{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.ecss.2013.10.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-01", "title": "Does Livestock Grazing Affect Sediment Deposition And Accretion Rates In Salt Marshes?", "description": "<p>Accretion rates, defined as the vertical growth of salt marshes measured in mm per year, may be influenced by grazing livestock in two ways: directly, by increasing soil compaction through trampling, and indirectly, by reducing aboveground biomass and thus decreasing sediment deposition rates measured in g/m(2) per year. Although accretion rates and the resulting surface elevation change largely determine the resilience of salt marshes to sea-level rise (SLR), the effect of livestock grazing on accretion rates has been little studied. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of livestock grazing on salt-marsh accretion rates. We hypothesise that accretion will be lower in grazed compared to ungrazed salt marshes. In four study sites along the mainland coast of the Wadden Sea (in the south-eastern North Sea), accretion rates, sediment deposition rates, and soil compaction of grazed and ungrazed marshes were analysed using the Cs-137 radionuclide dating method. Accretion rates were on average 11.6 mm yr(-1) during recent decades and thus higher than current and projected rates of SLR. Neither accretion nor sediment deposition rates were significantly different between grazing treatments. Meanwhile, soil compaction was clearly affected by grazing with significantly higher dry bulk density on grazed compared to ungrazed parts. Based on these results, we conclude that other factors influence whether grazing has an effect on accretion and sediment deposition rates and that the effect of grazing on marsh growth does not follow a direct causal chain. It may have a great importance when interacting with other biotic and abiotic processes on the marsh. Crown Copyright (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "F800 - Physical geographical sciences", "550", "137Cs", "geochronology", "SEA-LEVEL RISE", "SURFACE ELEVATION", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Wadden Sea", "inundation", "CS-137", "F820 Geomorphology", "(CS)-C-137", "compaction", "NITROGEN MINERALIZATION", "COASTAL WETLANDS", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "land use management", "WADDEN SEA", "15. Life on land", "NORTH-SEA", "13. Climate action", "C180 - Ecology", "TIDAL MARSH", "VEGETATION", "C180 Ecology", "dating", "SW NETHERLANDS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.10.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Estuarine%2C%20Coastal%20and%20Shelf%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecss.2013.10.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecss.2013.10.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.10.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-012-2484-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-27", "title": "Herbivore Trampling As An Alternative Pathway For Explaining Differences In Nitrogen Mineralization In Moist Grasslands", "description": "Studies addressing the role of large herbivores on nitrogen cycling in grasslands have suggested that the direction of effects depends on soil fertility. Via selection for high quality plant species and input of dung and urine, large herbivores have been shown to speed up nitrogen cycling in fertile grassland soils while slowing down nitrogen cycling in unfertile soils. However, recent studies show that large herbivores can reduce nitrogen mineralization in some temperate fertile soils, but not in others. To explain this, we hypothesize that large herbivores can reduce nitrogen mineralization in loamy or clay soils through soil compaction, but not in sandy soils. Especially under wet conditions, strong compaction in clay soils can lead to periods of soil anoxia, which reduces decomposition of soil organic matter and, hence, N mineralization. In this study, we use a long-term (37-year) field experiment on a salt marsh to investigate the hypothesis that the effect of large herbivores on nitrogen mineralization depends on soil texture. Our results confirm that the presence of large herbivores decreased nitrogen mineralization rate in a clay soil, but not in a sandy soil. By comparing a hand-mown treatment with a herbivore-grazed treatment, we show that these differences can be attributed to herbivore-induced changes in soil physical properties rather than to above-ground biomass removal. On clay soil, we find that large herbivores increase the soil water-filled porosity, induce more negative soil redox potentials, reduce soil macrofauna abundance, and reduce decomposition activity. On sandy soil, we observe no changes in these variables in response to grazing. We conclude that effects of large herbivores on nitrogen mineralization cannot be understood without taking soil texture, soil moisture, and feedbacks through soil macrofauna into account.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "IMPACT", "Nitrogen", "01 natural sciences", "Soil fauna", "COMPACTION", "Soil", "SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES", "SALT-MARSH", "Large herbivores", "Soil texture", "Animals", "Biomass", "Herbivory", "Soil compaction", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "UNGULATE", "national", "Water", "DENITRIFICATION", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "N cycling", "YELLOWSTONE-NATIONAL-PARK", "PLANT-GROWTH", "13. Climate action", "ECOSYSTEM", "Clay", "Aluminum Silicates", "Soil moisture", "BAIT-LAMINA TEST"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2484-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-012-2484-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-012-2484-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-012-2484-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s004420050242", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-08-25", "title": "Nutrient Limitation And Plant Species Composition In Temperate Salt Marshes", "description": "Addition of inorganic nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in a factorial design in two ungrazed Wadden-Sea salt marshes at low and high elevations showed that nitrogen was the limiting nutrient. No effects of nutrient addition were detected in the 1st year, probably due to a considerable rainfall deficit during the growing season. In the 2nd year, which was more humid, only nitrogen addition caused significant effects in both the low salt marsh dominated by Puccinellia maritima and the high marsh dominated by Festuca rubra. No two-way or three-way interactions with phosphorus or potassium were found. In the low marsh, nitrogen addition had a negative effect on the biomass of Puccinellia, but a positive effect on the biomass of Suaeda maritima and on the total above-ground biomass. Puccinellia was replaced by Suaeda after nitrogen addition, due to shading. In the high salt marsh, no significant effects of fertilizer application on total above-ground biomass were found, due to the weak response of the dominant species Festuca rubra, which accounted for 95% of total biomass. The biomass of Spergularia maritima increased, however, as a response to nitrogen addition.The shoot length of Festuca was positively affected by nitrogen fertilization. It is suggested that stands of Festuca reached maximal biomass at the study site without fertilization and that its growth was probably limited by self-shading.", "keywords": ["salt marsh", "0106 biological sciences", "nutrient limitation", "GROWTH", "VEGETATION", "rainfall deficit", "15. Life on land", "COMMUNITIES", "01 natural sciences", "plant-species interactions", "primary production"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420050242"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s004420050242", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s004420050242", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s004420050242"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-015-9855-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:14:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-09", "title": "Defoliation And Soil Compaction Jointly Drive Large-Herbivore Grazing Effects On Plants And Soil Arthropods On Clay Soil", "description": "In addition to the well-studied impacts of defecation and defoliation, large herbivores also affect plant and arthropod communities through trampling, and the associated soil compaction. Soil compaction can be expected to be particularly important on wet, fine-textured soils. Therefore, we established a full factorial experiment of defoliation (monthly mowing) and soil compaction (using a rammer, annually) on a clay-rich salt marsh at the Dutch coast, aiming to disentangle the importance of these two factors. Additionally, we compared the effects on soil physical properties, plants, and arthropods to those at a nearby cattle-grazed marsh under dry and under waterlogged conditions. Soil physical conditions of the compacted plots were similar to the conditions at cattle-grazed plots, showing decreased soil aeration and increased waterlogging. Soil salinity was doubled by defoliation and quadrupled by combined defoliation and compaction. Cover of the dominant tall grass Elytrigia atherica was decreased by 80% in the defoliated plots, but cover of halophytes only increased under combined defoliation and compaction. Effects on soil micro-arthropods were most severe under waterlogging, showing a fourfold decrease in abundance and a smaller mean body size under compaction. Although the combined treatment of defoliation and trampling indeed proved most similar to the grazed marsh, large discrepancies remained for both plant and soil fauna communities, presumably because of colonization time lags. We conclude that soil compaction and defoliation differently affect plant and arthropod communities in grazed ecosystems, and that the magnitude of their effects depends on herbivore density, productivity, and soil physical properties.", "keywords": ["COLLEMBOLA", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "wadden sea", "GRASSLAND", "growth", "cow", "DIVERSITY", "01 natural sciences", "630", "diversity", "Aranaea", "simulated grazing", "SALT-MARSH", "MOUNTAIN PASTURES", "MANAGEMENT", "Environmental Chemistry", "Acari", "NITROGEN MINERALIZATION", "nitrogen mineralization", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "2. Zero hunger", "macro-detritivores", "mountain pastures", "Ecology", "COW", "national", "collembola", "WADDEN SEA", "15. Life on land", "Coleoptera", "salt-marsh", "Collembola", "GROWTH", "grassland", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/72900/1/Published_Version.PDF"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-015-9855-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-015-9855-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-015-9855-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-015-9855-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-022-05382-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-11", "title": "On maintenance and metabolisms in soil microbial communities", "description": "Abstract         <p>Biochemistry is an essential yet often undervalued aspect of soil ecology, especially in soil C cycling. We assume based on tradition, intuition or hope that the complexity of biochemistry is confined to the microscopic world, and can be ignored when dealing with whole soil systems. This opinion paper draws attention to patterns caused by basic biochemical processes that permeate the world of ecosystem processes. From these patterns, we can estimate activities of the biochemical reactions of the central C metabolic network and gain insights into the ecophysiology of microbial biosynthesis and growth and maintenance energy requirements; important components of Carbon Use Efficiency (CUE).The biochemical pathways used to metabolize glucose vary from soil to soil, with mostly glycolysis in some soils, and pentose phosphate or Entner-Doudoroff pathways in others. However, notwithstanding this metabolic diversity, glucose use efficiency is high and thus substrate use for maintenance energy and overflow respiration is low in these three soils. These results contradict current dogma based on four decades of research in soil ecology. We identify three main shortcomings in our current understanding of substrate use efficiency: 1) in numeric and conceptual models, we lack appreciation of the strategies that microbes employ to quickly reduce energy needs in response to starvation; 2) production of exudates and microbial turnover affect whole-soil CUE more than variation in maintenance energy demand; and 3) whether tracer experiments can be used to measure the long-term substrate use efficiency of soil microbial communities depends critically on the ability of non-growing cells to take up tracer substrates, how biosynthesis responds to these substrates, as well as on how cellular activities scale to the community level.To move the field of soil ecology forward, future research must consider the details of microbial ecophysiology and develop new tools that enable direct measurement of microbial functioning in intact soils. We submit that 13C metabolic flux analysis is one of those new tools.</p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Embden-Meyerhof-Parnass glycolysis", "Biochemical efficiency", "Maintenance", "Entner-Doudoroff pathway", "Carbon use efficiency", "Metabolic flux analysis", "15. Life on land", "Turnover", "Grassland", "03 medical and health sciences", "Marsh", "13. Climate action", "Exudation", "Forest", "Pentose phosphate pathway"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-022-05382-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-022-05382-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-022-05382-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-022-05382-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-022-05382-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-023-06301-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-04", "title": "Root phenotypes for improved nitrogen capture", "description": "Abstract               Background               <p>Suboptimal nitrogen availability is a primary constraint for crop production in low-input agroecosystems, while nitrogen fertilization is a primary contributor to the energy, economic, and environmental costs of crop production in high-input agroecosystems. In this article we consider avenues to develop crops with improved nitrogen capture and reduced requirement for nitrogen fertilizer.</p>                            Scope               <p>Intraspecific variation for an array of root phenotypes has been associated with improved nitrogen capture in cereal crops, including architectural phenotypes that colocalize root foraging with nitrogen availability in the soil; anatomical phenotypes that reduce the metabolic costs of soil exploration, improve penetration of hard soil, and exploit the rhizosphere; subcellular phenotypes that reduce the nitrogen requirement of plant tissue; molecular phenotypes exhibiting optimized nitrate uptake kinetics; and rhizosphere phenotypes that optimize associations with the rhizosphere microbiome. For each of these topics we provide examples of root phenotypes which merit attention as potential selection targets for crop improvement. Several cross-cutting issues are addressed including the importance of soil hydrology and impedance, phenotypic plasticity, integrated phenotypes, in silico modeling, and breeding strategies using high throughput phenotyping for co-optimization of multiple phenes.</p>                            Conclusions               <p>Substantial phenotypic variation exists in crop germplasm for an array of root phenotypes that improve nitrogen capture. Although this topic merits greater research attention than it currently receives, we have adequate understanding and tools to develop crops with improved nitrogen capture. Root phenotypes are underutilized yet attractive breeding targets for the development of the nitrogen efficient crops urgently needed in global agriculture.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Plasticity", "Marschner Review", "Nitrogen", "Physiology", "Nitrogen; Root; Anatomy; Architecture; Soil; Crop breeding; Root phenotyping; Modeling; Rhizosphere; Plasticity; Physiology", "Modeling", "Root phenotyping", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Root", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Architecture", "Rhizosphere", "Crop breeding", "Anatomy", "FOS: Civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-023-06301-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-023-06301-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-023-06301-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-023-06301-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11284-013-1064-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-25", "title": "Flower Production Of Aster Tripolium Is Affected By Behavioral Differences In Livestock Species And Stocking Densities: The Role Of Activity And Selectivity", "description": "Abstract<p>Semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90natural grasslands are an important habitat for endangered plant and animal species. In grasslands, low\uffe2\uff80\uff90intensity livestock grazing is frequently applied as a tool for nature conservation. We aim to investigate how different livestock species in various densities influence the state and flower production of a single plant species by selective defoliation and/or trampling. We hypothesized that (1) moderate stocking densities would cause more damage than low, and that (2) horses would cause more damage than cattle due to their higher activity. The experiment took place in a salt marsh in the Netherlands where grazing treatments with horses and cattle in two stocking densities were installed. Damage to individual Aster tripolium plants and number of flower heads were recorded at the end of the grazing season in late September. We found (1) more damage and fewer flower heads in moderate stocking densities compared to low densities. However, a reduction of flower heads by higher stocking densities was less clear with cattle. No clear difference (2) between livestock species was found, due to opposite trends in moderate and low densities. At low stocking densities, cattle caused more damage by selective defoliation. At moderate densities, horses caused more damage, because of their higher mobility, which led to damage by trampling. We conclude that the response of Aster to grazing is strongly affected by behavioral differences between livestock species. Grazing experiments and management schemes for semi\uffe2\uff80\uff90natural grasslands should therefore not only consider stocking densities, but also livestock species to reach desired conservation goals.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "Salt marsh", "AVAILABILITY", "WADDEN SEA", "VEGETATION CHANGE", "EUROPAEA L", "15. Life on land", "Horse", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Grazing", "REPRODUCTION", "Semi-natural grassland", "SALT-MARSH", "RESOURCE", "Cattle", "TOLERANCE", "HERBIVORY", "PERENNIAL HERB"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-013-1064-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11284-013-1064-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11284-013-1064-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11284-013-1064-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11852-014-0333-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-09", "title": "Utilisation Of A Coastal Grassland By Geese After Managed Re-Alignment", "description": "<p>In this study we evaluate the effect of coastal re-alignment on the utilisation of coastal grasslands by staging geese. We assessed vegetation change and utilisation by geese using repeated mapping and regular dropping counts in both the restored marsh and adjacent reference sites. All measurements were started well before the actual re-alignment. In addition, we studied the effects of livestock grazing on vegetation and geese, using exclosures. The vegetation transformed from fresh grassland into salt-marsh vegetation. A relatively large proportion of the de-embanked area became covered with secondary pioneer vegetation, and the overall cover of potential food plants for geese declined. Goose utilisation had initially dropped to low levels, both in autumn and in spring, but it recovered to a level comparable to the reference marsh after ten years. Exclosure experiments revealed that livestock grazing prevented the establishment of closed swards of grass in the poorly drained lower area of the restored marsh, and thereby negatively affected goose utilisation of these areas during spring staging. Goose grazing in the restored marsh during spring showed a positive numerical response to grass cover found during the preceding growing season. (1) The value of restored salt marsh as foraging habitat for geese initially decreased after managed re-alignment but recovered after ten years. (2) Our findings support the idea that the value of foraging habitats depends largely on the cover of forage plants and that this can be manipulated by adjusting both grazing and drainage.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Dark-bellied Brent geese", "Barnacle geese", "Livestock grazing", "Salt-marsh restoration", "ENGLAND", "SALT-MARSH RESTORATION", "PATTERNS", "WADDEN SEA", "15. Life on land", "TERM", "VEGETATION SUCCESSION", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11852-014-0333-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Coastal%20Conservation", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11852-014-0333-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11852-014-0333-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11852-014-0333-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.05.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:15:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-19", "title": "Influence Of Organic And Mineral Amendments On Microbial Soil Properties And Processes", "description": "Abstract   Microbial diversity in soils is considered important for maintaining sustainability of agricultural production systems. However, the links between microbial diversity and ecosystem processes are not well understood. This study was designed to gain better understanding of the effects of short-term management practices on the microbial community and how changes in the microbial community affect key soil processes. The effects of different forms of nitrogen (N) on soil biology and N dynamics was determined in two soils with organic and conventional management histories that varied in soil microbial properties but had the same fertility. The soils were amended with equal amounts of N (100\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121) in organic (lupin, Lupinus angustifolius L.) and mineral form (urea), respectively. Over a 91-day period, microbial biomass C and N, dehydrogenase enzyme activity, community structure of pseudomondas (sensu stricto), actinomycetes and \u03b1 proteobacteria (by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) following PCR amplification of 16S rDNA fragments) and N mineralisation were measured. Lupin amendment resulted in a two- to five-fold increase in microbial biomass and enzyme activity, while these parameters did not differ significantly between the urea and control treatments. The PCR\u2013DGGE analysis showed that the addition of mineral and organic compounds had an influence on the microbial community composition in the short term (up to 10 days) but the effects were not sustained over the 91-day incubation period. Microbial community structure was strongly influenced by the presence or lack of substrate, while the type of amendment (organic or mineral) had an effect on microbial biomass size and activity. These findings show that the addition of green manures improved soil biology by increasing microbial biomass and activity irrespective of management history, that no direct relationship existed among microbial structure, enzyme activity and N mineralisation, and that microbial community structure (by PCR\u2013DGGE) was more strongly influenced by inherent soil and environmental factors than by short-term management practices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "ANZSRC::31 Biological sciences", "nitrogen mineralisation", "urea", "ANZSRC::30 Agricultural", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) green manure", "Marsden::300102 Soil biology", "veterinary and food sciences", "microbial community structure", "13. Climate action", "ANZSRC::41 Environmental sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "DGGE", "organic and conventional farming practices"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.05.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.05.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.05.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.05.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.baae.2006.07.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-31", "title": "Patch Choice Of Avian Herbivores Along A Migration Trajectory - From Temperate To Arctic", "description": "<p>Migratory waterfowl species seem to track temporal and spatial pulses of optimal forage availability on their way from temperate wintering to arctic breeding sites. In order to unravel the relative contribution of forage quality and forage biomass to foraging choices in avian herbivores, we experimentally manipulated biomass and quality of main forage plants through fertilisation and grazing exclusion at three sites along the flyway of barnacle geese, Branta leucopsis. Fertilisation increased the nitrogen content of the forage and grazing exclusion increased biomass levels. Manipulated plots were offered to wild geese in a random block experimental design and goose visitation was measured through dropping counts. At all sites there was a trend towards a higher preference of plots with increased quality and average biomass above plots with an average quality and increased biomass. Generally, geese preferred plots with highest standing crop of nitrogen. The numerical response of the geese to forage changes was supported by behavioural observations at the Baltic site. We conclude that for migrating barnacle geese the bottlenecks in the standing crop of nitrogen appear to tie in the limited biomass availability at the Baltic stopover site and the limited nutrient content of food in the Arctic breeding site, restricting the potential nutrient intake on these sites. (C) 2006 Gesellschaft fur Okologie. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.</p>", "keywords": ["barnacle goose", "0106 biological sciences", "SNOW GEESE", "BRENT GEESE", "KOLOKOLKOVA BAY", "Branta leucopsis", "B-BERNICLA", "15. Life on land", "BARNACLE GEESE", "GOOSE POPULATION", "grazing experiment", "01 natural sciences", "ptant-herbivore interactions", "salt marsh", "FOOD QUALITY", "flyway", "forage quality", "FORAGING BEHAVIOR", "plant biomass", "GEESE BRANTA-LEUCOPSIS", "BODY-SIZE"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R.H. Drent, Julia Stahl, A. J. van der Graaf, G. F. (Ciska) Veen, R.M. Havinga,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2006.07.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Basic%20and%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.baae.2006.07.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.baae.2006.07.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.baae.2006.07.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.baae.2006.08.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:15:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-21", "title": "Time-Scale Effects In The Interaction Between A Large And A Small Herbivore", "description": "<p>In the short term, grazing will mainly affect plant biomass and forage quality. However, grazing can affect plant species composition by accelerating or retarding succession at longer time-scales. Few studies concerning interactions among herbivores have taken the change in plant species composition into account. In a salt-marsh system, the longterm effects of exclusion of a large herbivore (cattle) on the abundance of a small herbivore (hare) were studied. Excluding cattle grazing for 30 years resulted in large changes in vegetation composition. In general, the cover of tall-growing species increased in the absence of cattle grazing. These long-term changes negatively affected hare grazing intensity. Hares preferentially fed on Festuca rubra and negatively selected tall growing plants, such as Elymus athericus, both in cattle-grazed and long-term ungrazed areas. However, the intensity of hare grazing was not related to the cover of F rubra. The cover of tall-growing plants (E athericus, A triplex prostrata and Juncus maritimus) appeared to be the best predictor and hare grazing intensity decreased sharply with an increase of the cover of tall plants. When cover of tall plants did not increase, hare grazing intensity was not affected. The study shows that the time-scale of the experiment is of prime importance in studying interactions between herbivores. Species that do not seem to influence the abundance of one another or are competing for the same resources on a short time-scale might well be facilitating each other when looking at larger time-scales while taking plant species replacement into account. (c) 2007 Gesellschaft fur Okologie. Published by Elsevier GrnbH. All rights reserved.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Lepus europaeus", "productivity", "SUCCESSION", "COMPETITION", "brown hares", "barnacle geese", "HARES LEPUS-EUROPAEUS", "BARNACLE GEESE", "01 natural sciences", "facilitation", "SALT-MARSH", "MANAGEMENT", "BROWN HARES", "tall plants", "2. Zero hunger", "exclosures", "15. Life on land", "FACILITATION", "succession", "communities", "salt marsh", "hares lepus-europaeus", "salt-marsh", "13. Climate action", "mountain hares", "MOUNTAIN HARES", "COMMUNITIES", "competition", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2006.08.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Basic%20and%20Applied%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.baae.2006.08.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.baae.2006.08.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.baae.2006.08.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecss.2013.08.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-20", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term Grazing On Sediment Deposition And Salt-Marsh Accretion Rates", "description": "<p>Many studies have attempted to predict whether coastal marshes will be able to keep up with future acceleration of sea-level rise by estimating marsh accretion rates. However, there are few studies focussing on the long-term effects of herbivores on vegetation structure and subsequent effects on marsh accretion. Deposition of fine-grained, mineral sediment during tidal inundations, together with organic matter accumulation from the local vegetation, positively affects accretion rates of marsh surfaces. Tall vegetation can enhance sediment deposition by reducing current flow and wave action. Herbivores shorten vegetation height and this could potentially reduce sediment deposition. This study estimated the effects of herbivores on 1) vegetation height, 2) sediment deposition and 3) resulting marsh accretion after long-term (at least 16 years) herbivore exclusion of both small (i.e. hare and goose) and large grazers (i.e. cattle) for marshes of different ages. Our results firstly showed that both small and large herbivores can have a major impact on vegetation height. Secondly, grazing processes did not affect sediment deposition. Finally, trampling by large grazers affected marsh accretion rates by compacting the soil. In many European marshes, grazing is used as a tool in nature management as well as for agricultural purposes. Thus, we propose that soil compaction by large grazers should be taken in account when estimating the ability of coastal systems to cope with an accelerating sea-level rise. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p>", "keywords": ["marsh succession", "0106 biological sciences", "Surface elevation change", "Sea-level rise", "FLOW", "Sedimentation rate", "SEA-LEVEL RISE", "SURFACE ELEVATION", "01 natural sciences", "BROWN HARES", "Herbivory", "14. Life underwater", "Marsh succession", "Biology", "Global change", "VEGETATION SUCCESSION", "global change", "COASTAL WETLANDS", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "sedimentation rate", "herbivory", "GEESE", "sea-level rise", "15. Life on land", "PRODUCTIVITY GRADIENT", "surface elevation change", "NORTH-SEA", "13. Climate action", "TIDAL MARSH"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.08.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Estuarine%2C%20Coastal%20and%20Shelf%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecss.2013.08.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecss.2013.08.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.08.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-17", "title": "Methane, Carbon Dioxide And Nitrous Oxide Fluxes From A Temperate Salt Marsh: Grazing Management Does Not Alter Global Warming Potential", "description": "Soil greenhouse gas emissions from cattle grazed and un-grazed temperate upper salt marsh were measured using dark static chambers, monthly for one year. Below-ground gas sampling tubes were also used to measure soil methane (CH4) concentrations. CH4 efflux from grazed and un-grazed salt marsh did not differ significantly although grazing did lead to \u2018hotspots\u2019 of underground CH4 (up to 6% of total air volume) and CH4 efflux (peak of 9 mg m\u22122 h\u22121) significantly linked to high soil moisture content, low soil temperatures and the presence of Juncus gerardii. Carbon dioxide (CO2) efflux was greater from the un-grazed marsh (mean of 420 mg m\u22122 h\u22121) than the grazed marsh (mean of 333 mg m\u22122 h\u22121) throughout most of the year and was positively correlated with the deeper water table and greater soil temperatures. Grazing was not a significant predictor of nitrous oxide (N2O) soil emissions. Global Warming Potential (GWP; over 100 years), calculated from mean yearly chamber fluxes for CH4 and CO2, did not differ significantly with grazing treatment. Seasonal variation in the key drivers of soil greenhouse gas efflux; soil temperature, moisture and water table, plus the presence or absence of aerenchymatous plants such as J. gerardii were more important to the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions than grazing management per se.", "keywords": ["chamber flux measurements", "salt marshes", "13. Climate action", "greenhouse gases", "Ribble estuary", "livestock grazing", "UK", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Estuarine%2C%20Coastal%20and%20Shelf%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecss.2012.08.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecss.2007.10.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-06", "title": "Spatial And Temporal Variations In Sediment Grain Size In Tidal Wetlands, Yangtze Delta: On The Role Of Physical And Biotic Controls", "description": "To examine the spatial and temporal variability of sediment grain size in exposed tidal wetlands with ample sediment supply, we sampled sediments and measured hydrodynamics, accretion/erosion rates, and vegetation characteristics in the Yangtze Delta. Sediment grain size exhibited a landward/upward decreasing trend. This trend is mainly attributed to attenuation of hydrodynamics. A 630-day series of daily surface sediment sampling at a fixed site on an unvegetated intertidal flat revealed significant seasonal and storm-cyclic changes in grain size. This temporal variability was related to alternating accretion/erosion events, with erosion associated with coarser grain size. Such temporal dynamics were not present in vegetation, where sediment remained fine grained throughout the year. In the marsh, vegetation cover enables the trapping of fine-grained sediments in the following ways: (a) adherence of suspended sediments onto plants; (b) deposition of suspended sediments stimulated by attenuation of hydrodynamics through plant obstruction; and (c) prevention of resuspension of fine-grained deposits due to the protection of the plant canopy. The influence of vegetation on sediment grain size was clearly seen when comparing sediment trapped by different vegetation types and seasonal patterns of trapped sediment on different vegetation canopy densities. The relatively high plant biomass of the recently introduced Spartina alterniflora enhanced the trapping effect, whereas plant degradation due to buffalo grazing reduced the trapping effect. We conclude that for exposed tidal wetlands with ample sediment supply such as the Yangtze Delta, the spatial and temporal variability of sediment grain size is governed predominantly by physical controls on the unvegetated flat and predominantly by biophysical interaction of hydrodynamics and vegetation in the salt marsh, rather than by sediment supply.", "keywords": ["grain size", "salt marsh", "0106 biological sciences", "sediment", "13. Climate action", "Yangtze (Changjiang) Delta", "15. Life on land", "deposition", "01 natural sciences", "tidal wetland", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shilun Yang, Weiguo Zhang, Pingxing Ding, Ya Wang, Ming Li, P. Li, T.J. Ysebaert, Tjeerd J. Bouma, H. Li,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.10.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Estuarine%2C%20Coastal%20and%20Shelf%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecss.2007.10.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecss.2007.10.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecss.2007.10.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecss.2013.01.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-28", "title": "Carbon Sequestration And Biogeochemical Cycling In A Saltmarsh Subject To Coastal Managed Realignment", "description": "Globally, wetlands provide the largest terrestrial carbon (C) store, and restoration of degraded wetlands provides a potentially important mechanism for climate change mitigation. We examined the potential for restored saltmarshes to sequester carbon, and found that they can provide a modest, but sustained, sink for atmospheric CO2. Rates of C and nutrient cycling were measured and compared between a natural saltmarsh (high- and low-shore locations), claimed arable land on former high-shore saltmarsh and a managed realignment restoration site (high- and low-shore) in transition from agricultural land to saltmarsh 15 years after realignment, at Tollesbury, Essex, UK. We measured pools and turnover of C and nitrogen (N) in soil and vegetation at each site using a range of methods, including gas flux measurement and isotopic labelling. The natural high-shore site had the highest soil organic matter concentrations, topsoil C stock and below-ground biomass, whereas the agricultural site had the highest total extractable N concentration and lowest soil C/N ratio. Ecosystem respiration rates were similar across all three high-shore sites, but much higher in both low-shore sites, which receive regular inputs of organic matter and nutrients from the estuary. Total evolution of 14C-isotopically labelled substrate as CO2 was highest at the agricultural site, suggesting that low observed respiration rates here were due to low substrate supply (following a recent harvest) rather than to inherently low microbial activity. The results suggest that, after 15 years, the managed realignment site is not fully equivalent to the natural saltmarsh in terms of biological and chemical function. While above ground biomass, extractable N and substrate mineralisation rates in the high-shore site were all quite similar to the natural site, less dynamic ecosystem properties including soil C stock, C/N ratio and below-ground biomass all remained more similar to the agricultural site. These results suggest that reversion to natural biogeochemical functioning will occur following restoration, but is likely to be slow; we estimate that it will take approximately 100 years for the restored site to accumulate the amount of C currently stored in the natural site, at a rate of 0.92 t C ha\u22121 yr\u22121.", "keywords": ["saltmarsh", "organic matter cycling", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "managed realignment", "nutrient cycles", "14. Life underwater", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.01.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Estuarine%2C%20Coastal%20and%20Shelf%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecss.2013.01.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecss.2013.01.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecss.2013.01.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-08", "title": "Cattle Grazing Drives Nitrogen And Carbon Cycling In A Temperate Salt Marsh", "description": "Abstract   We examined the impact of long-term cattle grazing on soil processes and microbial activity in a temperate salt marsh. Soil conditions, microbial biomass and respiration, mineralization and denitrification rates were measured in upper salt marsh that had been ungrazed or cattle grazed for several decades. Increased microbial biomass and soil respiration were observed in grazed marsh, most likely stimulated by enhanced rates of root turnover and root exudation. We found a significant positive effect of grazing on potential N mineralization rates measured in the laboratory, but this difference did not translate to  in situ  net mineralization measured monthly from May to September. Rates of denitrification were lowest in the grazed marsh and appeared to be limited by nitrate availability, possibly due to more anoxic conditions and lower rates of nitrification. The major effect of grazing on N cycling therefore appeared to be in limiting losses of N through denitrification, which may lead to enhanced nutrient availability to saltmarsh plants, but a reduced ability of the marsh to act as a buffer for land-derived nutrients to adjacent coastal areas. Additionally, we investigated if grazing influences the rates of turnover of labile and refractory C in saltmarsh soils by adding  14 C-labelled leaf litter or root exudates to soil samples and monitoring the evolution of  14 CO 2 . Grazing had little effect on the rates of mineralization of  14 C used as a respiratory substrate, but a larger proportion of  14 C was partitioned into microbial biomass and immobilized in long- and medium-term storage pools in the grazed treatment. Grazing slowed down the turnover of the microbial biomass, which resulted in longer turnover times for both leaf litter and root exudates. Grazing may therefore affect the longevity of C in the soil and alter C storage and utilization pathways in the microbial community.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "herbivory", "carbon cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "salinity", "saltmarsh vegetation", "soil compaction", "13. Climate action", "nitrogen cycle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nitrogen mineralization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.11.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:16:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-18", "title": "Productivity Affects The Density-Body Mass Relationship Of Soil Fauna Communities", "description": "The productivity of ecosystems and their disturbance regime affect the structure of animal communities. However, it is not clear which trophic levels benefit the most from higher productivity or are the most impacted by disturbance. The density-body mass (DBM) relationship has been shown to reflect changes in the structure of communities subjected to environmental modifications, so far, mainly in aquatic systems. We tested how different seawater inundation frequencies and cattle grazing, which both disturbed and impacted the productivity of a terrestrial system, a salt marsh, affected the size structure of soil fauna communities, expressed by their DBM relationship. We hypothesized that either: (1) all the trophic levels of soil fauna would benefit from higher productivity (i.e., amount of litter mass), reflected by a higher Y-intercept of the DBM relationship; (2) only smaller animals would benefit, reflected by a lower slope of the relationship; (3) or only larger animals would benefit, reflected by a higher slope of the relationship. We collected a large range of soil fauna from different elevation levels in grazed and ungrazed areas, thence subjected to different levels of productivity, represented by litter mass, with the most inundated and grazed area as the least productive one. Considering that pore size must be smaller in inundated and grazed areas, productivity seemed to be a greater factor influencing species distribution than soil structure. We found slopes lower than-0.75, showing that large animals dominated the community. However, a difference between the DBM relationships of the most and least frequently inundated ungrazed sites indicated that higher productivity benefited the smaller animals. Our findings show that high productivity does not equally affect the different trophic levels of this soil fauna community, suggesting inefficient transfers of energy from one trophic level to another, as smaller species benefitted more from higher productivity. \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd.", "keywords": ["population-density", "0106 biological sciences", "abundance", "plant-species richness", "rain-forest", "size relationships", "energetic equivalence rule", "intermediate disturbance hypothesis", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "forest mull", "salt-marsh", "13. Climate action", "food webs", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.02.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.06.021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:16:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-03", "title": "Disturbance-Diversity Relationships For Soil Fauna Are Explained By Faunal Community Biomass In A Salt Marsh", "description": "Disturbance-diversity relationships have long been studied in ecology with a unimodal relationship as the key prediction. Although this relationship has been widely contested, it is rarely tested for soil invertebrate fauna, an important component of terrestrial biodiversity. We tested disturbance-diversity relationships for soil meso- and macrofauna in a salt marsh where periodic sea water inundation and cattle grazing occur as stressors. We hypothesized a unimodal inundation frequency-diversity relationship, whereas we expected grazing to overrule the effects of inundation frequency due to its large effects on the habitat of soil fauna. We found a negative relationship between inundation frequency and diversity at the ungrazed sites and no relationship at the grazed sites. Moreover, we found a negative relationship between community biomass and diversity for soil fauna that may have caused this negative disturbance-diversity relationship. Community biomass at the intermediate inundation frequency increased due to the dominance of Orchestia gammarellus (a macro-detritivore species), which could exploit low quality litters at the ungrazed sites. We highlight that the negative relationship between faunal community biomass and faunal diversity may influence disturbance-diversity relationships and illustrate that total biomass distribution of feeding guilds of soil fauna can improve our understanding of the soil fauna response to stressors in salt marshes. \u00a9 2014 Elsevier Ltd.", "keywords": ["COLLEMBOLA", "DYNAMICS", "0106 biological sciences", "Salt marsh", "productivity", "Feeding guilds", "SUCCESSION", "COMPETITION", "01 natural sciences", "COEXISTENCE", "RICHNESS", "patterns", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "14. Life underwater", "Orchestia gammarellus", "INTERMEDIATE DISTURBANCE", "Intermediate disturbance hypothesis", "PRODUCTIVITY", "coexistence", "SPECIES-DIVERSITY", "collembola", "Soil invertebrate fauna", "dynamics", "intermediate disturbance", "15. Life on land", "succession", "species-diversity", "PATTERNS", "competition", "richness"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.06.021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.06.021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.06.021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.06.021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11850/636573", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:25:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-04", "title": "Root phenotypes for improved nitrogen capture", "description": "Abstract               Background               <p>Suboptimal nitrogen availability is a primary constraint for crop production in low-input agroecosystems, while nitrogen fertilization is a primary contributor to the energy, economic, and environmental costs of crop production in high-input agroecosystems. In this article we consider avenues to develop crops with improved nitrogen capture and reduced requirement for nitrogen fertilizer.</p>                            Scope               <p>Intraspecific variation for an array of root phenotypes has been associated with improved nitrogen capture in cereal crops, including architectural phenotypes that colocalize root foraging with nitrogen availability in the soil; anatomical phenotypes that reduce the metabolic costs of soil exploration, improve penetration of hard soil, and exploit the rhizosphere; subcellular phenotypes that reduce the nitrogen requirement of plant tissue; molecular phenotypes exhibiting optimized nitrate uptake kinetics; and rhizosphere phenotypes that optimize associations with the rhizosphere microbiome. For each of these topics we provide examples of root phenotypes which merit attention as potential selection targets for crop improvement. Several cross-cutting issues are addressed including the importance of soil hydrology and impedance, phenotypic plasticity, integrated phenotypes, in silico modeling, and breeding strategies using high throughput phenotyping for co-optimization of multiple phenes.</p>                            Conclusions               <p>Substantial phenotypic variation exists in crop germplasm for an array of root phenotypes that improve nitrogen capture. Although this topic merits greater research attention than it currently receives, we have adequate understanding and tools to develop crops with improved nitrogen capture. Root phenotypes are underutilized yet attractive breeding targets for the development of the nitrogen efficient crops urgently needed in global agriculture.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Plasticity", "Marschner Review", "Nitrogen", "Physiology", "Nitrogen; Root; Anatomy; Architecture; Soil; Crop breeding; Root phenotyping; Modeling; Rhizosphere; Plasticity; Physiology", "Modeling", "Root phenotyping", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Root", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Architecture", "Rhizosphere", "Crop breeding", "Anatomy", "FOS: Civil engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.11850/636573"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.11850/636573", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.11850/636573", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.11850/636573"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-020-15622-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-05", "title": "Sustained fluvial deposition recorded in Mars\u2019 Noachian stratigraphic record", "description": "Abstract<p>Orbital observation has revealed a rich record of fluvial landforms on Mars, with much of this record dating 3.6\uffe2\uff80\uff933.0 Ga. Despite widespread geomorphic evidence, few analyses of Mars\uffe2\uff80\uff99 alluvial sedimentary-stratigraphic record exist, with detailed studies of alluvium largely limited to smaller sand-bodies amenable to study in-situ by rovers. These typically metre-scale outcrop dimensions have prevented interpretation of larger scale channel-morphology and long-term basin evolution, vital for understanding the past Martian climate. Here we give an interpretation of a large sedimentary succession at Izola mensa within the NW Hellas Basin rim. The succession comprises channel and barform packages which together demonstrate that river deposition was already well established &gt;3.7 Ga. The deposits mirror terrestrial analogues subject to low-peak discharge variation, implying that river deposition at Izola was subject to sustained, potentially perennial, fluvial flow. Such conditions would require an environment capable of maintaining large volumes of water for extensive time-periods, necessitating a precipitation-driven hydrological cycle.</p>", "keywords": ["550", "Science", "General Biochemistry", "Genetics and Molecular Biology", "Q", "500", "General Physics and Astronomy", "Geomorphology", "General Chemistry", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "12. Responsible consumption", "Sedimentology", " Stratigraphy", " Fluvial Deposits", " Mars", " Sedimentary Deposits", "[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology", "13. Climate action", "Inner planets", "[SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://oro.open.ac.uk/70442/1/70442.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-15622-0.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15622-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-020-15622-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-020-15622-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-020-15622-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2022je007190", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-25", "title": "InSight Pressure Data Recalibration, and Its Application to the Study of Long-Term Pressure Changes on Mars", "description": "Abstract<p>Observations of the South Polar Residual Cap suggest a possible erosion of the cap, leading to an increase of the global mass of the atmosphere. We test this assumption by making the first comparison between Viking 1 and InSight surface pressure data, which were recorded 40\uffc2\uffa0years apart. Such a comparison also allows us to determine changes in the dynamics of the seasonal ice caps between these two periods. To do so, we first had to recalibrate the InSight pressure data because of their unexpected sensitivity to the sensor temperature. Then, we had to design a procedure to compare distant pressure measurements. We propose two surface pressure interpolation methods at the local and global scale to do the comparison. The comparison of Viking and InSight seasonal surface pressure variations does not show changes larger than \uffc2\uffb18\uffc2\uffa0Pa in the CO2 cycle. Such conclusions are supported by an analysis of Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) pressure data. Further comparisons with images of the south seasonal cap taken by the Viking 2 orbiter and MARCI camera do not display significant changes in the dynamics of this cap over a 40\uffc2\uffa0year period. Only a possible larger extension of the North Cap after the global storm of MY 34 is observed, but the physical mechanisms behind this anomaly are not well determined. Finally, the first comparison of MSL and InSight pressure data suggests a pressure deficit at Gale crater during southern summer, possibly resulting from a large presence of dust suspended within the crater.</p>", "keywords": ["Atmospheric sciences", "550", "Astronomy", "Atmosphere (unit)", "FOS: Mechanical engineering", "Library science", "Oceanography", "01 natural sciences", "CO<SUB>2</SUB> ice", "pressure", "Mars Exploration Program", "Engineering", "Surface pressure", "Storm", "Martian Climate", "Space Suit Design and Ergonomics for EVA", "Martian Atmosphere", "Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)", "Climatology", "Global and Planetary Change", "Geography", "Martian Surface", "Physics", "Geology", "Impact crater", "Condensed matter physics", "Anomaly (physics)", "World Wide Web", "Algorithm", "Satellite Observations", "Residual", "Physical Sciences", "Exploration and Study of Mars", "Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics", "Research Article", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Mars", "Aerospace Engineering", "Pressure gradient", "Environmental science", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "atmospheric mass", "Meteorology", "Orbiter", "0103 physical sciences", "Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)", "Formation and Evolution of the Solar System", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Pressure system", "CO 2 ice", "Astronomy and Astrophysics", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Astrobiology", "Computer science", "Physics and Astronomy", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "13. Climate action", "Global Methane Emissions and Impacts", "Environmental Science", "cap sublimation", "Water on Mars", "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2022JE007190"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2022je007190"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Planets", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2022je007190", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2022je007190", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2022je007190"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1009727804007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-22", "description": "<p>Micropatterns induced by sheep grazing, were studied in three consecutive years in a Festuca rubra-dominated salt marsh in a grazing trial with five different stocking rates (0, 1.5, 3, 4.5 and 10 sheep ha(-1)). The micropatterns were formed by a mosaic of short and tall F. rubra stands on a scale of square decimeters. Permanent transects of 2 m x 10 m were used to study the stability of these patterns, and to analyze interactions between the vegetation, the marsh elevation and the sheep. Micropatterns occurred only in the lightly to moderately grazed paddocks (1.5-4.5 sheep ha(-1)) with the highest spatial diversity in the 3 sheep ha(-1) transect. When grazing was excluded, micropatterns did not develop; nor did they develop in the traditionally and most intensively grazed paddock (10 sheep ha(-1)). Detailed observations in one year showed that crude-protein content did not differ between green leaves from the short and tall stands, whereas in vitro digestibility was slightly higher in the short stands. In the same year, tiller density and length of full-grown leaves increased substantially in both stands from May to September. At the same time, sheep preference shifted from tall to short stands, which suggests an interplay between intake rate and digestibility in the sheep selectivity.</p><p>Seven years after establishment of the grazing trial, the 10 sheep ha(-1) transect still showed a smooth relief typical of the starting point of the other transects. These transects developed a more hummocky topography, with the highest spatial diversity occurring on the 1.5 sheep ha(-1) transect. Marsh elevations were on average up to 3 cm lower in the short than in the tall stands, which indicates that the somewhat lower-elevated patches were grazed more intensively than the higher-elevated patches.</p><p>In most cases, micropatterns changed from one year to the other, probably due to weather fluctuations. The incidence of tall stands was influenced by the rainfall balance. If the incidences of both the short and the tall stands were around 50%, however, the micropatterns showed a clear correlation with the marsh elevation. The rainfall balance seemed therefore a decisive factor for a possible correspondence between micropatterns in two consecutive years. Elevation differences were so subtle that greater than average sedimentation during a winter season could change the elevation pattern. Hence both rainfall balance and winter sedimentation counteracted the stability of the micropatterns. During our three-year study period, micropatterns were only stable in one out of six possible paired comparisons. This low micropattern stability contrasts with other studies in inland environments, which shows that in more dynamic environments, abiotic processes are likely to overrule summer grazing in determining vegetation patterns.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Festuca rubra", "GRASSLAND", "GEESE", "CATTLE", "grazing pattern", "AFFECTING DIET SELECTION", "micropattern", "15. Life on land", "BIOMASS", "GRASSES", "salt marsh", "herbivore selectivity", "PATCH CHOICE", "sheep grazing", "EARLY ESTABLISHMENT", "COMMUNITIES", "GERMINATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009727804007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1009727804007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1009727804007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1009727804007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2018JE005899", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-09", "title": "Initiation and Flow Conditions of Contemporary Flows in Martian Gullies", "description": "<p>         &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Understanding the initial and flow conditions of contemporary flows in Martian gullies, generally believed to be triggered and fluidized by CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; sublimation, is crucial for deciphering climate conditions needed to trigger and sustain them. We employ the RAMMS (RApid Mass Movement Simulation) debris flow and avalanche model to back-calculate initial and flow conditions of recent flows in three gullies in Hale crater. We infer minimum release depths of 1.0&amp;amp;#8211;1.5 m and initial release volumes of 100&amp;amp;#8211;200 m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;. Entrainment leads to final flow volumes that are 2.5&amp;amp;#8211;5.5 times larger than initially released, and entrainment is found necessary to match the observed flow deposits. Simulated mean cross-channel flow velocities decrease from 3&amp;amp;#8211;4 m s&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; to ~1 m s&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; from release area to flow terminus, while flow depths generally decrease from 0.5&amp;amp;#8211;1 m to 0.1&amp;amp;#8211;0.2 m. The mean cross-channel erosion depth and deposition thicknesses are _0.1&amp;amp;#8211;0.3 m. Back-calculated dry-Coulomb friction ranges from 0.1 to 0.25 and viscous turbulent friction between 100&amp;amp;#8211;200 m s&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, which are values similar to those of granular debris flows on Earth. These results suggest that recent flows in gullies are fluidized to a similar degree as are granular debris flows on Earth. Using a novel model for mass-flow fluidization by CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; sublimation we are able to show that under Martian atmospheric conditions very small volumetric fractions of CO&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; of ~1% within mass flows may indeed yield sufficiently large gas fluxes to cause fluidization and enhance flow mobility.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;         </p>", "keywords": ["Atmospheric Science", "550", "[SDU.STU.GM] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geomorphology", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Soil Science", "Mars", "Hale crater", "02 engineering and technology", "Aquatic Science", "carbon dioxide; gullies; Hale crater; Mars; modeling; RAMMS", "551", "Oceanography", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology", "Geochemistry and Petrology", "Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Research Articles", "Water Science and Technology", "Earth-Surface Processes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Ecology", "Palaeontology", "carbon dioxide", "Forestry", "modeling", "RAMMS", "Geophysics", "Space and Planetary Science", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology", "gullies"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://dro.dur.ac.uk/28802/1/28802.pdf"}, {"href": "http://dro.dur.ac.uk/28802/2/28802.pdf"}, {"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018JE005899"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2018JE005899"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Planets", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2018JE005899", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2018JE005899", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2018JE005899"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2018je005802", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-22", "title": "Geological Evidence of Planet\u2010Wide Groundwater System on Mars", "description": "Abstract<p>The scale of groundwater upwelling on Mars, as well as its relation to sedimentary systems, remains an ongoing debate. Several deep craters (basins) in the northern equatorial regions show compelling signs that large amounts of water once existed on Mars at a planet\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide scale. The presence of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90formed features, including fluvial Gilbert and sapping deltas fed by sapping valleys, constitute strong evidence of groundwater upwelling resulting in long term standing bodies of water inside the basins. Terrestrial field evidence shows that sapping valleys can occur in basalt bedrock and not only in unconsolidated sediments. A hypothesis that considers the elevation differences between the observed morphologies and the assumed basal groundwater level is presented and described as the \uffe2\uff80\uff9cdike\uffe2\uff80\uff90confined water\uffe2\uff80\uff9d model, already present on Earth and introduced for the first time in the Martian geological literature. Only the deepest basins considered in this study, those with bases deeper than \uffe2\uff88\uff924000\uffc2\uffa0m in elevation below the Mars datum, intercepted the water\uffe2\uff80\uff90saturated zone and exhibit evidence of groundwater fluctuations. The discovery of these groundwater discharge sites on a planet\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide scale strongly suggests a link between the putative Martian ocean and various configurations of sedimentary deposits that were formed as a result of groundwater fluctuations during the Hesperian period. This newly recognized evidence of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90formed features significantly increases the chance that biosignatures could be buried in the sediment. These deep basins (groundwater\uffe2\uff80\uff90fed lakes) will be of interest to future exploration missions as they might provide evidence of geological conditions suitable for life.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0103 physical sciences", "Gilbert Delta; Mars; groundwater; lakes; sapping valley; sedimentology.", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Research Articles", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ricerca.unich.it/bitstream/11564/702001/1/Salese_et_al-2019-Journal_of_Geophysical_Research__Planets-print.pdf"}, {"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018JE005802"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2018je005802"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Planets", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2018je005802", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2018je005802", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2018je005802"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-018-07191-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-09", "title": "Martian magmatism from plume metasomatized mantle.", "description": "Abstract<p>Direct analysis of the composition of Mars is possible through delivery of meteorites to Earth. Martian meteorites include \uffe2\uff88\uffbc165 to 2400\uffe2\uff80\uff89Ma shergottites, originating from depleted to enriched mantle sources, and \uffe2\uff88\uffbc1340\uffe2\uff80\uff89Ma nakhlites and chassignites, formed by low degree partial melting of a depleted mantle source. To date, no unified model has been proposed to explain the petrogenesis of these distinct rock types, despite their importance for understanding the formation and evolution of Mars. Here we report a coherent geochemical dataset for shergottites, nakhlites and chassignites revealing fundamental differences in sources. Shergottites have lower Nb/Y at a given Zr/Y than nakhlites or chassignites, a relationship nearly identical to terrestrial Hawaiian main shield and rejuvenated volcanism. Nakhlite and chassignite compositions are consistent with melting of hydrated and metasomatized depleted mantle lithosphere, whereas shergottite melts originate from deep mantle sources. Generation of martian magmas can be explained by temporally distinct melting episodes within and below dynamically supported and variably metasomatized lithosphere, by long-lived, static mantle plumes.</p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "550", "SM-ND", "Science", "Astronomical Sciences", "ISOTOPIC SYSTEMATICS", "DEPLETED MANTLE", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "DIFFERENTIATION HISTORY", "03 medical and health sciences", "MAUNA-KEA VOLCANO", "REJUVENATED VOLCANISM", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "RB-SR", "Q", "500", "MARS", "Geology", "Geochemistry", "Geophysics", "13. Climate action", "Physical Sciences", "Earth Sciences", "HAWAIIAN HOT-SPOT", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "MIDOCEAN RIDGE BASALT"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-07191-0.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt7g21x5tx/qt7g21x5tx.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07191-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-018-07191-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-018-07191-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-018-07191-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/2752-664x/ac706a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:18:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-17", "title": "Spartina alterniflora has the highest methane emissions in a St. Lawrence estuary salt marsh", "description": "Abstract                <p>Salt marshes have the ability to store large amounts of \uffe2\uff80\uff98blue carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff99, potentially mitigating some of the effects of climate change. Salt marsh carbon storage may be partially offset by emissions of CH4, a highly potent greenhouse gas. Sea level rise and invasive vegetation may cause shifts between different elevation and vegetation zones in salt marsh ecosystems. Elevation zones have distinct soil properties, plant traits and rhizosphere characteristics, which affect CH4 fluxes. We investigated differences in CH4 emissions between four elevation zones (mudflat, Spartina alterniflora, Spartina patens and invasive Phragmites australis) typical of salt marshes in the northern Northwest Atlantic. CH4 emissions were significantly higher from the S. alterniflora zone (17.7 \uffc2\uffb1 9.7 mg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) compared to the other three zones, where emissions were negligible (&lt;0.3 mg C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922h\uffe2\uff88\uff921). These emissions were high for salt marshes and were similar to those typically found in oligohaline marshes with lower salinities. CH4 fluxes were significantly correlated with soil properties (salinity, water table depth, bulk density and temperature), plant traits (rhizome volume and biomass, root volume and dead biomass volume all at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 cm) and CO2 fluxes. The relationships between CH4 emissions, and rhizome and root volume suggest that the aerenchyma tissues in these plants may be a major transport mechanism of CH4 from anoxic soils to the atmosphere. This may have major implications for the mitigation potential carbon sink from salt marshes globally, especially as S. alterniflora is widespread. This study shows CH4 fluxes can vary over orders of magnitude from different vegetation in the same system, therefore, specific emissions factors may need to be used in future climate models and for more accurate carbon budgeting depending on vegetation type.</p>", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "salt marsh", " methane", " elevation zone", " spartina alterniflora", " spartina patens", " mudflat", " phragmites australis", " quebec", " st lawrence river", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-664x/ac706a"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%3A%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/2752-664x/ac706a", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/2752-664x/ac706a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/2752-664x/ac706a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1089/ast.2019.2132", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:18:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-29", "title": "Fluvial Regimes, Morphometry, and Age of Jezero Crater Paleolake Inlet Valleys and Their Exobiological Significance for the 2020 Rover Mission Landing Site", "description": "Jezero crater has been selected as the landing site for the Mars 2020 Perseverance rover, because it contains a paleolake with two fan-deltas, inlet and outlet valleys. Using the data from the High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) and the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE), we conducted a quantitative geomorphological study of the inlet valleys of the Jezero paleolake. Results show that the strongest erosion is related to a network of deep valleys that cut into the highland bedrock well upstream of the Jezero crater and likely formed before the formation of the regional olivine-rich unit. In contrast, the lower sections of valleys display poor bedrock erosion and a lack of tributaries but are characterized by the presence of pristine landforms interpreted as fluvial bars from preserved channels, the discharge rates of which have been estimated at 103-104 m3s-1. The valleys' lower sections postdate the olivine-rich unit, are linked directly to the fan-deltas, and are thus formed in an energetic, late stage of activity. Although a Late Noachian age for the fan-deltas' formation is not excluded based on crosscutting relationships and crater counts, this indicates evidence of a Hesperian age with significant implications for exobiology.", "keywords": ["Geologic Sediments", "550", "landing site", "Extraterrestrial Environment", "Datasets as Topic", "Magnesium Compounds", "Mars", "01 natural sciences", "HRSC", "HiRISE", "[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology", "Taverne", "Exobiology", "0103 physical sciences", "Perseverance rover", "Off-Road Motor Vehicles", "Spacecraft", "fluvial landforms", "Fluvial deposits", " Sedimentology", " Landing site", " Mars", " Perseverance rover", "", "Landing site", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Silicates", "500", "15. Life on land", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)", "Fluvial landforms", "Lakes", "Space and Planetary Science", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology", "Iron Compounds"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/ast.2019.2132"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2019.2132"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Astrobiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1089/ast.2019.2132", "name": "item", "description": "10.1089/ast.2019.2132", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1089/ast.2019.2132"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1089/ast.2020.2228", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:18:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-21", "title": "Estimated Minimum Life Span of the Jezero Fluvial Delta (Mars)", "description": "The paleo-lake floor at the edge of the Jezero delta has been selected as the NASA 2020 rover landing site. In this article, we demonstrate the sequences of lake filling and delta formation and constrain the minimum life span of the Jezero paleo-lake from sedimentological and hydrological analyses. Two main phases of delta evolution can be recognized by utilizing imagery provided by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter) and High Resolution Stereo Camera (ESA Mars Express): (1) basin infilling before the breaching of the Jezero rim and (2) the delta formation itself. Our results suggest that delta formation occurred over a minimum period of 90-550 years of hydrological activity. Breaching of the Jezero rim occurred in at least three distinct episodes, which spanned a far longer time-period than overall delta formation. This evolutionary history implies that the Jezero-lake floor would have been a haven for fine-grained sediment accumulation and hosted an active environment of significant astrobiological importance.", "keywords": ["Geologic Sediments", "Evolution", " Chemical", "550", "Extraterrestrial Environment", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Mars", "Neretva Vallis", "15. Life on land", "Jezero fan-delta", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences (miscellaneous)", "01 natural sciences", "Fluvial activity", "Lake", "Lakes", "[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology", "Space and Planetary Science", "13. Climate action", "Taverne", "Exobiology", "0103 physical sciences", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Sedimentology", " Fluvial activity", " Jezero fan-delta", " Lake", " Landing site", " Mars", " Neretva Vallis", "[SDU.STU.PL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology", "Landing site", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/ast.2020.2228"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2020.2228"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Astrobiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1089/ast.2020.2228", "name": "item", "description": "10.1089/ast.2020.2228", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1089/ast.2020.2228"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1526-100x.2002.01037.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-12", "title": "Using Functional Trajectories To Track Constructed Salt Marsh Development In The Great Bay Estuary, Maine/New Hampshire, Usa", "description": "Abstract<p>A growing number of studies have assessed the functional equivalency of restored and natural salt marshes. Several of these have explored the use of functional trajectories to track the increase in restored marsh function over time; however, these studies have disagreed as to the usefulness of such models in long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term predictions of restored marsh development. We compared indicators of four marsh functions (primary production, soil organic matter accumulation, sediment trapping, and maintenance of plant communities) in 6 restored and 11 reference (matched to restored marshes using principal components analysis) salt marshes in the Great Bay Estuary. The restored marshes were all constructed and planted on imported substrate and ranged in age from 1 to 14 years. We used marsh age in a space\uffe2\uff80\uff90for\uffe2\uff80\uff90time substitution to track constructed salt marsh development and explore the use of trajectories. A high degree of variability was observed among natural salt marsh sites, displaying the importance of carefully chosen reference sites. As expected, mean values for constructed site (n = 6) and reference site (n = 11) functions were significantly different. Using constructed marsh age as the independent variable and functional indicator values as dependent variables, nonlinear regression analyses produced several ecologically meaningful trajectories (r\uffe2\uff80\uff832&gt; 0.9), demonstrating that the use of different\uffe2\uff80\uff90aged marshes can be a viable approach to developing functional trajectories. The trajectories illustrated that although indicators of some functions (primary production, sediment deposition, and plant species richness) may reach natural site values relatively quickly (&lt;10 years), others (soil organic matter content) will take longer.</p>", "keywords": ["salt marsh", "0106 biological sciences", "restoration", "trajectory", "functional equivalency", "creation", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "wetland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Morgan, Pamela A., Short, Frederick T.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2002.01037.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Restoration%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1526-100x.2002.01037.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1526-100x.2002.01037.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1526-100x.2002.01037.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-08-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1055/s-2001-17730", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-26", "title": "The Impact Of Sheep Grazing On Net Nitrogen Mineralization Rate In Two Temperate Salt Marshes", "description": "<p>Abstract:  Nitrogen mineralization rate was studied in grazing trials with three different stocking rates (0, 3, 10 sheep ha\uffe2\uff80\uff901) in two man\uffe2\uff80\uff90made salt marshes, viz. a Puccinellia maritima\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated low salt marsh and a high salt marsh dominated by Festuca rubra. Mineralization rates were derived from the amounts of mineral N which accumulated in situ during six\uffe2\uff80\uff90week incubation periods in tubes containing undisturbed soil cores from the upper 10 cm soil layer. The annual rates of net N mineralization were significantly higher in the better drained, high salt marsh (71 \uffe2\uff80\uff90 81 kg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff901 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff901) than in the low salt marsh (39 \uffe2\uff80\uff90 49 kg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff901 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff901). High amounts of belowground litter accumulated in the low salt marsh due to frequent water logging. Both N mineralization and nitrification rate were negatively correlated with soil water content. In the Puccinellia maritima salt marsh, grazing had neither an effect on N mineralization rates during any of the incubation periods nor on annual mineralization rates. In the Festuca rubra salt marsh, N mineralization rates increased earlier during spring at the intensively grazed site than at the moderately grazed and the ungrazed site. N mineralization and nitrification rates were significantly higher at the ungrazed site than at the intensively grazed site during the period of peak net N mineralization from the end of April until mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90June. Although sheep grazing affected the seasonal pattern of N mineralization in the high marsh, grazing did not affect the annual rate of net N mineralization.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "LIMITATION", "seasonality", "SUCCESSION", "MICROBIAL BIOMASS", "15. Life on land", "grazing experiment", "01 natural sciences", "nitrification", "salt marsh", "zonation", "PSEUDOREPLICATION", "vegetation", "PLANT-GROWTH", "HERBIVORES", "ECOSYSTEM", "VEGETATION", "nitrogen mineralization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-17730"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1055/s-2001-17730", "name": "item", "description": "10.1055/s-2001-17730", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1055/s-2001-17730"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/00063657.2013.781112", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-29", "title": "Continued Declines Of Redshank Tringa Totanus Breeding On Saltmarsh In Great Britain: Is There A Solution To This Conservation Problem?", "description": "Capsule: Over 50% of saltmarsh breeding Common Redshank have been lost since 1985, with current conservation management having only limited success at halting these declines. Aims: To update population size and trend estimates for saltmarsh-breeding Redshank in Britain, and to determine whether conservation management implemented since 1996 has been successful in influencing grazing intensity and Redshank population trends. Methods: A repeat national survey of British saltmarsh was conducted in 2011 at sites previously visited in 1985 and 1996. Redshank breeding density and grazing pressure were recorded at all sites; the presence of conservation management was additionally recorded for English sites. Results from all three national surveys were used to update population size and trend estimates, and to investigate changes in grazing pressure and breeding density on sites with and without conservation management. Results: Of the 21\u00a0431 pairs breeding on saltmarsh in 1985, 11\u00a0946 pairs remained in 2011, wi...", "keywords": ["saltmarsh", "0106 biological sciences", "redshank", "conservation", "decline", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2013.781112"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bird%20Study", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/00063657.2013.781112", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/00063657.2013.781112", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/00063657.2013.781112"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/avsc.12195", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:18:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-21", "title": "What Factors Determined Restoration Success Of A Salt Marsh Ten Years After De-Embankment?", "description": "AbstractQuestions<p>How successful was the restoration of a salt marsh at a former summer polder on the mainland coast of the Dutch Wadden Sea 10\uffc2\uffa0yr after de\uffe2\uff80\uff90embankment? What were the most important factors determining the level of restoration success?</p>Location<p>Noard\uffe2\uff80\uff90Frysl\uffc3\uffa2n B\uffc3\uffbbtendyks, northwest Netherlands.</p>Methods<p>The frequencies of target plant species were recorded before de\uffe2\uff80\uff90embankment and monitored thereafter (1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 10\uffc2\uffa0yr later) using permanent transects. Vegetation change was monitored using repeated mapping 14\uffc2\uffa0yr before and 1, 7 and 10\uffc2\uffa0yr after de\uffe2\uff80\uff90embankment. A large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale factorial experiment with 72 sampling plots was set up to determine the effects of distance to a breach point, distance to a creek and grazing treatment on species composition. Abiotic data were also collected from the permanent transects and sampling plots on elevation, soil salinity and redox potential.</p>Results<p>Ten years after de\uffe2\uff80\uff90embankment, permanent transect data showed that 78% to 96% of the target species were found at the restoration site. Vegetation mapping, however, showed that the diversity of salt marsh communities was low, with 50% of the site covered by the secondary pioneer marsh community. A multivariate analogue of ANOVA indicated that the most important experimental factor determining species composition was the interaction between distance to the nearest creek and livestock grazing. The combination of proximity to a creek and exclusion from livestock grazing always resulted in development of the high marsh community. In contrast, the combination of being located far from a creek, grazed and situated at low elevation with accompanying high salinity resulted in development of the secondary pioneer marsh community.</p>Conclusions<p>Using target species as criteria, restoration success could be claimed 10\uffc2\uffa0yr after de\uffe2\uff80\uff90embankment. However, the diversity of communities in the salt marsh was lower than desired. Variable grazing regimes should be applied to high\uffe2\uff80\uff90elevation areas to prevent dominance by single species of tall grasses and to promote formation of vegetation mosaics. Low\uffe2\uff80\uff90elevation areas need lower grazing pressure. Also, an adequate soil drainage network should be preserved or constructed in low\uffe2\uff80\uff90elevation areas before de\uffe2\uff80\uff90embankment.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Salinity", "LAND", "Managed realignment", "Artificial saltmarsh", "NETHERLANDS", "Soil redox", "WADDEN SEA", "Soil drainage", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Long-term study", "COLONIZATION", "Grazing", "Halophytes", "Elevation", "14. Life underwater", "MANAGED REALIGNMENT", "ELEVATION", "SCALE"], "contacts": [{"organization": "R.M. Veeneklaas, Petra Daniels, Jan P. Bakker, E. R. Chang, Peter Esselink,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12195"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/avsc.12195", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/avsc.12195", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/avsc.12195"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/jvs.12317", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-24", "title": "Large Herbivores Change The Direction Of Interactions Within Plant Communities Along A Salt Marsh Stress Gradient", "description": "AbstractQuestion<p>How multiple abiotic stress factors combined with herbivory affect interactions within plant communities is poorly understood. We ask how large herbivore grazing affects the direction of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant interactions along an environmental gradient in a salt marsh.</p>Location<p>Grazed (cattle) and ungrazed salt marshes of the Dutch Wadden Sea island Schiermonnikoog. Here, patches of tall plant communities, dominated by the tough, unpalatable species Juncus maritimus Lam., are found alternating with low\uffe2\uff80\uff90statured, intensively grazed plant communities.</p>Methods<p>Along the inundation gradient, we measured plant species composition and plant species traits (specific leaf area, specific root length, maximum height and abundance) inside and outside J.\uffc2\uffa0maritimus patches in grazed and ungrazed areas. In addition, we measured soil structure parameters (bulk density, soil porosity, clay depth), multiple limiting conditions for plant growth (soil salinity, soil redox, plant canopy light interception), plant biomass, presence of herbivores and abundance of soil macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90detritivores.</p>Results<p>Under grazing, the palatable grasses Elytrigia atherica (Link) Kergu\uffc3\uffa9len and Festuca rubra L. were positively associated with J.\uffc2\uffa0maritimus, while shade\uffe2\uff80\uff90intolerant Puccinellia maritima (Huds.) Parl. and Juncus gerardii\uffc2\uffa0 Loisel. were negatively associated with this species. Furthermore, macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90detritivore presence was higher inside J.\uffc2\uffa0maritimus patches. In ungrazed areas E.\uffc2\uffa0atherica and F.\uffc2\uffa0rubra were negatively associated with J.\uffc2\uffa0maritimus, while P.\uffc2\uffa0maritima and J.\uffc2\uffa0gerardii were rare. In both grazed and ungrazed conditions the directions of species associations were independent of the inundation gradient. Analysis of species traits and abiotic conditions suggested that associational resistance (a facilitation type) was important in grazed areas. In ungrazed areas, light competition was the likely dominant process.</p>Conclusions<p>The direction of species associations within these salt marsh communities was strongly affected by grazing, not by the underlying stress gradient. Measurement of species traits indicated that plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant interactions shifted from competitive to facilitative under grazing. Besides grazing, cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90trophic facilitation of soil disturbing macro\uffe2\uff80\uff90detritivores may play an important \uffe2\uff80\uff93 thus far ignored \uffe2\uff80\uff93 role in structuring plant communities.</p>", "keywords": ["Plant traits", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Salt marsh", "Macro-detritivores", "SUCCESSION", "Stress gradient hypothesis", "PREDICTIONS", "COMPETITION", "HALOPHYTES", "15. Life on land", "ALKALI GRASSLANDS", "FACILITATION", "01 natural sciences", "POSITIVE SPECIES INTERACTIONS", "Grazing", "Plant-plant interactions", "FUNCTIONAL TRAITS", "Trampling", "Orchestia gammarellus Pallas. 1766", "BIOTURBATION", "Facilitation", "Juncus maritimus Lam.", "VEGETATION", "Multiple stressors"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jvs.12317"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Vegetation%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/jvs.12317", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/jvs.12317", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/jvs.12317"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12176", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:18:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-04", "title": "Impact Of Cattle Grazing On Temperate Coastal Salt Marsh Soils", "description": "Abstract<p>Over the last two decades, grazing intensity has increased in the temperate salt marshes of Samboromb\uffc3\uffb3n Bay (Argentina) due to agricultural expansion and the displacement of domestic livestock to these areas. We investigated the effect of cattle grazing on soil chemical and physical properties in the higher (HE), medium (ME) and lower (LE) elevation levels of this temperate salt marsh. Soil data were collected from both a National Park, where cattle grazing has been excluded for more than 35\uffc2\uffa0yrs, and an adjacent commercial livestock farm continuously grazed by cattle. We found that soil salinity was greater on the grazed than on the ungrazed sites, especially those in theMEandLE. This could be related to the upward flow of salts from the saline groundwater, driven by the increase in the proportion of bare soil on grazed sites. The increase in soil salinity changed the plant community structure through the increase of salt\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerant and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90palatable species and the decrease of palatable species. Soil physical variables (soil bulk density and soil bearing capacity) were also higher on the grazed than on the ungrazed sites, which can be related to the decrease in soil organic matter (SOM), and suggest an incipient compaction process; however, the values were still lower than those considered critical for plant growth in clay soils. These results suggest that continuous grazing management in this temperate salt marsh might have negative consequences for animal production and ecosystem conservation, mainly related to the increased soil salinity. Further research will be necessary to evaluate the suitability of switching to intermittent grazing management.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Salinity", "Bearing Capacity", "Compaction", "Cattle Grazing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.5", "13. Climate action", "Salt Marsh Soils", "Soil Bulk Density", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "14. Life underwater"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12176"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12176", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12176", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12176"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0125404", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:19:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-06", "title": "The Contribution Of Mangrove Expansion To Salt Marsh Loss On The Texas Gulf Coast", "description": "Landscape-level shifts in plant species distribution and abundance can fundamentally change the ecology of an ecosystem. Such shifts are occurring within mangrove-marsh ecotones, where over the last few decades, relatively mild winters have led to mangrove expansion into areas previously occupied by salt marsh plants. On the Texas (USA) coast of the western Gulf of Mexico, most cases of mangrove expansion have been documented within specific bays or watersheds. Based on this body of relatively small-scale work and broader global patterns of mangrove expansion, we hypothesized that there has been a recent regional-level displacement of salt marshes by mangroves. We classified Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper images using artificial neural networks to quantify black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) expansion and salt marsh (Spartina alterniflora and other grass and forb species) loss over 20 years across the entire Texas coast. Between 1990 and 2010, mangrove area grew by 16.1 km(2), a 74% increase. Concurrently, salt marsh area decreased by 77.8 km(2), a 24% net loss. Only 6% of that loss was attributable to mangrove expansion; most salt marsh was lost due to conversion to tidal flats or water, likely a result of relative sea level rise. Our research confirmed that mangroves are expanding and, in some instances, displacing salt marshes at certain locations. However, this shift is not widespread when analyzed at a larger, regional level. Rather, local, relative sea level rise was indirectly implicated as another important driver causing regional-level salt marsh loss. Climate change is expected to accelerate both sea level rise and mangrove expansion; these mechanisms are likely to interact synergistically and contribute to salt marsh loss.", "keywords": ["Satellite Imagery", "0106 biological sciences", "Science", "Climate Change", "Marshes", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "333", "Image Interpretation", " Computer-Assisted", "11. Sustainability", "14. Life underwater", "Mangrove swamps", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Gulf of Mexico", "Artificial neural networks", "Winter", "Q", "R", "15. Life on land", "Texas", "Habitats", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "Medicine", "Avicennia", "Seasons", "Research Article"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Armitage, Anna R., Highfield, Wesley E., Brody, Samuel D., Louchouarn, Patrick,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125404"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0125404", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0125404", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0125404"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-1193625/v1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:19:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-11", "title": "On Maintenance and Metabolisms in Soil Microbial Communities", "description": "Abstract         <p>Biochemistry is an essential yet often undervalued aspect of soil ecology, especially in soil C cycling. We assume based on tradition, intuition or hope that the complexity of biochemistry is confined to the microscopic world, and can be ignored when dealing with whole soil systems. This opinion paper draws attention to patterns caused by basic biochemical processes that permeate the world of ecosystem processes. From these patterns, we can estimate activities of the biochemical reactions of the central C metabolic network and gain insights into the ecophysiology of microbial biosynthesis and growth and maintenance energy requirements; important components of Carbon Use Efficiency (CUE).The biochemical pathways used to metabolize glucose vary from soil to soil, with mostly glycolysis in some soils, and pentose phosphate or Entner-Doudoroff pathways in others. However, notwithstanding this metabolic diversity, glucose use efficiency is high and thus substrate use for maintenance energy and overflow respiration is low in these three soils. These results contradict current dogma based on four decades of research in soil ecology. We identify three main shortcomings in our current understanding of substrate use efficiency: 1) in numeric and conceptual models, we lack appreciation of the strategies that microbes employ to quickly reduce energy needs in response to starvation; 2) production of exudates and microbial turnover affect whole-soil CUE more than variation in maintenance energy demand; and 3) whether tracer experiments can be used to measure the long-term substrate use efficiency of soil microbial communities depends critically on the ability of non-growing cells to take up tracer substrates, how biosynthesis responds to these substrates, as well as on how cellular activities scale to the community level.To move the field of soil ecology forward, future research must consider the details of microbial ecophysiology and develop new tools that enable direct measurement of microbial functioning in intact soils. We submit that 13C metabolic flux analysis is one of those new tools.</p", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Embden-Meyerhof-Parnass glycolysis", "Biochemical efficiency", "Maintenance", "Entner-Doudoroff pathway", "Carbon use efficiency", "Metabolic flux analysis", "15. Life on land", "Turnover", "Grassland", "03 medical and health sciences", "Marsh", "13. Climate action", "Exudation", "Forest", "Pentose phosphate pathway"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11104-022-05382-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1193625/v1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-1193625/v1", "name": "item", "description": "10.21203/rs.3.rs-1193625/v1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1193625/v1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/08-0172.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:19:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-17", "title": "Effects Of Warming And Altered Precipitation On Plant And Nutrient Dynamics Of A New England Salt Marsh", "description": "<p>Salt marsh structure and function, and consequently ability to support a range of species and to provide ecosystem services, may be affected by climate change. To better understand how salt marshes will respond to warming and associated shifts in precipitation, we conducted a manipulative experiment in a tidal salt marsh in Massachusetts, USA. We exposed two plant communities (one dominated by Spartina patens\uffe2\uff80\uff93Distichlis spicata and one dominated by short form Spartina alterniflora) to five climate manipulations: warming via passive open\uffe2\uff80\uff90topped chambers, doubled precipitation, warming and doubled precipitation, extreme drought via rainout shelter, and ambient conditions. Modest daytime warming increased total aboveground biomass of the S. alterniflora community (24%), but not the S. patens\uffe2\uff80\uff93D. spicata community. Warming also increased maximum stem heights of S. alterniflora (8%), S. patens (8%), and D. spicata (15%). Decomposition was marginally accelerated by warming in the S. alterniflora community. Drought markedly increased total biomass of the S. alterniflora community (53%) and live S. patens (69%), perhaps by alleviating waterlogging of sediments. Decomposition was accelerated by increased precipitation and slowed by drought, particularly in the S. patens\uffe2\uff80\uff93D. spicata community. Flowering phenology responded minimally to the treatments, and pore water salinity, sulfide, ammonium, and phosphate concentrations showed no treatment effects in either plant community. Our results suggest that these salt marsh communities may be resilient to modest amounts of warming and large changes in precipitation. If production increases under climate change, marshes will have a greater ability to keep pace with sea\uffe2\uff80\uff90level rise, although an increase in decomposition could offset this. As long as marshes are not inundated by flooding due to sea\uffe2\uff80\uff90level rise, increases in aboveground biomass and stem heights suggest that marshes may continue to export carbon and nutrients to coastal waters and may be able to increase their carbon storage capability by increasing plant growth under future climate conditions.</p>", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "Spartina patens", "Time Factors", "open-topped chamber", "Light", "Rain", "Plant Development", "Distichlis spicata", "Sodium Chloride", "01 natural sciences", "Spartina alterniflora", "Distichlis spicata;", "Spartina alterniflora;", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "Temperature", "Water", "nutrient cycling", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Circadian Rhythm", "salt marsh", "climate change", "Massachusetts", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "altered precipitation", "ecosystem services"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0172.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/08-0172.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/08-0172.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/08-0172.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0185", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:20:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-22", "title": "Unweathered Wood Biochar Impact On Nitrous Oxide Emissions From A Bovine-Urine-Amended Pasture Soil", "description": "<p>Low\uffe2\uff80\uff90temperature pyrolysis of biomass produces a product known as biochar The incorporation of this material into the soil has been advocated as a C sequestration method. Biochar also has the potential to influence the soil N cycle by altering nitrification rates and by adsorbing  or NH3 Biochar can be incorporated into the soil during renovation of intensively managed pasture soils. These managed pastures are a significant source of N2O, a greenhouse gas, produced in ruminant urine patches. We hypothesized that biochar effects on the N cycle could reduce the soil inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N pool available for N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90producing mechanisms. A laboratory study was performed to examine the effect of biochar incorporation into soil (20 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) on N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N and NH3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N fluxes, and inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N transformations, following the application of bovine urine (760 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Treatments included controls (soil only and soil plus biochar), and two urine treatments (soil plus urine and soil plus biochar plus urine). Fluxes of N2O from the biochar plus urine treatment were generally higher than from urine alone during the first 30 d, but after 50 d there was no significant difference (P = 0.11) in terms of cumulative N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N emitted as a percentage of the urine N applied during the 53\uffe2\uff80\uff90d period; however, NH3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N fluxes were enhanced by approximately 3% of the N applied in the biochar plus urine treatment compared with the urine\uffe2\uff80\uff90only treatment after 17 d. Soil inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N pools differed between treatments, with higher  concentrations in the presence of biochar, indicative of lower rates of nitrification. The inorganic\uffe2\uff80\uff90N pool available for N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90producing mechanisms was not reduced, however, by adding biochar.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "bovine urine", "550", "ANZSRC::31 Biological sciences", "soil nitrogen", "ANZSRC::30 Agricultural", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "veterinary and food sciences", "Marsden::300103 Soil chemistry", "13. Climate action", "ANZSRC::41 Environmental sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0185"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0185", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0185", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0185"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/life10020014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:20:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-10", "title": "Synthetic Biology for Terraformation Lessons from Mars, Earth, and the Microbiome", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>What is the potential for synthetic biology as a way of engineering, on a large scale, complex ecosystems? Can it be used to change endangered ecological communities and rescue them to prevent their collapse? What are the best strategies for such ecological engineering paths to succeed? Is it possible to create stable, diverse synthetic ecosystems capable of persisting in closed environments? Can synthetic communities be created to thrive on planets different from ours? These and other questions pervade major future developments within synthetic biology. The goal of engineering ecosystems is plagued with all kinds of technological, scientific and ethic problems. In this paper, we consider the requirements for terraformation, i.e., for changing a given environment to make it hospitable to some given class of life forms. Although the standard use of this term involved strategies for planetary terraformation, it has been recently suggested that this approach could be applied to a very different context: ecological communities within our own planet. As discussed here, this includes multiple scales, from the gut microbiome to the entire biosphere.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Restoration ecology", "Terraformation", "Evolution", "Science", "microbiome", "Mars", "Article", "03 medical and health sciences", "evolution", "mars", "restoration ecology", "Synthetic biology", "2. Zero hunger", "drylands", "0303 health sciences", "Hypercycles", "Q", "Drylands", "Ecolog\u00eda", "15. Life on land", "terraformation", "3. Good health", "13. Climate action", "synthetic biology", "hypercycles", "Microbiome", "ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/10/2/14/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/10/2/14/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/life10020014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Life", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/life10020014", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/life10020014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/life10020014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.xsj3tx9nx", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:21:19Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-12-26", "title": "Data from: Promoting success in thin layer sediment placement: effects of sediment grain size and amendments on salt marsh plant growth and greenhouse gas exchange", "description": "unspecifiedThin layer sediment placement (TLP) is a method to mitigate factors  resulting in loss of elevation and severe alteration of hydrology, such as  sea level rise and anthropogenic modifications, and prolong the lifespan  of drowning salt marshes. However, TLP success may vary due to plant  stress associated with reductions in nutrient availability and hydrologic  flushing or through the creation of acid sulfate soils. This study  examined the influence of sediment grain size and soil amendments on plant  growth, soil and porewater characteristics, and greenhouse gas exchange  for three key US salt marsh plants: Spartina alterniflora, Spartina  patens, and Salicornia pacifica. We found that bioavailable nitrogen  concentrations (measured as extractable NH4+-N) and porewater pH and  salinity were found to have an inverse relationship with grain size, while  soil redox was more reducing in finer sediments. This suggests that  utilizing finer sediments in TLP projects will result in a more reduced  environment with higher nutrient availability, while larger grain-sized  sediments will be better flushed and oxidized. We further found that grain  size had a significant effect on vegetation biomass allocation and rates  of gas exchange, although these effects were species-specific. We found  that soil amendments (biochar and compost) did not subsidize plant growth  but were associated with increases in soil respiration and methane  emissions. Biochar amendments were additionally ineffective in  ameliorating acid sulfate conditions. This study uncovers complex  interactions between sediment type and vegetation, emphasizing limitations  of soil amendments. The findings aid restoration project managers in  making informed decisions regarding sediment type, target vegetation, and  soil amendments for successful TLP projects.", "keywords": ["Salt marsh", "Greenhouse gases", "restoration", "soil amendment", "biochar", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Particle size distribution", "Sea level rise", "Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.xsj3tx9nx"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.xsj3tx9nx", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.xsj3tx9nx", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.xsj3tx9nx"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.1hn2b", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:21:08Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Contrasting effects of nutrient enrichment on below-ground biomass in coastal wetlands", "description": "unspecifiedCoastal Wetland  Belowground BiomassThese data were  collected in the field in 2008 from a Sagittaria lancifolia L. dominated,  oligohaline marsh located along the west bank of the Tchefuncte River,  approximately 1 km north of Lake Pontchartrain, LA, USA (30\u00b0 23.205\u2019N, 90\u00b0  09.551\u2019 W). Two methods were used to estimate belowground biomass: the  ingrowth method and the standing crop method. Abbreviated headings are as  follows: 'Block' = statistical block; 'N' = nitrogen  enrichment treatment (kg/ha/yr); 'P' = phosphorus enrichment  treatment (kg/ha/yr); 'LRoot IG' = live root biomass in ingrowth  cores (g/m2); 'LRhiz IG' = live rhizome biomass in ingrowth  cores (g/m2); 'Live IG' = live root+rhizome biomass in ingrowth  cores (g/m2); 'Dead IG' = dead root+rhizome biomass in ingrowth  cores (g/m2); 'Total IG' = total live+dead biomass in ingrowth  cores (g/m2); 'LRoot SC' = live root biomass in standing crop  cores (g/m2); 'LRhiz SC' = live rhizome biomass in standing crop  cores (g/m2); 'Live SC' = live root+rhizome biomass in standing  crop cores (g/m2); 'Dead SC' = dead root+rhizome biomass in  standing crop cores (g/m2); 'Total SC' = total live+dead biomass  in standing crop cores (g/m2).Belowground  Biomass.csv", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nutrient enrichment", "oligohaline marsh", "13. Climate action", "belowground biomass", "ingrowth method", "Phosphorus", "14. Life underwater", "standing crop method", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Graham, Sean A., Mendelssohn, Irving A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1hn2b"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.1hn2b", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.1hn2b", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.1hn2b"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.931zcrjtp", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:21:12Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-06-03", "title": "Carbon sequestration in intact rare ecosystems and their encroaching forests (Michigan, USA)", "description": "unspecifiedRising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are impacting global  temperatures, ecological systems, and human societies. Natural carbon  sequestration through the conservation of soil and native ecosystems may  slow or reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere, and thus slow or  mitigate the rate of global warming. Most of the research investigating  carbon sequestration in natural systems occurs in forested ecosystems,  however rare ecosystems such as coastal plain marshes and wet-mesic sand  prairie collectively may serve as significant carbon sinks. Our objectives  were to measure and assess the importance of carbon sequestration in three  rare ecosystems (oak-pine barrens, coastal plain marsh, and wet-mesic sand  prairie) in western Lower Michigan. We measured carbon in standing  vegetation, dead organic matter, and soils within each ecosystem and  adjacent encroaching forested areas. Driven by tree carbon, total carbon  stocks in encroaching areas were greater than in intact rare ecosystems.  Soil organic carbon was greater in all intact ecosystems, though only  significantly so in coastal plain marsh.\u00a0 Principal components  analysis explained 72% of the variation and revealed differences between  intact ecosystems and their encroaching areas. Linear models using the  ratio of red to green light reflectance successfully predicted SOC in  intact coastal plain marsh and wet-mesic sand prairie. Our results infer  the importance of these rare ecosystems in sequestering carbon in soils  and support the need to establish federal or state management practices  for the conservation of these systems.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "rare ecosystems", "coastal plain marsh", "Climate change", "oak-pine barrens", "FOS: Natural sciences", "wet-mesic sand prairie"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Woller-Skar, Meg, Locher, Alexandra, Audia, Ellen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.931zcrjtp"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.931zcrjtp", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.931zcrjtp", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.931zcrjtp"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.j3tx95xk8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:21:15Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Patterns and determinants of plant-derived lignin phenols in coastal wetlands: implications for organic C accumulation", "description": "unspecifiedPlease see the README  document\u00a0\u00a0('Lignin_content_and_monomer_composition.csv', 'Site_location.csv', 'Soil_organic_carbon_content.csv', 'Soil_properties.csv', 'Vegetation_and_climate.csv') and the accompanying published article: Shaopan Xia, Zhaoliang Song, Weiqi Wang, Yaran Fan, Laodong Guo, Lukas Van Zwieten, Iain P. Hartley, Yin Fang, Yidong Wang, Zhenqing Zhang, Cong-Qiang Liu, and Hailong Wang. 2023. Patterns and determinants of plant-derived lignin phenols in coastal wetlands: implications for organic C accumulation. Functional Ecology. Accepted. DOI: 10.5061/dryad.j3tx95xk8", "keywords": ["lignin biomarker", "salt marsh and mangrove", "13. Climate action", "plant-soil Interactions", "blue carbon", "organic C source apportionment", "14. Life underwater", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Song, Zhaoliang, Xia, Shaopan, Wang, Weiqi, Fan, Yaran, Guo, Laodong, Van Zwieten, Lukas, Hartley, Iain P., Fang, Yin, Wang, Yidong, Zhang, Zhenqing, Liu, Cong-Qiang, Wang, Hailong,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.j3tx95xk8"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.j3tx95xk8", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.j3tx95xk8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.j3tx95xk8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqmv", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:21:17Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-12-04", "title": "Effects of plant traits and ecosystem properties on wave attenuation and soil carbon content", "description": "unspecifiedMicrosoft Excel", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "Tidal marshes", "13. Climate action", "plant traits", "FOS: Biological sciences", "ecosystem properties", "estuarine vegetation", "15. Life on land", "ecosystem services", "wave attenuation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Schulte Ostermann, Tilla, Heuner, Maike, Fuchs, Elmar, Temmerman, Stijn, Schoutens, Ken, Bouma, Tjeerd J., Minden, Vanessa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqmv"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqmv", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqmv", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.qjq2bvqmv"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6500189", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:23:08Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Methane fluxes from four elevation zones in a St. Lawrence Estuary salt marsh", "description": "Dataset used in Spartina alterniflora has the highest methane emissions in a St. Lawrence estuary salt marsh - IOPscience. The dataset contains methane fluxes calculated from gas measurements taken over a 40 or 60 minute period using a dark static chamber method. Methane fluxes were measured at six locations in four elevation zones of a northern salt marsh on the St. Lawrence River estuary at La Pocati\u00e8re, Quebec (47\u00b022'24.7'N 70\u00b003'26.3'W). Additional environmental data was collected including carbon dioxide fluxes, extractable soil nitrate, extractable soil ammonium, extractable soil dissolved organic carbon, extractable soil total dissolved nitrogen, salinity, temperature, water table depth, soil total organic carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil organic carbon to nitrogen ratio and bulk density. Soil cores were collected from 0-15 cm and used for extractable nutrient analysis, bulk density and soil organic carbon and nitrogen analysis. The work was carried out with funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 838296, a NSERC Discovery Grant and a Natural Environment Research Council grant number (NE/T012323/1). This dataset is used in a publication entitled <em>Spartina alterniflora</em> has the highest methane emissions in a St. Lawrence Estuary salt marsh in Environmental Research: Ecology (https://doi.org/10.1088/2752- 664X/ac706a), which also contains more details on fieldsite and methodology. Gas samples were collected from dark, static chambers (18L, 26 cm diameter), which were placed onto pre-inserted collars in the vegetated zones (inserted to 2.5 cm, 3 days prior to sampling) or placed directly onto the mudflat. The chambers were insulated and fitted with fans and venting tubes. Gas samples were collected on the 23rd August 2020 from all sites, soil cores were collected between the 24-25th August 2020 and the 19-20th September 2020. Soil samples were collected at 0-15 cm using a 2.5 cm diameter dutch gouge corer. Soil temperature was measured at 10 cm depth using a soil thermometer, (\u00b0C, DeltaTrak 11050, Pleasanton, USA), salinity was measured in the laboratory using a portable ATC refractometer. Water table depth was measured using a PVC piezometer, a plastic pipe with tubing was inserted into the piezometer and blown into to determine water table depth through bubbling sound (cm). Soil cores were dried at 60 \u00b0C to constant weight and the dry weight over core volume used to calculate bulk density (g cm-3), soil was finely ground and analysed for total organic carbon and total nitrogen (%) using an Elemental Analyser (ThermoFinnigan Flash EA 1112 CN analyser, Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy) with an accuracy of \u00b15 % for N and \u00b11 % for C, and a limit of 171 detection of 0.05 % for both N and C. Extractable nitrate+nitrite (assumed to be nitrate) were analysed in soil extractant (2M KCl, 5:1 of extractant to soil) using a microplate reader and methods in Sims et al., 1995 (https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369298) with a limit of detection of 0.1 ppm and accuracy of \u00b15%. Extractable dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen were analysed in soil extractant (ultrapure water 18.2 M\u03a9, 5:1 of extractant to soil) on a TOC/TDN analyser (TOC VCSn + TMN-1, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), with a 50 mg C l -1 standard resulting in an accuracy and precision of 3.0 and \u00b14.4 mg l-1, respectively. CH4 and CO2 concentrations were measured in the gas samples using a gas chromatograph (GC-14, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) fitted with a flame ionisation detector, CO2 was methanised to CH4 before analysis. Standards of CH4 (5.1 ppm) and CO2 (5000 ppm) resulted in an accuracy and precision of 6.6\u00b11.5 and 0.4 ppm, and 5324\u00b1324 and 78 ppm, respectively, for CH4 and CO2. Changes in gas concentration over time were converted to fluxes using a linear regression of the linear portion fo the flux and if fluxes were below the minimum detectable concentration difference (see https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003783), they were set to zero. Results from the experiments were entered into an Excel spreadsheet for ingestion into the Zenodo data repository.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "methane", " CH4", " salt marsh", " saltmarsh", " greenhouse gas fluxes", " carbon sequestration", " elevation zones"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Comer-Warner, Sophie, Ullah, Sami, Ampuero Reyes, Wendy, Krause, Stefan, Chmura, Gail,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6500189"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6500189", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6500189", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6500189"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7625435", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:23:18Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Rates of greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide) fluxes, denitrification-derived N2O and N2 fluxes and nitrification-derived N2O fluxes from salt marsh soils in Quebec, Canada and Louisiana, U.S. under ambient and elevated temperature and nutrient loading.", "description": "Dataset used in\u00a0Elevated temperature and nutrients lead to increased N2O emissions from salt marsh soils from cold and warm climates.  The dataset contains fluxes calculated from headspace gas samples taken over a 24 hour period from intact soil cores, as well as corresponding environmental data. Intact soil cores (0-15 cm depth, 2.5 cm diameter) were taken at five sampling locations along a 20 m transect using a soil auger or piston corer. Samples were collected along a transect in four marsh sites in Quebec, Canada (La Pocati\u00e8re: 47\u00b022'24.7'N 70\u00b003'26.3'W) and Louisiana, U.S. (Barataria Basin: 29\u00b033'47.3'N 90\u00b004'22.8'W and 29\u00b029'52.2'N 89\u00b055'00.2'W) from two vegetation types (Sporobolus alterniflorus formerly known as Spartina alterniflora and Sporobolus pumilus formerly known as Spartina patens). In Quebec, the two vegetation zones were in the same marsh whereas in Louisiana two separate marshes, dominated by the relevant vegetation, were chosen. Soil samples were collected on the 20-21st July 2021 from Louisiana and the 9-10th August 2021 from Quebec. Environmental data was collected including in-situ soil temperature and salinity, and gravimetric soil moisture, extractable soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), extractable soil total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), extractable soil nitrate, extractable soil ammonium, extractable soil soluble reactive phosphate, soil total carbon, soil total nitrogen, soil carbon to nitrogen ratio, soil d13C and soil d15N determined from additional 0-15 cm core samples. This project has received funding from the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement no. 838296, a NSERC Discovery Grant and a Natural Environment Research Council grant number (NE/T012323/1).  Stable 15N tracers were added to the intact soil cores so that at each location, at each treatment level (ambient and elevated, described below), there was one core receiving no tracer for greenhouse gas fluxes, one core receiving 15N-NO3\u2011 for denitrification rates and one core receiving 15N-NH4+ for nitrification rates. The cores were incubated at ambient temperature (16 \u2103 and 28.1 \u2103 for Quebec and Louisiana, respectively) and nutrient concentrations (3.2 NO3-, 2.0 NH4+; 2.9 NO3-, 2.5 NH4+; 0.5 NO3-, 7.3 NH4+ and 5.7 NO3-, 2.8 NH4+ mg g wet soil-1 for Quebec S. alterniflorus, Quebec S. pumilus, Louisiana S. alterniflorus and Louisiana S. pumilus, respectively), and elevated temperature (ambient temperature +5 \u2103) and nutrient concentration (double ambient concentration). Gas samples were collected from the headspace of 0-15 cm intact cores in a 20 cm high PVC pipe, capped at the top and bottom to create a 5 cm headspace. Gas samples were analysed for greenhouse gases (GHGs: N2O, CH4, CO2) and 15N in denitrification-derived N2O, denitrification-derived N2 and nitrification-derived N\u00ad2O.  Soil temperature (YSI 30, Baton Rouge, USA or DeltaTrak 11050, Pleasanton, USA) and porewater salinity (YSI 30, Baton Rouge, USA or portable ATC refractometer) were measured in-situ or in the laboratory using the portable refactometer.\u00a0Additional soil samples were used for multiple analyses; one subsample was extracted with ultrapure water (18.2 M\u03a9) for DOC and TDN analysis, one subsample was extracted with 2M KCl for NO3- and NH4+, one subsample was extracted with Olsen-P solution (0.5 M NaHCO3, pH 8.5), for soluble reactive phosphate analysis and one subsample was weighed and dried for soil moisture and then finely ground and analysed for total carbon, total nitrogen, d13C and d15N.  N2O, CH4 and CO2 concentrations were measured in the gas samples using a gas chromatograph interfaced with a PAL3 autosampler\u00a0(Agilent 7890A, Agilent Technologies Ltd, USA) fitted with a flame ionisation detector (FID) for CH4 analysis and a micro electron capture detector (mECD) for N2O analysis. CO2 was methanised to CH4 before analysis on the FID. The instrument precision as the relative standard deviation was < 5 % for all of the gases, while the minimum detectable concentration difference (MDCD) was 9 ppb N2O, 72 ppb CH4 and 31 ppm CO2. Potential GHG fluxes were calculated from the linear portion or where the highest production was observed in the concentration-time series ( https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.2436). If fluxes were below the MDCD they were set to zero see\u00a0(https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JG003783). The 15N content of the N2 and N2O was determined using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Elementar Isoprime PrecisION; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany) coupled with a trace-gas pre-concentrator inlet with autosampler (isoFLOW GHG; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany), with a standard deviation of d15N < 0.05 %. Extractable dissolved organic carbon and total dissolved nitrogen were analysed in soil extractant (ultrapure water 18.2 M\u03a9, 7:1 of extractant to soil) on a TOC/TDN analyser (TOC VCSn +\u00a0TMN-1, Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan), with 50 mg C l-1 and 10 mg l-1 standards resulting in accuracy and precision of 0.3 and \u00b10.3 mg C l-1, and 0.5 and \u00b10.3 mg N l-1, respectively. Extractable nitrate+nitrite (assumed to be nitrate) and ammonium were analysed in soil extractant (2M KCl, 5:1 of extractant to soil) using a microplate reader and methods in Sims et al., 1995 (https://doi.org/10.1080/00103629509369298) with a limit of detection of 0.1 ppm and accuracy of \u00b15 %. Extractable phosphate was analysed in soil extractant (Olsen-P solution 0.5M NaHCO\u00ad3, pH 8.5, 10:1 of extractant to dry soil) using a microplate reader and methods in Jeannotte et al., 2004 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-004-0760-4) with a limit of detection of 1 mg P l-1 and accuracy of \u00b16 %. Soil total carbon, total nitrogen, d13C and d15N analysis was performed using a continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Elementar Isoprime PrecisION; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany) coupled with an elemental analyser (EA) inlet (vario PYRO cube; Elementar Analysensysteme GmbH, Hanau, Germany). The precision was < 5 % for both C and N and the precision as a standard deviation was < 0.06 % for both d13C and d15N. Results from the experiments were entered into an Excel spreadsheet for ingestion into the Zenodo data repository.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Salt marsh", "Canada", "Saltmarsh", "Nitrous oxide", "Spartina patens", "Temperature", "Sporobolus pumilus", "Nutrient loading", "Sporobolus alterniflorus", "15. Life on land", "Greenhouse gas", "Nitrification", "6. Clean water", "United States", "12. Responsible consumption", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "Denitrification", "Spartina alterniflora", "Methane", "Global change", "Nitrogen loading"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7625435"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7625435", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7625435", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7625435"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.7910/DVN/IPZGLB", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:24:08Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "What Happens After Phragmites Is Killed; Effect of Variable Tidal Flooding on Plant Growth and Carbon Allocation: A Marsh Organ Experiment", "description": "This dataset is from a mesocosm experiment where different native wetland species and the invasive species Phragmites australis were planted at different flooding levels in a tidal creek along the Rhode River, a subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay in Edgewater, Maryland. This dataset includes plant growth metrics (height, basal diameter, and stem counts), aboveground and belowground plant biomass, soil oxidation reduction potential, soil carbon, flooding levels, and salinity.", "keywords": ["native wetland planting; Phragmites; marsh elevation; flooding levels", "Earth and Environmental Sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jacobson, Sylvia, Whigham, Dennis, Brooks, Hope, Baldwin, Andrew H., McCormick, Melissa, Kettenring, Karin, Buehl, Eric,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/IPZGLB"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.7910/DVN/IPZGLB", "name": "item", "description": "10.7910/DVN/IPZGLB", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.7910/DVN/IPZGLB"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11850/545765", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:24:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-01", "title": "Functional structure of plant communities along salinity gradients in Iranian salt marshes", "description": "Abstract<p>Salt marshes are unique habitats between sea or saline lakes and land that need to be conserved from the effects of global change. Understanding the variation in functional structure of plant community along environmental gradients is critical to predict the response of plant communities to ongoing environmental changes. We evaluated the changes in the functional structure of halophytic communities along soil gradients including salinity, in Iranian salt marshes; Lake Urmia, Lake Meyghan, Musa estuary, and Nayband Bay (Iran). We established 48 plots from 16 sites in four salt marshes and sampled 10 leaves per species to measure leaf functional traits. Five soil samples were sampled from each plot and 30 variables were analyzed. We examined the changes in the functional structure of plant communities (i.e., functional diversity [FD] and community weighted mean [CWM]) along local soil gradients using linear mixed effect models. Our results showed that FD and CWM of leaf thickness tended to increase with salinity, while those indices related to leaf shape decreased following soil potassium content. Our results suggest that the variations in functional structure of plant communities along local soil gradients reveal the effect of different ecological processes (e.g., niche differentiation related to the habitat heterogeneity) that drive the assembly of halophytic plant communities in SW Asian salt marshes.</p", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Salt marsh", "functional structure", "standardized effect size", "null model", "Botany", "Null model", "Lake Urmia", "Trait-based ecology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental sciences", "Functional trait", "salt marsh", "13. Climate action", "QK1-989", "trait-based ecology", "Standardized effect size", "GE1-350", "functional structure; functional trait; Lake Urmia; null model; salt marsh; standardized effect size; trait-based ecology", "functional trait", "Research Articles", "Functional structure"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/pei3.10070"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.11850/545765"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant-Environment%20Interactions", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.11850/545765", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.11850/545765", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.11850/545765"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2072/444775", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:25:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-10", "title": "Synthetic Biology for Terraformation Lessons from Mars, Earth, and the Microbiome", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>What is the potential for synthetic biology as a way of engineering, on a large scale, complex ecosystems? Can it be used to change endangered ecological communities and rescue them to prevent their collapse? What are the best strategies for such ecological engineering paths to succeed? Is it possible to create stable, diverse synthetic ecosystems capable of persisting in closed environments? Can synthetic communities be created to thrive on planets different from ours? These and other questions pervade major future developments within synthetic biology. The goal of engineering ecosystems is plagued with all kinds of technological, scientific and ethic problems. In this paper, we consider the requirements for terraformation, i.e., for changing a given environment to make it hospitable to some given class of life forms. Although the standard use of this term involved strategies for planetary terraformation, it has been recently suggested that this approach could be applied to a very different context: ecological communities within our own planet. As discussed here, this includes multiple scales, from the gut microbiome to the entire biosphere.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Restoration ecology", "Terraformation", "Evolution", "Science", "microbiome", "Mars", "Article", "03 medical and health sciences", "evolution", "mars", "restoration ecology", "Synthetic biology", "2. Zero hunger", "drylands", "0303 health sciences", "Hypercycles", "Q", "Drylands", "Ecolog\u00eda", "15. Life on land", "terraformation", "3. Good health", "13. Climate action", "synthetic biology", "hypercycles", "Microbiome", "ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/10/2/14/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/10/2/14/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2072/444775"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Life", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2072/444775", "name": "item", "description": "2072/444775", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2072/444775"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "ce3e4bf4-e929-404a-88c7-37f2c614fd1d", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-29.0, 28.0], [-29.0, 82.0], [58.0, 82.0], [58.0, 28.0], [-29.0, 28.0]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "biota"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "United Kingdom"}, {"id": "EEA38 (from 2020)"}, {"id": "Russian Federation (European part)"}, {"id": "Belarus"}, {"id": "Moldova"}, {"id": "Ukraine"}, {"id": "Georgia"}, {"id": "San Marino"}, {"id": "Monaco"}, {"id": "Andorra"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2021 1.1.4"}], "scheme": "EEA Management Plan"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Biodiversity"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "habitat"}, {"id": "terrestrial ecosystem"}, {"id": "natural area"}, {"id": "coastal ecosystem"}, {"id": "forest biodiversity"}, {"id": "woodland ecosystem"}, {"id": "forest"}, {"id": "grassland"}, {"id": "lichen"}, {"id": "moss"}, {"id": "tundra"}, {"id": "heathland"}, {"id": "salt marsh"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Habitats and biotopes"}], "scheme": "GEMET - 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