{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.062", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-29", "title": "Ecological impacts of atmospheric pollution and interactions with climate change in terrestrial ecosystems of the Mediterranean Basin: Current research and future directions", "description": "Mediterranean Basin ecosystems, their unique biodiversity, and the key services they provide are currently at risk due to air pollution and climate change, yet only a limited number of isolated and geographically-restricted studies have addressed this topic, often with contrasting results. Particularities of air pollution in this region include high O3 levels due to high air temperatures and solar radiation, the stability of air masses, and dominance of dry over wet nitrogen deposition. Moreover, the unique abiotic and biotic factors (e.g., climate, vegetation type, relevance of Saharan dust inputs) modulating the response of Mediterranean ecosystems at various spatiotemporal scales make it difficult to understand, and thus predict, the consequences of human activities that cause air pollution in the Mediterranean Basin. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement coordinated research and experimental platforms along with wider environmental monitoring networks in the region. In particular, a robust deposition monitoring network in conjunction with modelling estimates is crucial, possibly including a set of common biomonitors (ideally cryptogams, an important component of the Mediterranean vegetation), to help refine pollutant deposition maps. Additionally, increased attention must be paid to functional diversity measures in future air pollution and climate change studies to establish the necessary link between biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services in Mediterranean ecosystems. Through a coordinated effort, the Mediterranean scientific community can fill the above-mentioned gaps and reach a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying the combined effects of air pollution and climate change in the Mediterranean Basin.", "keywords": ["air pollution; climate change; coordinated research networks; environmental monitoring; functional diversity; Mediterranean ecosystems; toxicology; pollution", "570", "Coordinated research networks", "550", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "Climate Change", "Air pollution", "Functional diversity", "01 natural sciences", "Air Pollution", "11. Sustainability", "Climate change", "Humans", "14. Life underwater", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Atmosphere", "Research", "Aquatic Ecology", "Environmental monitoring", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "Medio Ambiente", "13. Climate action", "Air pollution; Climate change; Coordinated research networks; Environmental monitoring; Functional diversity; Mediterranean ecosystems; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Atmosphere; Biodiversity; Climate; Humans; Nitrogen; Research; Climate Change; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring", "Mediterranean ecosystems", "Air pollution; Climate change; Coordinated research networks; Environmental monitoring; Functional diversity; Mediterranean ecosystems; Toxicology; Pollution; Health", " Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "Air pollution; Climate change; Coordinated research networks; Environmental monitoring; Functional diversity; Mediterranean ecosystems; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Atmosphere; Biodiversity; Climate; Humans; Nitrogen; Research; Climate Change; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Toxicology; Pollution; Health", " Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/86451/1/CAPERMed06042017_F.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.062"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.062", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.062", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.04.062"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:15:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-08", "title": "The Impact Of Changes In The Timing Of Precipitation On The Herbaceous Understorey Of Mediterranean Evergreen Oak Woodlands", "description": "Abstract   Climate change scenarios for the Iberian Peninsula predict increasing temperatures and increasingly variable precipitation regimes, which will challenge the sustainability and biodiversity of Mediterranean ecosystems such as the semi-natural evergreen oak woodlands.  To assess the effects of precipitation variability on productivity, species composition and vegetation gas exchange of the understorey vegetation in a typical managed cork oak woodland, a large-scale rainfall manipulation experiment was established. We studied the impacts of a change in the timing of precipitation events on this ecosystem, without altering total annual precipitation inputs. The two water manipulation treatments were: \u2018weekly watering treatment\u2019, where natural conditions were simulated with a normal dry period of 7 days, and \u20183-weekly watering treatment\u2019, with the normal dry period increased three-fold to 21 days.  Our experimental precipitation patterns resulted in significant differences in temporal soil moisture dynamics between the two treatments. Average soil water content (SWC) at 3\u00a0cm depth during the growing season was 16.1\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.17% and 15.8\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.18% in the weekly and 3-weekly watering treatments, respectively, with a mere 5% increase in the variability of SWC when extending the dry period from one to three weeks. Water infiltration into deeper soil layers (>50\u00a0cm) was significantly higher in the 3-weekly watering treatment as compared to the weekly watering treatment. This might be beneficial to Quercus suber, the tree component in this ecosystem, as its extensive tree root system enables water acquisition from deeper soil layers.  However, manipulation of the within-season precipitation variability, with a shift to fewer, but larger rain events, without change in total precipitation amount, had no significant effect on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP), belowground net primary productivity (BNPP) and species composition, with average values of peak biomass of 385\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 and 222\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122 for ANPP and BNPP, respectively.  The experimental precipitation patterns did not result in significant differences in the vegetation gas exchange between the two watering treatments. The CO2 and H2O exchange parameters correlated well with air temperature. In addition, evapotranspiration showed a good correlation with SWC.  Incorporating the data of SWC in the conceptual \u2018bucket model\u2019 showed that, independently of the watering regime, soil water availability during the life-cycle of these annual plants did not reach severe water stress conditions, which can explain the lack of a significant treatment effect in our study. In addition, our results showed that the annual plant community in these Mediterranean ecosystems is well adapted to short-term drought, through their phenological patterns and physiological adaptations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Mediterranean Ecosystem", "species composition", "precipitation variability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "primary productivity", "climate change", "herbaceous understorey", "vegetation gas exchange", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2012.11.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/oik.08809", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-20", "title": "Climate change and biocrust disturbance synergistically decreased taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity in annual communities on gypsiferous soils", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Rainfall and biocrusts are important sources of temporal and spatial environmental heterogeneity and niche differentiation for annual plants, a major component of diversity in drylands. Therefore, global change processes comprising shifts in rainfall timing and drought exacerbation, together with biocrust disturbance may affect species coexistence and result in disrupted diversity patterns. In this study, we experimentally evaluated the effects of the rainfall amount and timing as well as physical biocrust disturbance and their interaction on the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of annual plant communities on gypsum soil drylands. All diversity estimates were determined at different times during community development in each experimental unit (\u03b1), as the contribution of each experimental unit to the total diversity in each treatment (\u03b2) and as the total diversity in each treatment (\u03b3). Rainfall timings led to changes in all diversity dimensions, with higher diversity under the typical timing. The community was quite resilient to moderate reductions in rainfall, but extreme droughts decreased the alpha and beta taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversities. In addition, the simultaneous occurrence of biocrust disturbance and extreme drought led to consistent collapses in all diversity dimensions, probably because the effects of water shortage were exacerbated. Observations of the community at different times during its development highlighted the importance of regenerative strategies for niche differentiation and species coexistence, and their strong dependence on global change drivers. Indeed, our experimental study demonstrated that rainfall patterns and biocrusts are key factors related to the maintenance of diversity in semiarid annual plant communities. In particular, our results highlight the key role of biocrusts in modulating the effects of drought on plant diversity and the need for integrative approaches that consider both plants and biocrusts in order to elucidate the influence of climate change on the diversity of drylands.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "annual plants", "regeneration niche", "biocrusts", "drought", "15. Life on land", "diversity loss", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "gypsum soil", "rainfall timing", "13. Climate action", "Mediterranean ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/oik.08809"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/oik.08809"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oikos", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/oik.08809", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/oik.08809", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/oik.08809"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/jof7050333", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:19:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-27", "title": "Resilience of Epiphytic Lichens to Combined Effects of Increasing Nitrogen and Solar Radiation", "description": "<p>Lichens are classified into different functional groups depending on their ecological and physiological response to a given environmental stressor. However, knowledge on lichen response to the synergistic effect of multiple environmental factors is extremely scarce, although vital to get a comprehensive understanding of the effects of global change. We exposed six lichen species belonging to different functional groups to the combined effects of two nitrogen (N) doses and direct sunlight involving both high temperatures and ultraviolet (UV) radiation for 58 days. Irrespective of their functional group, all species showed a homogenous response to N with cumulative, detrimental effects and an inability to recover following sunlight, UV exposure. Moreover, solar radiation made a tolerant species more prone to N pollution\uffe2\uff80\uff99s effects. Our results draw attention to the combined effects of global change and other environmental drivers on canopy defoliation and tree death, with consequences for the protection of ecosystems.</p>", "keywords": ["mediterranean ecosystems", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "chlorophyll fluorescence", "QH301-705.5", "nitrogen pollution", "Fv/Fm ratio", "Biology (General)", "15. Life on land", "forest decay", "01 natural sciences", "global change", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/5/333/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/5/333/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/jof7050333"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Fungi", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/jof7050333", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/jof7050333", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/jof7050333"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10451/52117", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:22:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-23", "title": "Non-Toxic Increases in Nitrogen Availability Can Improve the Ability of the Soil Lichen Cladonia rangiferina to Cope with Environmental Changes", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Climate change and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition on drylands are greatly threatening these especially vulnerable areas. Soil biocrust-forming lichens in drylands can provide early indicators of these disturbances and play a pivotal role, as they contribute to key ecosystem services. In this study, we explored the effects of different long-term water availability regimes simulating climate changes and their interaction with N addition on the physiological response of the soil lichen Cladonia rangiferina. Three sets of this lichen were subjected to control, reduced watering, and reduced watering and N addition (40 kg NH4NO3 ha\u22121 year\u22121) treatments for 16 months. Finally, all samples were subjected to daily hydration cycles with N-enriched water at two levels (40 and 80 kg NH4NO3 ha\u22121 year\u22121) for 23 days. We found that reduced watering significantly decreased the vitality of this lichen, whereas N addition unexpectedly helped lichens subjected to reduced watering to cope with stress produced by high temperatures. We also found that long-term exposure to N addition contributed to the acclimation to higher N availability. Overall, our data suggest that the interactions between reduced watering and increased N supply and temperature have an important potential to reduce the physiological performance of this soil lichen.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "QH301-705.5", "Synergetic effects", "soil lichens; soil biocrust; global change; climate change; biomonitoring; synergetic effects; reduced watering; aridity; drylands; Mediterranean ecosystems", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "03 medical and health sciences", "Climate change", "Reduced watering", "Biology (General)", "Global change", "global change", "Aridity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "0303 health sciences", "Drylands", "15. Life on land", "synergetic effects", "soil lichens", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "biomonitoring", "Biomonitoring", "Mediterranean ecosystems", "Soil lichens", "soil biocrust", "Soil biocrust"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/4/333/pdf"}, {"href": "https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstream/10451/52117/1/jof-08-00333-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/4/333/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10451/52117"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Fungi", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10451/52117", "name": "item", "description": "10451/52117", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10451/52117"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10707514", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:20:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-20", "title": "Climate change and biocrust disturbance synergistically decreased taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity in annual communities on gypsiferous soils", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Rainfall and biocrusts are important sources of temporal and spatial environmental heterogeneity and niche differentiation for annual plants, a major component of diversity in drylands. Therefore, global change processes comprising shifts in rainfall timing and drought exacerbation, together with biocrust disturbance may affect species coexistence and result in disrupted diversity patterns. In this study, we experimentally evaluated the effects of the rainfall amount and timing as well as physical biocrust disturbance and their interaction on the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of annual plant communities on gypsum soil drylands. All diversity estimates were determined at different times during community development in each experimental unit (\u03b1), as the contribution of each experimental unit to the total diversity in each treatment (\u03b2) and as the total diversity in each treatment (\u03b3). Rainfall timings led to changes in all diversity dimensions, with higher diversity under the typical timing. The community was quite resilient to moderate reductions in rainfall, but extreme droughts decreased the alpha and beta taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversities. In addition, the simultaneous occurrence of biocrust disturbance and extreme drought led to consistent collapses in all diversity dimensions, probably because the effects of water shortage were exacerbated. Observations of the community at different times during its development highlighted the importance of regenerative strategies for niche differentiation and species coexistence, and their strong dependence on global change drivers. Indeed, our experimental study demonstrated that rainfall patterns and biocrusts are key factors related to the maintenance of diversity in semiarid annual plant communities. In particular, our results highlight the key role of biocrusts in modulating the effects of drought on plant diversity and the need for integrative approaches that consider both plants and biocrusts in order to elucidate the influence of climate change on the diversity of drylands.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "annual plants", "regeneration niche", "biocrusts", "drought", "15. Life on land", "diversity loss", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "gypsum soil", "rainfall timing", "13. Climate action", "Mediterranean ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/oik.08809"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10707514"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oikos", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10707514", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10707514", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10707514"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11568/945393", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:22:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-29", "title": "Ecological impacts of atmospheric pollution and interactions with climate change in terrestrial ecosystems of the Mediterranean Basin: Current research and future directions", "description": "Mediterranean Basin ecosystems, their unique biodiversity, and the key services they provide are currently at risk due to air pollution and climate change, yet only a limited number of isolated and geographically-restricted studies have addressed this topic, often with contrasting results. Particularities of air pollution in this region include high O3 levels due to high air temperatures and solar radiation, the stability of air masses, and dominance of dry over wet nitrogen deposition. Moreover, the unique abiotic and biotic factors (e.g., climate, vegetation type, relevance of Saharan dust inputs) modulating the response of Mediterranean ecosystems at various spatiotemporal scales make it difficult to understand, and thus predict, the consequences of human activities that cause air pollution in the Mediterranean Basin. Therefore, there is an urgent need to implement coordinated research and experimental platforms along with wider environmental monitoring networks in the region. In particular, a robust deposition monitoring network in conjunction with modelling estimates is crucial, possibly including a set of common biomonitors (ideally cryptogams, an important component of the Mediterranean vegetation), to help refine pollutant deposition maps. Additionally, increased attention must be paid to functional diversity measures in future air pollution and climate change studies to establish the necessary link between biodiversity and the provision of ecosystem services in Mediterranean ecosystems. Through a coordinated effort, the Mediterranean scientific community can fill the above-mentioned gaps and reach a greater understanding of the mechanisms underlying the combined effects of air pollution and climate change in the Mediterranean Basin.", "keywords": ["air pollution; climate change; coordinated research networks; environmental monitoring; functional diversity; Mediterranean ecosystems; toxicology; pollution", "570", "Coordinated research networks", "550", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "Climate Change", "Air pollution", "Functional diversity", "01 natural sciences", "Air Pollution", "11. Sustainability", "Climate change", "Humans", "14. Life underwater", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Atmosphere", "Research", "Aquatic Ecology", "Environmental monitoring", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "Medio Ambiente", "13. Climate action", "Air pollution; Climate change; Coordinated research networks; Environmental monitoring; Functional diversity; Mediterranean ecosystems; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Atmosphere; Biodiversity; Climate; Humans; Nitrogen; Research; Climate Change; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring", "Mediterranean ecosystems", "Air pollution; Climate change; Coordinated research networks; Environmental monitoring; Functional diversity; Mediterranean ecosystems; Toxicology; Pollution; Health", " Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "Air pollution; Climate change; Coordinated research networks; Environmental monitoring; Functional diversity; Mediterranean ecosystems; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Atmosphere; Biodiversity; Climate; Humans; Nitrogen; Research; Climate Change; Ecosystem; Environmental Monitoring; Toxicology; Pollution; Health", " Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/id/eprint/86451/1/CAPERMed06042017_F.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11568/945393"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11568/945393", "name": "item", "description": "11568/945393", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11568/945393"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10115/18610", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:22:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-20", "title": "Climate change and biocrust disturbance synergistically decreased taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversity in annual communities on gypsiferous soils", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Rainfall and biocrusts are important sources of temporal and spatial environmental heterogeneity and niche differentiation for annual plants, a major component of diversity in drylands. Therefore, global change processes comprising shifts in rainfall timing and drought exacerbation, together with biocrust disturbance may affect species coexistence and result in disrupted diversity patterns. In this study, we experimentally evaluated the effects of the rainfall amount and timing as well as physical biocrust disturbance and their interaction on the taxonomic, phylogenetic and functional diversity of annual plant communities on gypsum soil drylands. All diversity estimates were determined at different times during community development in each experimental unit (\u03b1), as the contribution of each experimental unit to the total diversity in each treatment (\u03b2) and as the total diversity in each treatment (\u03b3). Rainfall timings led to changes in all diversity dimensions, with higher diversity under the typical timing. The community was quite resilient to moderate reductions in rainfall, but extreme droughts decreased the alpha and beta taxonomic, functional and phylogenetic diversities. In addition, the simultaneous occurrence of biocrust disturbance and extreme drought led to consistent collapses in all diversity dimensions, probably because the effects of water shortage were exacerbated. Observations of the community at different times during its development highlighted the importance of regenerative strategies for niche differentiation and species coexistence, and their strong dependence on global change drivers. Indeed, our experimental study demonstrated that rainfall patterns and biocrusts are key factors related to the maintenance of diversity in semiarid annual plant communities. In particular, our results highlight the key role of biocrusts in modulating the effects of drought on plant diversity and the need for integrative approaches that consider both plants and biocrusts in order to elucidate the influence of climate change on the diversity of drylands.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "annual plants", "regeneration niche", "biocrusts", "drought", "15. Life on land", "diversity loss", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "gypsum soil", "rainfall timing", "13. Climate action", "Mediterranean ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/oik.08809"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10115/18610"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oikos", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10115/18610", "name": "item", "description": "10115/18610", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10115/18610"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10451/49877", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:22:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-27", "title": "Resilience of Epiphytic Lichens to Combined Effects of Increasing Nitrogen and Solar Radiation", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Lichens are classified into different functional groups depending on their ecological and physiological response to a given environmental stressor. However, knowledge on lichen response to the synergistic effect of multiple environmental factors is extremely scarce, although vital to get a comprehensive understanding of the effects of global change. We exposed six lichen species belonging to different functional groups to the combined effects of two nitrogen (N) doses and direct sunlight involving both high temperatures and ultraviolet (UV) radiation for 58 days. Irrespective of their functional group, all species showed a homogenous response to N with cumulative, detrimental effects and an inability to recover following sunlight, UV exposure. Moreover, solar radiation made a tolerant species more prone to N pollution\u2019s effects. Our results draw attention to the combined effects of global change and other environmental drivers on canopy defoliation and tree death, with consequences for the protection of ecosystems.</p></article>", "keywords": ["mediterranean ecosystems", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "chlorophyll fluorescence", "QH301-705.5", "nitrogen pollution", "Fv/Fm ratio", "Biology (General)", "15. Life on land", "forest decay", "01 natural sciences", "global change", "Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/5/333/pdf"}, {"href": "https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstream/10451/49877/1/jof-07-00333.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/5/333/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10451/49877"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Fungi", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10451/49877", "name": "item", "description": "10451/49877", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10451/49877"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Mediterranean+Ecosystem&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Mediterranean+Ecosystem&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Mediterranean+Ecosystem&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Mediterranean+Ecosystem&offset=9", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 9, "numberReturned": 9, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-21T23:47:02.976561Z"}