Growing environmental concern sparks renewed interest in the sustainable production of (bio)materials that can replace oil\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived goods. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are isotactic polymers that play a critical role in the central metabolism of producer bacteria, as they act as dynamic reservoirs of carbon and reducing equivalents. PHAs continue to attract industrial attention as a starting point toward renewable, biodegradable, biocompatible, and versatile thermoplastic and elastomeric materials. Pseudomonas species have been known for long as efficient biopolymer producers, especially for medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90chain\uffe2\uff80\uff90length PHAs. The surge of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering approaches in recent years offers the possibility of exploiting the untapped potential of Pseudomonas cell factories for the production of tailored PHAs. In this article, an overview of the metabolic and regulatory circuits that rule PHA accumulation in Pseudomonas putida is provided, and approaches leading to the biosynthesis of novel polymers (e.g., PHAs including nonbiological chemical elements in their structures) are discussed. The potential of novel PHAs to disrupt existing and future market segments is closer to realization than ever before. The review is concluded by pinpointing challenges that currently hinder the wide adoption of bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90based PHAs, and strategies toward programmable polymer biosynthesis from alternative substrates in engineered P. putida strains are proposed.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Biopolymer", "PHA", "Pseudomonas putida", "Polyhydroxyalkanoates", "Carbon", "12. Responsible consumption", "03 medical and health sciences", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/affordable_and_clean_energy; name=SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "Metabolic Engineering", "Pseudomonas", "Pathway engineering", "Metabolic engineering", "Synthetic biology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/biot.202000165"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.202000165"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biotechnology%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/biot.202000165", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/biot.202000165", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/biot.202000165"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00253-020-10811-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-13", "title": "Industrial biotechnology of Pseudomonas putida: advances and prospects", "description": "AbstractPseudomonas putidais a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that can be encountered in diverse ecological habitats. This ubiquity is traced to its remarkably versatile metabolism, adapted to withstand physicochemical stress, and the capacity to thrive in harsh environments. Owing to these characteristics, there is a growing interest in this microbe for industrial use, and the corresponding research has made rapid progress in recent years. Hereby, strong drivers are the exploitation of cheap renewable feedstocks and waste streams to produce value-added chemicals and the steady progress in genetic strain engineering and systems biology understanding of this bacterium. Here, we summarize the recent advances and prospects in genetic engineering, systems and synthetic biology, and applications ofP. putidaas a cell factory.
Key points\uffe2\uff80\uffa2 Pseudomonas putida advances to a global industrial cell factory.
\uffe2\uff80\uffa2 Novel tools enable system-wide understanding and streamlined genomic engineering.
\uffe2\uff80\uffa2 Applications of P. putida range from bioeconomy chemicals to biosynthetic drugs.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "ddc:500", "0303 health sciences", "Pseudomonas putida", "EDEMP cycle", "PHA", "Systems Biology", "500", "Genomics", "Mini-Review", "Bioeconomy", "Bacterial chassis", "Lignin", "03 medical and health sciences", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/affordable_and_clean_energy; name=SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "Microbial cell factory", "13. Climate action", "Biocatalysis", "Synthetic Biology", "KT2440", "Metabolic engineering", "Biotransformation", "Synthetic biology", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00253-020-10811-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-020-10811-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Microbiology%20and%20Biotechnology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00253-020-10811-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00253-020-10811-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00253-020-10811-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00126", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:16:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-19", "title": "Synthetic control of plasmid replication enables target- and self-curing of vectors and expedites genome engineering of Pseudomonas putida", "description": "Genome engineering of non-conventional microorganisms calls for the development of dedicated synthetic biology tools. Pseudomonas putida is a Gram-negative, non-pathogenic soil bacterium widely used for metabolic engineering owing to its versatile metabolism and high levels of tolerance to different types of stress. Genome editing of P. putida largely relies on homologous recombination events, assisted by helper plasmid-based expression of genes encoding DNA modifying enzymes. Plasmid curing from selected isolates is the most tedious and time-consuming step of this procedure, and implementing commonly used methods to this end in P. putida (e.g. temperature-sensitive replicons) is often impractical. To tackle this issue, we have developed a toolbox for both target- and self-curing of plasmid DNA in Pseudomonas species. Our method enables plasmid-curing in a simple cultivation step by combining in vivo digestion of vectors by the I-SceI homing nuclease with synthetic control of plasmid replication, triggered by the addition of a cheap chemical inducer (3-methylbenzoate) to the medium. The system displays an efficiency of vector curing >90% and the screening of plasmid-free clones is greatly facilitated by the use of fluorescent markers that can be selected according to the application intended. Furthermore, quick genome engineering of P. putida using self-curing plasmids is demonstrated through genome reduction of the platform strain EM42 by eliminating all genes encoding \u03b2-lactamases, the catabolic ben gene cluster, and the pyoverdine synthesis machinery. Physiological characterization of the resulting streamlined strain, P. putida SEM10, revealed advantageous features that could be exploited for metabolic engineering.", "keywords": ["Genome engineering", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Pseudomonas putida", "QH301-705.5", "Plasmid curing", "3. Good health", "03 medical and health sciences", "Special issue on Non-conventional microbes edited by Ian Wheeldon and Aindrila Mukhopadhyay", "Biology (General)", "Metabolic engineering", "Synthetic biology", "TP248.13-248.65", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00126"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Metabolic%20Engineering%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00126", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00126", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.mec.2020.e00126"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.tim.2020.02.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:17:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-31", "title": "Pseudomonas putida", "description": "Pseudomonas putida is a ubiquitous rhizosphere saprophytic bacterium and soil colonizer that belongs to the wide group of fluorescent Pseudomonas species. P. putida strain KT2440, the best-characterized member of the group, became a model laboratory species that attracted considerable attention as a cell host for synthetic biology and metabolic engineering due to its remarkable and versatile metabolism, which has evolved to withstand harsh environmental conditions and physicochemical stress. This species has also retained the ability to survive and thrive in natural soil environments. P. putida mt-2 and other isolates have been recognized and used as agents for bioremediation due to their ability to grow on complex substrates, including aromatic compounds (e.g., toluene and xylenes). The absence of pathogenic determinants is another key feature of strain KT2440 that facilitated its adoption for both fundamental and applied research in microbiology.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Metabolic Engineering", "Pseudomonas putida", "Synthetic Biology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2020.02.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Trends%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.tim.2020.02.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.tim.2020.02.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.tim.2020.02.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-021-25665-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-06", "title": "Growth-coupled selection of synthetic modules to accelerate cell factory development.", "description": "Synthetic biology has brought about a conceptual shift in our ability to redesign microbial metabolic networks. Combining metabolic pathway-modularization with growth-coupled selection schemes is a powerful tool that enables deep rewiring of the cell factories\u2019 biochemistry for rational bioproduction.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Science", "Q", "Comment", "Recombinant Proteins", "Biological Factors", "03 medical and health sciences", "Metabolic Engineering", "Saccharomycetales", "Escherichia coli", "Life Science", "Humans", "Synthetic Biology", "Metabolic Networks and Pathways"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-25665-6.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-25665-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41467-021-25665-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41467-021-25665-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41467-021-25665-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1751-7915.13372", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-29T16:18:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-01", "title": "Breaking the state-of-the-art in the chemical industry with new-to-Nature products via synthetic microbiology", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Editorial: Synthetic Microbiology as a Source of New Enterprises and Job Creation", "Metabolic Engineering", "Synthetic Biology", "Organic Chemicals", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/1751-7915.13372/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13372"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Biotechnology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1751-7915.13372", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1751-7915.13372", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1751-7915.13372"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Metabolic+Engineering&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Metabolic+Engineering&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Metabolic+Engineering&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Metabolic+Engineering&offset=6", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 6, "numberReturned": 6, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-30T09:02:04.734883Z"}