{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1002/jsfa.6206", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:14:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-01", "title": "Effect Of Organic, Conventional And Mixed Cultivation Practices On Soil Microbial Community Structure And Nematode Abundance In A Cultivated Onion Crop", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUND

Responses of the soil microbial and nematode community to organic and conventional agricultural practices were studied using the Teagasc Kinsealy Systems Comparison trial as the experimental system. The trial is a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field experiment which divides conventional and organic agriculture into component pest\uffe2\uff80\uff90control and soil treatment practices. We hypothesised that management practices would affect soil ecology and used community level physiological profiles, microbial and nematode counts, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to characterise soil microbial communities in plots used for onion (Allium cepa L.) cultivation.

RESULTS

Microbial activity and culturable bacterial counts were significantly higher under fully organic management. Culturable fungi, actinomycete and nematode counts showed a consistent trend towards higher numbers under fully organic management but these data were not statistically significant. No differences were found in the fungal/bacterial ratio. DGGE banding patterns and sequencing of excised bands showed clear differences between treatments. Putative onion fungal pathogens were predominantly sequenced under conventional soil treatment practices whilst putative soil suppressive bacterial species were predominantly sequenced from the organic pest\uffe2\uff80\uff90control treatment plots.

CONCLUSION

Organic management increased microbial activity and diversity. Sequence data was indicative of differences in functional groups and warrants further investigation. \uffc2\uffa9 2013 Society of Chemical Industry

", "keywords": ["DNA", " Bacterial", "0301 basic medicine", "Microbial diversity", "Nematoda", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Onions", "Animals", "DNA", " Fungal", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Organic Agriculture", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Fungi", "Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis", "Agriculture", "Biolog Eco-plates", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Community level physiological profile", "Organic agriculture", "0405 other agricultural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.6206"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.6206", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.6206", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.6206"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-012-2331-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:14:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-03", "title": "Legacy Effects Of Drought On Plant Growth And The Soil Food Web", "description": "Soils deliver important ecosystem services, such as nutrient provision for plants and the storage of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), which are greatly impacted by drought. Both plants and soil biota affect soil C and N availability, which might in turn affect their response to drought, offering the potential to feed back on each other's performance. In a greenhouse experiment, we compared legacy effects of repeated drought on plant growth and the soil food web in two contrasting land-use systems: extensively managed grassland, rich in C and with a fungal-based food web, and intensively managed wheat lower in C and with a bacterial-based food web. Moreover, we assessed the effect of plant presence on the recovery of the soil food web after drought. Drought legacy effects increased plant growth in both systems, and a plant strongly reduced N leaching. Fungi, bacteria, and their predators were more resilient after drought in the grassland soil than in the wheat soil. The presence of a plant strongly affected the composition of the soil food web, and alleviated the effects of drought for most trophic groups, regardless of the system. This effect was stronger for the bottom trophic levels, whose resilience was positively correlated to soil available C. Our results show that plant belowground inputs have the potential to affect the recovery of belowground communities after drought, with implications for the functions they perform, such as C and N cycling.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "Food Chain", "Nematoda", "Nitrogen", "577", "Biological Availability", "Plant Development", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "Soil fauna", "Soil", "Animals", "Herbivory", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Triticum", "2. Zero hunger", "Bacteria", "Fungi", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "England", "13. Climate action", "Wheat"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-012-2331-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-012-2331-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-012-2331-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-012-2331-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10646-012-0988-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:14:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-25", "title": "Nematodes As Bioindicators Of Soil Degradation Due To Heavy Metals", "description": "The effect of distance from a heavy metal pollution source on the soil nematode community was investigated on four sampling sites along an 4 km transect originating at the Kovohuty a.s. Krompachy (pollution source). The soil nematode communities were exposed to heavy metal influence directly and through soil properties changes. We quantified the relative effects of total and mobile fraction of metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn) on soil ecosystem using the nematode community structure (trophic and c-p groups,) and ecological indices (Richness of genera, H', MI2-5, etc.). Pollution effects on the community structure of soil free living nematodes was found to be the highest near the pollution source, with relatively low population density and domination of insensitive taxa. A decrease in heavy metals contents along the transect was linked with an increase in complexity of nematode community. The majority of used indices (MI2-5, SI, H') negatively correlated (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) with heavy metals content and were sensitive to soil ecosystem disturbance. Contamination by heavy metals has negatively affected the soil environment, which resulted in nematode community structure and ecological indices changes. Results showed that the free-living nematodes are useful tools for bioindication of contamination and could be used as an alternative to the common approaches based on chemical methods.", "keywords": ["Population Density", "Slovakia", "Nematoda", "Industrial Waste", "Environmental Exposure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biota", "01 natural sciences", "Mass Spectrometry", "13. Climate action", "Metals", " Heavy", "Metallurgy", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-012-0988-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10646-012-0988-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10646-012-0988-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10646-012-0988-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s40265-021-01505-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-30", "title": "Preclinical and Clinical Characteristics of the Trichuricidal Drug Oxantel Pamoate and Clinical Development Plans: A Review", "description": "Soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura) infect about one-fifth of the world's population. The currently available drugs are all highly efficacious against A. lumbricoides. However, they are only moderately efficacious against hookworm and poorly efficacious against T. trichiura. Oxantel, a tetrahydropyrimidine derivative discovered in the 1970s, has recently been brought back to our attention given its high efficacy against T. trichiura infections (estimated 76% cure rate and 85% egg reduction rate at a 20 mg/kg dose). This review summarizes the current knowledge on oxantel pamoate and its use against T. trichiura infections in humans. Oxantel pamoate acts locally in the human gastrointestinal tract and binds to the parasite's nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), leading to a spastic paralysis of the worm and subsequent expulsion. The drug is metabolically stable, shows low permeability and low systemic bioavailability after oral use. Oxantel pamoate was found to be safe in humans, with only a few mild adverse events reported. Several clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of this drug against T. trichiura\u00a0and suggest that oxantel pamoate is more efficacious against T. trichiura than the currently recommended drugs, which makes it a strong asset to the depleted drug armamentarium and could help delay or even prevent the development of resistance to existing drugs. We highlight existing data to support the use of oxantel pamoate against T. trichiura infections.", "keywords": ["Hookworm Infections", "03 medical and health sciences", "Trichuris", "0302 clinical medicine", "Dose-Response Relationship", " Drug", "Antinematodal Agents", "Pyrantel Pamoate", "Animals", "Humans", "Drug Interactions", "Review Article", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40265-021-01505-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s40265-021-01505-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Drugs", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s40265-021-01505-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s40265-021-01505-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s40265-021-01505-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2004.12.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-19", "title": "The Impact Of The Almalyk Industrial Complex On Soil Chemical And Biological Properties", "description": "The effect of heavy metals on soil free-living nematodes, microbial biomass (C mic) and basal respiration (BR) was studied along a 15 km downwind deposition gradient, originating at the Almalyk Industrial Complex. Soil samples from 0-10 and 10-20 cm layers were collected at 5 km intervals. A significant decrease in heavy metal deposition was found going from the source in the downwind direction and with depth. The soil microbial biomass, basal respiration and derived microbial indices for soil samples from the Almalyk industrial area were analysed. The lowest soil microbial biomass and total number of free-living nematodes were found in soil samples near the industrial complex, with a high heavy metal and weak total organic carbon (C org) content. The highest C mic was found in the soil samples collected 15 km from the pollution source. BR displayed similar results. The derived indices, metabolic quotient (qCO2) and microbial ratio (C mic/C org), revealed significant differences with distance, confirming environmental stress in the first and second locations. The present study elucidates the importance of soil nematode and microbial populations as suitable tools for bio-monitoring the effect of heavy metals on soil systems.", "keywords": ["Nematoda", "Wind", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Metals", " Heavy", "Animals", "Industry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Israel", "Environmental Pollution", "Soil Microbiology", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.12.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2004.12.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2004.12.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2004.12.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.0c04641", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:17:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-14", "title": "Effects of Different Microplastics on Nematodes in the Soil Environment: Tracking the Extractable Additives Using an Ecotoxicological Approach", "description": "ABSTRACT

With an increasing interest in the effects of microplastic in the soil environment, there is a need to thoroughly evaluate potential adverse effects of these particles as a function of their characteristics (size, shape, and composition). In addition, extractable chemical additives from microplastic have been identified as an important toxicity pathway in the aquatic environment. However, we currently know little about effects of such additives in the soil environment. In this study on nematodes (Caenorhabditis elegans), we adopted an ecotoxicological approach to assess the potential effects of thirteen different microplastics with different characteristics and extractable additives. We found that toxic effects appear to increase in the order of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film < polypropylene (PP) fragments < high-density polyethylene (HDPE) fragments \uffe2\uff89\uff88 polystyrene (PS) fragments < polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragments \uffe2\uff89\uff88 polyacrylicnitrile (PAN) fibers. Acute toxicity was mainly attributed to the extractable additives: when the additives were extracted, the toxic effects of each microplastic disappeared in the acute soil toxicity test. The harmful effects of LDPE film and PAN fibers increased when the microplastics were maintained in soil for a long-term period with frequent wet-dry cycles. We here provide clear evidence that microplastic toxicity in the soil is highly related to particle characteristics and extractable additives. Our results suggest that future experiments consider extractable additives as a key explanatory variable.

Abstract art/Table of conten", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Nematoda", "13. Climate action", "Microplastics", "Animals", "15. Life on land", "Ecotoxicology", "Plastics", "01 natural sciences", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.0c04641"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c04641"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.0c04641", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.0c04641", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.0c04641"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1056/nejmoa2212825", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-17", "title": "Emodepside for Trichuris trichiura and Hookworm Infection", "description": "Current treatments for soil-transmitted helminth infections in humans have low efficacy against Trichuris trichiura. Emodepside - a drug in veterinary use and under development for the treatment of onchocerciasis in humans - is a leading therapeutic candidate for soil-transmitted helminth infection.We conducted two phase 2a, dose-ranging, randomized, controlled trials to evaluate the efficacy and safety of emodepside against T. trichiura and hookworm infections. We randomly assigned, in equal numbers, adults 18 to 45 years of age in whom T. trichiura or hookworm eggs had been detected in stool samples to receive emodepside, at a single oral dose of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30 mg; albendazole, at a single oral dose of 400 mg; or placebo. The primary outcome was the percentage of participants who were cured of T. trichiura or hookworm infection (the cure rate) with emodepside 14 to 21 days after treatment, determined with the use of the Kato-Katz thick-smear technique. Safety was assessed 3, 24, and 48 hours after the receipt of treatment or placebo.A total of 266 persons were enrolled in the T. trichiura trial and 176 in the hookworm trial. The predicted cure rate against T. trichiura in the 5-mg emodepside group (85% [95% confidence interval {CI}, 69 to 93]; 25 of 30 participants) was higher than the predicted cure rate in the placebo group (10% [95% CI, 3 to 26]; 3 of 31 participants) and the observed cure rate in the albendazole group (17% [95% CI, 6 to 35]; 5 of 30 participants). A dose-dependent relationship was shown in participants with hookworm: the observed cure rate was 32% (95% CI, 13 to 57; 6 of 19 participants) in the 5-mg emodepside group and 95% (95% CI, 74 to 99.9; 18 of 19 participants) in the 30-mg emodepside group; the observed cure rates were 14% (95% CI, 3 to 36; 3 of 21 participants) in the placebo group and 70% (95% CI, 46 to 88; 14 of 20 participants) in the albendazole group. In the emodepside groups, headache, blurred vision, and dizziness were the most commonly reported adverse events 3 and 24 hours after treatment; the incidence of events generally increased in a dose-dependent fashion. Most adverse events were mild in severity and were self-limited; there were few moderate and no serious adverse events.Emodepside showed activity against T. trichiura and hookworm infections. (Funded by the European Research Council; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05017194.).", "keywords": ["Adult", "Dose-Response Relationship", " Drug", "Antinematodal Agents", "Administration", " Oral", "Middle Aged", "Albendazole", "16. Peace & justice", "3. Good health", "03 medical and health sciences", "Feces", "Hookworm Infections", "Soil", "Young Adult", "0302 clinical medicine", "Trichuris", "Depsipeptides", "Animals", "Humans", "Trichuriasis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2212825"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20England%20Journal%20of%20Medicine", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1056/nejmoa2212825", "name": "item", "description": "10.1056/nejmoa2212825", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1056/nejmoa2212825"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2656.12660", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-22", "title": "Nitrogen deposition cancels out exotic earthworm effects on plant-feeding nematode communities", "description": "Summary

The activity and spread of exotic earthworms often are spatially correlated with N deposition because both arise from human activities. Exotic earthworms, in turn, can also greatly affect soil abiotic and biotic properties, as well as related ecological processes. Previous studies showed, for example, that earthworms can counteract the detrimental effects of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding nematodes on plant growth. However, potential interactive effects of N deposition and exotic earthworms on ecosystems are poorly understood.

We explored the changes in density of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding nematodes in response to the presence of exotic earthworms, and whether these changes are altered by elevated N deposition in a two\uffe2\uff80\uff90factorial field mesocosm experiment at the Heshan National Field Research Station of Forest Ecosystem, in southern China.

Our results show that earthworm addition marginally significantly increased the density of exotic earthworms and significantly increased the mass of earthworm casts. The total density of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding nematodes was not significantly affected by exotic earthworms or N deposition. However, exotic earthworms tended to increase the density of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding nematode taxa that are less detrimental to plant growth (r\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategists), while they significantly reduced the density of more harmful plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding nematodes (K\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategists). Importantly, these earthworm effects were restricted to the ambient N deposition treatment, and elevated N deposition cancelled out the earthworm effect. Although exotic earthworms and N deposition interactively altered foliar N\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0P ratio in the target tree species, this did not result in significant changes in shoot and root biomass in the short term.

Overall, our study indicates that N deposition can cancel out exotic earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced reductions in the density of harmful plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90feeding nematodes. These results suggest that anthropogenic N deposition can alter biotic interactions between exotic and native soil organisms with potential implications for ecosystem functioning.

", "keywords": ["China", "Soil", "Climate Ecology", "Nematoda", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "Animals", "Oligochaeta", "15. Life on land", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/1365-2656.12660/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12660"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Animal%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2656.12660", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2656.12660", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2656.12660"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/jzo.12832", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:18:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-20", "title": "A hole in the nematosphere: tardigrades and rotifers dominate the cryoconite hole environment, whereas nematodes are missing", "description": "Abstract

The worldwide distribution of microinvertebrates on glaciers, the coldest biome, is poorly known. Owing to their tolerance to hostile conditions, small size and dispersal abilities, nematodes, tardigrades and rotifers are considered cosmopolitan and together inhabit various ecosystems. In this study, we investigated their global distribution in cryoconite holes \uffe2\uff80\uff93 a type of freshwater reservoir forming directly in the glacial ice that creates biodiversity hotspots on glaciers. We analysed cryoconite samples (using classical microscopic observations and environmental DNA metabarcoding) from 42 glaciers located around the world (the Arctic, Subarctic, Scandinavia, the Alps, the Caucasus, Siberia, Central Asia, Africa, South America and Antarctica), as well as using literature data. Samples from Antarctic, Karakoram and the Alps were analysed using next\uffe2\uff80\uff90generation sequencing (NGS) and classical observations under microscopes, while all other samples were analysed by microscope alone. Three general outcomes were found: (1) tardigrades and rotifers represented the most common invertebrates in cryoconite holes; (2) tardigrades and rotifers often coexisted together, with one or the other dominating, but the dominant taxon varied by region or by glacier; (3) nematodes \uffe2\uff80\uff93 the most abundant, hyperdiverse and widespread metazoans on Earth, including in environments surrounding and seeding glacial surfaces \uffe2\uff80\uff93 were consistently absent from cryoconite holes. Despite the general similarity of environmental conditions in cryoconite holes, the distribution of tardigrades and rotifers differed among glaciers, but not in any predictable way, suggesting that their distribution mostly depended on the random dispersal, extreme changes of supraglacial zone or competition. Although nematodes have been found in supraglacial habitats, cryoconite hole environments seem not to provide the necessary conditions for their growth and reproduction. Lack of physiological adaptations to permanently low temperatures (~0\uffc2\uffb0C) and competition for different food resources in the cryoconite hole environment may explain the absence of nematodes in cryoconite holes.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "550", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "500", "distribution; ecological selection; extremophiles; glaciers; Nematoda; psychrophiles; Rotifera; Tardigrada;", "15. Life on land", "ecological selection; extremophiles; distribution; glaciers; Nematoda; psychrophiles; Rotifera; Tardigrada"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/793600/4/Zawierucha%202020%20J%20Zool%20submitted%20manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/793600/5/jzo.12832.pdf"}, {"href": "https://zslpublications.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jzo.12832"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12832"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Zoology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/jzo.12832", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/jzo.12832", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/jzo.12832"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/mec.15270", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:18:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-16", "title": "Reduced tillage, but not organic matter input, increased nematode diversity and food web stability in European long\u2010term field experiments", "description": "Abstract

Soil nematode communities and food web indices can inform about the complexity, nutrient flows and decomposition pathways of soil food webs, reflecting soil quality. Relative abundance of nematode feeding and life\uffe2\uff80\uff90history groups are used for calculating food web indices, i.e., maturity index (MI), enrichment index (EI), structure index (SI) and channel index (CI). Molecular methods to study nematode communities potentially offer advantages compared to traditional methods in terms of resolution, throughput, cost and time. In spite of such advantages, molecular data have not often been adopted so far to assess the effects of soil management on nematode communities and to calculate these food web indices. Here, we used high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput amplicon sequencing to investigate the effects of tillage (conventional vs. reduced) and organic matter addition (low vs. high) on nematode communities and food web indices in 10 European long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field experiments and we assessed the relationship between nematode communities and soil parameters. We found that nematode communities were more strongly affected by tillage than by organic matter addition. Compared to conventional tillage, reduced tillage increased nematode diversity (23% higher Shannon diversity index), nematode community stability (12% higher MI), structure (24% higher SI), and the fungal decomposition channel (59% higher CI), and also the number of herbivorous nematodes (70% higher). Total and labile organic carbon, available K and microbial parameters explained nematode community structure. Our findings show that nematode communities are sensitive indicators of soil quality and that molecular profiling of nematode communities has the potential to reveal the effects of soil management on soil quality.Unlike plants and vertebrates, the ecological preferences, and potential vulnerabilities of soil invertebrates to environmental change, remain poorly understood in terrestrial ecosystems globally. We conducted a cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90biome survey including 83 locations across six continents to advance our understanding of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity of dominant and functionally important soil invertebrate taxa, including nematodes, arachnids and rotifers. The diversity of invertebrates was analyzed through amplicon sequencing. Vegetation and climate drove the diversity and dominant taxa of soil invertebrates. Our results suggest that declines in forest cover and plant diversity, and reductions in plant production associated with increases in aridity, can result in reductions of the diversity of soil invertebrates in a drier and more managed world. We further developed global atlases of the diversity of these important soil invertebrates, which were cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90validated using an independent database. Our study advances the current knowledge of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity and presence of functionally important soil invertebrates in soils from across the globe. This information is fundamental for improving and prioritizing conservation efforts of soil genetic resources and management policies.Climate warming reduces biodiversity in simpler environments but enhances it in complex environments.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Nematoda", "Climate", "Biodiversity", "Environment", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Animals", "DNA Barcoding", " Taxonomic", "Biomass", "14. Life underwater", "Research Articles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700866"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.1700866", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.1700866", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.1700866"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0060441", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-27", "title": "Nitrogen Addition And Warming Independently Influence The Belowground Micro-Food Web In A Temperate Steppe", "description": "Climate warming and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition are known to influence ecosystem structure and functioning. However, our understanding of the interactive effect of these global changes on ecosystem functioning is relatively limited, especially when it concerns the responses of soils and soil organisms. We conducted a field experiment to study the interactive effects of warming and N addition on soil food web. The experiment was established in 2006 in a temperate steppe in northern China. After three to four years (2009-2010), we found that N addition positively affected microbial biomass and negatively influenced trophic group and ecological indices of soil nematodes. However, the warming effects were less obvious, only fungal PLFA showed a decreasing trend under warming. Interestingly, the influence of N addition did not depend on warming. Structural equation modeling analysis suggested that the direct pathway between N addition and soil food web components were more important than the indirect connections through alterations in soil abiotic characters or plant growth. Nitrogen enrichment also affected the soil nematode community indirectly through changes in soil pH and PLFA. We conclude that experimental warming influenced soil food web components of the temperate steppe less than N addition, and there was little influence of warming on N addition effects under these experimental conditions.", "keywords": ["China", "Food Chain", "Nematoda", "Nitrogen", "Science", "deposition", "Models", " Biological", "northern china", "Soil", "soil nematodes", "Animals", "Biomass", "organic-matter", "global change", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "elevated co2", "Analysis of Variance", "species composition", "Q", "R", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "international", "climate-change manipulations", "plant-communities", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "community structure", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0060441"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0060441", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0060441", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371%2fjournal.pone.0060441"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0060441", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-27", "title": "Nitrogen Addition And Warming Independently Influence The Belowground Micro-Food Web In A Temperate Steppe", "description": "Climate warming and atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition are known to influence ecosystem structure and functioning. However, our understanding of the interactive effect of these global changes on ecosystem functioning is relatively limited, especially when it concerns the responses of soils and soil organisms. We conducted a field experiment to study the interactive effects of warming and N addition on soil food web. The experiment was established in 2006 in a temperate steppe in northern China. After three to four years (2009-2010), we found that N addition positively affected microbial biomass and negatively influenced trophic group and ecological indices of soil nematodes. However, the warming effects were less obvious, only fungal PLFA showed a decreasing trend under warming. Interestingly, the influence of N addition did not depend on warming. Structural equation modeling analysis suggested that the direct pathway between N addition and soil food web components were more important than the indirect connections through alterations in soil abiotic characters or plant growth. Nitrogen enrichment also affected the soil nematode community indirectly through changes in soil pH and PLFA. We conclude that experimental warming influenced soil food web components of the temperate steppe less than N addition, and there was little influence of warming on N addition effects under these experimental conditions.", "keywords": ["China", "Food Chain", "Nematoda", "Nitrogen", "Science", "deposition", "Models", " Biological", "northern china", "Soil", "soil nematodes", "Animals", "Biomass", "organic-matter", "global change", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "elevated co2", "Analysis of Variance", "species composition", "Q", "R", "Temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "international", "climate-change manipulations", "plant-communities", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "community structure", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060441"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0060441", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0060441", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0060441"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0082468", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-06", "title": "Soil Nematode Responses To Increases In Nitrogen Deposition And Precipitation In A Temperate Forest", "description": "The environmental changes arising from nitrogen (N) deposition and precipitation influence soil ecological processes in forest ecosystems. However, the corresponding effects of environmental changes on soil biota are poorly known. Soil nematodes are the important bioindicator of soil environmental change, and their responses play a key role in the feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. Therefore, to explore the responsive mechanisms of soil biota to N deposition and precipitation, soil nematode communities were studied after 3 years of environmental changes by water and/or N addition in a temperate forest of Changbai Mountain, Northeast China. The results showed that water combined with N addition treatment decreased the total nematode abundance in the organic horizon (O), while the opposite trend was found in the mineral horizon (A). Significant reductions in the abundances of fungivores, plant-parasites and omnivores-predators were also found in the water combined with N addition treatment. The significant effect of water interacted with N on the total nematode abundance and trophic groups indicated that the impacts of N on soil nematode communities were mediated by water availability. The synergistic effect of precipitation and N deposition on soil nematode communities was stronger than each effect alone. Structural equation modeling suggested water and N additions had direct effects on soil nematode communities. The feedback of soil nematodes to water and nitrogen addition was highly sensitive and our results indicate that minimal variations in soil properties such as those caused by climate changes can lead to severe changes in soil nematode communities.", "keywords": ["Nematoda", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Q", "R", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Environment", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Trees", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "Research Article"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Guan-Hua Dai, Xiaoming Sun, Shijie Han, Shixiu Zhang, Wenju Liang, Xiaoke Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082468"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0082468", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0082468", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0082468"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1534/g3.119.400716", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-10", "title": "Whole Genome Sequencing and Comparative Genomics of Two Nematicidal Bacillus Strains Reveals a Wide Range of Possible Virulence Factors", "description": "Abstract

Bacillus firmus nematicidal bacterial strains are used to control plant parasitic nematode infestation of crops in agricultural production. Proteases are presumed to be the primary nematode virulence factors in nematicidal B. firmus degrading the nematode cuticle and other organs. We determined and compared the whole genome sequences of two nematicidal strains. Comparative genomics with a particular focus on possible virulence determinants revealed a wider range of possible virulence factors in a B. firmus isolate from a commercial bionematicide and a wild type Bacillus sp. isolate with nematicidal activity. The resulting 4.6 Mb B. firmus I-1582 and 5.3 Mb Bacillus sp. ZZV12-4809 genome assemblies contain respectively 18 and 19 homologs to nematode-virulent proteases, two nematode-virulent chitinase homologs in ZZV12-4809 and 28 and 36 secondary metabolite biosynthetic clusters, projected to encode antibiotics, small peptides, toxins and siderophores. The results of this study point to the genetic capability of B. firmus and related species for nematode virulence through a range of direct and indirect mechanisms.Feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to atmospheric and climate change depend on soil ecosystem dynamics. Soil ecosystems can directly and indirectly respond to climate change. For example, warming directly alters microbial communities by increasing their activity. Climate change may also alter plant community composition, thus indirectly altering the soil communities that depend on their inputs. To better understand how climate change may directly and indirectly alter soil ecosystem functioning, we investigated old\uffe2\uff80\uff90field plant community and soil ecosystem responses to single and combined effects of elevated [CO2], warming, and precipitation in Tennessee (USA). Specifically, we collected soils at the plot level (plant community soils) and beneath dominant plant species (plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific soils). We used microbial enzyme activities and soil nematodes as indicators for soil ecosystem functioning.

Our study resulted in two main findings: (1) Overall, while there were some interactions, water, relative to increases in [CO2] and warming, had the largest impact on plant community composition, soil enzyme activity, and soil nematodes. Multiple climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change factors can interact to shape ecosystems, but in our study, those interactions were largely driven by changes in water. (2) Indirect effects of climate change, via changes in plant communities, had a significant impact on soil ecosystem functioning, and this impact was not obvious when looking at plant community soils. Climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change effects on enzyme activities and soil nematode abundance and community structure strongly differed between plant community soils and plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific soils, but also within plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific soils.

These results indicate that accurate assessments of climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change impacts on soil ecosystem functioning require incorporating the concurrent changes in plant function and plant community composition. Climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced shifts in plant community composition will likely modify or counteract the direct impact of atmospheric and climate change on soil ecosystem functioning, and hence, these indirect effects should be taken into account when predicting the manner in which global change will alter ecosystem functioning.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Bacteria", "Nematoda", "Climate Change", "Fungi", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Enzymes", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0135.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-0135.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-0135.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-0135.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3897/arphapreprints.e101101", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:50Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2023-02-01", "title": "Assessing the diversity and spatial distribution of nematodes in the Store Mosse National Park (Sweden) using metabarcoding", "description": "

Nematode taxa of the Store Mosse National Park in the south of Sweden were surveyed using DNA metabarcoding. Samples were collected from a range of media across all the five vegetation types the park spans. A total of 50 samples consisting of soil, litter, lichens, sphagnum, roots, wood, moss, fungus and anthill materials were analysed. Nematodes were characterised using a ~350 bp region of their 18S ribosomal RNA gene that include V7 and V8 variable domains. The analysis identified 47 families, 76 genera (21 new to Swedish fauna) and 60 species (31 new to Swedish fauna). Some nematodes showed a strong association with certain medium types, especially at the species level. The results showed a strong justification for our strategy of sampling different medium types. Soil and litter communities, which were the most diverse, showed high levels of stability with good balance of all the various trophic and coloniser-persister groups.

", "keywords": ["molecular marker", "litter", "Nematoda", "vegetation", "national park", "15. Life on land", "soil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e101101"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3897/arphapreprints.e101101", "name": "item", "description": "10.3897/arphapreprints.e101101", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3897/arphapreprints.e101101"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3897/zse.100.128096", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-25", "title": "Oleaxonchium olearum gen. et sp. nov. (Nematoda, Dorylaimida) associated with an olive grove in the southern Iberian Peninsula, and new insights into the evolutionary relationships within Belondiridae", "description": "

A new belondirid, dorylaimid taxon, Oleaxonchium olearumgen. et sp. nov., collected from an olive grove in the Andalusia region of Spain, is characterised, including its morphological description, morphometrics, SEM study, and molecular (18S-, 28S-rDNA) analyses. The new genus displays a unique combination of traits that distinguishes it from its closest genera: a rectangular lip region with sclerotized margins when observed in lateral view and visibly hexagonal in face view under SEM; a comparatively long cheilostom with thickened walls at its anterior part; a short isthmus-like section separating both pharyngeal regions; a mono-opistho-ovarian didelphic female genital system without pars refringens vaginae; and a short and rounded tail. The new species is characterised by its 2.44\uffe2\uff80\uff932.87 mm long body, lip region 7\uffe2\uff80\uff937.5 \uffc2\uffb5m wide, odontostyle 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9310.5 \uffc2\uffb5m long, neck 723\uffe2\uff80\uff93973 \uffc2\uffb5m long, pharyngeal expansion occupying 63\uffe2\uff80\uff9372% of the total neck length, female anterior genital branch 4\uffe2\uff80\uff936% of body length, tripartite posterior uterus 1.9\uffe2\uff80\uff932.6 body diameters long, with a short intermediate section bearing sclerotized elements, vulva (V = 58\uffe2\uff80\uff9361) a transverse slit, caudal region 29\uffe2\uff80\uff9335 \uffc2\uffb5m long (c = 74\uffe2\uff80\uff9389, c\uffe2\uff80\uff99 = 0.9\uffe2\uff80\uff931.1), and male unknown. As derived from an integrative approach combining morphological and molecular data, the new genus is close to Metaxonchium, the polyphyly of Belondiridae is confirmed, and support is provided in favour of the monophyly of Axonchiinae.Soil nematode communities and food web indices can inform about the complexity, nutrient flows and decomposition pathways of soil food webs, reflecting soil quality. Relative abundance of nematode feeding and life\uffe2\uff80\uff90history groups are used for calculating food web indices, i.e., maturity index (MI), enrichment index (EI), structure index (SI) and channel index (CI). Molecular methods to study nematode communities potentially offer advantages compared to traditional methods in terms of resolution, throughput, cost and time. In spite of such advantages, molecular data have not often been adopted so far to assess the effects of soil management on nematode communities and to calculate these food web indices. Here, we used high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput amplicon sequencing to investigate the effects of tillage (conventional vs. reduced) and organic matter addition (low vs. high) on nematode communities and food web indices in 10 European long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field experiments and we assessed the relationship between nematode communities and soil parameters. We found that nematode communities were more strongly affected by tillage than by organic matter addition. Compared to conventional tillage, reduced tillage increased nematode diversity (23% higher Shannon diversity index), nematode community stability (12% higher MI), structure (24% higher SI), and the fungal decomposition channel (59% higher CI), and also the number of herbivorous nematodes (70% higher). Total and labile organic carbon, available K and microbial parameters explained nematode community structure. Our findings show that nematode communities are sensitive indicators of soil quality and that molecular profiling of nematode communities has the potential to reveal the effects of soil management on soil quality.

", "keywords": ["Food Chain", "Nematoda", "Environmental aspects", "long-term field experiments", "Nematode communities", "Soil quality", "Long-term field experiments", "Tillage", "Soil", "Animals", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Amplicon sequencing", "organic matter addition", "2. Zero hunger", "nematode communities", "Food web indices", "amplicon sequencing", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil tillage", "Europe", "tillage", "Organic matter addition", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "food web indices", "ORIGINAL ARTICLES", "Amplicon sequencing; Food web indices; Long-term field experiments; Nematode communities; Organic matter addition; Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000377318"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Molecular%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3929/ethz-b-000377318", "name": "item", "description": "10.3929/ethz-b-000377318", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3929/ethz-b-000377318"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11850/377318", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:24:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-16", "title": "Reduced tillage, but not organic matter input, increased nematode diversity and food web stability in European long\u2010term field experiments", "description": "Abstract

Soil nematode communities and food web indices can inform about the complexity, nutrient flows and decomposition pathways of soil food webs, reflecting soil quality. Relative abundance of nematode feeding and life\uffe2\uff80\uff90history groups are used for calculating food web indices, i.e., maturity index (MI), enrichment index (EI), structure index (SI) and channel index (CI). Molecular methods to study nematode communities potentially offer advantages compared to traditional methods in terms of resolution, throughput, cost and time. In spite of such advantages, molecular data have not often been adopted so far to assess the effects of soil management on nematode communities and to calculate these food web indices. Here, we used high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput amplicon sequencing to investigate the effects of tillage (conventional vs. reduced) and organic matter addition (low vs. high) on nematode communities and food web indices in 10 European long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term field experiments and we assessed the relationship between nematode communities and soil parameters. We found that nematode communities were more strongly affected by tillage than by organic matter addition. Compared to conventional tillage, reduced tillage increased nematode diversity (23% higher Shannon diversity index), nematode community stability (12% higher MI), structure (24% higher SI), and the fungal decomposition channel (59% higher CI), and also the number of herbivorous nematodes (70% higher). Total and labile organic carbon, available K and microbial parameters explained nematode community structure. Our findings show that nematode communities are sensitive indicators of soil quality and that molecular profiling of nematode communities has the potential to reveal the effects of soil management on soil quality.Unlike plants and vertebrates, the ecological preferences, and potential vulnerabilities of soil invertebrates to environmental change, remain poorly understood in terrestrial ecosystems globally. We conducted a cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90biome survey including 83 locations across six continents to advance our understanding of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity of dominant and functionally important soil invertebrate taxa, including nematodes, arachnids and rotifers. The diversity of invertebrates was analyzed through amplicon sequencing. Vegetation and climate drove the diversity and dominant taxa of soil invertebrates. Our results suggest that declines in forest cover and plant diversity, and reductions in plant production associated with increases in aridity, can result in reductions of the diversity of soil invertebrates in a drier and more managed world. We further developed global atlases of the diversity of these important soil invertebrates, which were cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90validated using an independent database. Our study advances the current knowledge of the ecological preferences and vulnerabilities of the diversity and presence of functionally important soil invertebrates in soils from across the globe. This information is fundamental for improving and prioritizing conservation efforts of soil genetic resources and management policies.Bacillus firmus nematicidal bacterial strains are used to control plant parasitic nematode infestation of crops in agricultural production. Proteases are presumed to be the primary nematode virulence factors in nematicidal B. firmus degrading the nematode cuticle and other organs. We determined and compared the whole genome sequences of two nematicidal strains. Comparative genomics with a particular focus on possible virulence determinants revealed a wider range of possible virulence factors in a B. firmus isolate from a commercial bionematicide and a wild type Bacillus sp. isolate with nematicidal activity. The resulting 4.6 Mb B. firmus I-1582 and 5.3 Mb Bacillus sp. ZZV12-4809 genome assemblies contain respectively 18 and 19 homologs to nematode-virulent proteases, two nematode-virulent chitinase homologs in ZZV12-4809 and 28 and 36 secondary metabolite biosynthetic clusters, projected to encode antibiotics, small peptides, toxins and siderophores. The results of this study point to the genetic capability of B. firmus and related species for nematode virulence through a range of direct and indirect mechanisms.Bacillus firmus nematicidal bacterial strains are used to control plant parasitic nematode infestation of crops in agricultural production. Proteases are presumed to be the primary nematode virulence factors in nematicidal B. firmus degrading the nematode cuticle and other organs. We determined and compared the whole genome sequences of two nematicidal strains. Comparative genomics with a particular focus on possible virulence determinants revealed a wider range of possible virulence factors in a B. firmus isolate from a commercial bionematicide and a wild type Bacillus sp. isolate with nematicidal activity. The resulting 4.6 Mb B. firmus I-1582 and 5.3 Mb Bacillus sp. ZZV12-4809 genome assemblies contain respectively 18 and 19 homologs to nematode-virulent proteases, two nematode-virulent chitinase homologs in ZZV12-4809 and 28 and 36 secondary metabolite biosynthetic clusters, projected to encode antibiotics, small peptides, toxins and siderophores. The results of this study point to the genetic capability of B. firmus and related species for nematode virulence through a range of direct and indirect mechanisms.