{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s13165-020-00330-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-07", "title": "Current use of copper, mineral oils and sulphur for plant protection in organic horticultural crops across 10 European countries", "description": "The use of several plant protection inputs of mineral origin, such as copper, sulphur or mineral oils is seen as contentious by many consumers and stakeholders within the organic sector. Although the use of these inputs is legal in organic systems and also applied in non-organic agriculture, their use by organic growers raises questions for organic practice, which aspires to be free from toxic, non-renewable chemicals. Data on the current use of permitted plant protection inputs is currently scarce, especially in horticulture where chemical inputs deserve special attention since horticultural products are often readily edible. A mapping of the use of copper, sulphur and mineral oils was conducted by collecting expert knowledge across 10 European countries during May\u2013October 2018, i.e. before the limitation of copper use to 4\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 from February 1, 2019. Results show that copper is widely used by Mediterranean organic growers in citrus, olive, tomato and potato production. The annual limit of 6\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 was not always respected. We also found that tomato producers apply high amounts of copper in winter crops in greenhouses. Mineral oils are applied to control scales, mites and whiteflies. Sulphur is also commonly used by organic vegetable growers, especially in greenhouses. We conclude that the high usage found in various different crops (especially Mediterranean crops) confirms the need for researching alternatives.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "plant protection", "571", "Crop health", " quality", " protection", "Mediterranean crops", "Greenhouse crops", "tomato", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "[SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy", "Organic-PLUSX", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Contentious inputs", "Vegetables", "FiBL60073", "Mediterranean crops", " Greenhouse crops", " Tomato", " Contentious inputs", " plant protection", "Abacus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.unict.it/bitstream/20.500.11769/494877/1/Katsoulas2020_Article_CurrentUseOfCopperMineralOilsA%20%282%29.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13165-020-00330-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-020-00330-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Organic%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13165-020-00330-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13165-020-00330-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13165-020-00330-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.iswcr.2022.12.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:16:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-29", "title": "Spatial variability of soil organic carbon stock in an olive orchard at catchment scale in Southern Spain", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Vertic soils", "Mediterranean crops", "Catchments", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "TA1-2040", "15. Life on land", "Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General)", "Catchment", "Spatial variability"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2022.12.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Soil%20and%20Water%20Conservation%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.iswcr.2022.12.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.iswcr.2022.12.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.iswcr.2022.12.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/309237", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-25T16:24:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-29", "title": "Spatial variability of soil organic carbon stock in an olive orchard at catchment scale in Southern Spain", "description": "Orchards have a high potential for carbon sequestration. However, little research is available on the spatial variability at catchment scale and on the difference between the tree area and the lanes. We analyzed theik spatial variability of soil organic carbon stock, SOCstock at 90\u00a0cm depth in an 8-ha catchment in Southern Spain with olives on a vertic soil. Results showed higher soil organic carbon concentration, SOC, in the tree area as compared to the lane up to 60\u00a0cm depth, but its impact on SOCstock was negligible since it was compensated by the higher soil bulk density in the lane. SOC at different depths was correlated with that in the top 0\u20135\u00a0cm. The overall SOCstock of the orchard was 4.14\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22122, ranging between 1.8 and 6.0\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22122. This SOCstock is in the mid-lower range of values reported for olive orchards, measured at smaller scale, and similar to those other intensive field crops and agroforestry under comparable rainfall conditions. The spatial variability in SOCstock was correlated to several geomorphological variables: elevation, cumulative upstream area, topographic wetness index, sediment transport index, and tillage erosion. Differences in SOC and SOCstock are driven by the sediment redistribution downslope, mainly by tillage erosion, and higher soil water availability in lower areas allowing higher biomass production. These topographic indexes and the correlation between SOC in the topsoil and SOCstock up to 90\u00a0cm should be further explored in other typology of olive orchards for facilitating the mapping of SOCstock.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Vertic soils", "Mediterranean crops", "Catchments", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "TA1-2040", "15. Life on land", "Engineering (General). 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