{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:14:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-02-25", "title": "Changes In Soil Aggregate, Carbon, And Nitrogen Storages Following The Conversion Of Cropland To Alfalfa Forage Land In The Marginal Oasis Of Northwest China", "description": "Maintenance of soil organic carbon (SOC) is important for sustainable use of soil resources due to the multiple effects of SOC on soil nutrient status and soil structural stability. The objective of this study was to identify the changes in soil aggregate distribution and stability, SOC, and nitrogen (N) concentrations after cropland was converted to perennial alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. Algonguin) grassland for 6 years in the marginal oasis of the middle of Hexi Corridor region, northwest China. Significant changes in the size distribution of dry-sieving aggregates and water-stable aggregates, SOC, and N concentrations occurred after the conversion from crop to alfalfa. SOC and N stocks increased by 20.2% and 18.5%, respectively, and the estimated C and N sequestration rates were 0.4 Mg C ha(-1) year(-1) and 0.04 Mg N ha(-1) year(-1) following the conversion. The large aggregate (>5 mm) was the most abundant dry aggregate size fraction in both crop and alfalfa soils, and significant difference in the distribution of dry aggregates between the two land use types occurred only in the >5 mm aggregate fraction. The percentage of water-stable macroaggregates (>2, 2-0.25 mm) and aggregate stability (mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates, WMWD) were significantly higher in alfalfa soils than in crop soils. There was a significant linear relationship between total SOC concentration and aggregate parameters (mean weight diameter) for alfalfa soils, indicating that aggregate stability was closely associated with increased SOC concentration following the conversion of crops to alfalfa. The SOC and N concentrations and the C/N ratio were greatest in the >2 mm water-stable aggregates and the smallest in the 0.25-0.05 mm aggregates in crop and alfalfa soils. For the same aggregate, SOC and N concentrations in aggregate fractions increased with increasing total SOC and N concentrations. The result showed that the conversion of annual crops to alfalfa in the marginal land with coarse-texture soils can significantly increase SOC and N stocks, and improve soil structure.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Geologic Sediments", "Geography", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Desert Climate", "Particle Size", "Environmental Monitoring", "Medicago sativa"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rong Yang, Wenjie Liu, Xue Xiang Chang, Yong Zhong Su,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00267-009-9284-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep36981", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-11", "title": "Increase Phosphorus Availability From The Use Of Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L) Green Manure In Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Agroecosystem", "description": "Abstract<p>Alfalfa is a good green manure source, but its effect on rice growth has not been fully elucidated. Two green manure species, alfalfa and broad bean (Vicia faba L.), and two N fertilizer levels, alone or combination, were applied to a rice field. The results indicated that alfalfa had more pronounced effects on increasing soil labile phosphorus (P) fractions (including NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi), P uptake and soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase and \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase) than broad bean and N fertilizer. The transformation of NaHCO3-Po to labile P regulated by alfalfa played a significant direct and indirect effect on grain yield. Although a much lower N input from alfalfa addition, a similar grain yield with N fertilizer treatment was achieved, and the integration of alfalfa with N fertilizer produced the highest grain yield and P availability, which was associated with the highest urease, acid phosphatase and \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase activity in soil. These results indicate that alfalfa green manure had a great ability of increasing grain yield through enhancing P availability in rice paddy, which could give us a way to reduce N fertilizer application by enhancing P availability.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Vicia faba", "Manure", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Medicago sativa"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiaoye Gao, Shili Yuan, Dongyan Shi, Yuan An, Aimin Lv, Peng Zhou, Shengyin Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36981"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep36981", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep36981", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep36981"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1079/bjn19780043", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-19", "title": "Methane Production In Rumen And Lower Gut Of Sheep Given Lucerne Chaff - Effect Of Level Of Intake", "description": "<p>1. Methane production rates were estimated simultaneously in the rumen and caecum of sheep given 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 g lucerne (Medicago sativa) chaff/d using isotope dilution techniques. Estimates were also made of volatile fatty acid (VFA) production in the rumen at each level of feeding. In all studies three to four animals were used at each level of intake.</p><p>2. Production of VFA and of methane were both related to digestible energy (de) intake. Regression lines for both VFA production and methane productionv.deintake had significant intercepts indicating an input of endogenous, fermentable organic matter into the rumen in excess of 50 g/d.</p><p>3. The values obtained for rates of methane production were compared with those calculated from stoicheiometric equations relating rates of methane and VFA production. Comparisons of methane production with that predicted fromdeintake were also made.</p><p>4. Balances for digestion of food determined for the rumen indicated that the energies in the end-products were more than 100% of thedeintakes at low intakes of lucerne chaff. Correction for fermentation of apparent endogenous materials resulted in more realistic values. Endogenous materials appeared to make a significant contribution to VFA and methane production, particularly at low levels of intake.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Rumen", "Sheep", "Fermentation", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Animals", "Female", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Fatty Acids", " Volatile", "Methane", "Diet", "Medicago sativa"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. M. Bryant, R. M. Murray, Ronald Leng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn19780043"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/British%20Journal%20of%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1079/bjn19780043", "name": "item", "description": "10.1079/bjn19780043", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1079/bjn19780043"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1978-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/jxb/erq249", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:17:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-27", "title": "Plant Physiology And Proteomics Reveals The Leaf Response To Drought In Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.)", "description": "Despite its relevance, protein regulation, metabolic adjustment, and the physiological status of plants under drought is not well understood in relation to the role of nitrogen fixation in nodules. In this study, nodulated alfalfa plants were exposed to drought conditions. The study determined the physiological, metabolic, and proteomic processes involved in photosynthetic inhibition in relation to the decrease in nitrogenase (N(ase)) activity. The deleterious effect of drought on alfalfa performance was targeted towards photosynthesis and N(ase) activity. At the leaf level, photosynthetic inhibition was mainly caused by the inhibition of Rubisco. The proteomic profile and physiological measurements revealed that the reduced carboxylation capacity of droughted plants was related to limitations in Rubisco protein content, activation state, and RuBP regeneration. Drought also decreased amino acid content such as asparagine, and glutamic acid, and Rubisco protein content indicating that N availability limitations were caused by N(ase) activity inhibition. In this context, drought induced the decrease in Rubisco binding protein content at the leaf level and proteases were up-regulated so as to degrade Rubisco protein. This degradation enabled the reallocation of the Rubisco-derived N to the synthesis of amino acids with osmoregulant capacity. Rubisco degradation under drought conditions was induced so as to remobilize Rubisco-derived N to compensate for the decrease in N associated with N(ase) inhibition. Metabolic analyses showed that droughted plants increased amino acid (proline, a major compound involved in osmotic regulation) and soluble sugar (D-pinitol) levels to contribute towards the decrease in osmotic potential (\u03a8(s)). At the nodule level, drought had an inhibitory effect on N(ase) activity. This decrease in N(ase) activity was not induced by substrate shortage, as reflected by an increase in total soluble sugars (TSS) in the nodules. Proline accumulation in the nodule could also be associated with an osmoregulatory response to drought and might function as a protective agent against ROS. In droughted nodules, the decrease in N(2) fixation was caused by an increase in oxygen resistance that was induced in the nodule. This was a mechanism to avoid oxidative damage associated with reduced respiration activity and the consequent increase in oxygen content. This study highlighted that even though drought had a direct effect on leaves, the deleterious effects of drought on nodules also conditioned leaf responsiveness.", "keywords": ["Proteomics", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "Rubisco", "Proteome", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "proteome", "N-2 FIXATION RESPONSE", "drought", "N2 fixation", "03 medical and health sciences", "XANTHOPHYLL CYCLE", "N-2 fixation", "2-CYSTEINE PEROXIREDOXIN", "Nitrogenase", "oxidative stress", "AMINO-ACIDS", "Photosynthesis", "climate", "agriculture", "Plant Proteins", "580", "N remobilization", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "photosynthesis", "PINITOL ACCUMULATION", "Drought", "RIBULOSE-1", "5-BISPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE-OXYGENASE", "Water", "BRASSICA-NAPUS", "N(O)-TERT-BUTYLDIMETHYLSILYL DERIVATIVES", "15. Life on land", "Research Papers", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Plant Leaves", "nitrogen fixation", "Oxidative stress", "rubisco", "NITROGEN-FIXATION", "WATER-WATER CYCLE", "Medicago sativa"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erq249"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Experimental%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/jxb/erq249", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/jxb/erq249", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/jxb/erq249"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832010000400022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-17", "title": "Liming Influence On Soil Chemical Properties, Nutritional Status And Yield Of Alfalfa Grown In Acid Soil", "description": "<p>Alfalfa is an important forage crop with high nutritive value, although highly susceptible to soil acidity. Liming is one of the most efficient and prevailing practices to correct soil acidity and improve alfalfa yield. The objective of this study was to evaluate response to liming of alfalfa grown in a greenhouse on a Typic Quartzipsamment soil. The treatments consisted of four lime rates (0, 3.8, 6.6 and 10.3 Mg ha-1) and two cuts. Alfalfa dry matter increased quadratically with increasing lime rates. In general, dry matter yield was maximized by a lime rate of 8.0 Mg ha-1. Except for the control, the dry matter nutrient contents in the treatments were adequate. The positive linear correlation between root and nodule dry matter with lime rates indicated improvement of these plant traits with decreasing soil acidity. The soil acidity indices pH, base saturation, Ca2+ concentration, Mg2+ concentration, and H + Al were relevant factors in the assessment of alfalfa yield. The magnitude of influence of these soil acidity indices on yield as determined by the coefficient of determination (R\uffc2\uffb2) varied and decreased in the order: base saturation, H + Al, pH, Ca and Mg concentrations. Optimum values of selected soil chemical properties were defined for maximum shoot dry matter; these values can serve as a guideline for alfalfa liming to improve the yield of this forage on acid soils.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nutrient uptake", "acidez do solo", "soil acidity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Medicago sativa L.", "produ\u00e7\u00e3o de mat\u00e9ria seca", "nodula\u00e7\u00e3o", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nodulation", "shoot dry matter", "absor\u00e7\u00e3o de nutrientes"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Moreira, Ad\u00f4nis, Fageria, Nand Kumar,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832010000400022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832010000400022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832010000400022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832010000400022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2006.0395", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-26", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From A Northern Great Plains Soil As Influenced By Nitrogen Management And Cropping Systems", "description": "Abstract<p>Field measurements of N2O emissions from soils are limited for cropping systems in the semiarid northern Great Plains (NGP). The objectives were to develop N2O emission\uffe2\uff80\uff90time profiles for cropping systems in the semiarid NGP, define important periods of loss, determine the impact of best management practices on N2O losses, and estimate direct N fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced emissions (FIE). No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallow, wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat, and wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90pea (Pisum sativum), and conventional till (CT) wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallow, all with three N regimes (200 and 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 available N, unfertilized control); plus a perennial grass\uffe2\uff80\uff90alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) system were sampled over 2 yr using vented chambers. Cumulative 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr N2O emissions were modest in contrast to reports from more humid regions. Greatest N2O flux activity occurred following urea\uffe2\uff80\uff90N fertilization (10\uffe2\uff80\uff90wk) and during freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff93thaw cycles. Together these periods comprised up to 84% of the 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr total. Nitrification was probably the dominant process responsible for N2O emissions during the post\uffe2\uff80\uff90N fertilization period, while denitrification was more important during freeze\uffe2\uff80\uff93thaw cycles. Cumulative 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N losses from fertilized regimes were greater for wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat (1.31 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallow (CT and NT) (0.48 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90pea (0.71 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) due to an additional N fertilization event. Cumulative losses from unfertilized cropping systems were not different from perennial grass\uffe2\uff80\uff90alfalfa (0.28 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Tillage did not affect N2O losses for the wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallow systems. Mean FIE level was equivalent to 0.26% of applied N, and considerably below the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change mean default value (1.25%).</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Montana", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Monitoring", "Medicago sativa", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "P. R. Miller, R. L. Lemke, R. E. Engel, M. P. Dusenbury, R. Wallander,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0395"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2006.0395", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2006.0395", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2006.0395"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2527/1996.7451144x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:18:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-09", "description": "The effects of alfalfa saponins on ruminal pH and VFA concentrations, protozoal numbers, forestomach motility, and digesta flow from the rumen were examined in this experiment. In a preliminary study, either 800 or 1600 mg/kg of saponins per kg BW were administered intraruminally in a single dose to one of two 60-kg wethers. Ruminal contractions were suppressed within 15 min. The study was terminated when one wether didn't recover. Saponins were then administered intraruminally in two equal doses daily into four ruminally and duodenally cannulated wethers (60 +/- 1 kg) in amounts equivalent to 0, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW daily in a 4 x 4 Latin Square arrangement. Saponins increased VFA concentrations (P = .001) and lowered ruminal pH (P = .001) after 2 d of administration. On d 2 and d 14, saponins decreased (P < .01) protozoal populations. On d 11, pressure changes during ruminal contractions increased by 79% during resting (P = .06), 202% during feeding (P = .05), and 53% during an 8-h period (P = .08) as the level of saponins increased from 0 to 800 mg/kg BW. Administered saponins increased duodenal flows of OM and total N by 19 and 26%, respectively (P = .04 and .01). Apparent total tract N digestibility was reduced (P = .02) by 5% at the highest saponin dosage. We conclude that alfalfa may contain enough saponins to adversely impact ruminoreticular motility. Saponins also caused decreased ruminal protozoal populations, increased flow of total duodenal N, and reduced ruminal and total tract apparent digestibilities.", "keywords": ["Male", "2. Zero hunger", "Rumen", "Sheep", "Dose-Response Relationship", " Drug", "0402 animal and dairy science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Saponins", "Fatty Acids", " Volatile", "Oxygen Consumption", "Intestine", " Small", "Animals", "Digestion", "Gastrointestinal Motility", "Methane", "Medicago sativa"], "contacts": [{"organization": "P T Klita, T W Fenton, G. W. Mathison, R. T. Hardin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2527/1996.7451144x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Animal%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2527/1996.7451144x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2527/1996.7451144x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2527/1996.7451144x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1996-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.9w0vt4bk0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:19:28Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "The influence of inherent soil factors and agricultural management on soil organic matter", "description": "unspecifiedField descriptions and  sampling.\u00a0  Soil samples were collected  from 218 farm fields across Wisconsin (n=212) and Minnesota (n=6) (Fig. 1)  between 2015 and 2017. The fields represent a range of cropping systems  common in the Upper Midwest. Six distinct regions were sampled and  identified by either general region of a state (northeast Wisconsin,  southeast Wisconsin, and southern Minnesota) or by watershed (Dry Run, Elk  Creek, Jersey Valley) (Fig. 1). Elk Creek and Jersey Valley exist within  the Driftless Region, an area characterized by steep slopes and flash  flood events. All fields were planted into corn the season soil samples  were collected. In each field, three composite soil samples were collected  that consisted of five 0- to 15-cm soil cores collected with a probe of  2.5- or 7.5-cm internal diameter. Most soil samples (194) were collected  prior to fertilizer application and corn planting (mid-April); 24 samples  were in late June (2017 only). Soil sampling was conducted with an area of  36 m<sup>2</sup> within the dominant soil map unit as  identified by the USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (Soil Survey Staff, 2019) and  from an area identified by the farmer where average crop yields were  obtained. The composite samples were stored cold and transferred into a  freezer with 1 to 6 hours of sampling to stagnate microbial metabolism and  organic matter mineralization. Within 30 days, soil samples were thawed  and dried for 1 week at 32\u02daC in a forced-air drier, ground to pass through  a 2-mm sieve, and stored at room temperature until  analysis. Inherent soil properties such as texture class,  sand and clay content of the surface horizon, and drainage class were  obtained from the USDA NRCS Web Soil Survey (Soil Survey Staff, 2019).  Agronomic management information regarding crop rotation, tillage  practices, cover crop use, tile drainage, and manure and fertilizer  applications were obtained directly from each farmer through an in-person  interview. Long-term crop management practices were difficult to obtain  for all farms; for example, it was difficult to get accurate information  on how long a field had received manure. The dataset constructed uses  recent cropping history (past 5 years) as a representation of specific  management practices (that often have occurred much longer than just the  past 5 years). Based on the collected data, four categories for crop  rotation (continuous corn, corn-soybean, corn with small grain, and corn  with alfalfa) and five categories for previous crop were created  (Supplementary Table 2). Two categorical data were developed for cover  crops: if there was a cover crop planted last fall (yes or no) and the  number of times a cover crop was planted in the past 5 years. Tillage  practices were categorized by practice [no tillage, minimum tillage  (including vertical tillage or strip tillage), and conventional tillage  (chisel, disk or moldboard)] and by the number of tillage passes that  occurred between harvest of the previous year\u2019s crop and the planting of  the current year\u2019s crop (0 to 4). Tillage was only considered no-till or  minimum tillage if practiced for more than 4 years. Manure was categorized  based on the number of manure applications that occurred in the past 5  years (0 to 5), when manure was applied in the past year (none, summer,  fall, winter, or spring), and manure type (species and if solid or  liquid). Tile drainage presence was also noted (yes or no). The manure N,  fertilizer N, and total N input (which includes manure, fertilizer, and  legume N inputs) (kg ha<sup>-1</sup>) to the previous corn  crop were also collected. If farmers did not have manure analysis,  estimates of available N were used (Laboski &amp; Peters, 2012); N  input from alfalfa biomass was assumed to be 101 kg  ha<sup>-1</sup> (Laboski &amp; Peters,  2012).\u00a0 Soil analysis.\u00a0 Soil  pH and SOM were analyzed by the University of Wisconsin Soil and Forage  Analysis Laboratory (Marshfield, Wisconsin). Soil pH was calculated using  a 1:1 slurry of 10 g soil and 10 mL of deionized water and measured with a  glass electrode (Peters et al., 2015). Soil organic matter values were  determined through loss on ignition by heating the soil to 360\u02daC for 2  hours (Combs et al., 2015). Total C (TC) and total N (TN) levels were  determined via the dry combustion method using a Flash EA 1112CN Automatic  Elemental Analyzer (Thermo Finnigan, Milan, Italy). Between 8 to 10 mg of  finely ground soil were packed into a 5 mm by 9 mm tin capsule prior to  combustion at temperatures exceeding 1000\u00b0C. Soils with pH greater than  7.0 were tested for effervescence using 5% HCl as an indicator if  carbonates were present. If carbonates were not observed, TC was assumed  to be TOC; if carbonates were observed, they were subject to  acid-fumigation prior to dry combustion (Harris et al., 2001). Only 25  samples were analyzed for carbonates and 13 of those had carbonate  concentrations above the detection limit. There were 218 samples for SOM,  but only 2016 for TOC and TN because two samples were accidently  discarded.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Alfalfa", "FOS: Agricultural sciences", "15. 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Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. 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INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Germany"}, {"id": "Brandenburg"}, {"id": "M\u00e4rkisch Oderland"}, {"id": "Focus Area M\u00fcncheberg"}, {"id": "Site Research Station M\u00fcncheberg"}], "scheme": "individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2025-07-02", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-12-11", "language": "eng", "title": "Effects of cultivation and preservation on the ingredients of alfalfa using an indirect drying process and optimization of the CO2 footprint", "description": "The aim of the HEILU project is to produce a high-performance forage from alfalfa or legume-grass mixtures under practical conditions by redesigning the cultivation methods, harvesting strategy and conservation. A dense crop plays a major role in alfalfa to enable a high cutting intensity with a high crude protein yield. The drying of alfalfa should be as gentle and climate neutral as possible. A guideline is being drawn up for fodder production that describes the process from cultivation to harvesting to drying with the lowest possible carbon footprint and provides recommendations for practice.\nThe field trial at ZALF in Muencheberg is set up with 192 plots. The trial is divided into the following test factors: An irrigation (with and without sprinkling); B growth height at which harvesting takes place (35 cm, 50 cm and 65 cm); C cutting height (5 cm, 15 cm) and D of the variety (Artemis and Fleetwood). This results in six pruning times with different pruning intervals adapted to the growth height reached and the irrigation.\nFor each cutting variant, there are 12 laboratory variants with 3 replicates each, which are tested weekly in the LKV BB for their forage value. The following are investigated: the whole plant from the deep cutting method, the lucerne plant above 15 cm cutting height with exclusively high cutting method, the lucerne plant above 15 cm cutting height with high cutting method and subsequent deep cutting method, the planting range 5 to 15 cm and the leaf-stem separation in the threshing and wind sifting method. All variants are separated by variety. This results in 36 laboratory samples per growth and irrigation variant. Depending on the irrigation and growth rate, the plots are then replicated accordingly. This table contains the Index of the data collection.\n\nRelated datasets are listed in the metadata element 'Related Identifier'.\nDataset version 1.0", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "Medicago sativa", "feed legumes", "legumes", "crude protein", "crop yield", "irrigation", "opendata", "Boden", "Germany", "Brandenburg", "M\u00e4rkisch Oderland", "Focus Area M\u00fcncheberg", "Site Research Station M\u00fcncheberg"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", 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M\u00fcncheberg"}], "scheme": "individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2025-07-04", "created": "2024-12-11", "language": "eng", "title": "Effects of cultivation and preservation on the ingredients of alfalfa using an indirect drying process and optimization of the CO2 footprint - Soil analysis", "description": "Soil analysis from 2023 from different harvesting methods with different cutting heights of alfalfa. 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