{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.jaap.2018.07.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-20", "title": "Effects of pyrolysis temperature on the hydrologically relevant porosity of willow biochar", "description": "Open AccessBiochar pore space consists of porosity of multiple length scales. In direct water holding applications like water storage for plant water uptake, the main interest is in micrometre-range porosity since these pores are able to store water that is easily available for plants. Gas adsorption measurements which are commonly used to characterize the physical pore structure of biochars are not able to quantify this pore-size range. While pyrogenetic porosity (i.e. pores formed during pyrolysis process) tends to increase with elevated process temperature, it is uncertain whether this change affects the pore space capable to store plant available water. In this study, we characterized biochar porosity with x-ray tomography which provides quantitative information on the micrometer-range porosity. We imaged willow dried at 60 $^ circ$C and biochar samples pyrolysed in three different temperatures (peak temperatures 308, 384, 489 $^ circ$C, heating rate 2 $^ circ$C min$^{-1}$). Samples were carefully prepared and traced through the experiments, which allowed investigation of porosity development in micrometre size range. Pore space was quantified with image analysis of x-ray tomography images and, in addition, nanoscale porosity was examined with helium ion microscopy. The image analysis results show that initial pore structure of the raw material determines the properties of micrometre-range porosity in the studied temperature range. Thus, considering the pore-size regime relevant to the storage of plant available water, pyrolysis temperature in the studied range does not provide means to optimize the biochar structure. However, these findings do not rule out that process temperature may affect the water retention properties of biochars by modifying the chemical properties of the pore surfaces.", "keywords": ["Fysiikka", "porosity", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)", "kuivatislaus", "01 natural sciences", "huokoisuus", "image analysis", "biochar", "ta216", "ta218", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "x-ray tomography", "biohiili", "Condensed Matter - Materials Science", "ta114", "Physics", "ta1182", "Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)", "Physics - Applied Physics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "slow pyrolysis", "6. Clean water", "kuvantaminen", "kuva-analyysi", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.07.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Analytical%20and%20Applied%20Pyrolysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jaap.2018.07.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jaap.2018.07.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jaap.2018.07.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/adfm.202215105", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-04-24", "title": "Modular Design for Versatile Broadband Polarizing Metasurfaces with Freely Switching Functions", "description": "Abstract

Polarization is a fundamental property of electromagnetic waves that plays a key role in many physical phenomena and applications. Schemes to manipulate it are revisited with the emergence of metasurfaces, which have brought multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90functionalities straightforwardly. However, this has come at the expense of design complexity that relies strongly on field theory. Here, an ingenious strategy of modular design is proposed to construct subwavelength multifunctional polarization control devices. Chiral metasurfaces with different handedness are first proposed and regarded as modules. The versatile polarization controller can thus be obtained with the combination of different modules. These experiments demonstrate that the well\uffe2\uff80\uff90designed polarization controller possesses reconfigurable functionality, and various broadband polarization and amplitude regulation functions with high efficiency including arbitrary linear polarization rotation, asymmetric transmission effect, neutral\uffe2\uff80\uff90density\uffe2\uff80\uff90like filter, polarization beam splitter, etc., can be readily realized just by changing the cascaded modules. The physical mechanisms of the versatile polarization controller and chiral metasurface modules are both guaranteed by the Fabry\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffc3\uffa9rot\uffe2\uff80\uff90like resonances, which are theoretically verified via the transfer matrix method. It is envisioned that the modular concept will be of great benefit to designing compact multifunctional polarization controllers.Broadband topological metamaterials hold the key for designing the next generation of integrated photonic platforms and microwave devices given their protected back\uffe2\uff80\uff90scattering\uffe2\uff80\uff90free and unidirectional edge states, among other exotic properties. However, synthesizing such metamaterial has proven challenging. Here, a broadband bandgap (relative bandwidth of more than 43%) Valley\uffe2\uff80\uff90Hall topological metamaterial with deep subwavelength thickness is proposed. The present topological metamaterial is composed of three layers printed circuit boards whose total thickness is 1.524\uffc2\uffa0mm \uffe2\uff89\uff88 \uffce\uffbb/100. The topological phase transition is achieved by introducing an asymmetry parameter \uffce\uffb4r. Three mechanically reconfigurable edge states can be obtained by varying interlayer displacement. Their robust transmission is demonstrated through two kinds of waveguide domain walls with cavities and disorders. Exploiting the proposed topological metamaterial, a six\uffe2\uff80\uff90way power divider is constructed and measured as a proof\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90concept of the potential of the proposed technology for future electromagnetic devices.Establishing parkland agroforestry on currently treeless cropland in the West African Sahel may help mitigate climate change. To evaluate its potential, we used climatically suitable ranges for parklands for 19 climate scenarios, derived by ecological niche modeling, for estimating potential carbon stocks in parkland and treeless cropland. A biocarbon business model was used to evaluate profitability of hypothetical Terrestrial Carbon Projects (TCPs), across a range of farm sizes, farm numbers, carbon prices and benefit sharing mechanisms. Using climate analogues, we explored potential climate change trajectories for selected locations. If mature parklands covered their maximum range, carbon stocks in Sahelian productive land would be about 1,284\uffc2\uffa0Tg, compared to 725\uffc2\uffa0Tg in a treeless scenario. Due to slow increase rates of total system carbon by 0.4\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 a\uffe2\uff88\uff921, most TCPs at carbon prices that seem realistic today were not feasible, or required the participation of large numbers of farmers. For small farms, few TCP scenarios were feasible, and low Net Present Values for farmers made it unlikely that carbon payments would motivate many to participate in TCPs, unless additional benefits were provided. Climate analogue locations indicated an uncertain climate trajectory for the Sahel, but most scenarios projected increasing aridity and reduced suitability for parklands. The potentially severe impacts of climate change on Sahelian ecosystems and the uncertain profitability of TCPs make the Sahel highly risky for carbon investments. Given the likelihood of degrading environmental conditions, the search for appropriate adaptation strategies should take precedence over promoting mitigation activities.

", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Carbon accounting", "Atmospheric Science", "Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture", "Economics", "Profitability index", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "agroforestry", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Climate change mitigation", "Range (aeronautics)", "Rangeland Degradation", "Natural resource economics", "Soil water", "11. Sustainability", "Rangeland Degradation and Pastoral Livelihoods", "Carbon fibers", "Climate change", "Business", "agriculture", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Life Sciences", "Composite number", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Physical Sciences", "Composite material", "Atmospheric carbon cycle", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "Greenhouse gas", "Environmental science", "Global Forest Transition", "Agroforestry", "climate", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "Materials science", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Drivers and Impacts of Tropical Deforestation", "Finance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Climatic%20Change", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-24", "title": "Quantitative characterization of pore structure of several biochars with 3D imaging", "description": "Open Access16 pages, 4 figures. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x", "keywords": ["x-ray tomography", "Condensed Matter - Materials Science", "soil amendment", "pore structure", "ta1171", "ta1182", "Water", "Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)", "FOS: Physical sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Diffusion", "Imaging", " Three-Dimensional", "image analysis", "Charcoal", "Image Processing", " Computer-Assisted", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "Porosity", "soil amendments", "ta218", "water retention", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-017-8823-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.bios.2021.113890", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-16", "title": "Real-time detection of ochratoxin A in wine through insight of aptamer conformation in conjunction with graphene field-effect transistor", "description": "Mycotoxins comprise a frequent type of toxins present in food and feed. The problem of mycotoxin contamination has been recently aggravated due to the increased complexity of the farm-to-fork chains, resulting in negative effects on human and animal health and, consequently, economics. The easy-to-use, on-site, on-demand, and rapid monitoring of mycotoxins in food/feed is highly desired. In this work, we report on an advanced mycotoxin biosensor based on an array of graphene field-effect transistors integrated on a single silicon chip. A specifically designed aptamer against Ochratoxin A (OTA) was used as a recognition element, where it was covalently attached to graphene surface via pyrenebutanoic acid, succinimidyl ester (PBASE) chemistry. Namely, an electric field stimulation was used to promote more efficient \u03c0-\u03c0 stacking of PBASE to graphene. The specific G-rich aptamer strand suggest its \u03c0-\u03c0 stacking on graphene in free-standing regime and reconfiguration in G-quadruplex during binding an OTA molecule. This realistic behavior of the aptamer is sensitive to the ionic strength of the analyte solution, demonstrating a 10-fold increase in sensitivity at low ionic strengths. The graphene-aptamer sensors reported here demonstrate fast assay with the lowest detection limit of 1.4 pM for OTA within a response time as low as 10 s, which is more than 30 times faster compared to any other reported aptamer-based methods for mycotoxin detection. The sensors hold comparable performance when operated in real-time within a complex matrix of wine without additional time-consuming pre-treatment.", "keywords": ["Condensed Matter - Materials Science", "Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics", "Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Wine", "Biosensing Techniques", "02 engineering and technology", "Aptamers", " Nucleotide", "Ochratoxins", "01 natural sciences", "3. Good health", "0104 chemical sciences", "Limit of Detection", "Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics (cond-mat.mes-hall)", "Animals", "Humans", "Graphite", "0210 nano-technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2021.113890"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biosensors%20and%20Bioelectronics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.bios.2021.113890", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.bios.2021.113890", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.bios.2021.113890"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.052", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-14", "title": "Self-ignition of natural fuels: Can wildfires of carbon-rich soil start by self-heating?", "description": "Abstract Carbon-rich soils, like histosols or gelisols, cover more than 3% of the Earth's land surface, and store roughly three times more carbon than the Earth's forests. Carbon-rich soils are reactive porous materials, prone to smouldering combustion if the inert and moisture contents are low enough. An example of soil combustion happens in peatlands, where smouldering wildfires are common in both boreal and tropical regions. This work focuses on understanding soil ignition by self-heating, which is due to spontaneous exothermic reactions in the presence of oxygen under certain thermal conditions. We investigate the effect of soil inorganic content by creating under controlled conditions soil samples with inorganic content (IC) ranging from 3% to 86% of dry weight: we use sand as a surrogate of inorganic matter and peat as a surrogate of organic matter. This range is very wide and covers all IC values of known carbon-rich soils on Earth. The experimental results show that self-heating ignition in different soil types is possible, even with the 86% inorganic content, but the tendency to ignite decreases quickly with increasing IC. We report a clear increase in ambient temperature required for ignition as the IC increases. Combining results from 39 thermostatically-controlled oven experiments, totalling 401\u00a0h of heating time, with the Frank-Kamenetskii theory of ignition, the lumped chemical kinetic and thermal parameters are determined. We then use these parameters to upscale the laboratory experiments to soil layers of different thicknesses for a range of ambient temperatures ranging from 0\u00a0\u00b0C to 40\u00a0\u00b0C. The analysis predicts the critical soil layer thicknesses in nature for self-ignition at various possible environmental temperatures. For example, at 40\u00a0\u00b0C a soil layer of 3% inorganic content can be ignited through self-heating if it is thicker than 8.8\u00a0m, but at 86% IC the layer has to be 1.8\u00a0km thick, which is impossible to find in nature. We estimate that the critical IC for a ambient temperature of 40\u00a0\u00b0C and soil thickness of 50\u00a0m is 68%. Because those are extreme values of temperature and thickness, no self-heating ignition of soil can be expected above the 68% threshold of inorganic content. This is the first in-depth experimental quantification of soil self-heating and shows that indeed it is possible that wildfires are initiated by self-heating in some soil types and conditions.", "keywords": ["Technology", "Engineering", " Civil", "550", "Materials Science", "PEAT", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "Materials Science", " Multidisciplinary", "MOISTURE", "Civil Engineering", "7. Clean energy", "Wildfires", "Soil", "COAL", "Engineering", "Smouldering", "FIRES", "Multidisciplinary", "Science & Technology", "Civil", "624", "15. Life on land", "Ignition", "13. Climate action", "SPREAD", "BEHAVIOR", "SMOLDERING COMBUSTION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.052"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Fire%20Safety%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.052", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.052", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.052"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.082", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-20", "title": "Pyrolysis kinetics and multi-objective inverse modelling of cellulose at the microscale", "description": "Abstract The chemistry of pyrolysis, together with heat transfer, drives ignition and flame spread of biomass materials under many fire conditions, but it is poorly understood. Cellulose is the main component of biomass and is often taken as a surrogate for biomass. Its chemistry of pyrolysis is simpler and dominates the pyrolysis of biomass. Many reaction schemes with corresponding kinetic parameters can be found in the literature for the pyrolysis of cellulose, but their appropriateness for fire is unknown. This study investigated inverse modelling and blind predictions of six reaction schemes of different complexities for isothermal and non-isothermal thermogravimetric experiments. We used multi-objective optimisation to simultaneously and separately inverse model the kinetic parameters of each reaction scheme to several experiments. Afterwards we tested these parameters with blind predictions. For the first time, we reveal a set of equally viable solutions for the modelling of pyrolysis chemistry of different experiments. This set of solutions is called a Pareto front, and represents a trade-off between predictions of different experiments. It stems from the uncertainty in the experiments and in the modelling. Parameters derived from non-isothermal experiments compared well with the literature, and performed well in blind predictions of both isothermal and non-isothermal experiments. Complexity beyond the Broido-Shafizadeh scheme with seven parameters proved to be unnecessary to predict the mass loss of cellulose; hence, simple reaction schemes are most appropriate for macroscale fire models. Modellers should, therefore, use simple reaction schemes to model pyrolysis in macroscale fire models.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "General Physics and Astronomy", "General Materials Science", "General Chemistry", "Building and Construction", "624", "540", "Safety", " Risk", " Reliability and Quality", "Civil Engineering", "7. Clean energy", "European Research Council"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Richter, F, Rein, G,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.082"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Fire%20Safety%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.082", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.082", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.firesaf.2017.03.082"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102940", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-23", "title": "Haze emissions from smouldering peat: The roles of inorganic content and bulk density", "description": "Abstract Smouldering peat fires are reported across continents and their emissions result in regional haze crisis (large scale accumulation of smoke at low altitudes) and large carbon foot prints. Inorganic content (IC) and bulk density vary naturally in peatlands and are among the important parameters governing peat fires. However, their roles in fire emissions remain unknown. In this work, bench-scale burning of sphagnum peat conditioned to different values of IC and bulk densities were conducted in the laboratory environment. Mass loss rate, spread rate and transient emissions of 20 gas species and particles (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1) were simultaneously investigated. We found that peat with 50% moisture content can self-sustain smouldering propagation if IC is less than 40%, or its bulk density is lower than 287.5\u202fkg\u202fm\u22123. Increasing IC or bulk density decreases peat mass loss rate and spread rate. High IC peat releases lower gas fluxes (especially for CH4 and NH3) throughout the experiment. In the ignition stage, increasing IC leads to an increase in particles with diameter between 1 and 2.5\u202f\u03bcm; in the fire spread stage, IC has no influence on the particle fluxes. In contrast, increasing bulk density delays both gas and particle emission fluxes without altering the smoke composition significantly. The fundamental understanding of how soil properties affect peat wildfires facilitates the development of mitigation technologies against haze.", "keywords": ["SHALLOW", "Technology", "Engineering", " Civil", "550", "Inorganic content", "Materials Science", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "TRANSIENT GAS", "Materials Science", " Multidisciplinary", "02 engineering and technology", "Pollutant", "MOISTURE", "Civil Engineering", "01 natural sciences", "630", "COMBUSTION", "Engineering", "0204 chemical engineering", "FIRES", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Multidisciplinary", "Science & Technology", "Civil", "Peat", "15. Life on land", "Bulk density", "IGNITION", "0911 Maritime Engineering", "13. Climate action", "PARTICLE EMISSIONS", "SPREAD", "Biomass combustion"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102940"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Fire%20Safety%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102940", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102940", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.firesaf.2019.102940"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02288", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-14", "title": "Defluoridation of water through the transformation of octacalcium phosphate into fluorapatite", "description": "The consumption of water with fluoride concentration higher than 1.5 mg/L (WHO recommended limit) is recognized to cause serious diseases, and fluoride removal from natural contaminated waters is a health priority for more than 260 million people worldwide. The octacalcium phosphate (OCP), a mineralogical precursor of bio-apatite, is here tested as a fluoride remover. A new two-step method for the synthesis of OCP is proposed: 1) synthesis of brushite from calcium carbonate and phosphoric acid; 2) subsequent hydrolysis of brushite. Fluoride removal experiments are performed in batch-mode using different initial concentrations of fluoride (from 40 to 140 mg/L) and reaction times. Most of fluoride is removed within the first 2 h of all experiments, and the drinkable limit of 1.5 mg/L is reached within a minimum of 3 h for an initial fluoride concentration of 40 mg/L. The experimental fluoride removal capacity of OCP is 25.7 mg/g, and 4 g of OCP can effectively treat 1 L of water with fluoride concentration up to 50 times higher than the drinking limit of 1.5 mg/L. XRD and chemical characterization of the solid phases, before and after the removal experiments, indicate that OCP transforms into fluorapatite (FAP) uptaking fluoride from solution.", "keywords": ["H1-99", "Science (General)", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Dissolved fluoride removal;Earth sciences; Environmental geochemistry; Environmental pollution; Environmental science; Materials science; Materials synthesis; OCP synthesis; OCP-FAP transformation; Water defluoridation method; Water pollution; Water quality", "Materials science", "Environmental science", "Environmental pollution", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Social sciences (General)", "Q1-390", "Water pollution", "Environmental geochemistry", "Materials synthesis", "0210 nano-technology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unica.it/bitstream/11584/276011/1/Heliyon%202019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02288"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Heliyon", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02288", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02288", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02288"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.100988", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-07", "title": "The effect of soil incubation on bio self-healing of cementitious mortar", "description": "Abstract Successful implementation of bacteria-based self-healing in cracked cementitious materials requires the provision of a suitable incubation environment, which can activate the bacteria to produce e.g. calcium carbonate sealing the cracks. Research to date has focused on the self-healing process in humid air and water. However, almost all structures are built on or in the ground, thus, significant amounts of concrete are exposed to ground conditions. To investigate the effect of soil incubation on the self-healing process, laboratory experiments were conducted on mortar impregnated with Bacillus subtilis (encapsulated in calcium alginate). The mortar specimens were initially cracked and subdivided into three groups and each group was incubated for 28 days within different incubation environments, namely, partially-saturated soil, full-saturated soil, and water. Supported by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry (EDX), the results revealed that the bio self-healing can be activated within the cracks under the saturated regime of soil as far as the matric suction is smaller than the capillary pressure of the cracks. Moreover, the results indicated there was no evidence suggesting the influence of naturally existing bacteria in the soil on the self-healing process within the considered incubation period.", "keywords": ["Mechanics of Materials", "Materials Chemistry", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "General Materials Science", "02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.100988"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Materials%20Today%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.100988", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.100988", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2020.100988"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152880", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-06", "title": "Exploring the potential role of environmental and multi-source satellite data in crop yield prediction across Northeast China", "description": "Open AccessLe d\u00e9veloppement d'un syst\u00e8me pr\u00e9cis de pr\u00e9diction du rendement des cultures \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle est d'une importance primordiale pour la gestion des ressources agricoles et la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire mondiale. L'observation de la Terre fournit une source unique d'informations pour surveiller les cultures \u00e0 partir d'une diversit\u00e9 de gammes spectrales. Cependant, l'utilisation int\u00e9gr\u00e9e de ces donn\u00e9es et de leurs valeurs dans la pr\u00e9diction du rendement des cultures est encore peu \u00e9tudi\u00e9e. Ici, nous avons propos\u00e9 la combinaison de donn\u00e9es environnementales (climat, sol, g\u00e9ographie et topographie) avec de multiples donn\u00e9es satellitaires (indices de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation optiques, fluorescence induite par le soleil (SIF), temp\u00e9rature de surface du sol (LST) et profondeur optique de la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation micro-ondes (VOD)) dans le cadre pour estimer le rendement des cultures de ma\u00efs, de riz et de soja dans le nord-est de la Chine, et leur valeur unique et leur influence relative sur la pr\u00e9diction du rendement ont \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9valu\u00e9es. Deux m\u00e9thodes de r\u00e9gression lin\u00e9aire, trois m\u00e9thodes d'apprentissage automatique (ML) et un mod\u00e8le d'ensemble ML ont \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9s pour construire des mod\u00e8les de pr\u00e9diction de rendement. Les r\u00e9sultats ont montr\u00e9 que les m\u00e9thodes individuelles de ML surpassaient les m\u00e9thodes de r\u00e9gression lin\u00e9aire, le mod\u00e8le d'ensemble de ML a encore am\u00e9lior\u00e9 les mod\u00e8les de ML uniques. De plus, les mod\u00e8les avec plus d'intrants ont obtenu de meilleures performances, la combinaison de donn\u00e9es satellitaires avec des donn\u00e9es environnementales, qui expliquaient respectivement 72\u00a0%, 69\u00a0% et 57\u00a0% de la variabilit\u00e9 du rendement du ma\u00efs, du riz et du soja, a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 des performances de pr\u00e9diction du rendement sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 celles des intrants individuels. Alors que les donn\u00e9es satellitaires ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la pr\u00e9diction du rendement des cultures principalement au d\u00e9but de la pointe de la saison de croissance, les donn\u00e9es climatiques ont fourni des informations suppl\u00e9mentaires principalement \u00e0 la pointe de la fin de la saison. Nous avons \u00e9galement constat\u00e9 que l'utilisation combin\u00e9e de l'IVE, du LST et du SIF a am\u00e9lior\u00e9 la pr\u00e9cision du mod\u00e8le par rapport au mod\u00e8le d'IVE de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence. Cependant, les indices de v\u00e9g\u00e9tation bas\u00e9s sur l'optique partageaient des informations similaires et ne fournissaient pas beaucoup d'informations suppl\u00e9mentaires au-del\u00e0 de l'IVE. Les pr\u00e9visions de rendement en cours de saison ont montr\u00e9 que les rendements des cultures peuvent \u00eatre pr\u00e9vus de mani\u00e8re satisfaisante deux \u00e0 trois mois avant la r\u00e9colte. La g\u00e9ographie, la topographie, la VOD, l'IVE, les param\u00e8tres hydrauliques du sol et les param\u00e8tres nutritifs sont plus importants pour la pr\u00e9diction du rendement des cultures.", "keywords": ["Atmospheric sciences", "Climate", "Multi-source satellite data", "Normalized Difference Vegetation Index", "Engineering", "Pathology", "Climate change", "Urban Heat Islands and Mitigation Strategies", "Linear regression", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Vegetation Monitoring", "Ecology", "Geography", "Statistics", "Agriculture", "Geology", "Remote Sensing in Vegetation Monitoring and Phenology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Remote sensing", "Aerospace engineering", "Archaeology", "Physical Sciences", "Metallurgy", "Medicine", "Seasons", "Global Vegetation Models", "Biomass Estimation", "Regression analysis", "Vegetation (pathology)", "Crops", " Agricultural", "Environmental Engineering", "Environmental data", "Yield (engineering)", "Zea mays", "Environmental science", "Machine learning", "FOS: Mathematics", "Crop yield", "Biology", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "FOS: Environmental engineering", "Predictive modelling", "Food security", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Materials science", "Yield prediction", "Satellite", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Growing season", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Mathematics"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhenwang Li, Lei Ding, Donghui Xu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152880"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152880", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152880", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152880"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.074", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-07", "title": "Optimum cleaning schedule of photovoltaic systems based on levelised cost of energy and case study in central Mexico", "description": "Abstract In this paper, the soiling impact on photovoltaic systems in Aguascalientes, in central Mexico, an area where 1.4GWp of new photovoltaic capacity is being installed, is characterised experimentally. A soiling rate of \u22120.16%/day in the dry season for optimally tilted crystalline silicon modules, and a stabilization of the soiling losses at 11.2% after 70\u00a0days of exposure were observed. With these data, a first of its kind novel method for determining optimum cleaning schedules is proposed based on minimising the levelised cost of energy. The method has the advantages compared to other existing methods of considering the system investment cost in the determination of the optimum cleaning schedule. Also, it does not depend on economic revenue data, which are often subject to uncertainty. The results show that residential and commercial systems should be cleaned once per year in Aguascalientes. On the other hand, cleaning intervals from 12 to 31\u00a0days in the dry season were estimated for utility-scale systems, due to the dramatic decrease of cleaning costs per unit photovoltaic capacity. We also present a comparative analysis of the existing criteria for optimising cleaning schedules applied to the same case study. The different methods give similar cleaning intervals for utility-scale systems and, thus, the choice of a suitable method depends on the availability of information.", "keywords": ["Schedule", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Photovoltaic system", "Environmental engineering", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "cleaning schedule; crystalline silicon; levelised cost of energy; Mexico; photovoltaic; soiling", "13. Climate action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Revenue", "Environmental science", "General Materials Science", "Investment cost", "Crystalline silicon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.uniroma1.it/bitstream/11573/1625678/3/Rodrigo_preprint_Optimum_2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.074"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Solar%20Energy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.074", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.074", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.solener.2020.08.074"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acsami.9b03062", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-06", "title": "Core\u2013Shell NaHoF 4 @TiO 2 NPs: A Labeling Method to Trace Engineered Nanomaterials of Ubiquitous Elements in the Environment", "description": "Understanding the fate and behavior of nanoparticles (NPs) in the natural environment is important to assess their potential risk. Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) allows for the detection of NPs at extremely low concentrations, but the high natural background of the constituents of many of the most widely utilized nanoscale materials makes accurate quantification of engineered particles challenging. Chemical doping, with a less naturally abundant element, is one approach to address this; however, certain materials with high natural abundance, such as TiO2 NPs, are notoriously difficult to label and differentiate from natural NPs. Using the low abundance rare earth element Ho as a marker, Ho-bearing core -TiO2 shell (NaHoF4@TiO2) NPs were designed to enable the quantification of engineered TiO2 NPs in real environmental samples. The NaHoF4@TiO2 NPs were synthesized on a large scale (gram), at relatively low temperatures, using a sacrificial Al(OH)3 template that confines the hydrolysis of TiF4 within the space surrounding the NaHoF4 NPs. The resulting NPs consist of a 60 nm NaHoF4 core and a 5 nm anatase TiO2 shell, as determined by TEM, STEM-EDX mapping, and spICP-MS. The NPs exhibit excellent detectability by spICP-MS at extremely low concentrations (down to 1 \u00d7 10-3 ng/L) even in complex natural environments with high Ti background.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "General Materials Science", "01 natural sciences", "0104 chemical sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acsami.9b03062"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b03062"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ACS%20Applied%20Materials%20%26amp%3B%20Interfaces", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acsami.9b03062", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acsami.9b03062", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acsami.9b03062"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-17", "title": "Recent increases in terrestrial carbon uptake at little cost to the water cycle", "description": "Abstract

Quantifying the responses of the coupled carbon and water cycles to current global warming and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration is crucial for predicting and adapting to climate changes. Here we show that terrestrial carbon uptake (i.e. gross primary production) increased significantly from 1982 to 2011 using a combination of ground-based and remotely sensed land and atmospheric observations. Importantly, we find that the terrestrial carbon uptake increase is not accompanied by a proportional increase in water use (i.e. evapotranspiration) but is largely (about 90%) driven by increased carbon uptake per unit of water use, i.e. water use efficiency. The increased water use efficiency is positively related to rising CO2 concentration and increased canopy leaf area index, and negatively influenced by increased vapour pressure deficits. Our findings suggest that rising atmospheric CO2 concentration has caused a shift in terrestrial water economics of carbon uptake.

", "keywords": ["Atmospheric sciences", "GLOBAL-SCALE", "Climate Change and Variability Research", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "Carbon fibers", "Climate change", "Terrestrial plant", "Global and Planetary Change", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "EVAPOTRANSPIRATION", "Evapotranspiration", "Primary production", "Ecology", "Global warming", "Q", "TRANSPIRATION", "Composite number", "Geology", "Carbon cycle", "6. Clean water", "Physical Sciences", "8. Economic growth", "DIOXIDE", "Water-use efficiency", "Composite material", "Atmospheric carbon cycle", "Science", "Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere", "STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE", "0207 environmental engineering", "Article", "Environmental science", "USE EFFICIENCY", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "Irrigation", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "TRENDS", "Materials science", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Global Methane Emissions and Impacts", "VEGETATION", "Water cycle", "Climate Modeling", "Water use"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-00114-5.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-017-00114-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.2201072119", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-18", "title": "Ethylene inhibits rice root elongation in compacted soil via ABA- and auxin-mediated mechanisms", "description": "

Soil compaction represents a major agronomic challenge, inhibiting root elongation and impacting crop yields. Roots use ethylene to sense soil compaction as the restricted air space causes this gaseous signal to accumulate around root tips. Ethylene inhibits root elongation and promotes radial expansion in compacted soil, but its mechanistic basis remains unclear. Here, we report that ethylene promotes abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and cortical cell radial expansion. Rice mutants of ABA biosynthetic genes had attenuated cortical cell radial expansion in compacted soil, leading to better penetration. Soil compaction-induced ethylene also up-regulates the auxin biosynthesis gene OsYUC8 . Mutants lacking OsYUC8 are better able to penetrate compacted soil. The auxin influx transporter OsAUX1 is also required to mobilize auxin from the root tip to the elongation zone during a root compaction response. Moreover, osaux1 mutants penetrate compacted soil better than the wild-type roots and do not exhibit cortical cell radial expansion. We conclude that ethylene uses auxin and ABA as downstream signals to modify rice root cell elongation and radial expansion, causing root tips to swell and reducing their ability to penetrate compacted soil. The tremendous reservoir of soil organic carbon (SOC) in wetlands is being threatened by water-table decline (WTD) globally. However, the SOC response to WTD remains highly uncertain. Here we examine the under-investigated role of iron (Fe) in mediating soil enzyme activity and lignin stabilization in a mesocosm WTD experiment in an alpine wetland. In contrast to the classic \uffe2\uff80\uff98enzyme latch\uffe2\uff80\uff99 theory, phenol oxidative activity is mainly controlled by ferrous iron [Fe(II)] and declines with WTD, leading to an accumulation of dissolvable aromatics and a reduced activity of hydrolytic enzyme. Furthermore, using dithionite to remove Fe oxides, we observe a significant increase of Fe-protected lignin phenols in the air-exposed soils. Fe oxidation hence acts as an \uffe2\uff80\uff98iron gate\uffe2\uff80\uff99 against the \uffe2\uff80\uff98enzyme latch\uffe2\uff80\uff99 in regulating wetland SOC dynamics under oxygen exposure. This newly recognized mechanism may be key to predicting wetland soil carbon storage with intensified WTD in a changing climate.

", "keywords": ["Composite material", "Science", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Importance of Mangrove Ecosystems in Coastal Protection", "Soil water", "Carbon fibers", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Groundwater", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "Ecology", "Q", "Life Sciences", "Composite number", "Geology", "Mesocosm", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Materials science", "6. Clean water", "Water table", "Chemistry", "Geotechnical engineering", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Wetland", "Environmental chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Ferrous"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15972"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/ncomms15972", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/ncomms15972", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/ncomms15972"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-022-31540-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-01", "title": "Global stocks and capacity of mineral-associated soil organic carbon", "description": "Abstract

Soil is the largest terrestrial reservoir of organic carbon and is central for climate change mitigation and carbon-climate feedbacks. Chemical and physical associations of soil carbon with minerals play a critical role in carbon storage, but the amount and global capacity for storage in this form remain unquantified. Here, we produce spatially-resolved global estimates of mineral-associated organic carbon stocks and carbon-storage capacity by analyzing 1144 globally-distributed soil profiles. We show that current stocks total 899 Pg C to a depth of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89m in non-permafrost mineral soils. Although this constitutes 66% and 70% of soil carbon in surface and deeper layers, respectively, it is only 42% and 21% of the mineralogical capacity. Regions under agricultural management and deeper soil layers show the largest undersaturation of mineral-associated carbon. Critically, the degree of undersaturation indicates sequestration efficiency over years to decades. We show that, across 103 carbon-accrual measurements spanning management interventions globally, soils furthest from their mineralogical capacity are more effective at accruing carbon; sequestration rates average 3-times higher in soils at one tenth of their capacity compared to soils at one half of their capacity. Our findings provide insights into the world\uffe2\uff80\uff99s soils, their capacity to store carbon, and priority regions and actions for soil carbon management.The present work aims to quantify the impact of climate change (CC) on the grain yields of irrigated cereals and their water requirements in the Tensift region of Morocco. The Med-CORDEX (MEDiterranean COordinated Regional Climate Downscaling EXperiment) ensemble runs under scenarios RCP4.5 (Representative Concentration Pathway) and RCP8.5 are first evaluated and disaggregated using the quantile-quantile approach. The impact of CC on the duration of the main wheat phenological stages based on the degree-day approach is then analyzed. The results show that the rise in air temperature causes a shortening of the development cycle of up to 50 days. The impacts of rising temperature and changes in precipitation on wheat yields are next evaluated, based on the AquaCrop model, both with and without taking into account the fertilizing effect of CO2. As expected, optimal wheat yields will decrease on the order of 7 to 30% if CO2 concentration rise is not considered. The fertilizing effect of CO2 can counterbalance yield losses, since optimal yields could increase by 7% and 13% respectively at mid-century for the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Finally, water requirements are expected to decrease by 13 to 42%, mainly in response to the shortening of the cycle. This decrease is associated with a change in temporal patterns, with the requirement peak coming two months earlier than under current conditions.

", "keywords": ["Water resources", "Atmospheric sciences", "Agricultural Irrigation", "environment/Bioclimatology", "550", "Representative Concentration Pathways", "Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture", "Arid", "Rain", "[SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "Climate Change and Variability Research", "Plant Science", "Precipitation", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Downscaling", "Climate change", "Quantile", "Triticum", "Climatology", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Geography", "Temperature", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Morocco", "Phenology", "[SDV.EE.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "Seeds", "Physical Sciences", "Metallurgy", "Desert Climate", "Impacts of Elevated CO2 and Ozone on Plant Physiology", "Climate Change", "0207 environmental engineering", "Yield (engineering)", "Climate model", "Article", "Environmental science", "FOS: Economics and business", "Meteorology", "FOS: Mathematics", "Econometrics", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "[SDV.SA.AGRO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy", "Water", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Materials science", "[SDV.EE.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Bioclimatology", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Crop Yield", "Mediterranean climate", "Mathematics", "Climate Modeling"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55251-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41598-019-55251-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-019-56868-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-09", "title": "Modelling photovoltaic soiling losses through optical characterization", "description": "Abstract

The accumulation of soiling on photovoltaic (PV) modules affects PV systems worldwide. Soiling consists of mineral dust, soot particles, aerosols, pollen, fungi and/or other contaminants that deposit on the surface of PV modules. Soiling absorbs, scatters, and reflects a fraction of the incoming sunlight, reducing the intensity that reaches the active part of the solar cell. Here, we report on the comparison of naturally accumulated soiling on coupons of PV glass soiled at seven locations worldwide. The spectral hemispherical transmittance was measured. It was found that natural soiling disproportionately impacts the blue and ultraviolet (UV) portions of the spectrum compared to the visible and infrared (IR). Also, the general shape of the transmittance spectra was similar at all the studied sites and could adequately be described by a modified form of the \uffc3\uff85ngstr\uffc3\uffb6m turbidity equation. In addition, the distribution of particles sizes was found to follow the IEST-STD-CC 1246E cleanliness standard. The fractional coverage of the glass surface by particles could be determined directly or indirectly and, as expected, has a linear correlation with the transmittance. It thus becomes feasible to estimate the optical consequences of the soiling of PV modules from the particle size distribution and the cleanliness value.

", "keywords": ["Photovoltaic Arrays", "Cleanliness", "Particle", "PV", "02 engineering and technology", "Oceanography", "7. Clean energy", "soiling; experimental; transmittance; spectrum", "Turbidity", "Size", "Materials Science and Engineering", "\u00c5ngstr\u00f6m turbidity equation", "Transmittance", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Photovoltaic system", "Ultraviolet", "Microscopy", "Soiling", "Energy", "Ecology", "Physics", "Q", "R", "Imaging and sensing", "Geology", "Particle size", "6. Clean water", "Photovoltaic Efficiency", "Chemistry", "Physical chemistry", "Particle (ecology)", "Physical Sciences", "Sunlight", "Medicine", "Infrared", "570", "Particle-size distribution", "PV System", "Energy science and technology", "Science", "Optical spectroscopy", "Partial Shading", "530", "Modelling", "Article", "Environmental science", "Techniques and instrumentation", "Optical physics", "Meteorology", "Artificial Intelligence", "Machine Learning Methods for Solar Radiation Forecasting", "Optical techniques", "Optoelectronics", "Aerosol", "Biology", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Electronics", " photonics and device physics", "Building Integrated Photovoltaics", "Optics", "Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Materials science", "Photovoltaics", "Optics and photonics", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Computer Science", "Solar Thermal Energy Technologies"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.uniroma1.it/bitstream/11573/1625670/2/Smestad_Modelling_2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-56868-z.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56868-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41598-019-56868-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41598-019-56868-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41598-019-56868-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-30", "title": "Global soil acidification impacts on belowground processes", "description": "Abstract

With continuous nitrogen (N) enrichment and sulfur (S) deposition, soil acidification has accelerated and become a global environmental issue. However, a full understanding of the general pattern of ecosystem belowground processes in response to soil acidification due to the impacting factors remains elusive. We conducted a meta-analysis of soil acidification impacts on belowground functions using 304 observations from 49 independent studies, mainly including soil cations, soil nutrient, respiration, root and microbial biomass. Our results show that acid addition significantly reduced soil pH by 0.24 on average, with less pH decrease in forest than non-forest ecosystems. The response ratio of soil pH was positively correlated with site precipitation and temperature, but negatively with initial soil pH. Soil base cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+) decreased while non-base cations (Al3+, Fe3+) increased with soil acidification. Soil respiration, fine root biomass, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were significantly reduced by 14.7%, 19.1%, 9.6% and 12.1%, respectively, under acid addition. These indicate that soil carbon processes are sensitive to soil acidification. Overall, our meta-analysis suggests a strong negative impact of soil acidification on belowground functions, with the potential to suppress soil carbon emission. It also arouses our attention to the toxic effects of soil ions on terrestrial ecosystems.

", "keywords": ["Biomass (ecology)", "Organic chemistry", "Soil pH", "soil respiration", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Engineering", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "Soil water", "Climate change", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066", "Ecology", "Physics", "Soil Water Retention", "Ocean acidification", "Q", "Life Sciences", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "soil cations", "microbes", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Science", "QC1-999", "Materials Science", "Soil Science", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "Biomaterials", "soil pH", "acid deposition", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Soil acidification", "Ecosystem", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Applications of Clay Nanotubes in Various Fields", "Soil science", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "15. Life on land", "Soil biodiversity", "Agronomy", "meta-analysis", "Environmental sciences", "Soil Hydraulic Properties", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Bulk soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/ab239c"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1757-899X/364/1/012073", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-18", "title": "Photocatalytic hydroxyapatite-titania nanocomposites for preventive conservation of marble", "description": "Soiling of external surfaces is an increasing issue for conservation of architectural heritage. Providing architectural surfaces with self-cleaning ability is one of the most promising routes of preventive conservation. To this aim, several methods have been proposed in the literature, based on the use of photocatalytic TiO2 nanoparticles, either directly applied onto the surfaces or incorporated in protective coatings. However, when nano-TiO2 is directly applied onto architectural surfaces, the particles are easily removed by rain. When TiO2 is incorporated in polymeric coatings, durability issues arise as well, because the photoactivity of TiO2 nanoparticles can promote degradation of the polymer. Here, we present an innovative alternative method, based on combination of TiO2 nanoparticles and hydroxyapatite (HAP). The incorporation of nano-TiO2 into an HAP coating protects the nanoparticles from leaching by rain, thanks to the chemical bonding between TiO2 and HAP, without diminishing their photoactivity. As a result, marble treated with HAP-TiO2 composites exhibits high self-cleaning ability and high durability, with results superior to those achieve by direct application of nano-TiO2 onto the surface, as frequently performed on site.", "keywords": ["Durability; Hydroxyapatite; Marble; Nanoparticles; Protective coatings; Rain", "02 engineering and technology", "ING-IND/22 Scienza e tecnologia dei materiali", "Soiling; Photocatalytic activity; Selfcleaning; Titanium dioxide; Hydroxyapatite; Calcium phosphate; Durability; Leaching", "IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering", "0210 nano-technology", "01 natural sciences", "0104 chemical sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/643036/1/Sassoni%20et%20al%20%282018%29%20Photocatalytic%20HAP-TiO2%20nano-composites.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/364/1/012073"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/IOP%20Conference%20Series%3A%20Materials%20Science%20and%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1757-899X/364/1/012073", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1757-899X/364/1/012073", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1757-899X/364/1/012073"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1757-899X/364/1/012092", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-18", "title": "New insights on protective treatments for marble by FIB-SEM", "description": "In this study, we investigated by FIB-SEM the microstructure of protective coatings formed by two inorganic treatments (namely, ammonium oxalate and ammonium phosphate solutions), with the aim of identifying the factors limiting the protective efficacy of the coatings and outlining possible improvement strategies. In the case of the oxalate treatment, the resulting layer of whewellite was found to contain vertical channels, which can allow water to reach the marble surface and trigger dissolution. Possible prevention of the formation of these channels by addition of a calcium source to the oxalate solution was attempted, but even micromolar additions led to rapid precipitation in the solution. In the case of the phosphate treatment, the resulting hydroxyapatite and octacalcium phosphate coating was found to be cracked and porous. To prevent cracks and pores, diminishing the ammonium phosphate concentration and adding ethanol to the solution were found to be effective strategies, as cracks were prevented and pores were reduced almost to zero. The resulting protective efficacy of the coating was found to be significantly improved, although still not perfect.", "keywords": ["Hydroxyapatite; Inorganic coatings; Marble; Calcium oxalate; Protective coatings", "FIB; XRD; Inorganic protectives; Hydroxyapatite; Calcium phosphates; Calcium oxalate; Porosity; Marble; Acid attack", "02 engineering and technology", "ING-IND/22 Scienza e tecnologia dei materiali", "IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering", "0210 nano-technology", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/643033/3/Sassoni%20et%20al%20%282018%29%20New%20Insights%20by%20FIB-SEM%20on%20Protective%20Treatments.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/364/1/012092"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/IOP%20Conference%20Series%3A%20Materials%20Science%20and%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1757-899X/364/1/012092", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1757-899X/364/1/012092", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1757-899X/364/1/012092"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rsta.2019.0101", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-02", "title": "Nested Bloch waves in elastic structures with configurational forces", "description": "

Small axial and flexural oscillations are analysed for a periodic and infinite structure, constrained by sliding sleeves and composed of elastic beams. A nested Bloch\u2013Floquet technique is introduced to treat the nonlinear coupling between longitudinal and transverse displacements induced by the configurational forces generated at the sliding sleeve ends. The action of configurational forces is shown to play an important role from two perspectives. First, the band gap structure for purely longitudinal vibration is broken so that axial propagation may occur at frequencies that are forbidden in the absence of a transverse oscillation and, second, a flexural oscillation may induce axial resonance, a situation in which the longitudinal vibrations tend to become unbounded. The presented results disclose the possibility of exploiting configurational forces in the design of mechanical devices towards longitudinal actuation from flexural vibrations of small amplitude at given frequency.

This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Modelling of dynamic phenomena and localization in structured media (part 1)\u2019.

", "keywords": ["Condensed Matter - Materials Science", "Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)", "Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Band-gap; Periodic structures; Resonance", "Physics - Classical Physics", "02 engineering and technology", "0101 mathematics", "0210 nano-technology", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3054133/1/1908.03061v1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.unitn.it/bitstream/11572/255250/1/rsta.2019.0101.pdf"}, {"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.2019.0101"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0101"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20A%3A%20Mathematical%2C%20Physical%20and%20Engineering%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rsta.2019.0101", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rsta.2019.0101", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rsta.2019.0101"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1103/physrevb.104.075408", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-05", "title": "Pseudo-anapole regime in terahertz metasurfaces", "description": "We present the numerical, theoretical, and experimental study of a terahertz metasurface supporting a pseudo-anapole. Pseudo-anapole effect arises when electric and toroidal dipole moments both tend to a minimum, instead of destructive interference between electric and toroidal dipole moments in conventional anapole mode. Such overlap allows resonance suppression of electric type radiation. Thus it becomes possible to study the multipoles of other families and higher order excitations. We estimate multipole contribution to the metasurface response via the multipole expansion method. The series is extended with such terms as mean-square radii and multipole interference. We also study the metasurface geometrical tunability. Via scaling, we demonstrate that it is possible to control the metasurface toroidal and electric responses independently. This in turn proves the fact that these multipoles have different physical origin. Moreover, we demonstrate that the proposed metasurface allows excitation of coherent magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole modes, which is crucial for planar cavities and lasing spasers in nanophotonics.", "keywords": ["Technology", "Multidisciplinary", "Science & Technology", "Physics", "Materials Science", "Materials Science", " Multidisciplinary", "Condensed Matter", "530", "01 natural sciences", "620", "Physics", " Applied", "Physics", " Condensed Matter", "Applied", "Physical Sciences", "0103 physical sciences", "FIELD", "RESONANCES"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.104.075408"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physical%20Review%20B", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1103/physrevb.104.075408", "name": "item", "description": "10.1103/physrevb.104.075408", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1103/physrevb.104.075408"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.adg9644", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-12", "title": "Artificial intelligence\u2013coupled plasmonic infrared sensor for detection of structural protein biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases", "description": "

Diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) including Parkinson\u2019s disease and Alzheimer\u2019s disease is challenging owing to the lack of tools to detect preclinical biomarkers. The misfolding of proteins into oligomeric and fibrillar aggregates plays an important role in the development and progression of NDDs, thus underscoring the need for structural biomarker\u2013based diagnostics. We developed an immunoassay-coupled nanoplasmonic infrared metasurface sensor that detects proteins linked to NDDs, such as alpha-synuclein, with specificity and differentiates the distinct structural species using their unique absorption signatures. We augmented the sensor with an artificial neural network enabling unprecedented quantitative prediction of oligomeric and fibrillar protein aggregates in their mixture. The microfluidic integrated sensor can retrieve time-resolved absorbance fingerprints in the presence of a complex biomatrix and is capable of multiplexing for the simultaneous monitoring of multiple pathology-associated biomarkers. Thus, our sensor is a promising candidate for the clinical diagnosis of NDDs, disease monitoring, and evaluation of novel therapies.

", "keywords": ["Artificial Intelligence", "Alzheimer Disease", "Humans", "Physical and Materials Sciences", "Neurodegenerative Diseases", "Parkinson Disease", "Biomarkers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adg9644"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.adg9644", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.adg9644", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.adg9644"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/ma12020270", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-16", "title": "Improved Impact Properties in Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) Blends Containing Cellulose Acetate (CA) Prepared by Reactive Extrusion", "description": "

Poly(lactic acid)/triacetine plasticized cellulose acetate (PLA/pCA) blends were prepared by extrusion at two different temperatures and tetrabutylammonium tetraphenyl borate (TBATPB) was added as a transesterification catalyst to reactively promote the formation of PLA-CA copolymer during the reactive extrusion. The occurrence of chain scission in the PLA phase and branching/crosslinking in the CA phase in the presence of TBATPB, resulting also in a darkening of the material, were demonstrated by studying torque measurements and by performing proper thermogravimetric tests on CA with the different additives. Tensile and impact tests onto the blends prepared at the lower temperature showed better properties than the ones obtained at a higher temperature. Then, the mechanical properties of PLA/plasticized cellulose acetate (pCA) blends prepared at the lower temperature were investigated as a function of the content of plasticized CA in the blend. A range of compositions was observed where blends exhibited improved impact properties with respect to pure PLA without a significant decrease in their elastic modulus. The study of the phase morphology of the blends revealed that the occurrence of reactive compatibilization did not significantly affect the phase distribution. In general, fibrillar CA particles were formed in the PLA matrix during extrusion, thus allowing the preparation of CA fibre reinforced composites. The trend of morphology as a function of the composition and processing conditions was then discussed by considering the evolution of phase morphology in immiscible polymer blends.

", "keywords": ["cellulose acetate", "13. Climate action", "impact properties", "02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology", "Cellulose acetate; Impact properties; Phase morphology; Poly(lactic acid); Reactive extrusion; Materials Science (all)", "7. Clean energy", "poly(lactic acid)", " reactive extrusion", "phase morphology", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/12/2/270/pdf"}, {"href": "https://arpi.unipi.it/bitstream/11568/960015/1/materials-12-00270-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12020270"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/ma12020270", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/ma12020270", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/ma12020270"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0070224", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-16", "title": "Effects Of Added Organic Matter And Water On Soil Carbon Sequestration In An Arid Region", "description": "Open AccessEn general, se predice que el calentamiento global estimular\u00e1 la producci\u00f3n primaria y conducir\u00e1 a m\u00e1s aportes de carbono (C) al suelo. Sin embargo, muchos estudios han encontrado que el suelo C no necesariamente aumenta con el aumento de la entrada de basura vegetal. Las precipitaciones han aumentado en Asia central \u00e1rida y se prev\u00e9 que aumenten m\u00e1s, por lo que probamos los efectos de la adici\u00f3n de materia org\u00e1nica fresca (FOM) y agua en el secuestro de C del suelo en una regi\u00f3n \u00e1rida en el noroeste de China. Los resultados sugirieron que el FOM a\u00f1adido se descompuso r\u00e1pidamente y tuvo efectos menores en el dep\u00f3sito de carbono org\u00e1nico del suelo (SOC) a una profundidad de 30 cm. Tanto la FOM como la adici\u00f3n de agua tuvieron efectos significativos en la biomasa microbiana del suelo. La biomasa microbiana del suelo aument\u00f3 con la adici\u00f3n de FOM, alcanz\u00f3 un m\u00e1ximo y luego disminuy\u00f3 a medida que la FOM se descompon\u00eda. El FOM tuvo un efecto estimulante m\u00e1s significativo sobre la biomasa microbiana con la adici\u00f3n de agua. Bajo los rangos de humedad del suelo utilizados en este experimento (21.0% -29.7%), el aporte de FOM fue m\u00e1s importante que la adici\u00f3n de agua en el proceso de mineralizaci\u00f3n del suelo C. Concluimos que la entrada de FOM a corto plazo en el suelo subterr\u00e1neo y la adici\u00f3n de agua no afectan la piscina de SOC en los matorrales en una regi\u00f3n \u00e1rida.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "550", "Arid", "Growth", "630", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Agricultural soil science", "Tropical forest", "Soil water", "Carbon fibers", "Biomass", "Land-use", "2. Zero hunger", "Analysis of Land Cover and Ecosystems", "Ecology", "Respiration", "Q", "Temperature", "R", "Soil Chemical Properties", "Life Sciences", "Composite number", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "Medicine", "Organic matter", "Research Article", "Composite material", "Carbon Sequestration", "China", "Desert shrubs", "Science", "Soil Science", "Ecosystems", "Environmental science", "Meta-analysis in Ecology and Agriculture Research", "Organic Matter Dynamics", "Climate-change", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Soil science", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "Water", "Soil Properties", "15. Life on land", "Soil biodiversity", "Materials science", "Microbial activity", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Fine-root", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "CO2 flux"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070224"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0070224", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0070224", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0070224"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0124096", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-16", "title": "Effects Of Different Organic Manures On The Biochemical And Microbial Characteristics Of Albic Paddy Soil In A Short-Term Experiment", "description": "Open AccessCette \u00e9tude visait \u00e0 \u00e9valuer les effets des engrais chimiques (NPK), NPK avec du fumier de b\u00e9tail (NPK+M), NPK avec de la paille (NPK+S) et NPK avec du fumier vert (NPK+G) sur les activit\u00e9s enzymatiques du sol et les caract\u00e9ristiques microbiennes du sol de paddy albique, qui est un sol typique avec une faible productivit\u00e9 en Chine. Les r\u00e9ponses des activit\u00e9s enzymatiques extracellulaires et de la diversit\u00e9 des communaut\u00e9s microbiennes (d\u00e9termin\u00e9es par analyse des acides gras phospholipidiques [PLFA] et \u00e9lectrophor\u00e8se sur gel \u00e0 gradient d\u00e9naturant [DGGE]) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mesur\u00e9es. Les r\u00e9sultats ont montr\u00e9 que NPK+M et NPK+S augmentaient significativement le rendement du riz, NPK+M \u00e9tant sup\u00e9rieur d'environ 24\u00a0% \u00e0 NPK. Le NPK+M a significativement augment\u00e9 le carbone organique du sol (SOC) et les phosphates disponibles (P) et am\u00e9lior\u00e9 les activit\u00e9s de la phosphatase, de la \u03b2-cellobiosidase, de la L-leucine aminopeptidase et de l'ur\u00e9ase. Le NPK+S a significativement augment\u00e9 le COS et le potassium disponible (K) et significativement augment\u00e9 les activit\u00e9s de la N-ac\u00e9tyl-glucosamidase, de la \u03b2-xylosidase, de l'ur\u00e9ase et de la ph\u00e9nol oxydase. Le NPK+G a significativement am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'azote total (N), l'ammonium N, le P disponible et l'activit\u00e9 de la N-ac\u00e9tyl-glucosamidase. La biomasse de PLFA \u00e9tait la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e sous NPK+S, suivie des traitements NPK+M et NPK+G. L'analyse en composantes principales (ACP) du PLFA a indiqu\u00e9 que les sols avec NPK+M et NPK+S contenaient des proportions plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es d'acides gras insatur\u00e9s et de cyclopropane (biomarqueurs de champignons et de bact\u00e9ries \u00e0 Gram n\u00e9gatif) et que les sols sous NPK+G contenaient plus d'acides gras satur\u00e9s \u00e0 cha\u00eene droite (repr\u00e9sentant des bact\u00e9ries \u00e0 Gram positif). La PCA des patrons DGGE a montr\u00e9 que les amendements organiques avaient une plus grande influence sur la communaut\u00e9 fongique. L'analyse en grappes des profils DGGE fongiques a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que NPK+G \u00e9tait clairement s\u00e9par\u00e9. Pendant ce temps, la communaut\u00e9 bact\u00e9rienne du traitement NPK+M \u00e9tait la plus distincte. L'analyse RDA a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les changements dans la composition de la communaut\u00e9 microbienne d\u00e9pendaient principalement de la \u03b2-xylosidase, des activit\u00e9s de la \u03b2-cellobiosidase, de l'azote total et des teneurs en K disponibles. Les abondances de PLFA bact\u00e9riens et fongiques gram-n\u00e9gatifs probablement efficaces pour am\u00e9liorer la fertilit\u00e9 des sols de paddy albique \u00e0 faible rendement en raison de leur influence significative sur le profil DGGE.", "keywords": ["China", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Microbial population biology", "Science", "Materials Science", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Biochemistry", "Gene", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Biomaterials", "Food science", "Soil", "Engineering", "Genetics", "Biology", "Soil Microbiology", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Applications of Clay Nanotubes in Various Fields", "2. Zero hunger", "Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis", "Bacteria", "Q", "R", "Fungi", "Life Sciences", "Straw", "Oryza", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Urease", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Chemistry", "Enzyme", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Animal science", "Research Article", "16S ribosomal RNA"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qian Zhang, Wei Zhou, Gaofeng Liang, Xiu\u2010Bin Wang, Jingwen Sun, Ping He, LI Lu-jiu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0124096"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0124096", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0124096", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0124096"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0161694", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-02", "title": "Short-Term Responses Of Soil Respiration And C-Cycle Enzyme Activities To Additions Of Biochar And Urea In A Calcareous Soil", "description": "Open AccessBiochar (BC) addition to soil is a proposed strategy to enhance soil fertility and crop productivity. However, there is limited knowledge regarding responses of soil respiration and C-cycle enzyme activities to BC and nitrogen (N) additions in a calcareous soil. A 56-day incubation experiment was conducted to investigate the combined effects of BC addition rates (0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0% by mass) and urea (U) application on soil nutrients, soil respiration and C-cycle enzyme activities in a calcareous soil in the North China Plain. Our results showed soil pH values in both U-only and U plus BC treatments significantly decreased within the first 14 days and then stabilized, and CO2emission rate in all U plus BC soils decreased exponentially, while there was no significant difference in the contents of soil total organic carbon (TOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), and C/N ratio in each treatment over time. At each incubation time, soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), TOC, TN, C/N ratio, DOC and cumulative CO2 emission significantly increased with increasing BC addition rate, while soil potential activities of the four hydrolytic enzymes increased first and then decreased with increasing BC addition rate, with the largest values in the U + 1.0%BC treatment. However, phenol oxidase activity in all U plus BC soils showed a decreasing trend with the increase of BC addition rate. Our results suggest that U plus BC application at a rate of 1% promotes increases in hydrolytic enzymes, does not highly increase C/N and C mineralization, and can improve in soil fertility.", "keywords": ["Organic chemistry", "Soil pH", "Biochemistry", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Calcareous", "Engineering", "Soil water", "Urea", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Soil Water Retention", "Respiration", "Q", "Total organic carbon", "R", "Life Sciences", "Soil respiration", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Soil carbon", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "Charcoal", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "Respiration rate", "Medicine", "Incubation", "Pyrolysis", "Research Article", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Materials Science", "Soil Science", "Soil fertility", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Biomaterials", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Applications of Clay Nanotubes in Various Fields", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Biochar Application", "Botany", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Agronomy", "Biochar", "Unsaturated Soil Mechanics", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Animal science"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dali Song, XI Xiang-yin, Shaomin Huang, Gaofeng Liang, Jingwen Sun, Wei Zhou, Xiu\u2010Bin Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0161694"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0161694", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0161694", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0161694"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1515/nanoph-2021-0803", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-11", "title": "Recent progress in terahertz metamaterial modulators", "description": "Abstract

The terahertz (0.1\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0THz) range represents a fast-evolving research and industrial field. The great interest for this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, which lies between the photonics and the electronics ranges, stems from the unique and disruptive sectors where this radiation finds applications in, such as spectroscopy, quantum electronics, sensing and wireless communications beyond 5G. Engineering the propagation of terahertz light has always proved to be an intrinsically difficult task and for a long time it has been the bottleneck hindering the full exploitation of the terahertz spectrum. Amongst the different approaches that have been proposed so far for terahertz signal manipulation, the implementation of metamaterials has proved to be the most successful one, owing to the relative ease of realisation, high efficiency and spectral versatility. In this review, we present the latest developments in terahertz modulators based on metamaterials, while highlighting a few selected key applications in sensing, wireless communications and quantum electronics, which have particularly benefitted from these developments.The efficiency of bio self-healing of pre-cracked mortar specimens incubated in sand was investigated. The investigation examined the effect of soil pH representing industrially recognised classes of exposure, ranging from no risk of chemical attack (neutral pH\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff89\uff88\uffe2\uff80\uff897) to very high risk (pH\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff89\uff88\uffe2\uff80\uff894.5). Simultaneously, the soil was subjected to fully and partially saturated cycles for 120\uffc2\uffa0days to resemble groundwater-level fluctuation. Bacillus subtilis with nutrients were impregnated into perlite and utilised as a bacterial healing agent. The healing agent was added to half of the mortar specimens for comparison purposes. Mineral precipitations were observed in both control and bio-mortar specimens, and the healing products were examined by SEM\uffe2\uff80\uff93EDX scanning. The healing ratio was evaluated by comparing (1) the repair rate of the crack area and (2) by capillary water absorption and sorptivity index\uffe2\uff80\uff94before and after incubation. The results indicated that bacteria-doped specimens (bio-mortar) exhibited the most efficient crack-healing in all incubation conditions i.e. different chemical exposure classes. In the pH neutral soil, the average healing ratios for the control and bio-mortar specimens were 38% and 82%, respectively. However, the healing ratio decreased by 43% for specimens incubated in acidic soil (pH\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff89\uff88\uffe2\uff80\uff894) compared with specimens incubated in neutral soil (pH\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff89\uff88\uffe2\uff80\uff897). The study implies that bio self-healing is generally beneficial for concrete embedded within soil; however, aggressive ground conditions can inhibit the healing process.

", "keywords": ["Mechanics of Materials", "Self-healing", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "General Materials Science", "Building and Construction", "Soil pH", "02 engineering and technology", "6. Clean water", "Civil and Structural Engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1617/s11527-021-01690-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Materials%20and%20Structures", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1617/s11527-021-01690-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1617/s11527-021-01690-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1617/s11527-021-01690-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17188/1262978", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:38Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Materials Data on La(SiRu)2 by Materials Project", "description": "LaRu2Si2 crystallizes in the tetragonal I4/mmm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. La3+ is bonded in a distorted body-centered cubic geometry to eight equivalent Si4- atoms. All La\u2013Si bond lengths are 3.31 \u00c5. Ru+2.50+ is bonded to four equivalent Si4- atoms to form a mixture of distorted edge and corner-sharing RuSi4 tetrahedra. All Ru\u2013Si bond lengths are 2.40 \u00c5. Si4- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to four equivalent La3+ and four equivalent Ru+2.50+ atoms.", "keywords": ["crystal structure", "La-Ru-Si", "La(SiRu)2", "36 MATERIALS SCIENCE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17188/1262978"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17188/1262978", "name": "item", "description": "10.17188/1262978", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17188/1262978"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17188/1322561", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:38Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Materials Data on BaYTiCuO5 by Materials Project", "description": "BaYTiCuO5 crystallizes in the tetragonal P4mm space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Ba2+ is bonded in a 8-coordinate geometry to eight O2- atoms. All Ba\u2013O bond lengths are 2.87 \u00c5. Y3+ is bonded in a body-centered cubic geometry to eight O2- atoms. There are four shorter (2.41 \u00c5) and four longer (2.48 \u00c5) Y\u2013O bond lengths. Ti4+ is bonded to five O2- atoms to form distorted corner-sharing TiO5 square pyramids. There is one shorter (1.80 \u00c5) and four longer (2.02 \u00c5) Ti\u2013O bond length. Cu1+ is bonded in a rectangular see-saw-like geometry to four equivalent O2- atoms. All Cu\u2013O bond lengths are 1.97 \u00c5. There are three inequivalent O2- sites. In the first O2- site, O2- is bonded in a 4-coordinate geometry to two equivalent Y3+ and two equivalent Ti4+ atoms. In the second O2- site, O2- is bonded to two equivalent Ba2+, two equivalent Y3+, and two equivalent Cu1+ atoms to form a mixture of distorted corner, edge, and face-sharing OBa2Y2Cu2 octahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 1\u00b0. In the third O2- site, O2- is bonded in a distorted single-bond geometry to four equivalent Ba2+ and one Ti4+ atom.", "keywords": ["crystal structure", "36 MATERIALS SCIENCE", "BaYTiCuO5", "Ba-Cu-O-Ti-Y"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17188/1322561"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17188/1322561", "name": "item", "description": "10.17188/1322561", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17188/1322561"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17188/1475777", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:38Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Materials Data on EuCuO3 by Materials Project", "description": "EuCuO3 is (Cubic) Perovskite structured and crystallizes in the cubic Pm-3m space group. The structure is three-dimensional. Eu3+ is bonded to twelve equivalent O2- atoms to form EuO12 cuboctahedra that share corners with twelve equivalent EuO12 cuboctahedra, faces with six equivalent EuO12 cuboctahedra, and faces with eight equivalent CuO6 octahedra. All Eu\u2013O bond lengths are 2.71 \u00c5. Cu3+ is bonded to six equivalent O2- atoms to form CuO6 octahedra that share corners with six equivalent CuO6 octahedra and faces with eight equivalent EuO12 cuboctahedra. The corner-sharing octahedral tilt angles are 0\u00b0. All Cu\u2013O bond lengths are 1.91 \u00c5. O2- is bonded in a distorted linear geometry to four equivalent Eu3+ and two equivalent Cu3+ atoms.", "keywords": ["crystal structure", "Cu-Eu-O", "EuCuO3", "36 MATERIALS SCIENCE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17188/1475777"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17188/1475777", "name": "item", "description": "10.17188/1475777", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17188/1475777"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17188/1739130", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:38Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Materials Data on Rb2MgO2 by Materials Project", "description": "Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations", "keywords": ["crystal structure", "Rb2MgO2", "Mg-O-Rb", "36 MATERIALS SCIENCE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17188/1739130"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17188/1739130", "name": "item", "description": "10.17188/1739130", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17188/1739130"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17188/1739749", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:38Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Materials Data on Ba2YNi3O7 by Materials Project", "description": "Computed materials data using density functional theory calculations. These calculations determine the electronic structure of bulk materials by solving approximations to the Schrodinger equation. For more information, see https://materialsproject.org/docs/calculations", "keywords": ["crystal structure", "Ba-Ni-O-Y", "36 MATERIALS SCIENCE", "Ba2YNi3O7"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17188/1739749"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17188/1739749", "name": "item", "description": "10.17188/1739749", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17188/1739749"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/ma11020177", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-23", "title": "Durable Self-Cleaning Coatings for Architectural Surfaces by Incorporation of TiO2 Nano-Particles into Hydroxyapatite Films", "description": "

To prevent soiling of marble exposed outdoors, the use of TiO2 nano-particles has been proposed in the literature by two main routes, both raising durability issues: (i) direct application to marble surface, with the risk of particle leaching by rainfall; (ii) particle incorporation into inorganic or organic coatings, with the risk of organic coating degradation catalyzed by TiO2 photoactivity. Here, we investigated the combination of nano-TiO2 and hydroxyapatite (HAP), previously developed for marble protection against dissolution in rain and mechanical consolidation. HAP-TiO2 combination was investigated by two routes: (i) sequential application of HAP followed by nano-TiO2 (\uffe2\uff80\uff9cH+T\uffe2\uff80\uff9d); (ii) simultaneous application by introducing nano-TiO2 into the phosphate solution used to form HAP (\uffe2\uff80\uff9cHT\uffe2\uff80\uff9d). The self-cleaning ability was evaluated before and after prolonged exposure to simulated rain. \uffe2\uff80\uff9cH+T\uffe2\uff80\uff9d and \uffe2\uff80\uff9cHT\uffe2\uff80\uff9d coatings exhibited much better resistance to nano-TiO2 leaching by rain, compared to TiO2 alone. In \uffe2\uff80\uff9cH+T\uffe2\uff80\uff9d samples, TiO2 nano-particles adhere better to HAP (having flower-like morphology and high specific surface area) than to marble. In \uffe2\uff80\uff9cHT\uffe2\uff80\uff9d samples, thanks to chemical bonds between nano-TiO2 and HAP, the particles are firmly incorporated in the HAP coating, which protects them from leaching by rain, without diminishing their photoactivity and without being degraded by them.

", "keywords": ["Anatase; Calcium phosphates; Consolidation; Cultural heritage; Leaching; Marble; Photocatalytic activity; Protection; Rain; Soiling; Materials Science (all)", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "soiling; photocatalytic activity; anatase; marble; calcium phosphates; cultural heritage; protection; rain; leaching; consolidation", "02 engineering and technology", "ING-IND/22 Scienza e tecnologia dei materiali", "Soiling; Photocatalytic activity; Anatase; Marble; Calcium phosphates; Cultural Heritage; Protection; Rain; Leaching; Consolidation", "0210 nano-technology", "Article", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/2/177/pdf"}, {"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/628257/1/Sassoni%20et%20al%20%282018%29%20HAP%2bTiO2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11020177"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/ma11020177", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/ma11020177", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/ma11020177"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/ma11040557", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-04", "title": "Hydroxyapatite and Other Calcium Phosphates for the Conservation of Cultural Heritage: A Review", "description": "

The present paper reviews the methods and the performance of in situ formation of calcium phosphates (CaP) for the conservation of materials belonging to cultural heritage. The core idea is to form CaP (ideally hydroxyapatite, HAP, the most stable CaP at pH > 4) by reaction between the substrate and an aqueous solution of a phosphate salt. Initially proposed for the conservation of marble and limestone, the treatment has been explored for a variety of different substrates, including sandstones, sulphated stones, gypsum stuccoes, concrete, wall paintings, archaeological bones and paper. First, the studies aimed at identifying the best treatment conditions (e.g., nature and concentration of the phosphate precursor, solution pH, treatment duration, ionic and organic additions to the phosphate solution, mineralogical composition of the new CaP phases) are summarized. Then, the treatment performance on marble and limestone is reviewed, in terms of protective and consolidating effectiveness, compatibility (aesthetic, microstructural and physical) and durability. Some pilot applications in real case studies are also reported. Recent research aimed at extending the phosphate treatment to other substrates is then illustrated. Finally, the strengths of the phosphate treatment are summarized, in comparison with alternative products, and some aspects needing future research are outlined.

", "keywords": ["Ammonium oxalate; Ammonium phosphate; Calcium phosphates; Consolidation; Durability; Hydroxyapatite; Limestone; Marble; Octacalcium phosphate; Protection; Materials Science", "2. Zero hunger", "11. Sustainability", "Review", "02 engineering and technology", "ING-IND/22 Scienza e tecnologia dei materiali", "0210 nano-technology", "6. Clean water", "marble limestone consolidation protection durability calcium phosphates hydroxyapatite octacalcium phosphate ammonium phosphate ammonium oxalate", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sassoni, Enrico", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/643011/1/Sassoni%20%282018%29%20Review%20HAP%20for%20CH.pdf"}, {"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/11/4/557/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ma11040557"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/ma11040557", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/ma11040557", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/ma11040557"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.31224/osf.io/r8xau", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-02", "title": "Multi-Axial Hybrid Fire Testing based on Dynamic Relaxation", "description": "

This technical note presents the experimental validation of a hybrid fire testing coordination algorithm recently developed by some of the authors. For the first time, the algorithm is applied to solve the static response of a multiple-degrees-of-freedom hybrid model.

", "keywords": ["Coordination algorithms", "Fire test", "Dynamic relaxation", "Computer science", "bepress|Engineering", "General Physics and Astronomy", "02 engineering and technology", "0201 civil engineering", "Control theory", "engrXiv|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "General Materials Science", "Safety", " Risk", " Reliability and Quality", "Partitioned time integration", "Hybrid fire testing", "engrXiv|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering|Structural Engineering", "Technical note", "General Chemistry", "Experimental validation", "Hybrid fire testing; Dynamic relaxation; Partitioned time integration", "engrXiv|Engineering", "bepress|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering", "Static response", "bepress|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering|Structural Engineering", "Multi axial", "Hybrid model"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.31224/osf.io/r8xau"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Fire%20Safety%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.31224/osf.io/r8xau", "name": "item", "description": "10.31224/osf.io/r8xau", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.31224/osf.io/r8xau"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmech.2018.00018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-20", "title": "The Role of Heat Transfer Limitations in Polymer Pyrolysis at the Microscale", "description": "Pyrolysis of synthetic or natural polymers is an important process in many industries such as fire safety, thermal recycling, and biomass power generation. The kinetics of pyrolysis is usually studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), which is based on measuring the mass loss of a microscale sample and measuring the temperature of the surrounding fluid during controlled heating. The literature is rich in TGA measurements, which are often assumed to be governed solely by chemical kinetics. Heat and mass transfer effects, however, can occur when the sample mass is too large. Only a few studies in the literature quantify the threshold for the initial mass, above which heat transfer effects are significant. Here, we systematically analyse the role of heat transfer in TGA measurements, review existing formulations, and provide a novel threshold for the maximum sample mass. We focus on the natural polymer cellulose, a surrogate for biomass, and split the problem into heat transfer within the sample (intraparticle) and between the sample and the fluid (interparticle). Using dimensional analysis we derive two upper bound thresholds for the initial sample mass as a function of heating. One threshold is calculated based on interparticle heat transfer and depends on flow and heating conditions as well as material and fluid properties. The other is calculated based on intraparticle heat transfer and depends on heating conditions and material properties. Both thresholds were validated with measurements and previous studies from the literature. Comparing both thresholds shows that the maximum sample mass in a TGA is dictated by interparticle heat transfer and rapidly reduces with heating rate from 1.8 mg at 10 K/min to 0.15 mg at 50 K/min. These results enable the selection of appropriate sample masses and heating conditions in TGA measurements, which in turn will lead to a better understanding of polymer pyrolysis.", "keywords": ["TGA", "thermal lag", "Mechanical Engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "0915 Interdisciplinary Engineering", "chemistry", "7. Clean energy", "Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering", "cellulose", "Computer Science Applications", "0201 civil engineering", "12. Responsible consumption", "kinetics", "13. Climate action", "transport", "TJ1-1570", "General Materials Science", "Mechanical engineering and machinery", "0204 chemical engineering", "0913 Mechanical Engineering"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Richter, F, Rein, G,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmech.2018.00018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Mechanical%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmech.2018.00018", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmech.2018.00018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmech.2018.00018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/app12094623", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-05", "title": "Opportunities for Low Indirect Land Use Biomass for Biofuels in Europe", "description": "

Sustainable biofuels are an important tool for the decarbonisation of transport. This is especially true in aviation, maritime, and heavy-duty sectors with limited short-term alternatives. Their use by conventional transport fleets requires few changes to the existing infrastructure and engines, and thus their integration can be smooth and relatively rapid. Provision of feedstock should comply with sustainability principles for (i) producing additional biomass without distorting food and feed markets and (ii) addressing challenges for ecosystem services, including biodiversity, and soil quality. This paper performs a meta-analysis of current research for low indirect land use change (ILUC) risk biomass crops for sustainable biofuels that benefited either from improved agricultural practices or from cultivation in unused, abandoned, or severely degraded land. Two categories of biomass crops are considered here: oil and lignocellulosic. The findings confirm that there are significant opportunities to cultivate these crops in European agro-ecological zones with sustainable agronomic practices both in farming land and in land with natural constraints (unused, abandoned, and degraded land). These could produce additional low environmental impact feedstocks for biofuels and deliver economic benefits to farmers.

", "keywords": ["advanced biofuels", "Technology", "Chemistry", " Multidisciplinary", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "CROP-ROTATION", "CARBON", "Engineering", "11. Sustainability", "land use change; low ILUC; oil crops; lignocellulosic crops; advanced biofuels; sustainability; marginal land; degraded land", "ALTERNATIVE FUELS", "Biology (General)", "2. Zero hunger", "Multidisciplinary", "marginal land", "T", "Physics", "sustainability", "Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)", "Chemistry", "Applied", "Physical Sciences", "TA1-2040", "low ILUC", "land use change", "330", "QH301-705.5", "QC1-999", "Materials Science", "Engineering", " Multidisciplinary", "Materials Science", " Multidisciplinary", "Physics", " Applied", "12. Responsible consumption", "CYCLE", "QD1-999", "BIODIESEL PRODUCTION", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Science & Technology", "advanced biofuels; degraded land; land use change; lignocellulosic crops; low ILUC; marginal land; oil crops; sustainability", "15. Life on land", "AGROFORESTRY", "SOIL", "NITROGEN", "lignocellulosic crops", "YIELD", "oil crops", "13. Climate action", "CRAMBE-ABYSSINICA", "degraded land"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/9/4623/pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.polito.it/bitstream/11583/2995521/1/applsci-12-04623-v3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/12/9/4623/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/app12094623"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/app12094623", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/app12094623", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/app12094623"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.48550/arxiv.2306.05226", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:22:19Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Phonon-phonon coupling in bismuth vanadate over a large temperature range across the monoclinic phase", "description": "In this work we study phonon-phonon coupling in bismuth vanadate (BiVO4), known for its second-order transition involving a variety of coupling mechanisms. Using Raman spectroscopy as a probe, we identify two optical coupled phonon modes of the VO4 tetrahedron and study them by varying light polarization and temperature. The coupling manifests in non-Lorentzian line-shapes of Raman peaks and frequency shifts. We use theoretical framework of coupled damped harmonic oscillators to model the coupling and capture the phenomena in the temperature evolution of the coupling parameters. The coupling is negligible at temperatures below 100 K and later increases in magnitude with temperature until 400 K. The sign of the coupling parameter depends on the light polarization direction, causing either phonon attraction or repulsion. After 400 K the phonon-phonon coupling diminishes when approaching phase transition at which the phonon modes change their symmetry and the coupling is no longer allowed.", "keywords": ["Condensed Matter - Materials Science", "Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)", "FOS: Physical sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hill, Christina, Gordeev, Georgy, Guennou, Mael,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2306.05226"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.48550/arxiv.2306.05226", "name": "item", "description": "10.48550/arxiv.2306.05226", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.48550/arxiv.2306.05226"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11850/510230", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:26:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-02", "title": "Multi-Axial Hybrid Fire Testing based on Dynamic Relaxation", "description": "

This technical note presents the experimental validation of a hybrid fire testing coordination algorithm recently developed by some of the authors. For the first time, the algorithm is applied to solve the static response of a multiple-degrees-of-freedom hybrid model.

", "keywords": ["Coordination algorithms", "Fire test", "Dynamic relaxation", "Computer science", "bepress|Engineering", "General Physics and Astronomy", "02 engineering and technology", "0201 civil engineering", "Control theory", "engrXiv|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "General Materials Science", "Safety", " Risk", " Reliability and Quality", "Partitioned time integration", "Hybrid fire testing", "engrXiv|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering|Structural Engineering", "Technical note", "General Chemistry", "Experimental validation", "Hybrid fire testing; Dynamic relaxation; Partitioned time integration", "engrXiv|Engineering", "bepress|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering", "Static response", "bepress|Engineering|Civil and Environmental Engineering|Structural Engineering", "Multi axial", "Hybrid model"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.11850/510230"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Fire%20Safety%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.11850/510230", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.11850/510230", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.11850/510230"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11572/255250", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:26:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-02", "title": "Nested Bloch waves in elastic structures with configurational forces", "description": "

Small axial and flexural oscillations are analysed for a periodic and infinite structure, constrained by sliding sleeves and composed of elastic beams. A nested Bloch\u2013Floquet technique is introduced to treat the nonlinear coupling between longitudinal and transverse displacements induced by the configurational forces generated at the sliding sleeve ends. The action of configurational forces is shown to play an important role from two perspectives. First, the band gap structure for purely longitudinal vibration is broken so that axial propagation may occur at frequencies that are forbidden in the absence of a transverse oscillation and, second, a flexural oscillation may induce axial resonance, a situation in which the longitudinal vibrations tend to become unbounded. The presented results disclose the possibility of exploiting configurational forces in the design of mechanical devices towards longitudinal actuation from flexural vibrations of small amplitude at given frequency.

This article is part of the theme issue \u2018Modelling of dynamic phenomena and localization in structured media (part 1)\u2019.

", "keywords": ["Condensed Matter - Materials Science", "Bulk waves in solid mechanics", "Classical Physics (physics.class-ph)", "Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci)", "FOS: Physical sciences", "band-gap", "Physics - Classical Physics", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "resonance", "Band-gap; Periodic structures; Resonance", "periodic structures", "0101 mathematics", "0210 nano-technology", "mechanics"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3054133/1/1908.03061v1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.unitn.it/bitstream/11572/255250/1/rsta.2019.0101.pdf"}, {"href": "https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsta.2019.0101"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11572/255250"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20A%3A%20Mathematical%2C%20Physical%20and%20Engineering%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11572/255250", "name": "item", "description": "11572/255250", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11572/255250"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10044/1/107846", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:25:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-04-23", "title": "Modular Design for Versatile Broadband Polarizing Metasurfaces with Freely Switching Functions", "description": "Abstract

Polarization is a fundamental property of electromagnetic waves that plays a key role in many physical phenomena and applications. Schemes to manipulate it are revisited with the emergence of metasurfaces, which have brought multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90functionalities straightforwardly. However, this has come at the expense of design complexity that relies strongly on field theory. Here, an ingenious strategy of modular design is proposed to construct subwavelength multifunctional polarization control devices. Chiral metasurfaces with different handedness are first proposed and regarded as modules. The versatile polarization controller can thus be obtained with the combination of different modules. These experiments demonstrate that the well\uffe2\uff80\uff90designed polarization controller possesses reconfigurable functionality, and various broadband polarization and amplitude regulation functions with high efficiency including arbitrary linear polarization rotation, asymmetric transmission effect, neutral\uffe2\uff80\uff90density\uffe2\uff80\uff90like filter, polarization beam splitter, etc., can be readily realized just by changing the cascaded modules. The physical mechanisms of the versatile polarization controller and chiral metasurface modules are both guaranteed by the Fabry\uffe2\uff80\uff93P\uffc3\uffa9rot\uffe2\uff80\uff90like resonances, which are theoretically verified via the transfer matrix method. It is envisioned that the modular concept will be of great benefit to designing compact multifunctional polarization controllers.The terahertz (0.1\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0THz) range represents a fast-evolving research and industrial field. The great interest for this portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, which lies between the photonics and the electronics ranges, stems from the unique and disruptive sectors where this radiation finds applications in, such as spectroscopy, quantum electronics, sensing and wireless communications beyond 5G. Engineering the propagation of terahertz light has always proved to be an intrinsically difficult task and for a long time it has been the bottleneck hindering the full exploitation of the terahertz spectrum. Amongst the different approaches that have been proposed so far for terahertz signal manipulation, the implementation of metamaterials has proved to be the most successful one, owing to the relative ease of realisation, high efficiency and spectral versatility. In this review, we present the latest developments in terahertz modulators based on metamaterials, while highlighting a few selected key applications in sensing, wireless communications and quantum electronics, which have particularly benefitted from these developments.