{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s11270-016-2884-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:14:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-05-24", "title": "Root Production Of Fagus Crenata Blume Saplings Grown In Two Soils And Exposed To Elevated Co2 Concentration: An 11-Year Free-Air-Co2 Enrichment (Face) Experiment In Northern Japan", "description": "We examined the root production of a set of Fagus crenata (Siebold\u2019s beech) saplings grown in an infertile immature volcanic ash soil (VA) and another set in a fertile brown forest soil (BF) with both sets exposed to elevated CO2. After the saplings had been exposed to ambient (370\u2013390\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol\u22121) or elevated (500\u00a0\u03bcmol\u00a0mol\u22121) CO2, during the daytime, for 11 growing seasons, the root systems were excavated. Elevated CO2 boosted the total root production of saplings grown in VA and abolished the negative effect of VA under ambient CO2, but there was no significant effect of elevated CO2 on saplings grown in BF. These results indicate the projected elevated CO2 concentrations may have a different impact in regions with different soil fertility while in regions with VA, a higher net primary production is expected. In addition, we observed large elevated CO2-induced fine-root production and extensive foraging strategy of saplings in both soils, a phenomenon that may partly (a) adjust the biogeochemical cycles of ecosystems, (b) form their response to global change, and (c) increase the size and/or biodiversity of soil fauna. We recommend that future researches consider testing a soil with a higher degree of infertility than the one we tested.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "NPP", "Ecophysiology", "Air pollution", "Climate change", "Atmospheric environment", "15. Life on land", "Greenhouse gas", "01 natural sciences", "653"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-016-2884-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%2C%20Air%2C%20%26amp%3B%20Soil%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11270-016-2884-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11270-016-2884-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11270-016-2884-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108631", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:16:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-24", "title": "Dynamic structure-soil-structure interaction for nuclear power plants", "description": "Open AccessThe paper explores the linear and nonlinear dynamic interaction between the reactor and the auxiliary buildings of a Nuclear Power Plant on a realistic layered soil profile, aiming to evaluate the effect of the auxiliary building on the seismic response of crucial components inside the reactor building. Based on realistic geometrical assumptions, highfidelity 3D finite element (FE) models of increasing sophistication are created in the Real-ESSI Simulator. Starting with elastic soil conditions and assuming tied soil\u2500foundation interfaces, it is shown that the rocking vibration mode of the soil\u2500reactor building system is amplified by the presence of the auxiliary building through a detrimental out-of-phase rotational interaction mechanism. Adding nonlinear interfaces, which allow for soil\u2500foundation detachment during seismic shaking, introduces higher excitation frequencies (above 10 Hz) in the foundation of the reactor building, leading to amplification effects in the resonant vibration response of the biological shield wall (incl. reactor vessel) inside the reactor building. A small amount of sliding at the soil\u2500foundation interface of the auxiliary building slightly decreases its response, thus reducing its aforementioned negative effects on the reactor building. When soil nonlinearity is accounted for, the rocking vibration mode of the soil\u2500reactor building system almost vanishes, thanks to the strongly nonlinear response of the underlying soil. This leads to a beneficial out-of-phase horizontal interaction mechanism between the two buildings, reducing the spectral accelerations at critical points inside the reactor building by up to 55% for frequencies close to the resonant vibration frequency of the auxiliary building. This implies that the neighboring buildings could offer mutual seismic protection to each other, in a similar way to the recently emerged seismic resonant metamaterials, provided that they are properly tuned during the design phase, accounting for soil and soil-foundation interface nonlinearities.", "keywords": ["Structure-Soil-Structure interaction (SSSI)", "Structure-Soil-Structure interaction (SSSI); Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs); Domain reduction method (DRM); Nonlinear interface; Nonlinear soil; Seismic resonant metamaterials; Meta-SSI", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI); Nuclear power plants (NPPs); Domain reduction method (DRM); Nonlinear interface; Nonlinear soil; Seismic resonant metamaterials; Meta-SSI", "Physics - Applied Physics", "Applied Physics (physics.app-ph)", "7. Clean energy", "Domain reduction method (DRM)", "Meta-SSI", "Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs)", "Nonlinear soil", "Structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI)", "Nuclear power plants (NPPs)", "Nonlinear interface", "Seismic resonant metamaterials"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108631"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Dynamics%20and%20Earthquake%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108631", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108631", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soildyn.2024.108631"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13902", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:17:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-11", "title": "CO2 evasion from boreal lakes: Revised estimate, drivers of spatial variability, and future projections", "description": "Abstract

Lakes (including reservoirs) are an important component of the global carbon (C) cycle, as acknowledged by the fifth assessment report of the IPCC. In the context of lakes, the boreal region is disproportionately important contributing to 27% of the worldwide lake area, despite representing just 14% of global land surface area. In this study, we used a statistical approach to derive a prediction equation\uffc2\uffa0for the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in lakes as a function of lake area, terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP), and precipitation (r2\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0.56), and to create the first high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution, circumboreal map (0.5\uffc2\uffb0) of lake pCO2. The map of\uffc2\uffa0pCO2 was combined with lake area from the recently published GLOWABO database and three different estimates of the gas transfer velocity k to produce a resulting map of CO2 evasion (FCO2). For the boreal region, we estimate an average, lake area weighted, pCO2 of 966 (678\uffe2\uff80\uff931,325) \uffce\uffbcatm and a total\uffc2\uffa0FCO2 of 189 (74\uffe2\uff80\uff93347) Tg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and evaluate the corresponding uncertainties based on Monte Carlo simulation. Our estimate of FCO2 is approximately twofold greater than previous estimates, as a result of methodological and data source differences. We use our results along with published estimates of the other C fluxes through inland waters to derive a C budget for the boreal region, and find that FCO2 from lakes is the most significant flux of the land\uffe2\uff80\uff90ocean aquatic continuum, and of a similar magnitude as emissions from forest fires. Using the model and applying it to spatially resolved projections of terrestrial NPP and precipitation while keeping everything else constant, we predict a 107% increase in boreal lake FCO2 under emission scenario RCP8.5 by 2100. Our projections are largely driven by increases in terrestrial NPP over the same period, showing the very close connection between the terrestrial and aquatic C cycle.DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02695.xCommentary p 5

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "aboveground annual net primary productivity (ANPP)", "desert grasslands", "Rain", "global climate change", "Chihuahuan desert", "Opuntia", "precipitation", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "Texas", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Liliaceae", "Biomass", "Desert Climate"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02643.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02643.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02643.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02643.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-12-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.12409", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:17:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-22", "title": "Fire, Hurricane And Carbon Dioxide: Effects On Net Primary Production Of A Subtropical Woodland", "description": "Summary

Disturbance affects most terrestrial ecosystems and has the potential to shape their responses to chronic environmental change.

Scrub\uffe2\uff80\uff90oak vegetation regenerating from fire disturbance in subtropical Florida was exposed to experimentally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (+350\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcl\uffc2\uffa0l\uffe2\uff88\uff921) using open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers for 11\uffc2\uffa0yr, punctuated by hurricane disturbance in year 8. Here, we report the effects of elevated CO2 on aboveground and belowground net primary productivity (NPP) and nitrogen (N) cycling during this experiment.

The stimulation of NPP and N uptake by elevated CO2 peaked within 2\uffc2\uffa0yr after disturbance by fire and hurricane, when soil nutrient availability was high. The stimulation subsequently declined and disappeared, coincident with low soil nutrient availability and with a CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced reduction in the N concentration of oak stems.

These findings show that strong growth responses to elevated CO2 can be transient, are consistent with a progressively limited response to elevated CO2 interrupted by disturbance, and illustrate the importance of biogeochemical responses to extreme events in modulating ecosystem responses to global environmental change.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY", "Scrub oak ecosystem", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Quercus", "Soil", "nitrogen cycling", "oak woodland", "ECOSYSTEMS", "Global environmental change", "Biomass", "ROOT BIOMASS", "disturbance", "Florida scrub", "elevated CO2", "Elevated atmospheric CO2", "Plant Stems", "Cyclonic Storms", "Aboveground biomass", "FOREST PRODUCTIVITY", "Hurricane", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Fire", "Soil carbon", "LONG-TERM EXPOSURE", "Net primary productivity", "Long term exposure", "Florida", "Elevated CO2", "fire", "FLORIDA SCRUB", "ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS", "Nitrogen cycling", "TERRESTRIAL", "Oak woodland", "ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "Elevated CO 2", "Nitrogen", "hurricane", "Forest productivity", "Fires", "Terrestrial ecosystems", "SCRUB-OAK ECOSYSTEM", "Net primary productivity (NPP)", "Ecosystem", "Nitrogen use efficiency", "Atmosphere", "net primary productivity (NPP)", "Root biomass", "Plant Sciences", "global environmental change", "Disturbance", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SOIL CARBON"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/context/biology_fac_pubs/article/1266/viewcontent/Day2013FireHurricaneandCarbonDioxideOCR.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12409"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.12409", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.12409", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.12409"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs13142755", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:18:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-14", "title": "Aboveground Biomass Mapping of Crops Supported by Improved CASA Model and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imagery", "description": "

The net primary productivity (NPP) and aboveground biomass mapping of crops based on remote sensing technology are not only conducive to understanding the growth and development of crops but can also be used to monitor timely agricultural information, thereby providing effective decision making for agricultural production management. To solve the saturation problem of the NDVI in the aboveground biomass mapping of crops, the original CASA model was improved using narrow-band red-edge information, which is sensitive to vegetation chlorophyll variation, and the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR), NPP, and aboveground biomass of winter wheat and maize were mapped in the main growing seasons. Moreover, in this study, we deeply analyzed the seasonal change trends of crops\u2019 biophysical parameters in terms of the NDVI, FPAR, actual light use efficiency (LUE), and their influence on aboveground biomass. Finally, to analyze the uncertainty of the aboveground biomass mapping of crops, we further discussed the inversion differences of FPAR with different vegetation indices. The results demonstrated that the inversion accuracies of the FPAR of the red-edge normalized vegetation index (NDVIred-edge) and red-edge simple ratio vegetation index (SRred-edge) were higher than those of the original CASA model. Compared with the reference data, the accuracy of aboveground biomass estimated by the improved CASA model was 0.73 and 0.70, respectively, which was 0.21 and 0.13 higher than that of the original CASA model. In addition, the analysis of the FPAR inversions of different vegetation indices showed that the inversion accuracies of the red-edge vegetation indices NDVIred-edge and SRred-edge were higher than those of the other vegetation indices, which confirmed that the vegetation indices involving red-edge information can more effectively retrieve FPAR and aboveground biomass of crops.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "NPP", "seasonal variation", "improved CASA", "biomass", "Science", "Q", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "improved CASA; red-edge band; NPP; biomass; seasonal variation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "red-edge band", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2755/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13142755"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs13142755", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs13142755", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs13142755"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10836974", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:19:29Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Organic Matter, Geochemical, Visible Spectrocolorimetric Properties, Radiocesium Properties, and Grain Size of Potential Source Material, Target Sediment Core Layers and Laboratory Mixtures for Conducting Sediment Fingerprinting Approaches in the Mano Dam Reservoir (Hayama Lake) Catchment, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan", "description": "The current dataset was compiled to study sediment fingerprintings practices, i.e tracer selection and contribution modelling. Organic matter, elemental geochemistry, visible difuse spectrocolorimetric properties, radiocesium properties, and grain size were analysed were analysed in potential source material that may supply sediment to coastal rivers, here the upper part of the Mano river, draining the main Fukushima radioactive pollution plume (Japan). Four potential soil source materials (n = 68) were considered: undecontaminated cropland (n = 24), as non-decontaminated soil before the application of local decontamination policies, remediated cropland (n = 10), as decontaminated soil after the application of local decontamination policies, forest soils (n = 24) and subsurface material originating from channel bank collapse or landslides (n = 10; referred to as subsoil). A sediment core was collected in the Mano Dam lake (Hayama lake) on the 6th June 2021 and was sectionned into 1-cm layers (n = 38). Laboratory mixtures (n = 27) were made to assess different contribution levels from the sources. The current dataset comprises four .csv files including data and metadata information and their respective descriptions of variables. The data set is composed of soil samples, sediment core layer and laboratory mixtures. Laboratory mixtures were prepared to provide a dataset to calibrate/validate un-mixing models implemented to address this research question and analysed in the same conditions and using the same equipment as the source/target material. Recommended encoding format: latin1", "keywords": ["Sediment Tracing", "Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plan", "15. Life on land", "Sediment Source Fingerprinting", "Sediment transport", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "FDNPP", "Source-to-Sink", "Japan", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Soil erosion", "Sediment", "Soil Erosion"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chalaux-Clergue, Thomas, Evrard, Olivier, Durand, Roxanne, Caumon, Alison, Hayashi, Seiji, Tsuji, Hideki, Huon, Sylvain, Vaury, V\u00e9ronique, Wakiyama, Yoshifumi, Nakao, Atsushi, Laceby, J. Patrick, Onda, Yuichi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10836974"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10836974", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10836974", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10836974"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8091249", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-13", "title": "Aboveground Biomass Mapping of Crops Supported by Improved CASA Model and Sentinel-2 Multispectral Imagery", "description": "

The net primary productivity (NPP) and aboveground biomass mapping of crops based on remote sensing technology are not only conducive to understanding the growth and development of crops but can also be used to monitor timely agricultural information, thereby providing effective decision making for agricultural production management. To solve the saturation problem of the NDVI in the aboveground biomass mapping of crops, the original CASA model was improved using narrow-band red-edge information, which is sensitive to vegetation chlorophyll variation, and the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR), NPP, and aboveground biomass of winter wheat and maize were mapped in the main growing seasons. Moreover, in this study, we deeply analyzed the seasonal change trends of crops\u2019 biophysical parameters in terms of the NDVI, FPAR, actual light use efficiency (LUE), and their influence on aboveground biomass. Finally, to analyze the uncertainty of the aboveground biomass mapping of crops, we further discussed the inversion differences of FPAR with different vegetation indices. The results demonstrated that the inversion accuracies of the FPAR of the red-edge normalized vegetation index (NDVIred-edge) and red-edge simple ratio vegetation index (SRred-edge) were higher than those of the original CASA model. Compared with the reference data, the accuracy of aboveground biomass estimated by the improved CASA model was 0.73 and 0.70, respectively, which was 0.21 and 0.13 higher than that of the original CASA model. In addition, the analysis of the FPAR inversions of different vegetation indices showed that the inversion accuracies of the red-edge vegetation indices NDVIred-edge and SRred-edge were higher than those of the other vegetation indices, which confirmed that the vegetation indices involving red-edge information can more effectively retrieve FPAR and aboveground biomass of crops.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "NPP", "seasonal variation", "improved CASA", "biomass", "Science", "Q", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "improved CASA; red-edge band; NPP; biomass; seasonal variation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "red-edge band", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/14/2755/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8091249"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8091249", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8091249", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8091249"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8164437", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:20:34Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Dinoflagellate cyst and pollen counts in combination with environmental parameters from the northern Gulf of Mexico", "description": "unspecifiedCounts from dinoflagellate cysts and pollen from 21 surface sediments collected from the northern Gulf of Mexico. The dataset also includes the environmental parameters used for the redundancy analysis in the article. Supplement to: Yedema et al., (2023); Dinoflagellate cyst and pollen assemblages as tracers for marine productivity and river input in the northern Gulf of Mexico (https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-42-257-2023)", "keywords": ["nutrient concentration", "Gulf of Mexico", "NPP", "net primary production", "15. Life on land", "dinoflagellate cyst", "SSS", "SST", "sea surface temperature", "dinocyst", "pollen", "Mississippi river", "14. Life underwater", "sea surface salinity", "palynology", "Atchafalaya river"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yedema, Yord W., Donders, Timme, Peterse, Francien, Sangiorgi, Francesca,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8164437"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8164437", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8164437", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8164437"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/273667", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-19T16:21:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-11", "title": "CO2 evasion from boreal lakes: Revised estimate, drivers of spatial variability, and future projections", "description": "Abstract

Lakes (including reservoirs) are an important component of the global carbon (C) cycle, as acknowledged by the fifth assessment report of the IPCC. In the context of lakes, the boreal region is disproportionately important contributing to 27% of the worldwide lake area, despite representing just 14% of global land surface area. In this study, we used a statistical approach to derive a prediction equation\uffc2\uffa0for the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in lakes as a function of lake area, terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP), and precipitation (r2\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0.56), and to create the first high\uffe2\uff80\uff90resolution, circumboreal map (0.5\uffc2\uffb0) of lake pCO2. The map of\uffc2\uffa0pCO2 was combined with lake area from the recently published GLOWABO database and three different estimates of the gas transfer velocity k to produce a resulting map of CO2 evasion (FCO2). For the boreal region, we estimate an average, lake area weighted, pCO2 of 966 (678\uffe2\uff80\uff931,325) \uffce\uffbcatm and a total\uffc2\uffa0FCO2 of 189 (74\uffe2\uff80\uff93347) Tg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and evaluate the corresponding uncertainties based on Monte Carlo simulation. Our estimate of FCO2 is approximately twofold greater than previous estimates, as a result of methodological and data source differences. We use our results along with published estimates of the other C fluxes through inland waters to derive a C budget for the boreal region, and find that FCO2 from lakes is the most significant flux of the land\uffe2\uff80\uff90ocean aquatic continuum, and of a similar magnitude as emissions from forest fires. Using the model and applying it to spatially resolved projections of terrestrial NPP and precipitation while keeping everything else constant, we predict a 107% increase in boreal lake FCO2 under emission scenario RCP8.5 by 2100. Our projections are largely driven by increases in terrestrial NPP over the same period, showing the very close connection between the terrestrial and aquatic C cycle.

The net primary productivity (NPP) and aboveground biomass mapping of crops based on remote sensing technology are not only conducive to understanding the growth and development of crops but can also be used to monitor timely agricultural information, thereby providing effective decision making for agricultural production management. To solve the saturation problem of the NDVI in the aboveground biomass mapping of crops, the original CASA model was improved using narrow-band red-edge information, which is sensitive to vegetation chlorophyll variation, and the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (FPAR), NPP, and aboveground biomass of winter wheat and maize were mapped in the main growing seasons. Moreover, in this study, we deeply analyzed the seasonal change trends of crops\u2019 biophysical parameters in terms of the NDVI, FPAR, actual light use efficiency (LUE), and their influence on aboveground biomass. Finally, to analyze the uncertainty of the aboveground biomass mapping of crops, we further discussed the inversion differences of FPAR with different vegetation indices. The results demonstrated that the inversion accuracies of the FPAR of the red-edge normalized vegetation index (NDVIred-edge) and red-edge simple ratio vegetation index (SRred-edge) were higher than those of the original CASA model. Compared with the reference data, the accuracy of aboveground biomass estimated by the improved CASA model was 0.73 and 0.70, respectively, which was 0.21 and 0.13 higher than that of the original CASA model. In addition, the analysis of the FPAR inversions of different vegetation indices showed that the inversion accuracies of the red-edge vegetation indices NDVIred-edge and SRred-edge were higher than those of the other vegetation indices, which confirmed that the vegetation indices involving red-edge information can more effectively retrieve FPAR and aboveground biomass of crops.

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