{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "PMC9846495", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:30:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-01-04", "title": "A genome wide association study to dissect the genetic architecture of agronomic traits in Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis)", "description": "<p>Establishing Lupinus mutabilis as a protein and oil crop requires improved varieties adapted to EU climates. The genetic regulation of strategic breeding traits, including plant architecture, growing cycle length and yield, is unknown. This study aimed to identify associations between 16 669 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 9 agronomic traits on a panel of 223 L. mutabilis accessions, grown in four environments, by applying a genome wide association study (GWAS). Seven environment-specific QTLs linked to vegetative yield, plant height, pods number and flowering time, were identified as major effect QTLs, being able to capture 6 to 20% of the phenotypic variation observed in these traits. Furthermore, two QTLs across environments were identified for flowering time on chromosome 8. The genes FAF, GAMYB and LNK, regulating major pathways involved in flowering and growth habit, as well as GA30X1, BIM1, Dr1, HDA15, HAT3, interacting with these pathways in response to hormonal and environmental cues, were prosed as candidate genes. These results are pivotal to accelerate the development of L. mutabilis varieties adapted to European cropping conditions by using marker-assisted selection (MAS), as well as to provide a framework for further functional studies on plant development and phenology in this species.</p", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "plant architecture", "0303 health sciences", "molecular markers", "SNP", "Plant culture", "flowering time", "Plant Science", "15. Life on land", "SB1-1110", "03 medical and health sciences", "Lupinus mutabilis", "association mapping"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/PMC9846495"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC9846495", "name": "item", "description": "PMC9846495", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC9846495"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00217-019-03320-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-27", "title": "Development of gluten-free and egg-free pasta based on quinoa (Chenopdium quinoa Willd) with addition of lupine flour, vegetable proteins and the oxidizing enzyme POx", "description": "The aim of this research was to develop gluten-free (GF) and egg-free quinoa pasta with high nutritional value. Extruded and non-extruded quinoa (red and white) flour, potato starch, tara gum, and potato, pea and rice protein isolates were investigated in different recipes, some of them included egg white as an initial reference point. Results showed that extruded quinoa flour, potato starch and tara gum had deteriorating effects on GF and egg-free pasta firmness and cooking quality. Lupine flour addition itself was not able to replace egg white when added in the same amounts, but after increasing the concentration to 12%, the firmness and cooking quality decreasing effects could be improved again, especially when tara gum was absent in the formulations. In the final recipe, the content of lupine flour was increased to 30% because its protein is complementary to the quinoa protein. From the three studied protein isolates, pea protein was superior to potato or rice protein, addition of the oxidizing enzyme POx could even further improve texture firmness. After these trials, the final recipe containing lupine flour, pea protein and POx showed satisfying GF noodle quality and possessed a valuable nutritional composition with high protein and dietary fibre content.", "keywords": ["Gluten-free", "2. Zero hunger", "Pasta", "Prote\u00ednas vegetales", "Vegetable proteins", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Egg-free", "Lupine", "Fideos", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "Pastas alimenticias", "Quinoa", "https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#2.11.01", "Lupinus mutabilis", "Chenopodium quinoa", "Harina de quinua", "Gluten", "http://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.03.04"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00217-019-03320-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-019-03320-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Food%20Research%20and%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00217-019-03320-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00217-019-03320-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00217-019-03320-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11130-020-00799-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-03", "title": "Profile and Content of Residual Alkaloids in Ten Ecotypes of Lupinus mutabilis Sweet after Aqueous Debittering Process", "description": "Abstract<p>The evaluation of the level of alkaloids in edible Lupinus species is crucial from a food safety point of view. Debittering of lupin seeds has a long history; however, the control of the level of alkaloids after processing the seeds is typically only evaluated by changes in the bitter taste. The aim of this study was to evaluate the profile and residual levels of quinolizidine alkaloids (QA) in (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) after aqueous debittering process. Samples from 10 ecotypes from different areas of Peru were analyzed before and after the process. Based on results obtained by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, from eight alkaloids identified before the debittering process, only small amounts of lupanine (avg. 0.0012\uffc2\uffa0g/100\uffc2\uffa0g DM) and sparteine (avg. 0.0014\uffc2\uffa0g/100\uffc2\uffa0g DM) remained in the seeds after the debittering process, and no other alkaloids were identified. The aqueous debittering process reduced the content of alkaloids to levels far below the maximal level allowed by international regulations (\uffe2\uff89\uffa4 0.2\uffc2\uffa0g/kg DM).</p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Lupin Seeds", "Sparteine", "Organic chemistry", "Propiedades fisicoqu\u00edmicas", "Plant Science", "Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry", "Evolution and Nutritional Properties of Lupin Seeds", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Food science", "Per\u00fa", "03 medical and health sciences", "Deshidrataci\u00f3n acuosa", "Alkaloids", "Secado", "Tarwi", "https://purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#2.11.01", "Granos", "Composici\u00f3n qu\u00edmica", "ta116", "Biology", "Ecotipos", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Ecotype", "2. Zero hunger", "Original Paper", "0303 health sciences", "Rendimiento", "Procesamiento", "Evaluaci\u00f3n", "ta1183", "An\u00e1lisis organol\u00e9ptico", "ta1182", "Botany", "Life Sciences", "Diversity and Applications of Cyperus Species", "Lupinus", "Chocho", "Chemistry", "Contenido proteico", "Evolution and Ecology of Endophyte-Grass Symbiosis", "Taste", "Seeds", "Lupinus mutabilis"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11130-020-00799-y.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-020-00799-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Foods%20for%20Human%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11130-020-00799-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11130-020-00799-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11130-020-00799-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10400.5/23455", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-13", "title": "The Analysis of Partial Sequences of the Flavonone 3 Hydroxylase Gene in Lupinus mutabilis Reveals Differential Expression of Two Paralogues Potentially Related to Seed Coat Colour", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Flavonone 3 hydroxylases (EC 1.14.11.9) are key enzymes in the synthesis of anthocyanins and other flavonoids. Such compounds are involved in seed coat colour and stem pigmentation. Lupinus mutabilis (tarwi) is a legume crop domesticated in the Andean region, valued for the high protein and oil content of its seeds. Tarwi accessions are being selected for cultivation in Europe under defined breeding criteria. Seed coat colour patterns are relevant breeding traits in tarwi, and these are conditioned by anthocyanin content. We identified and isolated part of the tarwi flavonone 3-hydroxylase gene (LmF3h) from two accessions with distinct seed coat colour patterns. Two partial LmF3h paralogues, with predicted 20% amino-acid changes but little predicted tertiary structure alterations, were identified in the coloured seed genotype, while only one was present in the white seed genotype. Upon selection and validation of appropriate reference genes, a RT-qPCR analysis showed that these paralogues have different levels of expression during seed development in both genotypes, although they follow the same expression patterns. DNA and transcription analyses enabled to highlight potential F3H paralogues relatable to seed coat pigmentation in tarwi and, upon biochemical and genetic confirmation, prompt marker-assisted breeding for relevant phenotypic traits associated with flavonoid synthesis.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "<i>F3H</i>", "0303 health sciences", "S", "Agriculture", "<i>Lupinus mutabilis</i>", "03 medical and health sciences", "F3H", "seed coat", "gene expression", "Lupinus mutabilis", "<i>Lupinus mutabilis</i>; <i>F3H</i>; seed coat; gene expression; RT-qPCR reference genes", "RT-qPCR reference genes"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/2/450/pdf"}, {"href": "https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstream/10400.5/23455/1/PTALHINHAS-agronomy-12-00450.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10400.5/23455"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10400.5/23455", "name": "item", "description": "10400.5/23455", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10400.5/23455"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy10122020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-21", "title": "Andean Lupin Phenology and Agronomic Performance under Different Planting Dates in a Mediterranean Climate", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Andean lupin in Europe has regained interest in recent years due to its high seed protein and oil content and its potential use for food, feed as well as a crop used in biorefineries. A search for suitable germplasm in combination with a determination of appropriate agronomical practices such as planting date are needed for commercial farming in new areas. The current study aims to evaluate the performance of six selected L. mutabilis accessions in a Mediterranean area using two different planting dates for two consecutive experimental years. A split plot design with accessions as subplots and planting dates as main plots was used. Measurements such as days to flowering, plant height, total number of pods and seeds per plant, seed yield and seed crude protein content were taken. All accessions performed better when cultivation started not later than the end of autumn since high temperatures occurred during late spring shortened the growth cycle and reduced yield. Earlier cultivation applied, in the middle of autumn, did not enhance significantly seed yield production. Among the accessions, LIB223 was characterized by the highest seed crude protein content in the early planting treatment, while accessions with prolonged growth cycle (LIB209, LIB214 and LIB223) produced higher seed yield than other accessions and could be further studied as promising breeding material for cultivation under the edaphoclimatic conditions tested.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "nutrient content", "Southern Europe", "S", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "<i>Lupinus mutabilis</i>", "tarwi", "crude protein", "seed production", "lupins", "planting date", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lazaridi, Efstathia, Papadopoulos, George K., Bebeli, Penelope J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/12/2020/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/12/2020/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10122020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy10122020", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy10122020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy10122020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/plants9050583", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-05", "title": "Response to Anthracnose in a Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis) Collection Is Influenced by Anthocyanin Pigmentation", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lupini, is a major limiting factor for lupin production. Tarwi or Andean Lupin (Lupinus mutabilis) is generally regarded as susceptible to anthracnose, but the high protein and oil content of its seeds raise interest in promoting its cultivation in Europe. In this study we evaluated the response to anthracnose of 10 tarwi accessions contrasting in anthocyanin pigmentation, by comparison to white lupin (Lupinus albus), using a contemporary Portuguese fungal isolate. A severity rating scale was optimized, including weighted parameters considering the type of symptoms and organs affected. All tarwi accessions were classified as susceptible, exhibiting sporulating necroses on the main stem from seven days after inoculation. Anthracnose severity was lower on anthocyanin-rich tarwi plants, with accession LM34 standing out as the less susceptible. Accession I82 better combines anthracnose response and yield. In global terms, disease severity was lower on white lupin than on tarwi. Although based on a limited collection, the results of the study show the existence of genetic variability among L. mutabilis towards anthracnose response relatable with anthocyanin pigmentation, providing insights for more detailed and thorough characterization of tarwi resistance to anthracnose.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Colletotrichum lupini", "<i>Lupinus albus</i>", "anthracnose", "0303 health sciences", "anthocyanin pigmentation", "Botany", "15. Life on land", "<i>Lupinus mutabilis</i>", "susceptibility", "Article", "03 medical and health sciences", "Lupinus albus", "13. Climate action", "QK1-989", "Lupinus mutabilis", "<i>Colletotrichum lupini</i>"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/5/583/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/5/583/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9050583"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plants", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/plants9050583", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/plants9050583", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/plants9050583"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2019.01385", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-30", "title": "Genetics and Breeding of Lupinus mutabilis: An Emerging Protein Crop", "description": "Protein crops have gained increasing interest in recent years, as a transition towards plant-protein based diets appears pivotal to ensure global food security and preserve the environment. The Andean species Lupinus mutabilis emerges as an ideal protein crop with great potential for Europe and other regions with temperate climates. This species is characterized by oil and protein content similar to soybean and is highly valued for its adaptability to colder climates and low input agriculture on marginal land. However, its introduction outside the Andes has yet to take off. To date, L. mutabilis remains an under-studied crop, lacking high yield, early maturity and a consistent breeding history. This review paper identifies L. mutabilis limitations and potential uses, and suggests the main breeding targets for further improvement of this crop. It also highlights the potential of new molecular tools and available germplasm resources that can now be used to establish L. mutabilis as a viable protein crop.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Plant culture", "Plant Science", "15. Life on land", "SB1-1110", "03 medical and health sciences", "plant protein", "lupin", "breeding", "genetics", "Lupinus mutabilis", "protein crop"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2019.01385"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2019.01385", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2019.01385", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2019.01385"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fpls.2022.1099293", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-01-04", "title": "A genome wide association study to dissect the genetic architecture of agronomic traits in Andean lupin (Lupinus mutabilis)", "description": "<p>Establishing Lupinus mutabilis as a protein and oil crop requires improved varieties adapted to EU climates. The genetic regulation of strategic breeding traits, including plant architecture, growing cycle length and yield, is unknown. This study aimed to identify associations between 16 669 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 9 agronomic traits on a panel of 223 L. mutabilis accessions, grown in four environments, by applying a genome wide association study (GWAS). Seven environment-specific QTLs linked to vegetative yield, plant height, pods number and flowering time, were identified as major effect QTLs, being able to capture 6 to 20% of the phenotypic variation observed in these traits. Furthermore, two QTLs across environments were identified for flowering time on chromosome 8. The genes FAF, GAMYB and LNK, regulating major pathways involved in flowering and growth habit, as well as GA30X1, BIM1, Dr1, HDA15, HAT3, interacting with these pathways in response to hormonal and environmental cues, were prosed as candidate genes. These results are pivotal to accelerate the development of L. mutabilis varieties adapted to European cropping conditions by using marker-assisted selection (MAS), as well as to provide a framework for further functional studies on plant development and phenology in this species.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "plant architecture", "0303 health sciences", "molecular markers", "SNP", "Plant culture", "flowering time", "Plant Science", "15. Life on land", "SB1-1110", "03 medical and health sciences", "Lupinus mutabilis", "association mapping"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.1099293"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fpls.2022.1099293", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fpls.2022.1099293", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fpls.2022.1099293"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture11030236", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-12", "title": "Agro-morphological Evaluation of Lupinus mutabilis in Two Locations in Greece and Association with Insect Pollinators", "description": "<p>Lupinus mutabilis Sweet is an Andean protein crop with agro-economic potential. However, it is characterized by low yields and phenotypic plasticity related to environmental conditions when cultivated in different locations in Europe. Current research objective was to evaluate L. mutabilis agro-morphological performance in two locations in Greece and to record its pollinators, since these can contribute to optimization of crop performance. For this purpose, eight Andean lupin accessions, one white and one blue lupin commercial varieties were evaluated for 71 agro-morphological traits in a Randomized Complete Block design with three replications. Combined Analysis over Location presented a significant accession-location interaction for traits of economic interest such as seed crude protein and 100 seed weight. Seed crude protein was higher in L. mutabilis accessions (up to 43.8 g 100 g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 seed) than white and blue lupins. Andean lupin yielded up to 327 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (LIB214) in Kalamata, while its yield was lower than the white lupin in Athens. Using principal component analysis, three groups of accessions were formed, one by each lupin species and three within Andean lupin accessions. Floral traits such as color and size are related to pollinators diversity and preference. Insect pollinators and floral traits interplay among different lupin species was examined. Pollinators visited L. mutabilis flowers belong to the genera Anthophora, Bombus, Megachile and Xylocopa. The results of the present study, indicate that L.mutabilis has agronomic potential and enhances above ground biodiversity, however breeding for higher yields is required.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture (General)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Mediterranean", "15. Life on land", "yield", "01 natural sciences", "<i>Lupinus mutabilis</i>", "agro-morphological", "S1-972", "South Europe", "crude protein", "Andean lupin", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "pollinators"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/3/236/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/3/236/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11030236"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture11030236", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture11030236", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture11030236"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy10010021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-23", "title": "Genetic and Genomic Diversity in a Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) Germplasm Collection and Adaptability to Mediterranean Climate Conditions", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Lupinus mutabilis (tarwi) is a species of Andean origin with high protein and oil content and regarded as a potential crop in Europe. The success in the introduction of this crop depends in part on in depth knowledge of the intra-specific genetic variability of the collections, enabling the establishment of breeding and conservation programs. In this study, we used morphological traits, Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat markers and genome size to assess genetic and genomic diversity of 23 tarwi accessions under Mediterranean conditions. Phenotypic analyses and yield component studies point out accession LM268 as that achieving the highest seed production, producing large seeds and efficiently using primary branches as an important component of total yield, similar to the L. albus cultivars used as controls. By contrast, accession JKI-L295 presents high yield concentrated on the main stem, suggesting a semi-determinate development pattern. Genetic and genomic analyses revealed important levels of diversity, however not relatable to phenotypic diversity, reflecting the recent domestication of this crop. This is the first study of genome size diversity within L. mutabilis, revealing an average size of 2.05 pg/2C (2001 Mbp) with 9.2% variation (1897\u20132003 Mbp), prompting further studies for the exploitation of this diversity.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "S", "ISSR", "Agriculture", "genetic diversity", "15. Life on land", "<i>lupinus mutabilis</i>", "issr", "03 medical and health sciences", "mediterranean climate", "morphological traits", "genome size", "Lupinus mutabilis", "Mediterranean climate"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/1/21/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/1/21/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10010021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy10010021", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy10010021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy10010021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy10071038", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-20", "title": "State and Progress of Andean Lupin Cultivation in Europe: A Review", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Lupinus mutabilis is an important source of protein in different Andean countries, and its use in diets, particularly those of less wealthy individuals, has been observed for thousands of years. There is an increasing demand for protein crops suitable for Europe and this species is a potential candidate. Assessment of Lupinus mutabilis genetic material in European conditions started more than 40 years ago, with the characterization of a vast number of accessions from the Andean region. In this review, abiotic and biotic constraints to L. mutabilis cultivation in European soil and climatic conditions are discussed, and cultivation management practices are suggested. The beneficial interaction of L. mutabilis with Bradyrhizobium strains in the soil and various pollinator species is also discussed, and the effect of abiotic stresses on these interactions is highlighted. Prospects of alternative uses of L. mutabilis biomass in Northern Europe and opportunities for breeding strategies are discussed. In conclusion, the different approach to crop modeling for Southern and Northern European climatic conditions is highlighted.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "<i>Bradyrhizobium</i>", "S", "Pollinators", "Agriculture", "adaptation", "Abiotic stresses", "15. Life on land", "biotic stresses", "01 natural sciences", "abiotic stresses", "<i>Lupinus</i> <i>mutabilis</i>", "03 medical and health sciences", "Biotic stress", "pollinators", "Bradyrhizobium", "Lupinus mutabilis", "Biomass", "Adaptation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/7/1038/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10071038"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy10071038", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy10071038", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy10071038"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy12020450", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-14", "title": "The Analysis of Partial Sequences of the Flavonone 3 Hydroxylase Gene in Lupinus mutabilis Reveals Differential Expression of Two Paralogues Potentially Related to Seed Coat Colour", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Flavonone 3 hydroxylases (EC 1.14.11.9) are key enzymes in the synthesis of anthocyanins and other flavonoids. Such compounds are involved in seed coat colour and stem pigmentation. Lupinus mutabilis (tarwi) is a legume crop domesticated in the Andean region, valued for the high protein and oil content of its seeds. Tarwi accessions are being selected for cultivation in Europe under defined breeding criteria. Seed coat colour patterns are relevant breeding traits in tarwi, and these are conditioned by anthocyanin content. We identified and isolated part of the tarwi flavonone 3-hydroxylase gene (LmF3h) from two accessions with distinct seed coat colour patterns. Two partial LmF3h paralogues, with predicted 20% amino-acid changes but little predicted tertiary structure alterations, were identified in the coloured seed genotype, while only one was present in the white seed genotype. Upon selection and validation of appropriate reference genes, a RT-qPCR analysis showed that these paralogues have different levels of expression during seed development in both genotypes, although they follow the same expression patterns. DNA and transcription analyses enabled to highlight potential F3H paralogues relatable to seed coat pigmentation in tarwi and, upon biochemical and genetic confirmation, prompt marker-assisted breeding for relevant phenotypic traits associated with flavonoid synthesis.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "<i>F3H</i>", "0303 health sciences", "S", "Agriculture", "<i>Lupinus mutabilis</i>", "03 medical and health sciences", "F3H", "seed coat", "gene expression", "Lupinus mutabilis", "<i>Lupinus mutabilis</i>; <i>F3H</i>; seed coat; gene expression; RT-qPCR reference genes", "RT-qPCR reference genes"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/2/450/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020450"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy12020450", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy12020450", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy12020450"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy14010094", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-12-31", "title": "Lupinus mutabilis Breeding in the Andes of Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia: A Review", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Lupinus mutabilis, also known as tarwi or chocho, is an important agricultural species that has been cultivated in South America since ancient times. Tarwi is native to the Andean regions of Peru, Bolivia, and Ecuador and has very high protein content. Despite its high nutritional value and promotion efforts by regional researchers and breeders, tarwi is not a widely cultivated crop in its center of origin. In this review, we present the work carried out by public breeding programs of L. mutabilis at national agricultural research institutes, universities, and other institutions in Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. The main breeding method used in the Andes to improve local landraces has been mass selection to adapt lines to specific environments. At least 25 cultivars or ecotypes have been selected and released over the last 40 years using this breeding system. Nevertheless, breeders are currently struggling to develop new varieties that are high yielding, suitable for mechanized harvesting, have a low content of alkaloids or other anti-nutritional properties, and resistant to anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum). Therefore, it is necessary to reassess the potential of this crop and invest in its research to incorporate new techniques and breeding strategies to optimize the development of new varieties in the Andes which address the current cultivation challenges of the species.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "S", "breeding", "Agriculture", "genetic diversity", "anthracnose resistance", "15. Life on land", "alkaloids", "<i>Lupinus mutabilis</i>"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14010094"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy14010094", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy14010094", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy14010094"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2981602593", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-30", "title": "Genetics and Breeding of Lupinus mutabilis: An Emerging Protein Crop", "description": "Protein crops have gained increasing interest in recent years, as a transition towards plant-protein based diets appears pivotal to ensure global food security and preserve the environment. The Andean species Lupinus mutabilis emerges as an ideal protein crop with great potential for Europe and other regions with temperate climates. This species is characterized by oil and protein content similar to soybean and is highly valued for its adaptability to colder climates and low input agriculture on marginal land. However, its introduction outside the Andes has yet to take off. To date, L. mutabilis remains an under-studied crop, lacking high yield, early maturity and a consistent breeding history. This review paper identifies L. mutabilis limitations and potential uses, and suggests the main breeding targets for further improvement of this crop. It also highlights the potential of new molecular tools and available germplasm resources that can now be used to establish L. mutabilis as a viable protein crop.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Plant culture", "Plant Science", "15. Life on land", "SB1-1110", "03 medical and health sciences", "plant protein", "lupin", "breeding", "genetics", "Lupinus mutabilis", "protein crop"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2981602593"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2981602593", "name": "item", "description": "2981602593", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2981602593"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10400.5/22883", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:00Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Genetic and morphological diversity of germplasm collection from Lupinus mutabilis Sweet grown under Mediterranean climate", "description": "Open AccessN/A", "keywords": ["Colletotrichum lupini", "flavanone 3-hydroxylase", "Lupinus mutabilis", "genetic diversity", "anthracnose resistance"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Guilengue, Norberto Armando", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstream/10400.5/22883/1/Tese_Norberto%20Guilengue%20FINAL.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10400.5/22883"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10400.5/22883", "name": "item", "description": "10400.5/22883", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10400.5/22883"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10400.5/20295", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-05", "title": "Response to Anthracnose in a Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis) Collection Is Influenced by Anthocyanin Pigmentation", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lupini, is a major limiting factor for lupin production. Tarwi or Andean Lupin (Lupinus mutabilis) is generally regarded as susceptible to anthracnose, but the high protein and oil content of its seeds raise interest in promoting its cultivation in Europe. In this study we evaluated the response to anthracnose of 10 tarwi accessions contrasting in anthocyanin pigmentation, by comparison to white lupin (Lupinus albus), using a contemporary Portuguese fungal isolate. A severity rating scale was optimized, including weighted parameters considering the type of symptoms and organs affected. All tarwi accessions were classified as susceptible, exhibiting sporulating necroses on the main stem from seven days after inoculation. Anthracnose severity was lower on anthocyanin-rich tarwi plants, with accession LM34 standing out as the less susceptible. Accession I82 better combines anthracnose response and yield. In global terms, disease severity was lower on white lupin than on tarwi. Although based on a limited collection, the results of the study show the existence of genetic variability among L. mutabilis towards anthracnose response relatable with anthocyanin pigmentation, providing insights for more detailed and thorough characterization of tarwi resistance to anthracnose.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Colletotrichum lupini", "<i>Lupinus albus</i>", "anthracnose", "0303 health sciences", "anthocyanin pigmentation", "Botany", "15. Life on land", "<i>Lupinus mutabilis</i>", "susceptibility", "Article", "03 medical and health sciences", "Lupinus albus", "13. Climate action", "QK1-989", "Lupinus mutabilis", "<i>Colletotrichum lupini</i>"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/5/583/pdf"}, {"href": "https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstream/10400.5/20295/1/REP-DRAT-NMartins-plants-09-00583-v2-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/9/5/583/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10400.5/20295"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plants", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10400.5/20295", "name": "item", "description": "10400.5/20295", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10400.5/20295"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10400.5/20358", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-20", "title": "State and Progress of Andean Lupin Cultivation in Europe: A Review", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Lupinus mutabilis is an important source of protein in different Andean countries, and its use in diets, particularly those of less wealthy individuals, has been observed for thousands of years. There is an increasing demand for protein crops suitable for Europe and this species is a potential candidate. Assessment of Lupinus mutabilis genetic material in European conditions started more than 40 years ago, with the characterization of a vast number of accessions from the Andean region. In this review, abiotic and biotic constraints to L. mutabilis cultivation in European soil and climatic conditions are discussed, and cultivation management practices are suggested. The beneficial interaction of L. mutabilis with Bradyrhizobium strains in the soil and various pollinator species is also discussed, and the effect of abiotic stresses on these interactions is highlighted. Prospects of alternative uses of L. mutabilis biomass in Northern Europe and opportunities for breeding strategies are discussed. In conclusion, the different approach to crop modeling for Southern and Northern European climatic conditions is highlighted.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "<i>Bradyrhizobium</i>", "S", "Agriculture", "adaptation", "15. Life on land", "biotic stresses", "01 natural sciences", "abiotic stresses", "<i>Lupinus</i> <i>mutabilis</i>", "03 medical and health sciences", "Bradyrhizobium", "Lupinus mutabilis", "pollinators"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstream/10400.5/20358/1/REP-LEAF-state-agronomy-10-01038-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/7/1038/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10400.5/20358"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10400.5/20358", "name": "item", "description": "10400.5/20358", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10400.5/20358"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10400.5/19592", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-23", "title": "Genetic and Genomic Diversity in a Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) Germplasm Collection and Adaptability to Mediterranean Climate Conditions", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Lupinus mutabilis (tarwi) is a species of Andean origin with high protein and oil content and regarded as a potential crop in Europe. The success in the introduction of this crop depends in part on in depth knowledge of the intra-specific genetic variability of the collections, enabling the establishment of breeding and conservation programs. In this study, we used morphological traits, Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat markers and genome size to assess genetic and genomic diversity of 23 tarwi accessions under Mediterranean conditions. Phenotypic analyses and yield component studies point out accession LM268 as that achieving the highest seed production, producing large seeds and efficiently using primary branches as an important component of total yield, similar to the L. albus cultivars used as controls. By contrast, accession JKI-L295 presents high yield concentrated on the main stem, suggesting a semi-determinate development pattern. Genetic and genomic analyses revealed important levels of diversity, however not relatable to phenotypic diversity, reflecting the recent domestication of this crop. This is the first study of genome size diversity within L. mutabilis, revealing an average size of 2.05 pg/2C (2001 Mbp) with 9.2% variation (1897\u20132003 Mbp), prompting further studies for the exploitation of this diversity.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "S", "ISSR", "Agriculture", "genetic diversity", "15. Life on land", "<i>lupinus mutabilis</i>", "issr", "03 medical and health sciences", "mediterranean climate", "morphological traits", "genome size", "Lupinus mutabilis", "Mediterranean climate"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/1/21/pdf"}, {"href": "https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstream/10400.5/19592/1/REP-Neves-Martins-agronomy-10-00021-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/1/21/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10400.5/19592"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10400.5/19592", "name": "item", "description": "10400.5/19592", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10400.5/19592"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3117963037", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-21", "title": "Andean Lupin Phenology and Agronomic Performance under Different Planting Dates in a Mediterranean Climate", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Andean lupin in Europe has regained interest in recent years due to its high seed protein and oil content and its potential use for food, feed as well as a crop used in biorefineries. A search for suitable germplasm in combination with a determination of appropriate agronomical practices such as planting date are needed for commercial farming in new areas. The current study aims to evaluate the performance of six selected L. mutabilis accessions in a Mediterranean area using two different planting dates for two consecutive experimental years. A split plot design with accessions as subplots and planting dates as main plots was used. Measurements such as days to flowering, plant height, total number of pods and seeds per plant, seed yield and seed crude protein content were taken. All accessions performed better when cultivation started not later than the end of autumn since high temperatures occurred during late spring shortened the growth cycle and reduced yield. Earlier cultivation applied, in the middle of autumn, did not enhance significantly seed yield production. Among the accessions, LIB223 was characterized by the highest seed crude protein content in the early planting treatment, while accessions with prolonged growth cycle (LIB209, LIB214 and LIB223) produced higher seed yield than other accessions and could be further studied as promising breeding material for cultivation under the edaphoclimatic conditions tested.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "nutrient content", "Southern Europe", "S", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "<i>Lupinus mutabilis</i>", "tarwi", "crude protein", "seed production", "lupins", "planting date", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lazaridi, Efstathia, Papadopoulos, George K., Bebeli, Penelope J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/12/2020/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/12/2020/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3117963037"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3117963037", "name": "item", "description": "3117963037", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3117963037"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3134266052", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-12", "title": "Agro-Morphological Evaluation of Lupinus mutabilis in Two Locations in Greece and Association with Insect Pollinators", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Lupinus mutabilis Sweet is an Andean protein crop with agro-economic potential. However, it is characterized by low yields and phenotypic plasticity related to environmental conditions when cultivated in different locations in Europe. Current research objective was to evaluate L. mutabilis agro-morphological performance in two locations in Greece and to record its pollinators, since these can contribute to optimization of crop performance. For this purpose, eight Andean lupin accessions, one white and one blue lupin commercial varieties were evaluated for 71 agro-morphological traits in a Randomized Complete Block design with three replications. Combined Analysis over Location presented a significant accession-location interaction for traits of economic interest such as seed crude protein and 100 seed weight. Seed crude protein was higher in L. mutabilis accessions (up to 43.8 g 100 g\u22121 seed) than white and blue lupins. Andean lupin yielded up to 327 kg ha\u22121 (LIB214) in Kalamata, while its yield was lower than the white lupin in Athens. Using principal component analysis, three groups of accessions were formed, one by each lupin species and three within Andean lupin accessions. Floral traits such as color and size are related to pollinators diversity and preference. Insect pollinators and floral traits interplay among different lupin species was examined. Pollinators visited L. mutabilis flowers belong to the genera Anthophora, Bombus, Megachile and Xylocopa. The results of the present study, indicate that L.mutabilis has agronomic potential and enhances above ground biodiversity, however breeding for higher yields is required.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Agriculture (General)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Mediterranean", "15. Life on land", "yield", "01 natural sciences", "<i>Lupinus mutabilis</i>", "agro-morphological", "S1-972", "South Europe", "crude protein", "Andean lupin", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "pollinators"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/3/236/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/11/3/236/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3134266052"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3134266052", "name": "item", "description": "3134266052", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3134266052"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC6831545", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:30:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-30", "title": "Genetics and Breeding of Lupinus mutabilis: An Emerging Protein Crop", "description": "Protein crops have gained increasing interest in recent years, as a transition towards plant-protein based diets appears pivotal to ensure global food security and preserve the environment. The Andean species Lupinus mutabilis emerges as an ideal protein crop with great potential for Europe and other regions with temperate climates. This species is characterized by oil and protein content similar to soybean and is highly valued for its adaptability to colder climates and low input agriculture on marginal land. However, its introduction outside the Andes has yet to take off. To date, L. mutabilis remains an under-studied crop, lacking high yield, early maturity and a consistent breeding history. This review paper identifies L. mutabilis limitations and potential uses, and suggests the main breeding targets for further improvement of this crop. It also highlights the potential of new molecular tools and available germplasm resources that can now be used to establish L. mutabilis as a viable protein crop.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Plant culture", "Plant Science", "15. Life on land", "SB1-1110", "03 medical and health sciences", "plant protein", "lupin", "breeding", "genetics", "Lupinus mutabilis", "protein crop"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/PMC6831545"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC6831545", "name": "item", "description": "PMC6831545", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC6831545"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "oai:digital.csic.es:10261/226899", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:36:31Z", "type": "Report", "title": "State and Progress of Andean Lupin Cultivation in Europe: A Review", "description": "Lupinus mutabilis is an important source of protein in different Andean countries, and its use in diets, particularly those of less wealthy individuals, has been observed for thousands of years. There is an increasing demand for protein crops suitable for Europe and this species is a potential candidate. Assessment of Lupinus mutabilis genetic material in European conditions started more than 40 years ago, with the characterization of a vast number of accessions from the Andean region. In this review, abiotic and biotic constraints to L. mutabilis cultivation in European soil and climatic conditions are discussed, and cultivation management practices are suggested. The beneficial interaction of L. mutabilis with Bradyrhizobium strains in the soil and various pollinator species is also discussed, and the effect of abiotic stresses on these interactions is highlighted. Prospects of alternative uses of L. mutabilis biomass in Northern Europe and opportunities for breeding strategies are discussed. In conclusion, the different approach to crop modeling for Southern and Northern European climatic conditions is highlighted. This research was funded by the Bio-based Industries Joint Undertaking under the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, the LIBBIO project, under grant agreement No. 720726 and the APC was also funded under the framework of the LIBBIO project, under grant agreement No 720726.", "keywords": ["Biotic stress", "Pollinators", "Bradyrhizobium", "Lupinus mutabilis", "Abiotic stresses", "Biomass", "Adaptation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bebeli, Penelope J., Lazaridi, Efstathia, Chatzigeorgiou, Tilemachos, Suso Llamas, Mar\u00eda Jos\u00e9, Hein, Waltraud, Alexopoulos, Alexios A., Canha, Gon\u00e7alo, van Haren, Rob J. F., J\u00f3hannsson, Magn\u00fas H., Mateos Garrido, Carmen, Neves-Martins, Jo\u00e3o, Prins. 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