The river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain network plays an important role in the carbon (C) cycle of the Amazon basin, as it transports and processes a significant fraction of the C fixed by terrestrial vegetation, most of which evades as CO2 from rivers and floodplains back to the atmosphere. There is empirical evidence that exceptionally dry or wet years have an impact on the net C balance in the Amazon. While seasonal and interannual variations in hydrology have a direct impact on the amounts of C transferred through the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain system, it is not known how far the variation of these fluxes affects the overall Amazon C balance. Here, we introduce a new wetland forcing file for the ORCHILEAK model, which improves the representation of floodplain dynamics and allows us to closely reproduce data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven estimates of net C exports through the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain network. Based on this new wetland forcing and two climate forcing datasets, we show that across the Amazon, the percentage of net primary productivity lost to the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain system is highly variable at the interannual timescale, and wet years fuel aquatic CO2 evasion. However, at the same time overall net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and C sequestration are highest during wet years, partly due to reduced decomposition rates in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90logged floodplain soils. It is years with the lowest discharge and floodplain inundation, often associated with El Nino events, that have the lowest NEP and the highest total (terrestrial plus aquatic) CO2 emissions back to atmosphere. Furthermore, we find that aquatic C fluxes display greater variation than terrestrial C fluxes, and that this variation significantly dampens the interannual variability in NEP of the Amazon basin. These results call for a more integrative view of the C fluxes through the vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90river\uffe2\uff80\uff90floodplain continuum, which directly places aquatic C fluxes into the overall C budget of the Amazon basin. Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the\u00a0results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["Soil sciences", "NEP", "GHG", "Modis"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hessel, Rudi, Trip, Martine,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13960816"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13960816", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13960816", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13960816"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13960817", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:23:24Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "SERENA EJPSOIL NL GHG NEP", "description": "Open AccessThe data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as part of the EJP Soil SERENA programme. Please keep in mind that: \u2022It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality. \u2022Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results may contain inconsistencies, depending in particular on the raw data available and level of accuracy of the techniques chosen and their prior knowledge . \u2022It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained in order to decide on their relevance\u00a0in relation to the intended\u00a0purpose\u00a0of reuse. \u2022These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use\u00a0for environmental management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and complementing when necessary the provided results with the best available data. ==> Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the\u00a0results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["Soil sciences", "NEP", "GHG", "Modis"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hessel, Rudi, Trip, Martine,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13960817"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13960817", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13960817", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13960817"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13987916", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:23:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "SERENA EJPSOIL IE MEATH GHG NEP", "description": "Open AccessThe data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as\u00a0part of the EJP Soil SERENA\u00a0programme. Please keep in mind that: It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality. Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results\u00a0may contain inconsistencies,\u00a0depending\u00a0in particular on\u00a0the raw data\u00a0available\u00a0and level of accuracy of the techniques chosen\u00a0and\u00a0their prior knowledge\u00a0. It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained\u00a0in order to\u00a0decide on their\u00a0relevance\u00a0in relation to the intended\u00a0purpose\u00a0of reuse. These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use\u00a0for environmental\u00a0management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and\u00a0complementing when\u00a0necessary\u00a0the provided results with the best available data. ==> Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["EJP Soil", " Serena", " Greenhouse gas", " soil based ecosystem service", " NEP", " Ireland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fahy, Alan, Bondi, Giulia, O'Sullivan, Lilian,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13987916"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13987916", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13987916", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13987916"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14000512", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:23:26Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "EJPSOIL_SERENA: Impacts of Climate Change Scenarios on Net Ecosystem Productivity in Peipsi\u00e4\u00e4re Municipality, Estonia", "description": "The internal EJP SOIL project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at the regional, national, and European scales. \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 The study evaluated Net Ecosystem Productivity (NEP), a key indicator of carbon dynamics and ecosystem health that captures the balance between gross primary productivity and total ecosystem respiration under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate change scenarios. The scenarios incorporate NEP calculations from the SERENA project\u2019s GHG Cookbook, which integrates MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) terrestrial primary productivity data with spatially explicit climate variables, such as average temperatures (derived from minimum and maximum daily temperatures) and soil volumetric moisture content. The baseline NEP layer for this analysis was derived from the GHG Cookbook\u2019s 8-day NEP calculation for April 24 to May 1, 2014. This study specifically mapped NEP values in wheat fields within Peipsi\u00e4\u00e4re municipality, Estonia, under the RCP4.5 scenario for the future periods 2041\u20132070 and 2071\u20132100. The findings provide initial insights into NEP scenario modeling related to climate change, indicating that more advanced analyses would be advantageous for refining the methodology. Furthermore, incorporating Estonia\u2019s specific pedoclimatic conditions and considering the dynamics of terrestrial primary productivity within the datasets would greatly improve the accuracy of projections. This dataset includes an 8-day NEP layer for wheat fields in Peipsi\u00e4\u00e4re municipality, Estonia, under the RCP4.5 climate pathway for the periods 2041\u20132070 and 2071\u20132100. The files, named SERENA_EJPSOIL_EE_CC_scenario_NEP_RCP4.5_2041-2070.gpkg and SERENA_EJPSOIL_EE_CC_scenario_NEP_RCP4.5_2071-2100.gpkg, are formatted as GeoPackages (GPKG).", "keywords": ["SERENA EJPSOIL; D3.4; WP3; Task 3.3; Estonia; Net Ecosystem Productivity; NEP; GHG; Scenarios; RCP"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kukk, Liia, Astover, Alar,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14000512"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14000512", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14000512", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14000512"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "17190727", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-27", "title": "Long-Acting Calcium Channel Blocker, Azelnidipine, Increases Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Brain and Inhibits Sympathetic Nerve Activity", "description": "Nitric oxide (NO) in the central nervous system inhibits sympathetic nerve activity, thereby decreasing blood pressure. It is unknown, however, whether orally administered antihypertensive treatment alters NO synthase (NOS) expression, particularly in the brain, and how changes in NOS expression affects sympathetic nerve activity. Azelnidipine, a recently developed long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, does not cause baroreflex-induced tachycardia. The aim of the present study was to determine whether antihypertensive treatment with azelnidipine alters endothelial NOS (eNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS), or inducible NOS (iNOS) expression in the brain, and how changes in NOS affect sympathetic nerve activity. Azelnidipine (20 mg/kg/day) or hydralazine (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 30 days in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured by the tail cuff method. Urinary norepinephrine excretion was measured as a marker of sympathetic nerve activity. Western blot analysis was performed to examine eNOS, nNOS, or iNOS expression levels in the brain (cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and the brain stem), heart, and aorta. The extent of blood pressure reduction was similar between the two groups. Heart rate increased in the hydralazine-treated group but did not change in the azelnidipine-treated group. Urinary norepinephrine excretion was significantly increased only in the hydralazine-treated group. Treatment with azelnidipine significantly increased eNOS expression levels in the brain, heart, and aorta, but did not alter nNOS or iNOS expression levels. Treatment with hydralazine did not change any of the NOS expression levels. These results suggest that antihypertensive treatment with azelnidipine attenuates reflex-induced sympathetic activation and enhances eNOS expression levels in the brain as well as in the heart and aorta.", "keywords": ["Male", "Dihydropyridines", "Sympathetic Nervous System", "Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III", "Myocardium", "Brain", "Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II", "Blood Pressure", "Rats", " Inbred Strains", "Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I", "Calcium Channel Blockers", "Rats", "3. Good health", "Enzyme Activation", "Norepinephrine", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Heart Rate", "Rats", " Inbred SHR", "Animals", "Azetidinecarboxylic Acid", "Aorta"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yoshikuni, Kimura, Yoshitaka, Hirooka, Yoji, Sagara, Kenji, Sunagawa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/17190727"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Clinical%20and%20Experimental%20Hypertension", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "17190727", "name": "item", "description": "17190727", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/17190727"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/287489", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-03-18", "title": "Aquatic carbon fluxes dampen the overall variation of net ecosystem productivity in the Amazon basin: An analysis of the interannual variability in the boundless carbon cycle", "description": "Abstract
The river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain network plays an important role in the carbon (C) cycle of the Amazon basin, as it transports and processes a significant fraction of the C fixed by terrestrial vegetation, most of which evades as CO2 from rivers and floodplains back to the atmosphere. There is empirical evidence that exceptionally dry or wet years have an impact on the net C balance in the Amazon. While seasonal and interannual variations in hydrology have a direct impact on the amounts of C transferred through the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain system, it is not known how far the variation of these fluxes affects the overall Amazon C balance. Here, we introduce a new wetland forcing file for the ORCHILEAK model, which improves the representation of floodplain dynamics and allows us to closely reproduce data\uffe2\uff80\uff90driven estimates of net C exports through the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain network. Based on this new wetland forcing and two climate forcing datasets, we show that across the Amazon, the percentage of net primary productivity lost to the river\uffe2\uff80\uff93floodplain system is highly variable at the interannual timescale, and wet years fuel aquatic CO2 evasion. However, at the same time overall net ecosystem productivity (NEP) and C sequestration are highest during wet years, partly due to reduced decomposition rates in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90logged floodplain soils. It is years with the lowest discharge and floodplain inundation, often associated with El Nino events, that have the lowest NEP and the highest total (terrestrial plus aquatic) CO2 emissions back to atmosphere. Furthermore, we find that aquatic C fluxes display greater variation than terrestrial C fluxes, and that this variation significantly dampens the interannual variability in NEP of the Amazon basin. These results call for a more integrative view of the C fluxes through the vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff90soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90river\uffe2\uff80\uff90floodplain continuum, which directly places aquatic C fluxes into the overall C budget of the Amazon basin. The effects of pH variation on ionic exchange and mechanical function were studied in the arterially perfused rat and rabbit septa. The pH and PCO2 of the control perfusate were 7.40 and 39 mmHg, respectively. In the rabbit septum a metabolic acidosis (pH equals 6.82, PCO2 equals 39 mmHg) caused a loss of 16% of control tension in 12 min. Na+ and K+ exchange were unaltered. A comparable respiratory acidosis (pH equals 6.81, PCO2 equals 159 mmHg) caused a 51% loss of tension in 2 min. Na+ exchange was unaltered but K+ efflux fell from 8.9 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SE) to 4.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/kg dry wt per min (P less than 0.001, n equals 10). A net gain of K+ of 16.9 +/- 1.7 (n equals 14) mmol/kg dry wt occurred and was attributable to a delayed fall in K+ influx relative to efflux over 15 min. The net gain could not be mimicked by epinephrine administration or blocked by propranolol and was absent in the beating rat septum and the quiescent rabbit septum. These results suggest that the net uptake of K+, which appears to be dependent on a period of depolarization, and the changes of contractility are controlled by the H+ ion concentration at a cellular site whose exchange with the extracellular space is characterized by a considerable restriction of diffusion. Changes of contractility are not related to the net uptake of K+.
", "keywords": ["Male", "0301 basic medicine", "Epinephrine", "Myocardium", "Sodium", "Heart", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "In Vitro Techniques", "Propranolol", "Rats", "Ion Exchange", "Perfusion", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Potassium", "Animals", "Acidosis", " Respiratory", "Rabbits", "Acidosis", "Alkalosis", " Respiratory"], "contacts": [{"organization": "PA Poole-Wilson, GA Langer,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/han,s.,2014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Legacy%20Content", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "han,s.,2014", "name": "item", "description": "han,s.,2014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/han,s.,2014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "jiang,2014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:36:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "description": "The effects of pH variation on ionic exchange and mechanical function were studied in the arterially perfused rat and rabbit septa. The pH and PCO2 of the control perfusate were 7.40 and 39 mmHg, respectively. In the rabbit septum a metabolic acidosis (pH equals 6.82, PCO2 equals 39 mmHg) caused a loss of 16% of control tension in 12 min. Na+ and K+ exchange were unaltered. A comparable respiratory acidosis (pH equals 6.81, PCO2 equals 159 mmHg) caused a 51% loss of tension in 2 min. Na+ exchange was unaltered but K+ efflux fell from 8.9 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SE) to 4.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/kg dry wt per min (P less than 0.001, n equals 10). A net gain of K+ of 16.9 +/- 1.7 (n equals 14) mmol/kg dry wt occurred and was attributable to a delayed fall in K+ influx relative to efflux over 15 min. The net gain could not be mimicked by epinephrine administration or blocked by propranolol and was absent in the beating rat septum and the quiescent rabbit septum. These results suggest that the net uptake of K+, which appears to be dependent on a period of depolarization, and the changes of contractility are controlled by the H+ ion concentration at a cellular site whose exchange with the extracellular space is characterized by a considerable restriction of diffusion. Changes of contractility are not related to the net uptake of K+.
", "keywords": ["Male", "0301 basic medicine", "Epinephrine", "Myocardium", "Sodium", "Heart", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "In Vitro Techniques", "Propranolol", "Rats", "Ion Exchange", "Perfusion", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Potassium", "Animals", "Acidosis", " Respiratory", "Rabbits", "Acidosis", "Alkalosis", " Respiratory"], "contacts": [{"organization": "PA Poole-Wilson, GA Langer,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/jiang,2014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/American%20Journal%20of%20Physiology-Legacy%20Content", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "jiang,2014", "name": "item", "description": "jiang,2014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/jiang,2014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "jin,2014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:36:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "description": "The effects of pH variation on ionic exchange and mechanical function were studied in the arterially perfused rat and rabbit septa. The pH and PCO2 of the control perfusate were 7.40 and 39 mmHg, respectively. In the rabbit septum a metabolic acidosis (pH equals 6.82, PCO2 equals 39 mmHg) caused a loss of 16% of control tension in 12 min. Na+ and K+ exchange were unaltered. A comparable respiratory acidosis (pH equals 6.81, PCO2 equals 159 mmHg) caused a 51% loss of tension in 2 min. Na+ exchange was unaltered but K+ efflux fell from 8.9 +/- 0.6 (mean +/- SE) to 4.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/kg dry wt per min (P less than 0.001, n equals 10). A net gain of K+ of 16.9 +/- 1.7 (n equals 14) mmol/kg dry wt occurred and was attributable to a delayed fall in K+ influx relative to efflux over 15 min. The net gain could not be mimicked by epinephrine administration or blocked by propranolol and was absent in the beating rat septum and the quiescent rabbit septum. These results suggest that the net uptake of K+, which appears to be dependent on a period of depolarization, and the changes of contractility are controlled by the H+ ion concentration at a cellular site whose exchange with the extracellular space is characterized by a considerable restriction of diffusion. Changes of contractility are not related to the net uptake of K+.
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