The triple oxygen isotope signature \uffce\uff9417O in atmospheric CO2, also known as its \uffe2\uff80\uff9c17O excess,\uffe2\uff80\uff9d has been proposed as a tracer for gross primary production (the gross uptake of CO2 by vegetation through photosynthesis). We present the first global 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90D model simulations for \uffce\uff9417O in atmospheric CO2 together with a detailed model description and sensitivity analyses. In our 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90D model framework we include the stratospheric source of \uffce\uff9417O in CO2 and the surface sinks from vegetation, soils, ocean, biomass burning, and fossil fuel combustion. The effect of oxidation of atmospheric CO on \uffce\uff9417O in CO2 is also included in our model. We estimate that the global mean \uffce\uff9417O (defined as with \uffce\uffbbRL = 0.5229) of CO2 in the lowest 500\uffc2\uffa0m of the atmosphere is 39.6\uffc2\uffa0per meg, which is \uffe2\uff88\uffbc20\uffc2\uffa0per meg lower than estimates from existing box models. We compare our model results with a measured stratospheric \uffce\uff9417O in CO2 profile from Sodankyl\uffc3\uffa4 (Finland), which shows good agreement. In addition, we compare our model results with tropospheric measurements of \uffce\uff9417O in CO2 from G\uffc3\uffb6ttingen (Germany) and Taipei (Taiwan), which shows some agreement but we also find substantial discrepancies that are subsequently discussed. Finally, we show model results for Zotino (Russia), Mauna Loa (United States), Manaus (Brazil), and South Pole, which we propose as possible locations for future measurements of \uffce\uff9417O in tropospheric CO2 that can help to further increase our understanding of the global budget of \uffce\uff9417O in atmospheric CO2.
", "keywords": ["CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY", "550", "STRATOSPHERIC CO2", "STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE", "TRACER", "stable isotopes", "MASS", "carbon dioxide (CO)", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "DIOXIDE EXCHANGE", "O excess (\u0394O)", "3-DIMENSIONAL SYNTHESIS", "carbon dioxide (CO2)", "carbon cycle", "O-17 excess (Delta O-17)", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "O-18 CONTENT", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "mass-independent fractionation (MIF)", "ddc:550", "gross primary production (GPP)", "15. Life on land", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "MODEL TM5", "17O excess (\u039417O)", "FIRE EMISSIONS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019JD030387"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019jd030387"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2019jd030387", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2019jd030387", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2019jd030387"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5445/IR/1000073025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:23:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-18", "title": "The CarbonTracker Data Assimilation Shell (CTDAS) v1.0: implementation and global carbon balance 2001\u20132015", "description": "Abstract. Data assimilation systems are used increasingly to constrain the budgets of reactive and long-lived gases measured in the atmosphere. Each trace gas has its own lifetime, dominant sources and sinks, and observational network (from flask sampling and in situ measurements to space-based remote sensing) and therefore comes with its own optimal configuration of the data assimilation. The CarbonTracker Europe data assimilation system for CO2 estimates global carbon sources and sinks, and updates are released annually and used in carbon cycle studies. CarbonTracker Europe simulations are performed using the new modular implementation of the data assimilation system: the CarbonTracker Data Assimilation Shell (CTDAS). Here, we present and document this redesign of the data assimilation code that forms the heart of CarbonTracker, specifically meant to enable easy extension and modification of the data assimilation system. This paper also presents the setup of the latest version of CarbonTracker Europe (CTE2016), including the use of the gridded state vector, and shows the resulting carbon flux estimates. We present the distribution of the carbon sinks over the hemispheres and between the land biosphere and the oceans. We show that with equal fossil fuel emissions, 2015 has a\uffc2\uffa0higher atmospheric CO2 growth rate compared to 2014, due to reduced net land carbon uptake in later year. The European carbon sink is especially present in the forests, and the average net uptake over 2001\uffe2\uff80\uff932015 was 0.\uffe2\uff80\uff8917\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff890.\uffe2\uff80\uff8911\uffe2\uff80\uffafPgC\uffe2\uff80\uff86yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 with reductions to zero during drought years. Finally, we also demonstrate the versatility of CTDAS by presenting an overview of the wide range of applications for which it has been used so far.
", "keywords": ["FLUXES", "QE1-996.5", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "ENSEMBLE", "Geology", "BUDGET", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Earth sciences", "DIOXIDE EXCHANGE", "INVERSIONS", "13. Climate action", "MODEL TM5", "Life Science", "CO2", "EMISSIONS", "DROUGHT", "SYSTEM", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5445/IR/1000073025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5445/IR/1000073025", "name": "item", "description": "10.5445/IR/1000073025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5445/IR/1000073025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-21T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=MODEL+TM5&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=MODEL+TM5&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=MODEL+TM5&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=MODEL+TM5&offset=2", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 2, "numberReturned": 2, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-24T23:10:16.223210Z"}