As a consequence of land\uffe2\uff80\uff90use change and the burning of fossil fuels, atmospheric concentrations of CO2 are increasing and altering the dynamics of the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems. In a number of studies using single tree species, fine root biomass has been shown to be strongly increased by elevated CO2. However, natural forests are often intimate mixtures of a number of co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring species. To investigate the interaction between tree mixture and elevated CO2, Alnus glutinosa, Betula pendula and Fagus sylvatica were planted in areas of single species and a three species polyculture in a free\uffe2\uff80\uff90air CO2 enrichment study (BangorFACE). The trees were exposed to ambient or elevated CO2 (580\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) for 4\uffc2\uffa0years. Fine and coarse root biomass, together with fine root turnover and fine root morphological characteristics were measured. Fine root biomass and morphology responded differentially to the elevated CO2 at different soil depths in the three species when grown in monocultures. In polyculture, a greater response to elevated CO2 was observed in coarse roots to a depth of 20\uffc2\uffa0cm, and fine root area index to a depth of 30\uffc2\uffa0cm. Total fine root biomass was positively affected by elevated CO2 at the end of the experiment, but not by species diversity. Our data suggest that existing biogeochemical cycling models parameterized with data from species grown in monoculture may be underestimating the belowground response to global change.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "fine roots", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "free-air CO2 enrichment", "Trees", "mixture", "Polyculture", "Temperate forest", "monoculture", "Species Specificity", "13. Climate action", "temperate forest", "Mixture", "Monoculture", "polyculture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Free-air CO2 enrichment", "Fine roots", "Biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/13-0616.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-09-11", "title": "Does agricultural crop diversity enhance soil microbial biomass and organic matter dynamics? A meta-analysis", "description": "Our increasing dependence on a small number of agricultural crops, such as corn, is leading to reductions in agricultural biodiversity. Reductions in the number of crops in rotation or the replacement of rotations by monocultures are responsible for this loss of biodiversity. The belowground implications of simplifying agricultural plant communities remain unresolved; however, agroecosystem sustainability will be severely compromised if reductions in biodiversity reduce soil C and N concentrations, alter microbial communities, and degrade soil ecosystem functions as reported in natural communities. We conducted a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis of 122 studies to examine crop rotation effects on total soil C and N concentrations, and the faster cycling microbial biomass C and N pools that play key roles in soil nutrient cycling and physical processes such as aggregate formation. We specifically examined how rotation crop type and management practices influence C and N dynamics in different climates and soil types. We found that adding one or more crops in rotation to a monoculture increased total soil C by 3.6% and total N by 5.3%, but when rotations included a cover crop (i.e., crops that are not harvested but produced to enrich the soil and capture inorganic N), total C increased by 8.5% and total N 12.8%. Rotations substantially increased the soil microbial biomass C (20.7%) and N (26.1%) pools, and these overwhelming effects on microbial biomass were not moderated by crop type or management practices. Crop rotations, especially those that include cover crops, sustain soil quality and productivity by enhancing soil C, N, and microbial biomass, making them a cornerstone for sustainable agroecosystems.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "microbial biomass", "soil nitrogen", "sustainable agroecosystems", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption", "meta-analysis", "Soil", "crop rotation", "monoculture", "13. Climate action", "gricultural biodiversity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "soil carbon", "Soil Microbiology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "McDaniel, Marshall D., Tiemann, Lisa K., Grandy, A. Stuart,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/13-0616.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/13-0616.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/13-0616.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/13-0616.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fenvs.2022.914851", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-19", "title": "Maize diversification and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil nitrous oxide emissions in irrigated mediterranean conditions", "description": "Maize is a major irrigated crop in Mediterranean areas and its typical intensive management may impact soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. In these irrigated continuous maize systems, the legumes incorporation as well as adjusted nitrogen (N) fertilization might be interesting strategies to reduce soil N2O emissions. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of cropping diversification and different N rates on soil N2O emissions in flooded irrigated maize under Mediterranean conditions. To achieve this, two cropping systems (maize monoculture system, MC; and pea -maize rotation, MP) and 3N rates (unfertilized, 0N; medium rate, MN; and high rate, HN) were evaluated in a field experiment established in NE Spain during 2\uffc2\uffa0years (2019; 2020). During the studied period, the N rate had a significant effect on soil N2O emissions, with a non-linear positive response of cumulative soil N2O emissions to N rates. In both systems, quick and high increases of soil N2O fluxes were observed immediately after the N application reaching 55 and 100\uffc2\uffa0mg N2O-N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0day\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in MC and MP, respectively. Both years, the pea phase of the MP rotation showed greater cumulative N2O emissions than the fallow of MC. However, N2O losses in the maize phase were similar (2019) or even higher (2020) in MC than in MP. Moreover, in both seasons, the MN treatments showed lower yield-scaled N2O emissions and N emission factor than the HN treatments, being this last lower than 1% in all cases. The results obtained showed that in irrigated Mediterranean conditions the replacement of a fallow by a legume, together with an adjusted N fertilization are favourable strategies to mitigate soil N2O emissions in high-yielding maize systems.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "irrigated systems", "soil N2O emissions", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "cropping diversification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13", "maize monoculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.914851"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Environmental%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fenvs.2022.914851", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fenvs.2022.914851", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fenvs.2022.914851"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.60692/h5snt-86y57", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:24:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-06", "title": "Effects of common European tree species on soil microbial resource limitation, microbial communities and soil carbon", "description": "Open Access\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 (SOC) \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 (C) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 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(1) \u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0630\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0627\u0636 \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a C \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648 (2) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 C \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 OM \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u0640 SOM \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629. \u062a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 EA \u0628\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0647\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627.", "keywords": ["Biomass (ecology)", "Microbial population biology", "Fagus sylvatica", "Soil Science", "Plant Science", "Plant litter", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions", "Soil water", "Genetics", "Monoculture", "Forest floor", "Saproxylic Insect Ecology and Forest Management", "Biology", "Beech", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "Ecology", "Bacteria", "Picea abies", "Botany", "Life Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Agronomy", "Insect Science", "FOS: Biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.60692/h5snt-86y57"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.60692/h5snt-86y57", "name": "item", "description": "10.60692/h5snt-86y57", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.60692/h5snt-86y57"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.5qv78r3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:30Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Large ecosystem service benefits of assisted natural regeneration", "description": "unspecifiedJGR-2018-Large ecosystem service benefits of assisted natural regeneration", "keywords": ["assisted natural regeneration", "13. Climate action", "Ecosystem service", "Chinese-fir", "15. Life on land", "Chinese-fir plantation", "monoculture plantation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yang, Yusheng, Wang, Lixin, Yang, Zhijie, Xu, Chao, Xie, Jingsheng, Chen, Guangshui, Lin, Chengfang, Guo, Jianfen, Liu, Xiaofei, Xiong, Decheng, Lin, Weisheng, Chen, Shidong, He, Zongming, Lin, Kaimiao, Jiang, Miaohua, Lin, Teng-Chiu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5qv78r3"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.5qv78r3", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.5qv78r3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.5qv78r3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.61pm78v", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:30Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Tissue-specific carbon concentration, carbon stock, and distribution in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hookplantations at various developmental stages in subtropical China", "description": "unspecifiedKey message Carbon (C) concentrations in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook plantations differed significantly among tissue types and were greater for aboveground than belowground tissues. Plantation C stock increased with developmental stage from young to mature to overmature, but at all stages the majority occurred as soil organic carbon (SOC) and was more influenced by belowground fine roots than by aboveground litterfall. Context Failing to account for tissue-specific variation in the C concentration can result in inaccurate forest C stock estimates. Aims We aimed to quantify the relative magnitudes of C stock for Chinese fir plantations at different developmental stages. Specifically, we focused on assessing tissue-specific C concentrations and C dynamics return of above- and belowground litterfall. Methods Carbon traits (C concentration, C flux, C stock and distribution at tree and ecosystem scales) were quantified in a chronosequence of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) monoculture plantation stands at young (10), mature (22), and overmature (34 years old) developmental stages. Results Carbon concentrations differed significantly among tissue types, with mean values of 48.5 \u00b1 0.1% and 42.5 \u00b1 0.2% for above- and belowground biomass, respectively. The aboveground tissue C concentration, tree- and plantation-scale C stock, and SOC stock depended on developmental stage. Carbon return in litterfall, tree C stock, and SOC increased from the young to the overmature stage. SOC stock accounted for the majority of plantation C stock at all developmental stages (78.3, 59.6 and 55.7% in the young, mature and overmature stages, respectively) and was more highly influenced by belowground fine roots than aboveground litterfall. Carbon stocks in Chinese fir plantations were 86, 129, and 153 t ha-2 at the young, mature, and overmature stages. Conclusion Prolonging Chinese fir rotation increases C sequestration potential and should be the focus of forest management strategies. The tissue-specific C concentrations provide detailed information for more accurate biomass C stock estimates for Chinese fir plantations and other subtropical coniferous forest. They indicate that current guidelines result in an overestimation of belowground biomass C stocks. Using the standard 0.47 biomass to C conversion factor, the belowground C stock would have been overestimated by 7.6-13.0% for the Chinese fir developmental stages investigated, while tree C stock would be underestimated by 0.08-3.24%. Therefore, developing species- and tissue-specific conversion factors are required for supporting C plantation and forest C accounting strategies.", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "tissue-specific carbon concentrations", "Chinese fir", "15. Life on land", "Litterfall", "fine root", "Cunninghamia lanceolata", "monoculture plantation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhou, Lili, Li, Shubin, Liu, Bo, Wu, Pengfei, Heal, Kate V, Ma, Xiangqing,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.61pm78v"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.61pm78v", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.61pm78v", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.61pm78v"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.60692/wzwcw-szh03", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:24:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-30", "title": "Effects of agricultural management practices on soil quality: A review of long-term experiments for Europe and China", "description": "Open AccessIn this paper we present effects of four paired agricultural management practices (organic matter (OM) addition versus no organic matter input, no-tillage (NT) versus conventional tillage, crop rotation versus monoculture, and organic agriculture versus conventional agriculture) on five key soil quality indicators, i.e., soil organic matter (SOM) content, pH, aggregate stability, earthworms (numbers) and crop yield. We have considered organic matter addition, no-tillage, crop rotation and organic agriculture as 'promising practices'; no organic matter input, conventional tillage, monoculture and conventional farming were taken as the respective references or 'standard practice' (baseline). Relative effects were analysed through indicator response ratio (RR) under each paired practice. For this we considered data of 30 long-term experiments collected from 13 case study sites in Europe and China as collated in the framework of the EU-China funded iSQAPER project. These were complemented with data from 42 long-term experiments across China and 402 observations of long-term trials published in the literature. Out of these, we only considered experiments covering at least five years. The results show that OM addition favourably affected all the indicators under consideration. The most favourable effect was reported on earthworm numbers, followed by yield, SOM content and soil aggregate stability. For pH, effects depended on soil type; OM input favourably affected the pH of acidic soils, whereas no clear trend was observed under NT. NT generally led to increased aggregate stability and greater SOM content in upper soil horizons. However, the magnitude of the relative effects varied, e.g. with soil texture. No-tillage practices enhanced earthworm populations, but not where herbicides or pesticides were applied to combat weeds and pests. Overall, in this review, yield slightly decreased under NT. Crop rotation had a positive effect on SOM content and yield; rotation with ley very positively influenced earthworms' numbers. Overall, crop rotation had little impact on soil pH and aggregate stability \u2212 depending on the type of intercrop; alternatively, rotation of arable crops only resulted in adverse effects. A clear positive trend was observed for earthworm abundance under organic agriculture. Further, organic agriculture generally resulted in increased aggregate stability and greater SOM content. Overall, no clear trend was found for pH; a decrease in yield was observed under organic agriculture in this review.", "keywords": ["Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Crop", "01 natural sciences", "Long-term field experiments", "Crop Productivity", "Soil quality", "Environmental science", "Organic Matter Dynamics", "Tillage", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil quality indicators", "Crop rotation", "Management of Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity", "Soil water", "FOS: Mathematics", "Agricultural management practices", "Monoculture", "Crop Yield Stability", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Literature review", "Response ratio", "Soil science", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "Conventional tillage", "Geography", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil Nutrient Management", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Chemistry", "Archaeology", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic matter", "Intercropping in Agricultural Systems", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Mathematics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.60692/wzwcw-szh03"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.60692/wzwcw-szh03", "name": "item", "description": "10.60692/wzwcw-szh03", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.60692/wzwcw-szh03"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2807448259", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:25:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-31", "title": "Effects of agricultural management practices on soil quality: A review of long-term experiments for Europe and China", "description": "Open AccessIn this paper we present effects of four paired agricultural management practices (organic matter (OM) addition versus no organic matter input, no-tillage (NT) versus conventional tillage, crop rotation versus monoculture, and organic agriculture versus conventional agriculture) on five key soil quality indicators, i.e., soil organic matter (SOM) content, pH, aggregate stability, earthworms (numbers) and crop yield. We have considered organic matter addition, no-tillage, crop rotation and organic agriculture as 'promising practices'; no organic matter input, conventional tillage, monoculture and conventional farming were taken as the respective references or 'standard practice' (baseline). Relative effects were analysed through indicator response ratio (RR) under each paired practice. For this we considered data of 30 long-term experiments collected from 13 case study sites in Europe and China as collated in the framework of the EU-China funded iSQAPER project. These were complemented with data from 42 long-term experiments across China and 402 observations of long-term trials published in the literature. Out of these, we only considered experiments covering at least five years. The results show that OM addition favourably affected all the indicators under consideration. The most favourable effect was reported on earthworm numbers, followed by yield, SOM content and soil aggregate stability. For pH, effects depended on soil type; OM input favourably affected the pH of acidic soils, whereas no clear trend was observed under NT. NT generally led to increased aggregate stability and greater SOM content in upper soil horizons. However, the magnitude of the relative effects varied, e.g. with soil texture. No-tillage practices enhanced earthworm populations, but not where herbicides or pesticides were applied to combat weeds and pests. Overall, in this review, yield slightly decreased under NT. Crop rotation had a positive effect on SOM content and yield; rotation with ley very positively influenced earthworms' numbers. Overall, crop rotation had little impact on soil pH and aggregate stability \u2212 depending on the type of intercrop; alternatively, rotation of arable crops only resulted in adverse effects. A clear positive trend was observed for earthworm abundance under organic agriculture. Further, organic agriculture generally resulted in increased aggregate stability and greater SOM content. Overall, no clear trend was found for pH; a decrease in yield was observed under organic agriculture in this review.", "keywords": ["Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Crop", "01 natural sciences", "Long-term field experiments", "Crop Productivity", "Soil quality", "Environmental science", "Organic Matter Dynamics", "Tillage", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil quality indicators", "Crop rotation", "Management of Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity", "Soil water", "FOS: Mathematics", "Agricultural management practices", "Monoculture", "Crop Yield Stability", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Literature review", "Response ratio", "Soil science", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Soil Fertility", "Conventional tillage", "Geography", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil Nutrient Management", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Chemistry", "Archaeology", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic matter", "Intercropping in Agricultural Systems", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Mathematics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2807448259"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2807448259", "name": "item", "description": "2807448259", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2807448259"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3041790162", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:26:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-10", "title": "Optimized crop rotations increase biomass production without significantly changing soil carbon and nitrogen stock", "description": "Abstract To meet the growing challenges for food security, renewable resource production and climate change adaptation, optimized crop rotations (OCRs) should aim to maximize biomass production and export from the field while minimizing carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) footprints. However, the effects of OCRs on aboveground biomass production and soil C and N stock as well as the potential links between them remain poorly understood. In this study in Denmark, we harvested all aboveground biomass and simultaneously investigated soil C and N content and stock in two continuous monocultures (CMs) as well as in four OCRs. Across five-year continuous observations, OCRs significantly increased cumulative aboveground biomass production by 23% compared to CMs. There was no significant difference between OCRs and CMs in soil C and N content in any of the soil layers (0\u201320, 20\u201350, and 50\u2013100\u00a0cm) after the five years. Moreover, OCRs had no effect on top layer soil C and N stock compared to CMs, even when examined by equivalent soil mass. Slight reductions in soil C and N stock after five years in both OCRs and CMs did not relate to the changes in aboveground biomass production. Our results highlight that it is feasible to produce more biomass for biorefineries in OCRs than in CMs and the reductions in soil C and N stock over time seem similar for the two systems. Longer-term continuous observations are called for to underpin these results.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Optimized crop rotation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Continuous monoculture", "7. Clean energy", "03 medical and health sciences", "Biomass production", "13. Climate action", "Equivalent soil mass", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil carbon and nitrogen stock"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3041790162"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Indicators", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3041790162", "name": "item", "description": "3041790162", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3041790162"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "5224af5a-bfbe-43be-9f59-9338386ebc3c", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[13.8, 53.37], [13.8, 53.37], [13.8, 53.37], [13.8, 53.37], [13.8, 53.37]]]}, "properties": {"rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. 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Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. 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Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the BonaRes Module A-Project - SIGNAL's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the BonaRes Module A-Project - SIGNAL and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the BonaRes Module A-Project - SIGNAL and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The BonaRes Module A-Project - SIGNAL and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data. The access to this data is restricted during embargo time. If prior access is requested, contact the data owner / author.", "updated": "2021-11-03", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2021-09-14", "language": "eng", "title": "Gross N2O emission and uptake in cropland agroforestry and monoculture systems", "description": "This data set includes data on gross N2O emission and uptake measured by 15N2O pool dilution, net N2O flux, CO2 emission, soil temperature, water-filled pore space, mineral N (NH4+ and NO3-), microbial biomass N and C, and denitrification gene abundance (nirK, nirS, nosZ clade I and II) were measured on three sites in Germany in cropland agroforestry and monocultures. 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