Emissions of the trace gas nitrous oxide (N2O) play an important role for the greenhouse effect and stratospheric ozone depletion, but the impacts of climate change on N2O fluxes and the underlying microbial drivers remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of sustained climate change on field N2O fluxes and associated microbial enzymatic activities, microbial population abundance and community diversity in an extensively managed, upland grassland. We recorded N2O fluxes, nitrification and denitrification, microbial population size involved in these processes and community structure of nitrite reducers (nirK) in a grassland exposed for 4\uffc2\uffa0years to elevated atmospheric CO2 (+200\uffc2\uffa0ppm), elevated temperature (+3.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C) and reduction of summer precipitations (\uffe2\uff88\uff9220%) as part of a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term, multifactor climate change experiment. Our results showed that both warming and simultaneous application of warming, summer drought and elevated CO2 had a positive effect on N2O fluxes, nitrification, N2O release by denitrification and the population size of N2O reducers and NH4 oxidizers. In situ N2O fluxes showed a stronger correlation with microbial population size under warmed conditions compared with the control site. Specific lineages of nirK denitrifier communities responded significantly to temperature. In addition, nirK community composition showed significant changes in response to drought. Path analysis explained more than 85% of in situ N2O fluxes variance by soil temperature, denitrification activity and specific denitrifying lineages. Overall, our study underlines that climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in grassland N2O emissions reflect climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in microbial community structure, which in turn modify microbial processes.
", "keywords": ["d\u00e9nitrification", "Biodiversit\u00e9 et Ecologie", "551", "AOB", "diversity", "Biodiversity and Ecology", "nosZ", "[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Ecosystems", "nirK", "Milieux et Changements globaux", "2. Zero hunger", "changement climatique", "denitrification", "grasslands", "N2O", "prairie", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "AOB;changement climatique;d\u00e9nitrification;diversit\u00e9;prairie;N2O;nitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "environment/Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.science/halsde-00722571/file/Cantarel_gcb12_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02692.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02692.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02692.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02692.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep08280", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-06", "title": "Convergence Of Soil Nitrogen Isotopes Across Global Climate Gradients", "description": "AbstractQuantifying global patterns of terrestrial nitrogen (N) cycling is central to predicting future patterns of primary productivity, carbon sequestration, nutrient fluxes to aquatic systems and climate forcing. With limited direct measures of soil N cycling at the global scale, syntheses of the 15N:14N ratio of soil organic matter across climate gradients provide key insights into understanding global patterns of N cycling. In synthesizing data from over 6000 soil samples, we show strong global relationships among soil N isotopes, mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP) and the concentrations of organic carbon and clay in soil. In both hot ecosystems and dry ecosystems, soil organic matter was more enriched in 15N than in corresponding cold ecosystems or wet ecosystems. Below a MAT of 9.8\uffc2\uffb0C, soil \uffce\uffb415N was invariant with MAT. At the global scale, soil organic C concentrations also declined with increasing MAT and decreasing MAP. After standardizing for variation among mineral soils in soil C and clay concentrations, soil \uffce\uffb415N showed no consistent trends across global climate and latitudinal gradients. Our analyses could place new constraints on interpretations of patterns of ecosystem N cycling and global budgets of gaseous N loss.
", "keywords": ["N-15 Natural-Abundance", "550", "Ecosystem ecology", "TROPICAL FORESTS", "Organic chemistry", "Suelo", "Nitrogen cycle", "01 natural sciences", "Nutrient cycle", "cycle de l'azote", "CARBON", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "Isotopes", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "Soil water", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "N-15 NATURAL-ABUNDANCE", "Climate change", "croisement de donn\u00e9es", "Milieux et Changements globaux", "SDG 15 \u2013 Leben an Land", "Global change", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Climatic Factors", "Tropical Forests", "Ecology", "Geography", "Nitr\u00f3geno", "Nutrient Cycling", "FRACTIONATION", "Litter Decomposition", "ECOSYSTEM ECOLOGY", "Life Sciences", "ecosystem ecology", "Cycling", "Forestry", "Is\u00f3topos", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Soil carbon", "6. Clean water", "Organic-Matter", "Earth and Planetary Sciences", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "Chemistry", "PRECIPITATION", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "Physical Sciences", "106022 Microbiology", "carbone du sol", "Stable Isotope Analysis of Groundwater and Precipitation", "Ecosystem Functioning", "570", "STABLE ISOTOPE", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Stable isotope analysis", "Nitrogen", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil Science", "stable isotope analysis;ecosystem ecology", "Article", "Environmental science", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "sol min\u00e9ral", "INORGANIC NITROGEN", "Geochemistry and Petrology", "stable isotope analysis", "Carbono", "Environmental Chemistry", "Factores Clim\u00e1ticos", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "climat", "AVAILABILITY", "Nitrogen Dynamics", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Inorganic", "NITROGEN", "MODEL", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "PATTERNS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://scholars.unh.edu/context/faculty_pubs/article/1042/viewcontent/srep08280.pdf"}, {"href": "https://edoc.unibas.ch/37215/1/srep08280.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08280"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep08280", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep08280", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep08280"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep15991", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-04", "title": "Forest soil carbon is threatened by intensive biomass harvesting", "description": "AbstractForests play a key role in the carbon cycle as they store huge quantities of organic carbon, most of which is stored in soils, with a smaller part being held in vegetation. While the carbon storage capacity of forests is influenced by forestry, the long-term impacts of forest managers\uffe2\uff80\uff99 decisions on soil organic carbon (SOC) remain unclear. Using a meta-analysis approach, we showed that conventional biomass harvests preserved the SOC of forests, unlike intensive harvests where logging residues were harvested to produce fuelwood. Conventional harvests caused a decrease in carbon storage in the forest floor, but when the whole soil profile was taken into account, we found that this loss in the forest floor was compensated by an accumulation of SOC in deeper soil layers. Conversely, we found that intensive harvests led to SOC losses in all layers of forest soils. We assessed the potential impact of intensive harvests on the carbon budget, focusing on managed European forests. Estimated carbon losses from forest soils suggested that intensive biomass harvests could constitute an important source of carbon transfer from forests to the atmosphere (142\uffe2\uff80\uff93497 Tg-C), partly neutralizing the role of a carbon sink played by forest soils.
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