{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-24", "title": "Greenhouse Gas Fluxes In Varying Soils Types Under Conventional And No-Tillage Practices", "description": "Abstract   Consideration of the environmental effects of the no-tillage practice should be made on the basis of its effects on both carbon and nitrogen cycles. There is a lack of data on the effects of the no-till management in the cool and humid climate and typical soil types of Northern Europe. We measured the fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) on conventionally ploughed agricultural soils and on respective soils that had been under no-till practice for 5\u20137 years. Ten chamber measurement investigations were carried out during a 10-month period on six pairs of tilled and no-till fields on clayey (Vertic Cambisols, three pairs), coarse (Eutric Regosols, two pairs), and organic (Dystric Histosols, one pair) soils located between latitudes 60\u00b0 and 62\u00b0 N. The results suggest that there is a risk of increased N2O emissions in the first years of no-till practice under small grain spring cereal cultivation in Northern European boreal climate. Carbon dioxide emissions measured as total ecosystem respiration were either unchanged, increased or decreased under no-till. Fluxes of CH4 were negligible and not affected by no-till practice. Dry bulk density and soil moisture were higher in no-till soils compared to annually mouldboard ploughed soils. Variation in the greenhouse gas fluxes was best explained by the content of carbon and nitrogen in the topsoil of 0\u201320\u00a0cm.", "keywords": ["suorakylv\u00f6", "hiilidioksidi", "2. Zero hunger", "maaper\u00e4", "methane", "carbon dioxide", "610", "dityppioksidi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "metaani", "ploughing", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "kasvihuonekaasut", "kynt\u00f6", "minimum tillage", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ka"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2010.05.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1155/2014/437283", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:20:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-14", "title": "Effect Of Tillage Practices On Soil Properties And Crop Productivity In Wheat-Mungbean-Rice Cropping System Under Subtropical Climatic Conditions", "description": "<p>This study was conducted to know cropping cycles required to improve OM status in soil and to investigate the effects of medium-term tillage practices on soil properties and crop yields in Grey Terrace soil of Bangladesh under wheat-mungbean-T.amancropping system. Four different tillage practices, namely, zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT), conventional tillage (CT), and deep tillage (DT), were studied in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Tillage practices showed positive effects on soil properties and crop yields. After four cropping cycles, the highest OM accumulation, the maximum root mass density (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm soil depth), and the improved physical and chemical properties were recorded in the conservational tillage practices. Bulk and particle densities were decreased due to tillage practices, having the highest reduction of these properties and the highest increase of porosity and field capacity in zero tillage. The highest total N, P, K, and S in their available forms were recorded in zero tillage. All tillage practices showed similar yield after four years of cropping cycles. Therefore, we conclude that zero tillage with 20% residue retention was found to be suitable for soil health and achieving optimum yield under the cropping system in Grey Terrace soil (Aeric Albaquept).</p>", "keywords": ["No-till farming", "Technology", "Climate", "Cropping", "Mulch-till", "Crop", "Plant Roots", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Management of Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity", "Soil water", "Triticum", "2. Zero hunger", "Bangladesh", "Minimum tillage", "Soil Physical Properties", "Ecology", "T", "Q", "Soil Quality", "R", "Life Sciences", "Fabaceae", "Phosphorus", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil Compaction", "Medicine", "Research Article", "Crops", " Agricultural", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Soil Science", "Soil fertility", "Crop Productivity", "Environmental science", "Tillage", "Randomized block design", "FOS: Mathematics", "Crop yield", "Particle Size", "Biology", "Soil science", "Analysis of Variance", "Soil Fertility", "Effects of Soil Compaction on Crop Production", "Conventional tillage", "Oryza", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Bulk density", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Potassium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Sulfur", "Mathematics", "Cropping system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/437283"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Scientific%20World%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1155/2014/437283", "name": "item", "description": "10.1155/2014/437283", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1155/2014/437283"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture12122149", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:21:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-14", "title": "The Assessment of Soil Quality in Contrasting Land-Use and Tillage Systems on Farm Fields with Stagnic Luvisol Soil in Estonia", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Soil quality indicates the soil\u2019s ability to provide ecosystem services. Reducing the tillage intensity has been suggested as an alternative to conventional tillage for sustaining soil quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of soil tillage systems on individual soil quality indicators in comparison to those on grassland with Stagnic Luvisol soil in Estonia. Four soil management systems were compared: no-tillage (NT), minimum tillage (MT), conventional tillage (CT) and grassland (G) as a reference. Soil quality indicators included physical (bulk density, water-stable aggregates, porosity, air-filled pores, moisture content, water-holding capacity, penetration resistance and water permeability), chemical (total N, total soil organic C, permanganate oxidisable C, pH, P, K, Ca and Mg) and biological (earthworm abundance) parameters. CT soils had a significantly lower aggregate stability compared to MT and G soils. The higher penetration resistance of CT under an arable layer suggested the presence of a plough pan. NT improved the soil\u2019s physical quality at 5\u201310 cm, which was indicated by higher moisture content, water-holding capacity and porosity and a lower bulk density, whereas penetration resistance exceeded 2 MPa in the lower part of the topsoil. NT also had significantly lower total soil organic C and total N compared to MT and G. The absence of tillage in the NT and G systems may have improved the soil\u2019s resistance to moisture loss under dry conditions, which, in turn, improved the soil habitability for earthworms a despite higher density. In general, NT or MT stabilised or increased the soil quality compared to CT.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "earthworms; minimum tillage; no-tillage; soil physical properties; water-stable aggregates (WSA)", "Agriculture (General)", "no-tillage", "earthworms", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "minimum tillage", "13. Climate action", "soil physical properties", "water-stable aggregates (WSA)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/12/2149/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12122149"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture12122149", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture12122149", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture12122149"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/land11010055", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:21:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-04", "title": "A Multivariate Approach to Evaluate Reduced Tillage Systems and Cover Crop Sustainability", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The evaluation of the effects of conservation agriculture during the transition from conventional tillage to no-tillage requires numerous indicators to be considered. For this purpose, we monitored changes in a multi-parameter dataset during a three-year experiment that combined three tillage intensities (conventional tillage\u2014CT; minimum tillage\u2014MT; and no tillage\u2014NT) with three soil covering managements (tillage radish cover crop, winter wheat cover crop and bare soil). Using a multivariate analysis, we developed a Relative Sustainability Index (RSI) based on 11 physical (e.g., bulk density and penetration resistance), chemical (e.g., soil organic carbon and pH) and biological soil properties (e.g., earthworm density) to evaluate cropping systems sustainability. The RSI was most affected by tillage intensity showing higher RSI values (i.e., better performances) in reduced tillage systems. Specifically, the RSI under NT was 42% greater than that of CT and 13% greater than that of MT. Soil covering had little impact on the RSI. Among the tested parameters, the RSI was increased most by saturated hydraulic conductivity (+193%) and earthworm density (+339%) across CT and NT treatments. Our results suggest that conservation agriculture and, particularly, reduced tillage systems, have the potential to increase farm environmental and agronomic sustainability.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "principal component analysis", "S", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil quality index", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "conservation agriculture", "no tillage", "minimum tillage", "scoring function", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "conservation agriculture; no tillage; minimum tillage; principal component analysis; soil quality index; scoring function"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/1/55/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3462062/1/land-11-00055-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/1/55/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/land11010055"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/land11010055", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/land11010055", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/land11010055"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/land11071031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:21:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-07", "title": "Soil Compaction in Harvesting Operations of Phalaris arundinacea L.", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Tillage and harvesting operations of perennial forage crops have problems with soil compaction. The effects of this phenomenon are soil deterioration with reduced crop performance and yield. This study aims to assess soil disturbance by measuring the level of compaction caused by the harvesting operations of Phalaris arundinacea L. P. arundinacea is a species that lends itself to biomass production and phytoremediation of contaminated soils; it adapts to difficult soil conditions, outperforming other species in terms of ease of planting, cost, maturity time, yield, and contamination levels. The crop was sown in three plots of the experimental teaching farm of the University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy. Following a detailed analysis of the chemical\u2013physical characteristics of the soil, minimum tillage was chosen in order to concentrate on harvesting operations, which were carried out with a disc mower coupled to a tractor. This was followed by penetration resistance and soil moisture measurements to verify the incidence of the operations and the effect of the type of crop on compaction. On the study site, measurements were taken at points that the wheels of the tractor had gone over and at points that they had not. The soil analysis results indicate different chemical\u2013physical characteristics between the two areas, the texture being frankly sandy to clayey. Penetration resistance measurements indicated differences for the first 20 cm between the part that was covered by the tractor\u2019s tyres and the part that was left touched but also between the three plots. Moisture influenced penetration resistance. This study provides an evaluation of the first data obtained from a project that will last four years and which will explore the dynamics between soil, cultivation, and harvesting operations, giving a fundamental basis for further investigation of further harvesting operations and soil characteristics, which are crucial for planning and managing crops and reducing impacts on the soil in order to preserve it.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "minimum tillage", "S", "penetration resistance; soil protection; minimum tillage; mechanisation; European law", "soil protection", "mechanisation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "penetration resistance", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "European law"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/7/1031/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/7/1031/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/land11071031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/land11071031", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/land11071031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/land11071031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5424/sjar/2009073-456", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-23T16:24:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-19", "description": "<p>Conservation tillage has been promoted as a solution to counteract constraints caused by intensive agriculture. In this work the effects of two conservation tillage systems, reduced tillage (RT) and no-tillage (NT) were compared to the traditional tillage (TT) in a long- (15 years, RT) and short-term experiment (3 years, NT). Both experiments were carried out under semi-arid, rainfed agriculture of Mediterranean SW Spain. Tillage caused a sharp increase in soil CO2 emissions immediately after tillage implementation, with a maximum value of 6.24 g CO2/square m/h under long-term TT treatment. Along the year, losses of carbon through CO2 emission were higher (905 and 801 g C/square m/year for the long- and shortterm TT treatments respectively), than those estimated for conservation systems (764 and 718 g C/square m/year for RT and NT respectively). Conservation tillage systems accumulated more soil organic carbon (SOC) in surface than the corresponding TT treatments (1.24 and 1.17 times greater for RT and NT, respectively, at 0-10 cm depth). Despite SOC accumulation would be moderate other variables related to soil quality, such as dehydrogenase activity, can be consistently increased in soil surface in conservation tillage, as the stratification ratio values indicated. Crop yields in conservation tillage were similar to or even greater than those obtained in TT. The agricultural (soil quality) and environmental (less CO2 emission to the atmosphere) benefits derived from conservation tillage make this system recommendable for semi-arid Mediterranean rainfed agriculture.</p>", "keywords": ["CULTIVOS; CULTIVO EN TIERRAS ARIDAS; LABRANZA MINIMA; CERO-LABRANZA; LABRANZA CONVENCIONAL; CARBONO; FERTILIDAD DEL SUELO; PROTECCION AMBIENTAL; RENDIMIENTO DE CULTIVOS; EXPERIMENTACION; ESPANA", "PROTECCION AMBIENTAL", "Soil quality", "EXPERIMENTACION", "12. Responsible consumption", "CARBON", "CULTIVOS", "RENDIMIENTO DE CULTIVOS", "Rendimiento de cultivo", "CROP YIELD", "ESPANA", "SOIL FERTILITY", "Calidad del suelo", "EXPERIMENTATION", "Conservation tillage", "CROPS", "2. Zero hunger", "FERTILIDAD DEL SUELO", "Crop yields", "SPAIN", "CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE", "0402 animal and dairy science", "AGRICULTURAL CHEMISTRY", "Laboreo de conservaci\u00f3n", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "CULTIVO EN TIERRAS ARIDAS", "6. Clean water", "CO2 fluxes", "Flujo del CO2", "LABRANZA CONVENCIONAL", "CERO-LABRANZA", "CROPS; DRY FARMING; MINIMUM TILLAGE; ZERO TILLAGE; CONVENTIONAL TILLAGE; CARBON; SOIL FERTILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION; CROP YIELD; EXPERIMENTATION; SPAIN", "13. Climate action", "MINIMUM TILLAGE", "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION", "CARBONO", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "LABRANZA MINIMA", "DRY FARMING", "ZERO TILLAGE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2009073-456"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Spanish%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5424/sjar/2009073-456", "name": "item", "description": "10.5424/sjar/2009073-456", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5424/sjar/2009073-456"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11577/3462062", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-23T16:26:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-03", "title": "A Multivariate Approach to Evaluate Reduced Tillage Systems and Cover Crop Sustainability", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The evaluation of the effects of conservation agriculture during the transition from conventional tillage to no-tillage requires numerous indicators to be considered. For this purpose, we monitored changes in a multi-parameter dataset during a three-year experiment that combined three tillage intensities (conventional tillage\u2014CT; minimum tillage\u2014MT; and no tillage\u2014NT) with three soil covering managements (tillage radish cover crop, winter wheat cover crop and bare soil). Using a multivariate analysis, we developed a Relative Sustainability Index (RSI) based on 11 physical (e.g., bulk density and penetration resistance), chemical (e.g., soil organic carbon and pH) and biological soil properties (e.g., earthworm density) to evaluate cropping systems sustainability. The RSI was most affected by tillage intensity showing higher RSI values (i.e., better performances) in reduced tillage systems. Specifically, the RSI under NT was 42% greater than that of CT and 13% greater than that of MT. Soil covering had little impact on the RSI. Among the tested parameters, the RSI was increased most by saturated hydraulic conductivity (+193%) and earthworm density (+339%) across CT and NT treatments. Our results suggest that conservation agriculture and, particularly, reduced tillage systems, have the potential to increase farm environmental and agronomic sustainability.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "principal component analysis", "S", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil quality index", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "conservation agriculture", "no tillage", "minimum tillage", "scoring function", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "conservation agriculture; no tillage; minimum tillage; principal component analysis; soil quality index; scoring function"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/1/55/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3462062/1/land-11-00055-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/11/1/55/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11577/3462062"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11577/3462062", "name": "item", "description": "11577/3462062", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11577/3462062"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Minimum+tillage&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Minimum+tillage&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Minimum+tillage&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Minimum+tillage&offset=7", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 7, "numberReturned": 7, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-06-24T00:42:18.509006Z"}