacts were controversial in their interpretation. The aim of this paper is conclusive examination of the issues of LCA methodology, derived from critical review of previous studies and recalculation based on the latest knowledge of greenhouse gas balances related to peat fuel\u2019s utilisation and the radiative forcing impacts of greenhouse gases. The most recent findings on emissions and the gas fluxes between soil, vegetation and atmosphere were used in calculation of the life-cycle climate impacts of the various peat fuel utilisation chains by means of LCA methodology. In the main, the calculation methods and rules were the same as in the previous studies, with the aim being to distinguish the impact of peat fuel\u2019s utilisation from that of the natural or semi-natural situation. A dynamic method was employed for assessing changes in radiative forcing. The results of alternative peat fuel utilisation chains were compared to the corresponding result for coal. There are many steps in peat fuel LCA, where different assumptions lead to different outcomes. Determining the functional unit, reference situations and system boundaries, as well as the emission calculation methods, is important from this point of view. Determination of the initial reference situation emerged as one of the critical points in the calculations. Time scale can strongly affect the final outcomes in a study where effects of long-term land-use change are considered. Each peatland area is unique. The higher the greenhouse gas emissions in the initial reference situation, the greater is the climate impact of the area and the more suitable the area is for peat extraction. The study showed that more greenhouse gas flux measurements are needed, for better assessment of the climate impacts of different potential peat extraction sites. Climate change mitigation requires quick actions, and uncertainties related to emissions are higher for longer time spans. Therefore, it can be concluded that a perspective spanning more than 100\u00a0years is inappropriate in peat fuel's life-cycle climate impact assessments.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0512-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20International%20Journal%20of%20Life%20Cycle%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11367-012-0512-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11367-012-0512-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11367-012-0512-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11367-013-0604-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-03", "title": "Application Of Three Independent Consequential Lca Approaches To The Agricultural Sector In Luxembourg", "description": "Consequential Life Cycle Assessment (C-LCA) is a \u201csystem modelling approach in which activities in a product system are linked so that activities are included in the product system to the extent that they are expected to change as a consequence of a change in demand\u201d. Hence, C-LCA focuses on micro-economic actions linked to macro-economic consequences, by identifying the (marginal) suppliers and technologies prone to be affected by variable scale changes in the demand of a product. Detecting the direct and indirect environmental effects due to changes in the production system is not an easy task. Hence, researchers have combined the consequential perspective with different econometric models. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess an increase in biocrops cultivation in Luxembourg using three different consequential modelling approaches to understand the benefits, drawbacks and assumptions linked to each approach as applied to the case study selected. Firstly, a partial equilibrium (PE) model is used to detect changes in land cultivation based on the farmers\u2019 revenue maximisation. Secondly, another PE model is proposed, which considers a different perspective aiming at minimising a total adaptation cost (so-called opportunity cost) to satisfy a given new demand of domestically produced biofuel. Finally, the consequential system delimitation for agricultural LCA approach, as proposed by Schmidt (Int J Life Cycle Assess 13:350\u2013364, 2008), is applied. The two PE models present complex shifts in crop rotation land use changes (LUCs), linked to the optimisation that is performed, while the remaining approach has limited consequential impact on changes in crop patterns since the expert opinion decision tree constitutes a simplification of the ongoing LUCs. However, environmental consequences in the latter were considerably higher due to intercontinental trade assumptions recommended by the experts that were not accounted for in the economic models. Environmental variations between the different scenarios due to LUCs vary based on the different expert- or computational-based assumptions. Finally, environmental consequences as compared with the current state-of-the-art are lame due to the limited impact of the shock within the global trade market. The use of several consequential modelling approaches within the same study may help widen the interpretation of the advantages or risks of applying a specific change to a production system. In fact, different models may not only be good alternatives in terms of comparability of scenarios and assumptions, but there may also be room for complementing these within a unique framework to reduce uncertainties in an integrated way.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-013-0604-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20International%20Journal%20of%20Life%20Cycle%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11367-013-0604-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11367-013-0604-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11367-013-0604-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11367-022-02044-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-20", "title": "Critical analysis of life cycle inventory datasets for organic crop production systems", "description": "Abstract PurposeOrganic agriculture (OA) has gained widespread popularity due to its view as a more sustainable method of farming. Yet OA and conventional agriculture (CA) can be found to have similar or varying environmental performance using tools such as life cycle assessment (LCA). However, the current state of LCA does not accurately reflect the effects of OA; thus the aim of the present study was to identify gaps in the inventory stage and suggest improvements.
MethodsThis article presents for the first time a critical analysis of the life cycle inventory (LCI) of state-of-the-art organic crop LCIs from current and recommended LCA databases ecoinvent and AGRIBALYSE\uffc2\uffae. The effects of these limitations on LCA results were analyzed and detailed ways to improve upon them were proposed.
Results and discussionThrough this analysis, unrepresentative plant protection product (PPP) manufacturing and organic fertilizer treatment inventories were found to be the main limitations in background processes, due to either the lack of available usage statistics, exclusion from the study, or use of unrepresentative proxies. Many organic crop LCIs used synthetic pesticide or mineral fertilizer proxies, which may indirectly contain OA prohibited chemicals. The effect of using these proxies can contribute between 4\uffe2\uff80\uff9378% to resource and energy-related impact categories. In a foreground analysis, the fertilizer and PPP emission models utilized by ecoinvent and AGRIBALYSE\uffc2\uffae were not well adapted to organic-authorized inputs and used simplified modeling assumptions. These critical aspects can be transferred to respective LCAs that use this data, potentially yielding unrepresentative results for relevant categories. To improve accuracy and to contribute novel data to the scientific community, new manufacturing LCIs were created for a few of the missing PPPs, as well as recommendations for fertilizer treatment LCIs and more precise emission models for PPPs and fertilizers.
ConclusionsThe findings in the present article add much needed transparency regarding the limitations of available OA LCIs, offers guidance on how to make OA LCIs more representative, allow for more accurate comparisons between conventional and OA, and help practitioners to better adapt LCA methodology to OA systems.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "502", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11367-022-02044-x.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-022-02044-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20International%20Journal%20of%20Life%20Cycle%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11367-022-02044-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11367-022-02044-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11367-022-02044-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-009-0100-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-24", "title": "Improvement Of Biochemical And Biological Properties Of Eroded Red Soil By Artificial Revegetation", "description": "Large areas of red soil in southern China are degraded due to improper management in land use change from forest to agricultural crops in 1970s, which has resulted in serious soil erosion. Since 1980s, artificial revegetation has been practiced to restore the productivity and maintain ecological functionality of red soils. Whereas numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the effects of revegetation on soil physical and chemical properties, little information is available on soil microbial responses. The objective of this work was thus to investigate the influence of plant species and growing period on soil biochemical and biological properties. In March 2005, the field trial was set up using two historical revegetation experiments with different plant species established in 1985 (20-year) and in 1993 (12-year). The trial had six vegetation treatments with three replications. The plant species on the trial site included crenate gugertree, Chinese fir, grapefruit, and annual ryegrass. Soil samples (0\u20130.2\u00a0m) were taken from the trial site and analyzed for the soil total organic C (TOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), water-soluble organic C (WSOC), and mineralizable C (MC). The specific ability of soil microbiota to consume a range of C substrates was measured using Biolog ECO microplate. Soil TOC, MBC, MBN, WSOC, and MC were significantly (P\u2009\u2264\u20090.05) enhanced by artificial revegetation treatments. All soil parameters analyzed were improved with the revegetation time when comparing 20-year Chinese fir with 12-year Chinese fir. Soil parameters in 20-year crenate gugertree stand were significantly (P\u2009\u2264\u20090.05) greater than the 20-year Chinese fir. Concentrations of most C forms and MBN in soils of the 12-year ryegrass treatment were generally higher than those of the 12-year Chinese fir and grapefruit treatments. The activities of microbial communities as average well color development measured with Biolog ECO microtiter plate were in the order of 20-year crenate gugertree and 20-year Chinese fir > 12-year Chinese fir and 12-year ryegrass > 12-year grapefruit and the control. The patterns of C utilization obtained from principal component analysis showed that microbial communities from plots with various revegetation duration (20-year site vs 12-year site) separated along the first component (PC1) and with different species along the second component (PC2). Soil biochemical and biological properties were closely related to the types and amount of C source, which were influenced by plant species and revegetation time. Artificial revegetation can effectively enhance the productivity of degraded red soil caused by erosion in subtropical areas of China. The revegetation time was positively related to improvement of soil biological and biochemical properties. Plant species selection can also significantly influence the outcome of artificial revegetation. Among the species used in our study, crenate gugertree and ryegrass can enhance soil biological properties better than the other species.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-009-0100-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-009-0100-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-009-0100-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-009-0100-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11367-012-0465-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-02", "title": "Comparative Lca Of Ethanol Versus Gasoline In Brazil Using Different Lcia Methods", "description": "The main objective of this study is to expand the discussion about how, and to what extent, the environmental performance is affected by the use of different life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) illustrated by the case study of the comparison between environmental impacts of gasoline and ethanol form sugarcane in Brazil. The following LCIA methods have been considered in the evaluation: CML 2001, Impact 2002+, EDIP 2003, Eco-indicator 99, TRACI 2, ReCiPe, and Ecological Scarcity 2006. Energy allocation was used to split the environmental burdens between ethanol and surplus electricity generated at the sugarcane mill. The phases of feedstock and (bio)fuel production, distribution, and use are included in system boundaries. At the midpoint level, comparison of different LCIA methods showed that ethanol presents lower impacts than gasoline in important categories such as global warming, fossil depletion, and ozone layer depletion. However, ethanol presents higher impacts in acidification, eutrophication, photochemical oxidation, and agricultural land use categories. Regarding to single-score indicators, ethanol presented better performance than gasoline using ReCiPe Endpoint LCIA method. Using IMPACT 2002+, Eco-indicator 99, and Ecological Scarcity 2006, higher scores are verified for ethanol, mainly due to the impacts related to particulate emissions and land use impacts. Although there is a relative agreement on the results regarding equivalent environmental impact categories using different LCIA methods at midpoint level, when single-score indicators are considered, use of different LCIA methods lead to different conclusions. Single-score results also limit the interpretability at endpoint level, as a consequence of small contributions of relevant environmental impact categories weighted in a single-score indicator.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0465-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20International%20Journal%20of%20Life%20Cycle%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11367-012-0465-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11367-012-0465-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11367-012-0465-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11367-012-0521-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-29", "title": "Exploring Variability In Methods And Data Sensitivity In Carbon Footprints Of Feed Ingredients", "description": "Production of feed is an important contributor to life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, or carbon footprints (CFPs), of livestock products. Consequences of methodological choices and data sensitivity on CFPs of feed ingredients were explored to improve comparison and interpretation of CFP studies. Methods and data for emissions from cultivation and processing, land use (LU), and land use change (LUC) were analyzed. For six ingredients (maize, wheat, palm kernel expeller, rapeseed meal, soybean meal, and beet pulp), CFPs resulting from a single change in methods and data were compared with a reference CFP, i.e., based on IPCC Tier 1 methods, and data from literature. Results show that using more detailed methods to compute N2O emissions from cultivation hardly affected reference CFPs, except for methods to determine leaching (contributing to indirect N2O emissions) in which the influence is about -7 to +12 %. Overall, CFPs appeared most sensitive to changes in crop yield and applied synthetic fertilizer N. The inclusion of LULUC emissions can change CFPs considerably, i.e., up to 877 %. The level of LUC emissions per feed ingredient highly depends on the method chosen, as well as on assumptions on area of LUC, C stock levels (mainly aboveground C and soil C), and amortization period. We concluded that variability in methods and data can significantly affect CFPs of feed ingredients and hence CFPs of livestock products. Transparency in methods and data is therefore required. For harmonization, focus should be on methods to calculate leaching and emissions from LULUC. It is important to consider LUC in CFP studies of food, feed, and bioenergy products.", "keywords": ["INDICATORS", "life-cycle assessment", "571", "egg-production systems", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "NETHERLANDS", "milk-production", "netherlands", "EGG-PRODUCTION SYSTEMS", "MITIGATION", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "land-use change", "mitigation", "Methods", "deforestation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Feed ingredients", "2. Zero hunger", "GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS", "Livestock products", "0402 animal and dairy science", "LAND-USE CHANGE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Feed production", "15. Life on land", "greenhouse-gas emissions", "Carbon footprint", "indicators", "pig production", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT", "PIG PRODUCTION", "13. Climate action", "Inventory data", "DEFORESTATION", "MILK-PRODUCTION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0521-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20International%20Journal%20of%20Life%20Cycle%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11367-012-0521-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11367-012-0521-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11367-012-0521-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-009-0122-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-23", "title": "Effects Of Vegetation Restoration And Slope Positions On Soil Aggregation And Soil Carbon Accumulation On Heavily Eroded Tropical Land Of Southern China", "description": "Background aim and scope Soil organic carbon (SOC) accumulation is strongly affected by soil erosion and deposition that differ at slope positions of a watershed. However, studies on the effects of topography on soil aggregation and SOC dynamics, especially after the implementation of vegetation restoration, are rare. Poorly understood mechanisms and a lack of quantification for the suite of ecological benefits brought by the impacts of topography after planting further obstructed our understanding of terrestrial ecosystem carbon (C) sequestration. The purposes of this study are to (1) quantify the impacts of vegetation restoration on size and stability of soil aggregates and the sequestration of C in soil and (2) to address the impacts of various slope locations on aggregates and SOC distribution. Materials and methods The experimental sites were set up in 1959 on a highly disturbed barren land in a tropical and coastal area of Guangdong province in South China. One site received human-induced vegetation restoration (the restored site), while the other received no planting and has remained as barren land (the barren site). The soil in the study sites was a latosol developed from granite. Soil samples were taken from 0 to 20 and 20 to 40 cm soil layer at shoulder and toe slope positions at both sites for comparisons. Soils were analyzed for proportion of soil macroaggregates (>0.25 mm), the SOC in soil layers, and the aggregate soil organic carbon (AOC) at different", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shuguang Liu, Shuguang Liu, Juxiu Liu, Xinyi Tang, Guoyi Zhou,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-009-0122-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-009-0122-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-009-0122-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-009-0122-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-010-0191-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-02", "title": "Soil Soluble Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Pools Under Mono- And Mixed Species Forest Ecosystems In Subtropical China", "description": "Purpose The objective of the present study was to assess the differences in soil total C and N, microbial biomass C and N, soil soluble organic C and N among eight mono- and mixed species forest ecosystems (18-year-old restoration) in subtropical China.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "Agricultural", "570", "veterinary and food sciences", "550", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil sciences not elsewhere classified"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-010-0191-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-010-0191-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-010-0191-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-010-0191-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-010-0308-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-22", "title": "Microbial Functional Diversity, Metabolic Quotient, And Invertase Activity Of A Sandy Loam Soil As Affected By Long-Term Application Of Organic Amendment And Mineral Fertilizer", "description": "Organic and inorganic fertilizers are used primarily to increase nutrient availability to plants. Monitoring balanced versus unbalanced fertilization effects on soil microbes could improve our understanding of soil biochemical processes and thus help us to develop sound management strategies. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term fertilization regimes on soil microbial community functional diversity, metabolic activity, and metabolic quotient and to find out the main factors that influence these parameters. A long-term fertilization experiment established in a sandy loam soil at northern China has received continuous fertilization treatments for more than 20\u00a0years, including control, mineral fertilizers of NK, PK, NP, and NPK, organic amendment (OA), and half organic amendment plus half mineral fertilizer (1/2 OM). Top soil samples (0\u201315\u00a0cm) from four individual plots per treatment were collected for the analysis of chemical properties and microbial parameters. Microbial biomass C was analyzed using the fumigation\u2013extraction method. Invertase activity and basal respiration were determined based on incubation method. Then, the microbial metabolic quotient was calculated as the ratio of basal respiration to microbial biomass C. To this end, microbial functional diversity was evaluated using the community level physiological profile method by Biolog Eco-microplate. Higher microbial biomass C, invertase activity, and basal respiration, but lower microbial metabolic quotient, were observed in P-fertilized soils, and OA had significantly greater (P\u2009<\u20090.05) impacts on the biomass, activity, and quotient compared with mineral fertilizers. Both the sole-carbon-source utilization activity and the functional diversity of soil microbial community were significantly increased (P\u2009<\u20090.05) by balanced fertilization (NPK, OA, or 1/2 OM), and species richness of community and relative abundance of the most common species in the K-deficient (NP) treatment were also significantly increased (P\u2009<\u20090.05). Principal component analysis and redundancy analysis showed that both organic and mineral fertilizers could affect microbial parameters by increasing soil organic C contents, and P was the key factor to increase soil microbial diversity and soil fertility. Long-term balanced fertilization greatly increased soil microbial biomass, functional diversity, and invertase activity and played an important role in decreasing soil microbial metabolic quotient, while P could be considered as the key factor to control soil microbial diversity as well as soil fertility. With regard to the different effects of OA and mineral fertilizer on soil organic C contents and root exudates, combined application of mineral and organic fertilizers is recommended in the region.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-010-0308-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-010-0308-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-010-0308-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-010-0308-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-011-0382-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-23", "title": "In Situ Phytoremediation Of Pah-Contaminated Soil By Intercropping Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) With Tall Fescue (Festuca Arundinacea Schreb.) And Associated Soil Microbial Activity", "description": "Purpose A 7-month field experiment was conducted to investigate the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) remediation potential of two plant species and changes in counts of soil PAH-degrading bacteria and microbial activity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1904", "Stratigraphy", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1913", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Earth-Surface Processes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-011-0382-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-011-0382-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-011-0382-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-011-0382-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-011-0440-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-28", "title": "Impacts Of Plantation Forest Management On Soil Organic Matter Quality", "description": "Purpose Light fraction soil organic matter is characterized by rapid mineralization due to the labile nature of its chemical constituents and to the lack of protection by soil colloids. The changes in the size of light fraction soil organic matter constituents are useful early indicators of management-related carbon (C) and nutrient changes. However, previous studies have not assessed the impacts of forest management practices on the chemical composition and sources of organic matter in the light fraction. The change in the chemistry of light fraction soil organic matter may significantly affect turnover rate of organic matter in the whole soil and soil fertility. The aim of this study was to assess how different forest management practices would affect the chemical composition of light fraction soil organic matter.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-011-0440-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-011-0440-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-011-0440-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-011-0440-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-012-0477-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-07", "title": "Predicting Long-Term Organic Carbon Dynamics In Organically Amended Soils Using The Cqestr Model", "description": "Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["C. SEQUESTRATION; CROP RESIDUE AND MANURE; MODELING; ORGANIC AMENDMENT; SOIL ORGANIC MATTER", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "C sequestration | Crop residue | Manure | Modeling | Organic amendment | Soil organic matter", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-012-0477-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-012-0477-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-012-0477-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-012-0477-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-02-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-012-0518-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-16", "title": "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Community Structure And Diversity In Response To 3-Year Conservation Tillage Management In A Sandy Loam Soil In North China", "description": "Purpose Modern agricultural science has greatly reduced the use of tillage. Monitoring conservation versus conventional tillage effects on soil microbes could improve our understanding of soil biochemical processes and thus help us to develop sound management strategies. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of conservation tillage on the spore community structure and the diversity of soil arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and to find out the main factors that influence these parameters.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-012-0518-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-012-0518-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-012-0518-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-012-0518-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-012-0512-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-11", "title": "Effects Of Cultivation And Abandonment On Soil Carbon Content Of Subalpine Meadows, Northwest China", "description": "Land use changes have a significant impact on soil carbon emission and sequestration worldwide. Accurate evaluation of the effect of land use change (cultivation and abandonment) on soil carbon content of subalpine meadows is required to monitor the soil carbon dynamics of rangeland ecosystems in China. Based on collection of soil cores and vegetation, investigations of four types of land use (undisturbed natural meadow, land cultivated for 20\u00a0years, land abandoned for 3\u00a0years following cultivation, and land abandoned for 10\u00a0years following cultivation) were undertaken in the headwater area of the Heihe River in northwest China. Three soil carbon fractions [soil organic carbon (SOC), light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), and microorganism biomass carbon (MBC)] were determined in the laboratory, and the relative abundances of LFOC/SOC and MBC/SOC were calculated. Repeated cultivation by ploughing reduced the carbon content of the top soil layer, resulting in more uniform vertical distribution of soil organic matter. Ten years after cessation of cultivation, the organic carbon content within the top 10-cm soil layer (0\u201310\u00a0cm) had reached 90\u00a0% of the content in native meadows, equivalent to a mean annual sequestration rate of 1.73\u00a0t\u2009C\u00a0ha\u22121. The rate of LFOC restoration was faster than that of SOC restoration. The variation in the ratio of MBC to SOC (0.91\u20131.07\u00a0%) was small. The activity of cultivation reduced all indicators of soil carbon status, which were not completely restored to the level of natural meadow, even after abandonment of cultivation for 10\u00a0years. Nevertheless, abandonment of cultivation is a practical, even if long-term, means of improving carbon sequestration in subalpine meadow of China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jingjuan Cao, Ruiying Guo, Zhanhuan Shang, Zhanhuan Shang, Ruijun Long,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-012-0512-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-012-0512-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-012-0512-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-012-0512-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-012-0529-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-02", "title": "Soil Carbon Dioxide Emission From Intensively Cultivated Black Soil In Northeast China: Nitrogen Fertilization Effect", "description": "Purpose The aim of this study was to understand the effect of nitrogen fertilization on soil respiration and native soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition and to identify the key factor affecting soil respiration in a cultivated black soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-012-0529-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-012-0529-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-012-0529-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-012-0529-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-013-0664-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-25", "title": "Soil Microbial Biomass And Bacterial And Fungal Community Structures Responses To Long-Term Fertilization In Paddy Soils", "description": "Long-term fertilization can influence soil biological properties and relevant soil ecological processes with implications for sustainable agriculture. This study determined the effects of long-term (>25\u00a0years) no fertilizer (CK), chemical fertilizers (NPK) and NPK combined with rice straw residues (NPKS) on soil bacterial and fungal community structures and corresponding changes in soil quality. Soil samples were collected from a long-term field site in Wangcheng County established in 1981 in subtropical China between mid summer and early autumn of 2009. Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) and the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (real-time qPCR) of bacterial and fungal community and microbial biomass (MB-C, -N and -P) were analyzed. Redundancy analysis of the T-RFLP data indicated that fertilization management modified and selected microbial populations. Of the measured soil physiochemical properties, soil organic carbon was the most dominant factors influencing bacterial and fungal communities. The bacterial and fungal diversity and abundance all showed increasing trends over time (>25\u00a0years) coupling with the increasing in SOC, total N, available N, total P, and Olsen P in the fertilized soils. Compared to chemical fertilizer, NPKS resulted in the greater richness and biodiversity of the total microbial community, soil organic C, total N, MB-C, -N and -P. The high biodiversity of microbial populations in NPKS was a clear indication of good soil quality, and also indicated higher substrate use efficiency and better soil nutrient supplementation. Otherwise, unfertilized treatment may have a soil P limitation as indicated by the high soil microbial biomass N: P ratio. Our results suggest that NPKS could be recommended as a method of increasing the sustainability of paddy soil ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0664-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-013-0664-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-013-0664-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-013-0664-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-013-0731-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-14", "title": "Methane And Nitrous Oxide Emissions As Affected By Organic\u2013Inorganic Mixed Fertilizer From A Rice Paddy In Southeast China", "description": "The effects of commercial compost fertilizer application on trace gas emissions are not well understood due to a lack of field experiments. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) along with grain yield from a rice paddy as affected by different organic\u2013inorganic mixed fertilizer (OIMF) treatments. A field experiment was initiated in 2006 with chemical compound fertilizer (CF) and three OIMF amendments including pig manure compost (PMC), Chinese medicine residue compost (CMC), and rapeseed cake compost (RCC), from a rice paddy in southeast China. The emissions of CH4 and N2O were simultaneously measured using the static opaque chamber method over the entire rice growing season in 2011. Soil biotic parameters were measured in soil collected after the rice was harvested in 2011. Relative to the control, the OIMF treatments significantly increased CH4 emissions by 56\u201399\u00a0%, mainly due to exogenous organic substrate input, whereas no difference was observed in the CF treatment. The N2O emissions were stimulated substantially by an average of 40\u00a0% due to nitrogen fertilization compared with the control. Consecutive OIMF application tended to increase the grain yield, making it marginally higher than that of the CF treatment (7\u00a0%, P\u2009=\u20090.06). Compared with the control, the CF treatment slightly decreased the global warming potential and greenhouse gas (GHG) intensity, while they were remarkably increased in the OIMF treatments. Over the 5-year period of 2006\u20132011, the annual soil carbon sequestration rate was estimated to be 1.19\u00a0t C ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 for the control and 1.73\u20131.98\u00a0t C ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 for the fertilized treatments. Our results suggest that despite the beneficial effects of increasing both grain yield and soil organic matter, OIMF application such as PMC, CMC, and RCC may be responsible for increased global warming due mainly to the stimulated CH4 emissions. This effect should be thus taken into account when balancing agricultural production and GHG mitigation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0731-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-013-0731-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-013-0731-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-013-0731-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-013-0738-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-17", "title": "Effects Of Biochars Derived From Different Feedstocks And Pyrolysis Temperatures On Soil Physical And Hydraulic Properties", "description": "Biochar addition to soils potentially affects various soil properties, and these effects are dependent on biochars derived from different feedstock materials and pyrolysis processes. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of amendment of different biochars on soil physical and hydraulic properties. Biochars were produced with dairy manure and woodchip at temperatures of 300, 500, and 700\u00a0\u00b0C, respectively. Each biochar was mixed at 5\u00a0% (w/w) with a forest soil, and the mixture was incubated for 180\u00a0days, during which soil physical and hydraulic properties were measured. Results showed that the biochar addition significantly enhanced the formation of soil macroaggregates at the early incubation time. The biochar application significantly reduced soil bulk density, increased the amount of soil organic matter, and stimulated microbial activity at the early incubation stage. Saturated hydraulic conductivities of the soil with biochars, especially produced at high pyrolysis temperature, were higher than those without biochars on the sampling days. The treatments with woodchip biochars resulted in higher saturated hydraulic conductivities than the dairy manure biochar treatments. Biochar applications improved water retention capacity, with stronger effects by biochars produced at higher pyrolysis temperatures. At the same suction, the soil with woodchip biochars possessed higher water content than that with the dairy manure biochars. Biochar addition significantly affected the soil physical and hydraulic properties. The effects were different with biochars derived from different feedstock materials and pyrolysis temperatures.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ouyang Lei, Renduo Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0738-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-013-0738-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-013-0738-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-013-0738-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-013-0716-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-14", "title": "Influence Of Water Management On The Mobility And Fate Of Copper In Rice Field Soil", "description": "Purpose With widely applied water-saving irrigation techniques, the transformation and availabilities of copper (Cu) as both a micronutrient and a toxic metal are changed. However, little information is available on the binding forms, bioavailability, and fate of Cu in paddy fields with different irrigation management. Thus, we investigated the effects of irrigation management on the binding forms and the fate of Cu in a non-polluted paddy soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shihong Yang, Junzeng Xu, Shizhang Peng, Yanmei Yu, Qi Wei,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0716-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-013-0716-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-013-0716-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-013-0716-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-013-0732-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-14", "title": "Responses Of Methane Emissions And Rice Yield To Applications Of Biochar And Straw In A Paddy Field", "description": "Purpose Directly returning straw back to the paddy field would significantly accelerate methane (CH4) emission, although it may conserve and sustain soil productivity. The application of biochar (biomass-derived charcoal) in soil has been proposed as a sustainable technology to reduce methane (CH4) emission and increase crop yield. We compared the effects of either biochar or rice straw addition with a paddy field on CH4 emission and rice yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0732-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-013-0732-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-013-0732-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-013-0732-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-013-0741-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-18", "title": "Stability And Saturation Of Soil Organic Carbon In Rice Fields: Evidence From A Long-Term Fertilization Experiment In Subtropical China", "description": "Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in croplands plays a critical role in climate change mitigation and food security, whereas the stability and saturation of the sequestered SOC have not been well understood yet, particularly in rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effect of inorganic fertilization alone or combined with organic amendments on SOC stability in a double rice cropping system, and to characterize the saturation behavior of the total SOC and its fractions in the paddy soil. Soils were collected from a long-term field experiment in subtropical China where different fertilization regimes have been carried out for 31\u00a0years. The total SOC pool was separated into four fractions, characteristic of different turnover rates through chemical fractionation. Annual organic carbon (C) inputs were also estimated by determining the C content in crop residues and organic amendments. Relative to the initial level, long-term double rice cropping without any fertilizer application significantly increased SOC concentration, suggesting that double rice cropping facilitates the storage and accumulation of SOC. The partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers with organic amendments significantly increased total SOC concentration compared to the unfertilized control. Total SOC increased significantly with greater C inputs and did not show any saturation behavior. Increased SOC was primarily stored in the labile fraction with input from organic amendments. However, other less labile SOC fractions showed no further increase with greater C inputs exhibiting C saturation. While the paddy soil holds a high potential for SOC sequestration, stable C fractions saturate with increasing C inputs, and thus, additional C inputs mainly accumulate in labile soil C pools.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Weijian Zhang, Yanni Sun, Shan Huang, Xichu Yu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0741-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-013-0741-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-013-0741-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-013-0741-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-013-0800-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-14", "title": "Four Swedish Long-Term Field Experiments With Sewage Sludge Reveal A Limited Effect On Soil Microbes And On Metal Uptake By Crops", "description": "This study aims to study the effect of sewage sludge amendment on crop yield and on microbial biomass and community structure in Swedish agricultural soils. Topsoil samples (0\u20130.20\u00a0m depth) from four sites where sewage sludge had been repeatedly applied during 14\u201353\u00a0years were analysed for total C, total N, pH and phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Heavy metals were analysed in both soil and plant samples, and crop yields were recorded. At all four sites, sewage sludge application increased crop yield and soil organic carbon. Sludge addition also resulted in elevated concentrations of some heavy metals (mainly Cu and Zn) in soils, but high concentrations of metals (Ni and Zn) in plant materials were almost exclusively found in the oldest experiment, started in 1956. PLFA analysis showed that the microbial community structure was strongly affected by changes in soil pH. At those sites where sewage sludge had caused low pH, Gram-positive bacteria were more abundant. However, differences in community structure were larger between sites than between the treatments. At all four sites, long-term sewage sludge application increased the soil organic carbon and nitrogen content, microbial biomass and crop yield. Long-term sewage sludge application led to a decrease in soil pH. Concentrations of some metals had increased significantly with sewage sludge application at all sites, but the amounts of metals added to soil with sewage sludge were found not to be toxic for microbes at any site.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Microbiology (Microbiology in the medical area to be 30109)", "13. Climate action", "Other Agricultural Sciences not elsewhere specified", "Soil Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/11507/1/borjesson_et_al_141007.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0800-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-013-0800-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-013-0800-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-013-0800-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-013-0775-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-02", "title": "Hot Water Extractable Phosphorus Pools As Indicators Of Soil P Responses To Harvest Residue Management In An Exotic Pine Plantation Of Subtropical Australia", "description": "Purpose This study evaluated the potential of using hot water extractable phosphorus (P) pools as a method to assess the impacts of harvest residue management on the bioavailability of P in an exotic pine plantation of southeast Queensland, Australia.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "Soil chemistry and soil carbon sequestration (excl. carbon sequestration science)", "Agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0775-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-013-0775-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-013-0775-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-013-0775-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-013-0806-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-18", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Biochar And The Earthworm Pontoscolex Corethrurus On Plant Productivity And Soil Enzyme Activities", "description": "There is a growing interest in the use of soil enzymes as early indicators of soil quality change under contrasting agricultural management practices. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the use of biochar to improve soil properties and thus soil quality. In addition, earthworms can also be used to ameliorate soil properties. However, there is no literature available on how biochar and earthworms interact and affect soil enzymes. The general objective of the present study was to test the suitability of adding biochar and earthworms in two tropical soils with low fertility status in order to improve their characteristics and productivity. Biochars were prepared from four different materials [sewage sludge (B1), deinking sewage sludge (B2), Miscanthus (B3) and pine wood (B4)] on two tropical soils (an Acrisol and a Ferralsol) planted with proso millet (Panicum milliaceum L.). In addition, in order to investigate the interaction between earthworms and biochar, earthworm Pontoscolex corethrurus was added to half of the mesocosms, while excluded in the remaining half. The activities of invertase, \u03b2-glucosidase, \u03b2-glucosaminidase, urease, phosphomonoesterase and arylsulphatase were determined. The geometric mean of the assayed enzymes (GMea) was used as an integrative soil quality index. Overall, earthworms and especially biochar had a positive effect on soil quality. GMea showed B1, B2 and B3 performing better than B4; however, results were soil specific. Plant productivity increased under both biochar and earthworm addition. Fruit productivity and plant growth was enhanced by B1 and B2 but not by B3 or B4. Enhancements of productivity and soil enzymatic activities are possible in the presence of earthworms and the combination of the practices earthworm and biochar addition can be suggested in low fertility tropical soils. However, scientists should proceed carefully in the selection of biochars as the results of this study show a high specificity in the biochar\u2013soil interaction.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0806-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-013-0806-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-013-0806-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-013-0806-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-013-0840-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-20", "title": "Impact Of Long-Term Application Of Manure, Crop Residue, And Mineral Fertilizer On Organic Carbon Pools And Crop Yields In A Mollisol", "description": "Purpose While the influence of integrated fertility management systems on yield and N cycling in Mollisols is documented, its effect on soil C sequestration remains to be determined. We examined the response of organic C pools and crop yields to 21 years\u2019 organic amendments applied at relatively low rates in a high-C Mollisol to optimize win\u2013win management practices that balance agronomic and environmental interests.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-013-0840-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-013-0840-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-013-0840-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-013-0840-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-014-1032-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-01", "title": "Differences In Responses Of Soil Microbial Properties And Trifoliate Orange Seedling To Biochar Derived From Three Feedstocks", "description": "The aim of the study was to examine the remediation effect of biochar derived from three feedstocks on soil acidification. The effects of biochar derived from peanut hull, rice straw and rape straw on soil acidity, chemical and microbial properties, nutrients absorption, and growth of orange seedlings planted in an acidic soil were studied in a greenhouse experiment. Soil pH was increased 0.70, 0.92, and 0.63 by peanut hull, rice straw, and rape straw biochars. However, only peanut hull biochar significantly increased plant growth and the biomass of trifoliate orange seedlings. Soil microbial biomass C and basal respiration were increased by peanut hull and rice straw biochar, and the geometric mean of enzyme activities (GMea) were increased by the three biochars, peanut hull biochar result in the highest increase. Rice straw and rape straw biochars had more abundant mineral nutrient, led to greater influence on soil and plant nutrient contents than peanut hull biochar. However, peanut hull biochar resulted in higher plant nutrients accumulation due to the improvement of plant biomass. Although the three biochars effectively neutralized soil acidity, only peanut hull biochar raised plant growth and the biomass of orange seedlings significantly, and the increase of soil microbial properties and enzyme activity would be the key factors for the improvement of plant growth.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chengxiao Hu, Xiaohu Zhao, Xuecheng Sun, Wei-Nan Zeng, Hui-Ping Gui, Cang-Song Zheng, Ying Zhang, Qiling Tan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-1032-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-014-1032-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-014-1032-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-014-1032-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-014-1002-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-14", "title": "Effect Of Biochar Addition On C Mineralisation And Soil Organic Matter Priming In Two Subsoil Horizons", "description": "The impact of biochar on subsoil organic carbon mineralisation has never been assessed despite its susceptibility to downward transport after soil amendment. In this study, we analysed the potential mineralisation of biochar and plant material as well as their effect on native soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition in subsoil horizons. We used 13C-labelled biochar and plant material to allow disentangling substrate mineralisation and priming effects. The substrates were added to two mountain subsoils under different land use and incubated for 1\u00a0year under optimum conditions. We analysed for physical parameters and C mineralisation in the two soils. Moreover, microbial communities were assessed by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses. Our results indicated contrasting potential C mineralisation of subsoils under different land use probably related to sampling depth, contribution of stabilised organic matter compounds, carbon content as well as quality. In general, very low proportions of biochar were mineralised in the two soils as compared to plant material. The mineralisation of each of the added substrates (biochar and plant material) was slightly, but significantly different in the two soils. Native C mineralisation was much higher after plant material addition than after biochar addition. Subsoil type influenced the kind and magnitude of priming effects for both added substrates. Biochar mineralisation and its priming effects in subsoil are small as compared to uncharred plant litter. We suggest that substrate mineralization and priming effects induced on subsoil organic matter are dependent on the composition of the added substrate, as well as soil parameters rather than microbial community characteristics.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "mineralisation", "13. Climate action", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "subsoil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "(13)C-labelled biochar", "priming", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-1002-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-014-1002-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-014-1002-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-014-1002-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-06", "title": "Characterization Of The Amino Acid Composition Of Soils Under Organic And Conventional Management After Addition Of Different Fertilizers", "description": "The classical nitrogen (N) cycling model has provided good understanding of inorganic N dynamics in agricultural soils, but largely ignores organic N available to plants. The ability of numerous crop plant species to take up and use amino acids underlines the importance of this N pool in agricultural systems; therefore, the soil free amino acids (FAA) pool was quantified in soils under organic (organic soil) and conventional (conventional soil) management after addition of different types of fertilizer. After application of the same amount of N as urea, alfalfa, rice straw, or compost\u00a0in the organic soils and urea or alfalfa in the conventional soils, water-extractable amino acid composition and concentrations, and inorganic and microbial N were measured during a 56 day soil incubation. Alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, serine, tryptophan, and valine were the most abundant soil FAA. Organic and conventional soils did not significantly differ in their soil FAA composition and concentrations. Urea significantly modified FAA composition, but only in organic soils, suggesting that urea disrupts microbial structure and/or metabolic pathways in organic soils. Alfalfa and compost did not alter FAA composition and concentrations, indicating that any pulses of amino acids from these materials are short lived. On the contrary, straw significantly increased FAA concentrations after 15\u00a0days, coinciding with an increase in microbial biomass N. FAA concentrations remain low and have a largely constant composition in both organic and conventional soils; however, the addition of some fertilizers can significantly alter FAA composition and concentrations, which may affect the importance of amino acid N in the total N budget of plants. These findings warrant further research into the mechanisms controlling soil FAA composition and concentration in agricultural soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Mineralization", "Matter", "Forest Soils", "Field", "Availability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "910", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "630", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Wheat", "Sorption", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitrogen Forms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-014-1049-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-015-1210-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-03", "title": "Effects Of Pasture Management On Soil Fertility And Microbial Communities In The Semi-Arid Grasslands Of Inner Mongolia", "description": "Grasslands are an important ecosystem covering about a quarter of the earth\u2019s surface. Different management practices of grassland ecosystems can have a major impact on the sustainability of these ecosystems. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of different pasture management practices on soil properties and microbial communities in the semi-arid grassland ecosystem in Inner Mongolia. Long-term experimental plots were established in the semi-arid grasslands of Inner Mongolia to study the effect of different grazing practices on soil properties and microbial communities. The treatments included (1) enclosure from grazing since 1983 (E83), (2) enclosure from grazing since 1996 (E96), and (3) continuous free grazing (FG). We collected the soil samples from these treatments to study soil properties and microbial biomass abundance and diversity. An incubation study was also conducted using soils from E96 and FG treatments to determine the growth responses of ammonia oxidizers to urea addition. Soil organic matter and total N increased when the grassland was enclosed from grazing, but soil fertility did not increase further with continued enclosure extending from 1996 to 1983. Enclosure also increased microbial biomass but did not significantly affect the microbial diversity. Both ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) grew when supplied with urea-N, but the growth rate was higher in the soil from FG than in the soils from enclosed areas. The phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) of bacteria i15:0, 16:1 \u03c97c, 16:1 \u03c95c, 16:0, 18:1 \u03c97c, and actinomycetes 10-Me-16:0 used the most of the 13C-urea in both the E83 and FG soils. There was higher incorporation of 13C in PLFA 16:0 in the E83 soil after 3 and 7\u00a0days incubation, compared with the FG soil, suggesting higher metabolic activity in the E83 soil than the soil from the FG treatment. Most of the effects by the different pasture management practices were confined to the surface soil (0\u201320\u00a0cm), and there was minimal effect in the subsoils (below 20\u00a0cm). These results suggest that enclosure of grassland from grazing not only affects soil fertility but also microbial biomass and ammonia-oxidizing populations. Microbial communities are sensitive to pasture management changes, and these have implications to nutrient cycling and management in these grassland ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1210-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-015-1210-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-015-1210-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-015-1210-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-015-1320-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-08", "title": "Differential Responses Of Soil Bacterial Taxa To Long-Term P, N, And Organic Manure Application", "description": "Soil microorganisms and their interactions with environmental factors govern critical ecosystem processes. However, the changes of soil microbial communities (e.g., relative abundance changes of different phylotypes) and the links between specific environmental factors and microbial communities are not well understood. We applied high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons to investigate the effects of mineral fertilizers P (superphosphate), N (urea), and NP and organic manure fertilizer (M) and its combined with mineral fertilizers (NM, PM, NPM) on bacterial and archaeal communities in rain-fed winter wheat soils in a 30-year experiment in the Loess Plateau of northwest China. Dramatic changes of soil respiration and the concentrations of total organic C, total N, and microbial biomass C and N were found in manure application soils (M, NM, PM, NPM) and some of them in NP soil. Soil microbial community structure shifted after fertilization, and a significant difference of prokaryotic community structure was found between mineral fertilizer soils (P, N, and NP) and manure application soils (M, NM, PM, NPM) except the soils between PM and P. The prokaryotic community structure in M soil was different from that in NM and NPM soils and differed between N and P and NP soils. Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the predominant phyla (55.5\u201376.5\u00a0% of abundance) and, together with some other phyla, were changed by fertilization at the phylum or lower taxon ranks. No fertilizer soil had the highest relative abundances of phyla WS3 and Gemmatimonadetes. P soil changed the relative abundances of phyla Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Verrucomicrobia, but only enriched the bacteria at the family level (Micrococcaceae) when combined with N or M application (NP, PM, and NPM). Some copiotrophic bacteria showed different responses to nitrogen and manure applications, e.g., Actinobacteria increased in abundance in nitrogen application soils (N, NP, NM, and NPM), whereas Bacteroidetes and Gammaproteobacteria increased in abundance in manure application soils (M, NM, PM, and NPM). The above patterns of the relative abundance vs nitrogen or manure application were correlated to soil C and N contents or C/N ratio. These results supported the hypothesis that different bacterial taxa would be favorable in P, N, and manure application soils and suggested that the changes of bacteria taxa in fertilized soils appeared to be more driven by nitrogen and manure applications than P application.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hongfei Ji, Ying Wang, Changqing Gao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1320-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-015-1320-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-015-1320-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-015-1320-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-31", "title": "Co-Application Of Biochar And Lignite Fly Ash On Soil Nutrients And Biological Parameters At Different Crop Growth Stages Of Zea Mays", "description": "Abstract Worldwide, the fly ash, generated in huge quantities from thermal power plants is a menace, especially its handling and disposal. Utilization of fly ash as a soil amendment to improve soil quality has received a great deal of attention. Co-application of biochar with fly ash may further enhance soil quality and crop productivity. Field experiment was conducted in an acidic red soil, from Dhanbad, India, to investigate the effects of lignite fly ash (LFA) and biochar (BC) on soil nutrients, biological properties, and the yield of Zea mays. The treatments were (i) control, (ii) BC (4\u00a0t/ha), (iii) LFA (4\u00a0t/ha), and (iv) BC (2\u00a0t/ha)\u00a0+\u00a0LFA (2\u00a0t/ha). Soil samples were collected at three different crop stages of maize (vegetative, taselling and grain filling) and analyzed for pH, EC, organic carbon, N, P, K, soil enzymes, microbial biomass, and respiration. Soil bulk density and water holding capacity measured after the harvest of crop were not affected by the treatments. Soil P (+110%) and K (+64%) contents increased by LFA\u00a0+\u00a0BC application due to the presence of plant nutrient in BC and LFA. Soil enzymes like dehydrogenase activity (+60.7%), alkaline phosphatase (+32.2%), fluorescein hydrolases activity (12.3%) and microbial biomass (+25.3%) increased due to co-application of LFA and BC probably due to the pH-buffering and sorption of the organic matter to mineral surfaces to create a more reactive network for water, air and nutrient interactions in the soil. Available heavy metal (Zn, Ni, Co, Cu, Cd, and Pb) contents in soil decreased by LFA\u00a0+\u00a0BC application due to surface adsorption and precipitation caused by increase in soil pH. Maize grain yield increased by 11.4% for BC, 28.1% for BC\u00a0+\u00a0LFA treatment, and the yield was not significantly affected for the LFA alone treatment. Regression analysis showed soil P as the major factor for the increase in crop yield.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Md. A. Ansari, Lal C. Ram, Joshy George, V. A. Selvi, R. Ebhin Masto,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-015-1278-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-03", "title": "Change In The Abundance And Community Composition Of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria And Archaea At Soil Aggregate Level As Native Pasture Converted To Cropland In A Semiarid Alpine Steppe Of Central Asia", "description": "The study aimed to improve understanding of the transformation of N in the Ili River Valley by investigating the abundance and community composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) under different land uses at bulk soil and aggregate levels. Soil samples were collected from plots of three types of land use, i.e., native pasture (NP), conventional farming (CF), and organic farming (OF). Soil aggregates were separated using wet-sieving method. The abundance and structure of AOB and AOA communities were assessed by qPCR and DGGE, respectively. Compared with CF, OF and NP both increased soil TN and SOC stock but via contrasting mechanisms. The abundance of AOB under cropland uses\u00a0(CF and OF) was higher than those of NP. The AOB sequences, belonging to Nitrosospira cluster 1, which is adaptable to high mineral N content in cold region, increased in CF than in other land uses. Conversion of NP to cropland did not affect the abundance, but the community structure of AOA. The abundance of AOB and AOA in large macroaggregate and silt and clay aggregate were significantly lower than those in small macroaggregate under cropland uses. In cropland, the small macroaggregate provided the microenvironment for the growth of AOB and AOA, thereby serving as a potential hotspot for ammonia oxidation. Reclamation of grassland to cropland significantly increased the AOB abundance, and shifted the community structure and spatial distribution variation of AOB and AOA at the soil aggregates. The results indicated that soil N cycle could be substantially altered and this should be well integrated in the improvement of regional land utilization.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1278-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-015-1278-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-015-1278-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-015-1278-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-015-1349-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-15", "title": "Biochar Addition Drives Soil Aggregation And Carbon Sequestration In Aggregate Fractions From An Intensive Agricultural System", "description": "Biochar application is deemed to modify soil properties, but current research has been mostly conducted on the degraded land in tropical regions. Using six consecutive years of biochar field trial, we investigated effects of biochar on soil aggregates, structural stability, and soil organic carbon (SOC) and black C (BC) concentrations in aggregate fractions. The findings have important implications in managing soil structure and SOC sequestration in high fertility soils of the temperate areas. The study had four treatments: control; biochar rate at 4.5 (B4.5) and biochar rate at 9.0\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 (B9.0); and straw return (SR). Soil samples were collected from 0\u201310-cm layer, and aggregate size distribution was determined with the wet-sieving method. Then, the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates and the aggregate ratio (AR), i.e., the ratio of the >250\u00a0\u03bcm to the 53\u2013250\u00a0\u03bcm size were calculated to assess the structural stability. Total SOC and BC concentrations in bulk soil ( 2000, 250\u20132000, 53\u2013250, and 2000, 250\u20132000, and 53\u2013250\u00a0\u03bcm) and BC in extracted fractions under biochar soils were observed. These results implied that biochar addition enhanced both native SOC and BC physical protection by aggregation. Biochar application is effective in mediating soil aggregation, and thus improves both native SOC and BC stabilization in an intensive cropping system of North China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yiding Wang, Zhangliu Du, Jian-Kun Zhao, Qingzhong Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-015-1349-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-015-1349-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-015-1349-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-015-1349-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-016-1602-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-24", "title": "Plant-Soil Interaction Affects The Mineralization Of Soil Organic Carbon: Evidence From 73-Year-Old Plantations With Three Coniferous Tree Species In Subtropical Australia", "description": "Plantation is an important strategy for forest restoration and carbon (C) storage. Plantations with different tree species could significantly affect soil properties, including soil pH, soil nutrient content, soil microbial activities, and soil dissolved organic C. Changes in these abiotic and biotic factors could regulate mineralization of soil organic C (SOC). However, it remains unclear to what extent these factors affect the mineralization of SOC under different tree species plantations. Soil was collected at 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth from plantations with Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii, Araucaria cunninghamii, and Agathis australis, respectively, in southeast Queensland, Australia. Soil samples were assayed for soil organic C; organic N and mineralization of SOC; soil particle size; total C, N, and P; and pH. In addition, a 42-day laboratory incubation with substrate additions was done to examine the influence of different substrates and their combinations on bio-available organic C. Our results suggested that SOC mineralization was mainly determined by soil pH and soil C content among plantations with different tree species, whereas SOC mineralization was not correlated with soil N and P contents. These results were further confirmed by the substrate addition experiments. SOC mineralization of soils from slash pine showed greater response to C (glucose) addition than soils from other two plantations, which suggested significant differences in SOC mineralization among plantations with different tree species. However, neither N addition nor P addition had significant effects on SOC mineralization. Our results indicated that plantations with different tree species substantially affect the mineralization and stability of soil organic C pool mainly by soil pH and soil C content.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "Agricultural", "570", "Soil biology", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1602-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-016-1602-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-016-1602-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-016-1602-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/96jd01661", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:18:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-04", "title": "Biogenic Soil Emissions Of Nitric Oxide (No) And Nitrous Oxide (N2o) From Savannas In South Africa: The Impact Of Wetting And Burning", "description": "In this paper we report on the first measurements of microbial soil emissions of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from the savannas in South Africa. In addition to natural, unperturbed emission measurements, we investigated the impact of natural rainfall, artificial irrigation, and fire on these emissions. Wetting and burning resulted in a significant enhancement in the emissions of NO. Mean background NO emissions from the dry sites ranged from 0.4 to 6.2 ng N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922s\uffe2\uff88\uff921and from the wetted sites ranged from 4.7 to 34.0 ng N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922s\uffe2\uff88\uff921. After burning, the mean NO emissions from the dry sites increased and ranged from 13.3 to 15.2 ng N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922s\uffe2\uff88\uff921and from the wetted sites increased, exceeding 60 ng N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922s\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Measurements of biogenic emissions of N2O were attempted, but emissions were not detected throughout the measurement period, indicating emissions below the minimum delectability of the instrumentation (2 ng N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922s\uffe2\uff88\uff921).
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/96jd01661"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/96jd01661", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/96jd01661", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/96jd01661"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-017-1671-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-11", "title": "Changes In Soil Bacterial Communities In An Evergreen Broad-Leaved Forest In East China Following 4 Years Of Nitrogen Addition", "description": "Evergreen broad-leaved forest ecosystems are common in east China, where they are both ecologically and economically important. However, nitrogen (N) addition over many years has had a detrimental effect on these ecosystems. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of 4\u00a0years of N addition on microbial communities in an evergreen broad-leaved forest in southern Anhui, China. Allochthonous N in the form of aqueous NH4NO3 and phosphorus (P) in the form of Ca(H2PO4)2\u00b7H2O were applied at three doses with a control (CK, stream water only without fertilizer): low-N (50\u00a0kg N ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121), high-N (100\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121) and high-N+P (100\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121\u00a0+\u00a050\u00a0kg P\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121). Quantitative PCR analysis of microbial community size and Illumina platform-based sequencing analysis of the V3-V4 16S rRNA gene region were performed to characterize soil bacterial community abundance, structure, and diversity. Bacterial diversity was increased in low-N and high-N treatments and decreased in the high-N+P treatment, but \u03b1-diversity indices were not significantly affected by N additions. Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria were the predominant phyla in all treatments, and the relative abundance of different genera varied among treatments. Only soil pH (P\u00a0=\u00a00.051) showed a weak correlation with the bacterial community in CK and low-N treatment. The composition of the bacterial community and the abundance of different phyla were significantly altered by N addition. The results of the present study indicate that soil bacterial communities in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest are, to a certain extent, resilient to changes derived from N additions.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1671-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-017-1671-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-017-1671-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-017-1671-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-016-1363-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-27", "title": "Phosphorus And Carbon Status Of A Paddy Soil Under Different Fertilization Regimes", "description": "Phosphorus (P) in soil particulate fraction (PF; >53\u00a0\u03bcm) is suggested to have a significant importance in soil P cycling. However, the effects of continuous fertilization on P-PF and its association with soil organic carbon (SOC) in paddy soils have not been well studied. We sampled paddy soils at 0\u201320\u00a0cm from a long-term field experiment (initiated in 1981) conducted under humid subtropical conditions in China, which has five fertilization treatments with equivalent P input (135\u00a0kg\u00a0P2O5\u2009ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121) except the control treatment (CK). Changes in total P (Pt), inorganic P (Pi), organic P (Po), and SOC under different fertilization managements were evaluated in the whole soil, in the PF, and in the mineral-associated fraction (MAF; <53\u00a0\u03bcm). Continuous fertilization increased the contents of SOC and P in all soil fractions. Both Po and organic carbon in PF were the most sensitive variables to fertilization, indicating that they constitute a useful tool to detect the effects of management practices. Among the fertilization treatments, organic amendments significantly increased Po-PF contents more than chemical fertilizer applied only (p\u2009<\u20090.05), although they had equivalent P input. The paddy soil without fertilization showed a more significant decrease in Pi compared with Po. The SOC/Po ratios were significantly lower in fertilization treatments (especially those with manure or straw incorporation) than in CK and decreased from PF to MAF. A significant relationship was found between Po-PF contents and rice P uptake during the growing season. These results demonstrate that Po-PF may also play a significant role in P cycling of paddy soil, and thus, it would be better to consider Po-PF in soil diagnosis to promote P management of paddy soil, especially for that under long-term organic amendments.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-016-1363-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-016-1363-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-016-1363-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-016-1363-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-017-1657-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-21", "title": "Contrasting Impacts Of Two Subtropical Earthworm Species On Leaf Litter Carbon Sequestration Into Soil Aggregates", "description": "Earthworms influence soil carbon sequestration based on the balance between mineralization and stabilization of litter carbon. However, specific impacts and mechanisms of epi-endogeic or endogeic earthworms on litter carbon sequestration need to be clarified. A 126-day laboratory experiment examined how two ecological group earthworms (Amynthas sp. (epi-endogeic species) and Pontoscolex corethrurus (endogeic species)) with distinct feeding habits influence the dynamics and distribution of 13C labeled Schima superba carbon leaf litter into soil aggregates. Accordingly, three treatments were set as: (i) soil and litter (CK), (ii) soil, litter, and endogeic earthworms (En), (iii) soil, litter, and epi-endogeic earthworms (Ep). Amynthas sp. significantly increased decomposition rate of litter and soil respiration due to the increase of the total phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), bacterial PLFAs, and fungal PLFAs and the direct consumption of leaf litter, while P. corethrurus had no effects on these two aspects. Higher proportion of large macroaggregates (>2000\u00a0\u03bcm) was generated in the presence of earthworms, with the highest in the treatment with endogeic earthworms. Besides, both the two species increased the proportion of non-labile organic carbon in large macroaggregates, which was conducive to carbon protection. At the end of incubation, the 13C signatures of soil indicated that the distribution of litter-derived carbon was significantly affected by the consumption and excretion activities of earthworms, with the result that more carbon was sequestrated in large macroaggregates (>2000\u00a0\u03bcm). Consistent with our hypothesis, Amynthas sp., an epi-endogeic earthworms, could rapidly consume organic residues and stimulate microbial biomass to increase litter decomposition rate and incorporate organic carbon into soil structures, while P. corethrurus, an endogeic earthworms, would stabilize the organic carbon that has been already incorporated into the soil through the formation of large macroaggregates and the transformation of soil organic carbon fractions to more recalcitrant forms.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Stratigraphy", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Earth-Surface Processes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1657-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-017-1657-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-017-1657-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-017-1657-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-017-1695-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-11", "title": "Effect Of Grazing Intensity On Protozoan Community, Microbial Biomass, And Enzyme Activity In An Alpine Meadow On The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "The alpine meadow has received mounting attention due to its degradation resulting from overgrazing on the Tibetan Plateau. However, belowground biotic characteristics under varied grazing stresses in this ecosystem are poorly understood. Here, the responses of soil protozoan abundance, community composition, microbial biomass, and enzyme activity to five grazing patterns including (1) artificial grassland without grazing (AG), (2) winter grazing (WG), (3) grazing for 7\u00a0months within a fence (GF), (4) continuous grazing for a whole year (CG), and (5) natural heavy grazing (HG) were investigated for two continuous years. Soil protozoan community composition was investigated using the most possible number (MPN) method, and soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity were analyzed using chloroform fumigation extraction and substrate utilization methods, respectively. Multivariate statistical analysis, the analysis of variance (ANOVA), multiple comparisons, and correlation analysis were together performed. The WG treatment had the highest abundance of total protozoa (2342\u20132524\u00a0cell\u00a0g\u22121). Compared with AG treatment, HG treatment significantly reduced the abundance of soil total, flagellate and ciliate protozoa, and protease activities in 2012 and 2013. Significantly, lower soil microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) was also observed in the HG (6.60 and 14.6\u00a0mg\u00a0N\u00a0kg\u22121) than those in other four treatments (22.3\u201382.9\u00a0mg\u00a0N\u00a0kg\u22121) both in 2012 and 2013, whereas significantly higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was observed in HG than that in AG treatment in 2012. Moreover, significantly positive correlations were detected between the abundance of soil protozoa and soil moisture, pH, organic C, total N, and MBN. Our results indicated that soil protozoa showed a negative response to increasing grazing intensities and therefore, suggesting that aboveground grazing practices also exerted strong impact on belowground protozoa, not only on soil microbial characteristics. Soil protozoan community composition was apparently different between the HG treatment and other four grazing patterns and was potentially impacted by altered soil properties and MBC and/or MBN. Our results suggested that moderate grazing may sustain better belowground biotic diversity and ecosystem functioning in this alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1695-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-017-1695-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-017-1695-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-017-1695-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-017-1706-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-13", "title": "Methodological perspectives on the application of compound-specific stable isotope fingerprinting for sediment source apportionment", "description": "Compound-specific stable isotope (CSSI) fingerprinting of sediment sources is a recently introduced tool to overcome some limitations of conventional approaches for sediment source apportionment. The technique uses the 13C CSSI signature of plant-derived fatty acids (\u03b413C-fatty acids) associated with soil minerals as a tracer. This paper provides methodological perspectives to advance the use of CSSI fingerprinting in combination with stable isotope mixing models (SIMMs) to apportion the relative contributions of different sediment sources (i.e. land uses) to sediments. CSSI fingerprinting allows quantitative estimation of the relative contribution of sediment sources within a catchment at a spatio-temporal resolution, taking into account the following approaches. First, application of CSSI fingerprinting techniques to complex catchments presents particular challenges and calls for well-designed sampling strategies and data handling. Hereby, it is essential to balance the effort required for representative sample collection and analyses against the need to accurately quantify the variability within the system. Second, robustness of the CSSI approach depends on the specificity and conservativeness of the \u03b413C-FA fingerprint. Therefore, saturated long-chain (>20 carbon atoms) FAs, which are biosynthesised exclusively by higher plants and are more stable than the more commonly used short-chain FAs, should be used. Third, given that FA concentrations can vary largely between sources, concentration-dependent SIMMs that are also able to incorporate \u03b413C-FA variability should be standard operation procedures to correctly assess the contribution of sediment sources via SIMMs. This paper reflects on the use of \u03b413C-FAs in erosion studies and provides recommendations for its application. We strongly advise the use of saturated long-chain (>20 carbon atoms) FAs as tracers and concentration-dependent Bayesian SIMMs. We anticipate progress in CSSI sediment fingerprinting from two current developments: (i) development of hierarchical Bayesian SIMMs to better address catchment complexity and (ii) incorporation of dual isotope approaches (\u03b4 13C- and \u03b4 2H-FA) to improve estimates of sediment sources.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11368-017-1706-4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1706-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-017-1706-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-017-1706-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-017-1706-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-018-2120-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-23", "title": "Liming effects on soil pH and crop yield depend on lime material type, application method and rate, and crop species: a global meta-analysis", "description": "The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the interactive effects of environmental and managerial factors on soil pH and crop yield related to liming across different cropping systems on a global scale. This study examined the effects of liming rate, lime application method, and liming material type on various soil chemical properties and crop yield based on data collected from 175 published studies worldwide since 1980. The most important variables that drive changes in soil pH and crop yield were liming rate and crop species, respectively. Soil conditions, such as initial soil organic matter and soil pH, were more important for increasing soil pH in field-based experiments, while lime material type and application method were more important for improving crop yield. To effectively neutralize soil acidity, the optimum liming duration, rate, and material type were\u2009<\u20093\u00a0years, 3\u20136\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha\u22121, and Ca (OH)2, respectively. Averaged across different crop species, the application of CaO, CaCO3, Ca (OH)2, and CaMg (CO3)2 increased yield by 13.2, 34.3, 29.2, and 66.5%, respectively. This meta-analysis will help design liming management strategies to ameliorate soil acidity and thus improve crop yield in agroecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2120-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-018-2120-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-018-2120-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-018-2120-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-019-02513-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-27", "title": "A global synthesis reveals more response sensitivity of soil carbon flux than pool to warming", "description": "Climate change continues to garner attention in the public sphere. Most recognize its potential to affect global carbon (C) dynamics in the biosphere. Many posit that global warming promotes the decomposition of soil organic C (SOC) and increases soil C release. However, it remains unclear how soil C dynamics respond to different influencing factors (e.g., warming method, magnitude/duration, mean annual temperature (MAT) and precipitation (MAP)) across ecosystems on a global scale. Here, we performed a meta-analysis to identify the general global patterns of how warming impacts soil C dynamics. Across all terrestrial ecosystems, warming reduced SOC by 4.96% and stimulated soil microbial biomass C (MBC), soil respiration (SR), and heterotrophic respiration (HR) by 6.30, 14.56, and 8.42%, respectively. Warming affected soil C pools in grasslands and soil C fluxes in forests. The changes in SOC did not correlate to warming magnitude/duration or climate factors (MAT and MAP). However, changes in both MBC and SR did correlate to warming magnitude/duration and MAT. The changes in HR showed a quadratic response to warming magnitude and a linear response to MAP. Open-top chamber method can effectively affect soil C pools. SR proved to be more sensitive than HR to most warming methods. Our results showed that soil C release exhibited more sensitivity to warming magnitude/duration or MAT/MAP than did net soil C sequestration. These results indicate that warming induces accelerated transition of soils from C sink to C source. Furthermore, they show the potential for global warming effects to exacerbate the positive feedback loop in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the declining rates-of-change in SR and HR under high magnitude warming may mitigate the positive feedback. Our analyses can improve the predictions of feedback between atmospheric and soil C pools.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02513-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-019-02513-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-019-02513-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-019-02513-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11430-009-0056-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-07", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon And Nitrogen Content Of Density Fractions And Effect Of Meadow Degradation To Soil Carbon And Nitrogen Of Fractions In Alpine Kobresia Meadow", "description": "This research was conducted on the non-disturbed native alpine Kobresia meadow (YF) and the severely degraded meadow (SDL) of Dari County of Qinghai Province. By a density fractionation approach, each soil sample was divided into two fractions: light fraction (LF) and heavy fraction (HF). The obtained fractions were analyzed for organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (N) concentrations. The results showed: (1) the OC concentration in HF and LF was 3.84% and 28.63% respectively while the nitrogen concentration in HF and LF was 0.362% and 1.192% respectively in 0\u201310 cm depth. C:N ratio was 10.6 in HF and 23.8 in LF respectively. (2) As far as the ratio of OC in given fraction to that in gross sample was concerned, dominance of OC in HF was obvious in the whole soil profile. OC in HF increased from 78.95% to 90.33%, while OC in LF decreased from 21.05% to 9.68% with depths. (3) Soil total OC amounted to 47.47 in YF while 17.63 g \u00b7 kg\u22121 in SDL, in which the OC content in HF decreased from 37.31 to 16.01 g \u00b7 kg\u22121 while OC content in LF decreased from 10.01 to 1.62 g \u00b7 kg\u22121. In other words, results of OC and N content show meadow degradation led to the loss of 57% OC in HF and 84% OC in LF from originally native ecosystem on alpine meadow. In addition, meadow degradation led to the loss of 43% N in HF and 79% N in LF from originally native ecosystem on alpine meadow. (4) The main reason for loss of C and N in LF during meadow degradation was not attributed to the decrease of OC and N concentration in LF and LF, but to the decrease in LF dry weight. Loss of N was far lower than loss of C in HF. This may suggest that there is difference in protection mode of C and N in HF.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "QiJi Wang, ZiYu Lu, WenYing Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-009-0056-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20in%20China%20Series%20D%3A%20Earth%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11430-009-0056-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11430-009-0056-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11430-009-0056-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11430-015-5058-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-10", "title": "Effect Of Vegetation Type, Wetting Intensity, And Nitrogen Supply On External Carbon Stimulated Heterotrophic Respiration And Microbial Biomass Carbon In Forest Soils", "description": "By using packed soil-core incubation experiments, we have studied stimulating effects of addition of external carbon (C) (glucose, 6.4 g C m\u22122) on heterotrophic respiration and microbial biomass C of a mature broadleaf and Korean pine mixed forest (BKPF) and an adjacent white birch forest (WBF) soil under different wetting intensities (55% and 80% WFPS, water-filled pore space) and nitrogen (N) supply (NH4Cl and KNO3, 4.5 g N m\u22122) conditions. The results showed that for the control, the cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) flux from WBF soil during the 15-day incubation ranged from 5.44 to 5.82 g CO2-C m\u22122, which was significantly larger than that from BKPF soil (2.86 to 3.36 g CO2-C m\u22122). With increasing wetting intensity, the cumulative CO2 flux from the control was decreased for the WBF soil, whereas an increase in the CO2 flux was observed in the BKPF soil (P < 0.05). The addition of NH4Cl or KNO3 alone significantly reduced the cumulative CO2 fluxes by 9.2%\u201321.6 % from the two soils, especially from WBF soil at low wetting intensity. The addition of glucose alone significantly increased soil heterotrophic respiration, microbial biomass C (MBC), and microbial metabolic quotient. The glucose-induced cumulative CO2 fluxes and soil MBC during the incubation ranged from 8.7 to 11.7 g CO2-C m\u22122 and from 7.4 to 23.9 g C m\u22122, which are larger than the dose of added C. Hence, the addition of external carbon can increase the decomposition of soil native organic C. The glucose-induced average and maximum rates of CO2 fluxes during the incubation were significantly influenced by wetting intensity (WI) and vegetation type (VT), and by WI\u00d7VT, NH4Cl\u00d7VT and WI\u00d7VT\u00d7NH4Cl (P<0.05). The addition of NH4Cl, instead of KNO3, significantly decreased the glucose-induced MBC of WBF soil (P<0.05), whereas adding NH4Cl and KNO3 both significantly increased the glucose-induced MBC of BKPF soil at high moisture (P<0.05). According to the differences in soil labile C pools, MBC and CO2 fluxes in the presence and absence of glucose, it can be concluded that the stimulating effects of glucose on soil heterotrophic respiration and MBC under temperate forests were dependent on vegetation type, soil moisture, and amount and type of the N added.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-015-5058-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20China%20Earth%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11430-015-5058-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11430-015-5058-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11430-015-5058-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11434-012-5474-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-30", "title": "Impacts Of Changed Litter Inputs On Soil Co2 Efflux In Three Forest Types In Central South China", "description": "Climate change is expected to cause the alteration of litter production in forests, which may result in substantial changes in soil CO2 efflux (FCO2) process as litter represents a major pathway of carbon from vegetation to the soils. In this study, we conducted an aboveground litter manipulation experiment to examine the influence of litter addition and exclusion on soil FCO2 in Camphor tree, Masson pine, and mixed Camphor tree and Masson pine forests in central south China. Litter input manipulation included three treatments: non-litter input (litter exclusion), double litter input (litter addition), and natural litter input (control). On average, litter exclusion significantly reduced soil FCO2 rate by approximately 39%, 24% and 22% in Camphor tree forests, the Mixed forests, and Masson pine forests, respectively. On a yearly basis, double litter addition significantly increased soil CO2 by 12% in the Mixed forests (P=0.02) but not in both Camphor tree and Masson pine forests (P>0.05), when compared with their corresponding control treatments. However, litter addition increased soil FCO2 rates in the months of June-August in Camphor tree and Masson pine forests, coinciding with high soil temperature of summer conditions. Litter exclusion reduced soil FCO2 more than litter addition increased it in the study sites. Responses of soil respiration to litter input treatments varied with forest types. Litter input treatments did not alter the seasonal patterns of soil temperature and soil water content. Our results indicated that changes in aboveground litter as a result of global climate change and/or forest management have a great potential to alter soil respiration and soil carbon balance in forest ecosystems.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "General"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wende Yan, Dalun Tian, Xiao-Yong Chen, Guangjun Wang, Wei Zheng, Yuanying Peng, Yuanying Peng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11434-012-5474-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chinese%20Science%20Bulletin", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11434-012-5474-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11434-012-5474-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11434-012-5474-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Life+on+Land&offset=2000&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Life+on+Land&offset=2000&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Life+on+Land&offset=1950", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Life+on+Land&offset=2050", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 12459, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T14:01:38.619055Z"}