Ecosystems often show differential sensitivity to chronic nitrogen (N) deposition; hence, a critical challenge is to improve our understanding of how and why site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific factors mediate biogeochemical responses to N enrichment. We examined the extent to which N impacts on soil carbon (C) and N dynamics depend on microbial resource stoichiometry. We added N to forest plots dominated by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) trees, which have litter and soil pools rich in organic N and relatively wide C:N ratios, and adjacent forest plots dominated by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees, which have litter and soil pools rich in inorganic N and relatively narrow C:N ratios. While microbes in both plot types exhibited fairly strict biomass homeostasis, microbes in AM\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and ECM\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated plots differed in their physiological responses to N addition. Microbes in ECM plots responded to N enrichment by decreasing their investment in N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition enzymes (relative to C\uffe2\uff80\uff90acquisition enzymes) and increasing N mineralization rates (relative to C mineralization rates), suggesting that N addition alleviated microbial N demand. In contrast, heterotrophic microbial activities in AM plots were unaffected by N addition, most likely as a result of N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced increases in net nitrification (60% increase relative to control plots) and nitrate mobilization (e.g., sixfold increases in mobilization relative to control plots). Combined, our findings suggest the stoichiometric differences between AM and ECM soils are the primary drivers of the observed responses. Plant and microbial communities characterized by wide C:N are more susceptible to N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in decomposition and soil C dynamics, whereas communities characterized by narrow C:N are more susceptible to N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced nitrate leaching losses. Hence, the biogeochemical consequences of N deposition in temperate forests may be driven by the stoichiometry of the dominant trees and their associated microbes.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "Mycorrhizae", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1595"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ecy.1595", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ecy.1595", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ecy.1595"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.4349", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-29", "title": "Efficiency Of Urease And Nitrification Inhibitors In Reducing Ammonia Volatilization From Diverse Nitrogen Fertilizers Applied To Different Soil Types And Wheat Straw Mulching", "description": "Some authors suggest that the absence of tillage in agricultural soils might have an influence on the efficiency of nitrogen applied in the soil surface. In this study we investigate the influence of no-tillage and soil characteristics on the efficiency of a urease inhibitor (N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide, NBPT) and a nitrification inhibitor (diciandiamide, DCD) in decreasing ammonia volatilization from urea and ammonium nitrate (AN), respectively.The results indicate that ammonia volatilization in soils amended with urea was significantly higher than in those fertilized with AN. Likewise, the main soil factors affecting ammonia volatilization from urea are clay and sand soil contents. While clay impedes ammonia volatilization, sand favours it. The presence of organic residues on soil surface (no-tillage) tends to increase ammonia volatilization from urea, although this fact depended on soil type. The presence of NBPT in urea fertilizer significantly reduced soil ammonia volatilization. This action of NBPT was negatively affected by acid soil pH and favoured by soil clay content.The presence of organic residues on soil surface amended with urea increased ammonia volatilization, and was particularly high in sandy compared with clay soils. Application of NBPT reduced ammonia volatilization although its efficiency is reduced in acid soils. Concerning AN fertilization, there were no differences in ammonia volatilization with or without DCD in no-tillage soils.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Plant Stems", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Silicon Dioxide", "Nitrification", "Urease", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Organophosphorus Compounds", "Ammonia", "Clay", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Aluminum Silicates", "Enzyme Inhibitors", "Volatilization", "Fertilizers", "Humic Substances", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4349"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.4349", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.4349", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.4349"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-03-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00425-017-2647-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-04", "title": "The cost of surviving nitrogen excess: energy and protein demand in the lichen Cladonia portentosa as revealed by proteomic analysis", "description": "Different nitrogen forms affect different metabolic pathways in lichens. In particular, the most relevant changes in protein expression were observed in the fungal partner, with NO 3- mostly affecting the energetic metabolism and NH 4+ affecting transport and regulation of proteins and the energetic metabolism much more than NO 3- did. Excess deposition of reactive nitrogen is a well-known agent of stress for lichens, but which symbiont is most affected and how, remains a mystery. Using proteomics can expand our understanding of stress effects on lichens. We investigated the effects of different doses and forms of reactive nitrogen, with and without supplementary phosphorus and potassium, on the proteome of the lichen Cladonia portentosa growing in a 'real-world' simulation of nitrogen deposition. Protein expression changed with the nitrogen treatments but mostly in the fungal partner, with NO3- mainly affecting the energetic metabolism and NH4+ also affecting the protein synthesis machinery. The photobiont mainly responded overexpressing proteins involved in energy production. This suggests that in response to nitrogen stress, the photobiont mainly supports the defensive mechanisms initiated by the mycobiont with an increased energy production. Such surplus energy is then used by the cell to maintain functionality in the presence of NO3-, while a futile cycle of protein production can be hypothesized to be induced by NH4+ excess. External supply of potassium and phosphorus influenced differently the responses of particular enzymes, likely reflecting the many processes in which potassium exerts a regulatory function.", "keywords": ["Chlorophyll", "Proteomics", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "mycobiont", "Lichens", "Nitrogen", "Cell Respiration", "Nitrate", "Mass Spectrometry", "Molecular mechanism", "03 medical and health sciences", "nitrate", "Ammonia", "Electrophoresis", " Gel", " Two-Dimensional", "Photosynthesis", "Ammonium", " Molecular mechanism", " Mycobiont", " Nitrate", " Photobiont", " Stress response", "Ammonium; Molecular mechanism; Mycobiont; Nitrate; Photobiont; Stress response; Genetics; Plant Science", "0303 health sciences", "Nitrates", "Stress response", "Chlorophyll A", "stress response", "Mycobiont", "ammonium", "Photobiont", "photobiont", "molecular mechanism", "Energy Metabolism", "Ammonium"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00425-017-2647-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-017-2647-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Planta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00425-017-2647-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00425-017-2647-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00425-017-2647-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-005-0109-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-07-07", "title": "Plant N Capture From Pulses: Effects Of Pulse Size, Growth Rate, And Other Soil Resources", "description": "In arid ecosystems, the ability to rapidly capture nitrogen (N) from brief pulses is expected to influence plant growth, survival, and competitive ability. Theory and data suggest that N capture from pulses should depend on plant growth rate and availability of other limiting resources. Theory also predicts trade-offs in plant stress tolerance and ability to capture N from different size pulses. We injected K15NO3, to simulate small and large N pulses at three different times during the growing season into soil around the co-dominant Great Basin species Sarcobatus vermiculatus, Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. consimilis, and Distichlis spicata. Soils were amended with water and P in a partial factorial design. As predicted, all study species showed a comparable decline in N capture from large pulses through the season as growth rates slowed. Surprisingly, however, water and P availability differentially influenced the ability of these species to capture N from pulses. Distichlis N capture increased up to tenfold with water addition while Chrysothamnus N capture increased up to threefold with P addition. Sarcobatus N capture was not affected by water or P availability. Opposite to our prediction, Sarcobatus, the most stress tolerant species, captured less N from small pulses but more N from large pulses relative to the other species. These observations suggest that variation in N pulse timing and size can interact with variable soil water and P supply to determine how N is partitioned among co-existing Great Basin species.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Nitrates", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Nitrogen", "Potassium Compounds", "Water", "Phosphorus", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "California", "Plant Leaves", "Magnoliopsida", "Soil", "Seasons", "Plant Shoots"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jeremy J. James, James H. Richards,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-005-0109-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-005-0109-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-005-0109-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-005-0109-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-07-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-018-6700-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-06", "title": "Improving nitrate load estimates in an agricultural catchment using Event Response Reconstruction", "description": "Low-frequency grab sampling cannot capture fine dynamics of stream solute concentrations, which results in large uncertainties in load estimates. The recent development of high-frequency sensors has enabled monitoring solute concentrations at sub-hourly time scales. This study aimed to improve nitrate (NO3) load estimates using high-resolution records (15-min time interval) from optical sensors to capture the typical concentration response to storm events. An empirical model was developed to reconstruct NO3 concentrations during storm events in a 100-km2 agricultural catchment in Germany. Two years (Jan 2002 to Dec 2002 and Oct 2005 to Sep 2006) of high-frequency measurements of NO3 concentrations, discharge and precipitation were used. An Event Response Reconstruction (ERR) model was developed using NO3 concentration descriptor variables and predictor variables calculated from discharge and precipitation records. Fourteen events were used for calibration, and 27 events from four periods of continuous records of high-frequency measurement were used for validation. During all selected storm events, NO3 concentration decreased during flow rise and increased during the recession phase of the hydrograph. Three storm descriptor variables were used to describe these dynamics: relative change in concentration between initial and minimum NO3 concentrations (rdN), time to maximum change in NO3 concentration (TdN) and time to 50% recovery of NO3 concentration (TN rec ). The ERR consisted of building linear models of discharge and precipitation to predict these three descriptors. The ERR approach greatly improved NO3 load estimates compared to linear interpolation of grab sampling data (error decreased from 10 to 1%) or flow-weighted estimation of load (error is 7%). This study demonstrated that ERR based on a few months of high-resolution data enables accurate load estimates from low-frequency NO3 data.", "keywords": ["Nitrates", "Rivers", "13. Climate action", "Germany", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "Water Pollution", " Chemical", "0207 environmental engineering", "Agriculture", "Nitrogen Oxides", "02 engineering and technology", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "6. Clean water", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6700-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-018-6700-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-018-6700-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-018-6700-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-06", "title": "Fate Of The Nitrogen From Fertilizers In Field-Grown Maize", "description": "Fil: Rimski korsakov, Helena. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia; Argentina", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Organic Fractions", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "Nitrate Leaching", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Volatilization", "15. Life on land", "Tagged Nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "Maize"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-012-9513-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/10-2076.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-29", "title": "No Evidence That Chronic Nitrogen Additions Increase Photosynthesis In Mature Sugar Maple Forests", "description": "Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can increase forest growth. Because N deposition commonly increases foliar N concentrations, it is thought that this increase in forest growth is a consequence of enhanced leaf-level photosynthesis. However, tests of this mechanism have been infrequent, and increases in photosynthesis have not been consistently observed in mature forests subject to chronic N deposition. In four mature northern hardwood forests in the north-central United States, chronic N additions (30 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) as NaNO3 for 14 years) have increased aboveground growth but have not affected canopy leaf biomass or leaf area index. In order to understand the mechanism behind the increases in growth, we hypothesized that the NO3(-) additions increased foliar N concentrations and leaf-level photosynthesis in the dominant species in these forests (sugar maple, Acer saccharum). The NO3(-) additions significantly increased foliar N. However, there was no significant difference between the ambient and +NO3(-) treatments in two seasons (2006-2007) of instantaneous measurements of photosynthesis from either canopy towers or excised branches. In measurements on excised branches, photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (micromol CO2 s(-1) g(-1) N) was significantly decreased (-13%) by NO3(-) additions. Furthermore, we found no consistent NO3(-) effect across all sites in either current foliage or leaf litter collected annually throughout the study (1993-2007) and analyzed for delta 13C and delta 18O, isotopes that can be used together to integrate changes in photosynthesis over time. We observed a small but significant NO3(-) effect on the average area and mass of individual leaves from the excised branches, but these differences varied by site and were countered by changes in leaf number. These photosynthesis and leaf area data together suggest that NO3(-) additions have not stimulated photosynthesis. There is no evidence that nutrient deficiencies have developed at these sites, so unlike other studies of photosynthesis in N-saturated forests, we cannot attribute the lack of a stimulation of photosynthesis to nutrient limitations. Rather than increases in C assimilation, the observed increases in aboveground growth at our study sites are more likely due to shifts in C allocation.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Carbon Isotopes", "Michigan", "Nitrates", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Acer", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Oxygen Isotopes", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Trees", "Oxygen", "Plant Leaves", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Photosynthesis", "Fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/10-2076.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/10-2076.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/10-2076.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/10-2076.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:15:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-12", "title": "Nitrate pollution in the Warta River (Poland) between 1958 and 2016: trends and causes", "description": "The article presents analyses of long-term water quality data from the Warta River between 1958 and 2016. A clear increasing trend in nitrate concentrations was observed from 1958 to the early 1990s. This trend was mainly related to the increasing use of fertilizers in Poland in this period. Then, after the early 1990s, a slow decreasing trend related to improvements in water and sewage management and more rational fertilizer use was observed after political and economic changes in Poland. The influence of long-term hydrological droughts on nitrate concentrations was also investigated. Sharp increases in the nitrate concentration in surface water were related to the accumulation of contaminants in the soil and aeration zone during drought periods and the subsequent transport of these contaminants to groundwater and surface water via recharge infiltration after each drought period. The presented results highlight the importance of surface water-groundwater interactions and suggest that groundwater protection in an entire catchment area is essential for surface water quality protection.", "keywords": ["Nitrates", "0207 environmental engineering", "Agriculture", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Rivers", "Water Supply", "13. Climate action", "Water Quality", "Humans", "Poland", "Fertilizers", "Groundwater under Threat from Diffuse Contaminants: Improving on-Site Sanitation", " Agriculture and Water Supply Practices", "Groundwater", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biortech.2005.04.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:15:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-06-25", "title": "Influences Of Vermicomposts On Field Strawberries: Part 2. Effects On Soil Microbiological And Chemical Properties", "description": "The effects of applications of food waste and paper waste vermicomposts on some soil chemical and biological properties were evaluated in field plots planted with strawberries. Six-week old strawberries (Fragaria ananasa, var. Chandler) were transplanted into 4.5 m(2) raised beds under a plastic tunnel structure measuring 9.14 x 14.6 x 3.6 m. Vermicompost were applied at rates of 5 or 10 t ha(-1) supplemented with inorganic fertilizers to balance fertilizer recommendations for strawberries of 85-155-125 kg NPK ha(-1). Effects of vermicomposts on strawberry growth and yields have been reported previously [Arancon, N.Q., Edwards C.A., Bierman P., Welch, C., Metzger, J.D., 2004. The influence of vermicompost applications to strawberries: Part 1. Effects on growth and yield. Bioresource Technology 93:145-153]. Total extractable N, NH(4)-N, NO(3)-N and orthophosphates did not differ significantly between treatments, except on the last sampling date (harvest date) in which significantly greater amounts of NH(4)-N, NO(3)-N and orthophosphates (PPlants adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions by adjusting their metabolism and gene expression to maintain fitness1. In legumes, nitrogen homeostasis is maintained by balancing nitrogen acquired from soil resources with nitrogen fixation by symbiotic bacteria in root nodules2\uffe2\uff80\uff938. Here we show that zinc, an essential plant micronutrient, acts as an intracellular second messenger that connects environmental changes to transcription factor control of metabolic activity in root nodules. We identify a transcriptional regulator, FIXATION UNDER NITRATE (FUN), which acts as a sensor, with zinc controlling the transition between an inactive filamentous megastructure and an active transcriptional regulator. Lower zinc concentrations in the nodule, which we show occur in response to higher levels of soil nitrate, dissociates the filament and activates FUN. FUN then directly targets multiple pathways to initiate breakdown of the nodule. The zinc-dependent filamentation mechanism thus establishes a concentration readout to adapt nodule function to the environmental nitrogen conditions. In a wider perspective, these results have implications for understanding the roles of metal ions in integration of environmental signals with plant development and optimizing delivery of fixed nitrogen in legume crops.Elevated nitrogen (N) deposition may aggravate phosphorus (P) deficiency in forests in the warm humid regions of China. To our knowledge, the interactive effects of long-term N deposition and P availability on soil microorganisms in tropical replanted forests remain unclear. We conducted an N and P manipulation experiment with four treatments: control, N addition (15\uffe2\uff80\uff89g N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), P addition (15\uffe2\uff80\uff89g P m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and N and P addition (15\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff8915\uffe2\uff80\uff89g N and P m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively) in disturbed (planted pine forest with recent harvests of understory vegetation and litter) and rehabilitated (planted with pine, but mixed with broadleaf returning by natural succession) forests in southern China. Nitrogen addition did not significantly affect soil microbial biomass, but significantly decreased the abundance of gram-negative bacteria PLFAs in both forest types. Microbial biomass increased significantly after P addition in the disturbed forest but not in the rehabilitated forest. No interactions between N and P additions on soil microorganisms were observed in either forest type. Our results suggest that microbial growth in replanted forests of southern China may be limited by P rather than by N and this P limitation may be greater in disturbed forests.
", "keywords": ["China", "Principal Component Analysis", "Nitrates", "Rainforest", "Nitrogen", "Microbiota", "Fatty Acids", "Forestry", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Gram-Positive Bacteria", "Article", "Carbon Cycle", "Phosphates", "Multidisciplinary Sciences", "Soil", "Gram-Negative Bacteria", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14378"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep14378", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep14378", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep14378"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep42247", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-08", "title": "Nitrate Leaching In A Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation On A Calcareous Soil As Affected By Nitrogen And Straw Management", "description": "AbstractNitrate leaching is one of the most important pathways of nitrogen (N) loss which leads to groundwater contamination or surface water eutrophication. Clarifying the rates, controlling factors and characteristics of nitrate leaching is the pre-requisite for proposing effective mitigation strategies. We investigated the effects of interactions among chemical N fertilizer, straw and manure applications on nitrogen leaching in an intensively managed calcareous Fluvo-aquic soil with winter wheat-summer maize cropping rotations on the North China Plain from October 2010 to September 2013 using ceramic suction cups and seepage water calculations based on a long-term field experiment. Annual nitrate leaching reached 38\uffe2\uff80\uff9360\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 from conventional N managements, but declined by 32\uffe2\uff80\uff9371% due to optimum N, compost manure or municipal waste treatments, respectively. Nitrate leaching concentrated in the summer maize season, and fewer leaching events with high amounts are the characteristics of nitrate leaching in this region. Overuse of chemical N fertilizers, high net mineralization and nitrification, together with predominance of rainfall in the summer season with light soil texture are the main controlling factors responsible for the high nitrate leaching loss in this soil-crop-climatic system.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Regression Analysis", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Fertilizers", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep42247"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep42247", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep42247", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep42247"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00433.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-11", "title": "Raised Atmospheric Co2 Levels And Increased N Deposition Cause Shifts In Plant Species Composition And Production In Sphagnum Bogs", "description": "AbstractPart of the missing sink in the global CO2 budget has been attributed to the positive effects of CO2 fertilization and N deposition on carbon sequestration in Northern Hemisphere terrestrial ecosystems. The genus Sphagnum is one of the most important groups of plant species sequestrating carbon in temperate and northern bog ecosystems, because of the low decomposability of the dead material it produces. The effects of raised CO2 and increased atmospheric N deposition on growth of Sphagnum and other plants were studied in bogs at four sites across Western Europe. Contrary to expectations, elevated CO2 did not significantly affect Sphagnum biomass growth. Increased N deposition reduced Sphagnum mass growth, because it increased the cover of vascular plants and the tall moss Polytrichum strictum. Such changes in plant species composition may decrease carbon sequestration in Sphagnum\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated bog ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "bog plants", "nitrates", "13. Climate action", "emission", "carbon dioxide", "greenhouse effect", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00433.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00433.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00433.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2001.00433.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1051/agro/2009046", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-18", "title": "Soil And Vegetable Crop Response To Addition Of Different Levels Of Municipal Waste Compost Under Mediterranean Greenhouse Conditions", "description": "In the soil thematic strategy of the European Union Commission, a soil organic carbon content of 2% is indicated as a threshold below which a reduction in soil chemical, biological and physical fertility, and increase in erosion can be observed. Composting of organic matter 'exogenous' to soil (such as from municipalities, industries and agriculture sources) is recommended as an effective way to ensure the return of biomass to soil and the return of the soil organic matter losses. The composting of municipal solid wastes is seen as a strategy to divert organic waste materials from landfills. A municipal source-separated solid waste compost was used in a study carried out during 2003-2006 in Southern Italy. An annual tomato-snap bean-lettuce rotation was planted on a sandy loam soil with 26 g kg\u22121 organic carbon under greenhouse conditions. Different rates of compost (15-30-45 t ha\u22121 on a dry weight basis) and combinations of compost at a rate of 15 t ha\u22121 with reduced doses of mineral N fertilizer (1/2 or 1/4 of optimal supply) were compared with an untreated control and a N, P, K fertilized control. We found that: (1) increasing compost rates produced increasing positive soil organic carbon balances. The C conversion efficiency was 23 and 36% with 15 and 30 t ha\u22121, respectively, but declined to 28% with the highest rate of compost. Indeed, the higher the compost amounts applied, the higher the soil organic carbon losses. (2) Under tunnel-greenhouse conditions, all the fertilization strategies, except compost at a rate of 15 t ha\u22121, increased soil nitrate concentrations by up 100 to 400 mg kg\u22121 dry weight of soil, particularly in the spring-summer seasons. In the same period, nitrate contents in the untreated control reached 100 mg kg\u22121. (3) The average yield of marketable tomato for the four-year period was 114 t ha\u22121 and did not vary significantly among treatments. No differences in snap bean yields were detected among the fertilization treatments. In lettuce cultivation, however, 30 and 45 t ha\u22121 of compost yielded more than other treatments. In the tunnel-greenhouse environment, a high initial content of soil organic matter resulted in high vegetable yields over all four years, even without mineral or organic fertilizer supply. However, among the various fertilization strategies, the best solution able to restore annual soil carbon mineralization was the supply of 15 t ha\u22121 of compost. In addition, this rate reduced the hazards linked to the high release of nitrates in soil caused by 30 and 45 t ha\u22121 rates of compost or mineral fertilization.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Compost amendment - Soil C balance - Soil nitrates - Vegetable crops - Greenhouse - Soil enzyme activity", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "soil C balance", "compost amendment", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "soil enzyme activity", "13. Climate action", "greenhouse", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "vegetable crops", "soil nitrates", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1051/agro/2009046"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1051/agro/2009046", "name": "item", "description": "10.1051/agro/2009046", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1051/agro/2009046"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1063/1.5067095", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-08", "title": "Protective coatings for high temperature molten salt heat storage systems in solar concentration power plants", "description": "Three Cr ferritic/martensitic containing-steels (P91, VM12 and MarBN) and one carbon steel (A516) were exposed to a mixture of molten nitrates salt (Solar Salt) at 580\u00b0C. P91 and MarBN were also exposed to a newly developed ternary carbonate eutectic salt mixture at 650\u00b0C under static conditions. In contact with molten nitrates, the uncoated substrates developed a complex, fast growing multilayered oxide scale, which includes NaFeO2. Significant spallation took place for all substrates. However, A516 exhibited lower corrosion rates and developed a more compact Fe2O3/Fe3O4 slower growing scale. Substrate nitriding occurred on the ferritic steels. On molten carbonates at 650\u00b0C the uncoated steels also corroded heavily and the formed oxide contained LiFeO2. Cr was found in the salts exposed to the Cr containing uncoated steels, which likely implies chromate dissolution in the melts as a result of a basic fluxing mechanism, typical of molten salt corrosion. Al slurry coated samples were also tested by immersion in both salts. All the tested coated samples performed well as no evidence of significant weight variation or substrate attack could be observed. The protective nature of these coatings may be attributed to the formation of NaAlO2. Some coating-substrate interdiffusion occurred, to a higher extent on aluminized A516. The Al richest phases (FeAl3, Fe2Al5) transformed into the lower Al containing phase FeAl.", "keywords": ["Corrosion", "Molten nitrates", "02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology", "7. Clean energy", "concentrated solar power"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.5067095"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5067095"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/AIP%20Conference%20Proceedings", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1063/1.5067095", "name": "item", "description": "10.1063/1.5067095", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1063/1.5067095"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1063/1.4984416", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-06-28", "title": "Aluminide slurry coatings for protection of ferritic steel in molten nitrate corrosion for concentrated solar power technology", "description": "Molten nitrates can be employed as heat storage fluids in solar concentration power plants. However molten nitrates are corrosive and if operating temperatures are raised to increase efficiencies, the corrosion rates will also increase. High temperature corrosion resistant coatings based on Al have demonstrated excellent results in other sectors such as gas turbines. Aluminide slurry coated and uncoated P92 steel specimens were exposed to the so called Solar Salt (industrial grade), a binary eutectic mixture of 60 % NaNO3 \u2013 40 % KNO3, in air for 2000 hours at 550\u00b0C and 580\u00b0C in order to analyze their behavior as candidates to be used in future solar concentration power plants employing molten nitrates as heat transfer fluids. Coated ferritic steels constitute a lower cost technology than Ni based alloy. Two different coating morphologies resulting from two heat treatment performed at 700 and 1050\u00b0C after slurry application were tested. The coated systems exhibited excellent corrosion resistance at both te...", "keywords": ["Corrosion", "Aluminide coatings", "Molten nitrates", "13. Climate action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "0210 nano-technology", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "concentrated solar power"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://aip.scitation.org/doi/pdf/10.1063/1.4984416"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4984416"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/AIP%20Conference%20Proceedings", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1063/1.4984416", "name": "item", "description": "10.1063/1.4984416", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1063/1.4984416"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.0600359103", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-14", "title": "Reduced Nitrate Leaching And Enhanced Denitrifier Activity And Efficiency In Organically Fertilized Soils", "description": "Conventional agriculture has improved in crop yield but at large costs to the environment, particularly off-site pollution from mineral N fertilizers. In response to environmental concerns, organic agriculture has become an increasingly popular option. One component of organic agriculture that remains in question is whether it can reduce agricultural N losses to groundwater and the atmosphere relative to conventional agriculture. Here we report reduced N pollution from organic and integrated farming systems compared with a conventional farming system. We evaluated differences in denitrification potential and a suite of other soil biological and chemical properties in soil samples taken from organic, integrated, and conventional treatments in an experimental apple orchard. Organically farmed soils exhibited higher potential denitrification rates, greater denitrification efficiency, higher organic matter, and greater microbial activity than conventionally farmed soils. The observed differences in denitrifier function were then assessed under field conditions after fertilization. N 2 O emissions were not significantly different among treatments; however, N 2 emissions were highest in organic plots. Annual nitrate leaching was 4.4\uffe2\uff80\uff935.6 times higher in conventional plots than in organic plots, with the integrated plots in between. This study demonstrates that organic and integrated fertilization practices support more active and efficient denitrifier communities, shift the balance of N 2 emissions and nitrate losses, and reduce environmentally damaging nitrate losses. Although this study specifically examines a perennial orchard system, the ecological and biogeochemical processes we evaluated are present in all agroecosystems, and the reductions in nitrate loss in this study could also be achievable in other cropping systems.
", "keywords": ["Nitrates - metabolism", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Soil Pollutants - analysis", "Nitrates - analysis", "Agriculture", "Fertilizers - analysis", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil - analysis", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Soil Pollutants - metabolism", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Pollution", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kramer, Sasha B, Reganold, John P, Glover, Jerry D, Bohannan, Brendan J M, Mooney, Harold A,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0600359103"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.0600359103", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.0600359103", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.0600359103"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-03-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1079/bjn20051517", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-03", "title": "Effect Of Ruminal Administration Of Escherichia Coli Wild Type Or A Genetically Modified Strain With Enhanced High Nitrite Reductase Activity On Methane Emission And Nitrate Toxicity In Nitrate-Infused Sheep", "description": "The effects of two kinds ofEscherichia coli(E. coli) strain, wild-typeE. coliW3110 andE. colinir-Ptac, which has enhanced NO2reduction activity, on oral CH4emission and NO3toxicity in NO3-treated sheep were assessed in a respiratory hood system in a 4\uffc3\uff976 Youden square design. NO3(1\uffc2\uffb73g NaNO3/kg0\uffc2\uffb775body weight) and/orE. colistrains were delivered into the rumen through a fistula as a single dose 30min after the morning meal.Escherichia colicells were inoculated for sheep to provide an initialE. colicell density of optical density at 660nm of 2, which corresponded to 2\uffc3\uff971010cells/ml. The six treatments consisted of saline,E. coliW3110,E. colinir-Ptac, NO3, NO3plusE. coliW3110, and NO3plusE. colinir-Ptac. CH4emission from sheep was reduced by the inoculation ofE. coliW3110 orE. colinir-Ptac by 6% and 12%, respectively. NO3markedly inhibited CH4emission from sheep. Compared with sheep given NO3alone, the inoculation ofE. coliW3110 to NO3-infused sheep lessened ruminal and plasma toxic NO2accumulation and blood methaemoglobin production, while keeping ruminal methanogenesis low. Ruminal and plasma toxic NO2accumulation and blood methaemoglobin production in sheep were unaffected by the inoculation ofE. colinir-Ptac. These results suggest that ruminal methanogenesis may be reduced by the inoculation ofE. coliW3110 orE. colinir-Ptac. The inoculation ofE. coliW3110 may abate NO3toxicity when NO3is used to inhibit CH4emission from ruminants.
", "keywords": ["Male", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Rumen", "Sheep", "Metabolic Clearance Rate", "0402 animal and dairy science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Nitrate Reductase", "3. Good health", "Oxygen Consumption", "Fermentation", "Escherichia coli", "Animals", "Infusions", " Parenteral", "Methane", "Methemoglobin", "Nitrites"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Junichi Takahashi, I. Shinzato, Y. Asakura, C. Sar, B. Pen, R. Morikawa, B. Mwenya, A. Tsujimoto, K. Kuwaki, K. Takaura, N. Isogai, Yasuhiko Toride,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn20051517"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/British%20Journal%20of%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1079/bjn20051517", "name": "item", "description": "10.1079/bjn20051517", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1079/bjn20051517"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/femsle/fnad093", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-09-12", "title": "Alcohols as inhibitors of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria", "description": "AbstractAmmonia oxidizers are key players in the global nitrogen cycle and are responsible for the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite, which is further oxidized to nitrate by other microorganisms. Their activity can lead to adverse effects on some human-impacted environments, including water pollution through leaching of nitrate and emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) is the key enzyme in microbial ammonia oxidation and shared by all groups of aerobic ammonia oxidizers. The AMO has not been purified in an active form, and much of what is known about its potential structure and function comes from studies on its interactions with inhibitors. The archaeal AMO is less well studied as ammonia oxidizing archaea were discovered much more recently than their bacterial counterparts. The inhibition of ammonia oxidation by aliphatic alcohols (C1-C8) using the model terrestrial ammonia oxidizing archaeon \uffe2\uff80\uff98Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus franklandus\uffe2\uff80\uff99 C13 and the ammonia oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea was examined in order to expand knowledge about the range of inhibitors of ammonia oxidizers. Methanol was the most potent specific inhibitor of the AMO in both ammonia oxidizers, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.19 and 0.31\uffe2\uff80\uff89mM, respectively. The inhibition was AMO-specific in \uffe2\uff80\uff98Ca. N. franklandus\uffe2\uff80\uff99 C13 in the presence of C1-C2 alcohols, and in N. europaea in the presence of C1-C3 alcohols. Higher chain-length alcohols caused non-specific inhibition and also inhibited hydroxylamine oxidation. Ethanol was tolerated by \uffe2\uff80\uff98Ca. N. franklandus\uffe2\uff80\uff99 C13 at a higher threshold concentration than other chain-length alcohols, with 80\uffe2\uff80\uff89mM ethanol being required for complete inhibition of ammonia oxidation.Diversified crop rotation may improve production efficiency, reduce fertilizer nitrogen (N) requirements for corn (Zea mays L.), and increase soil carbon (C) storage. Objectives were to determine effect of rotation and fertilizer N on soil C sequestration and N use. An experiment was started in 1990 on a Barnes clay loam (U.S. soil taxonomy: fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Calcic Hapludoll) near Brookings, SD. Tillage systems for corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) rotations were conventional tillage (CS) and ridge tillage (CSr). Rotations under conventional tillage were continuous corn (CC), and a 4-year rotation of corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) companion-seeded with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93alfalfa hay (CSWA). Additional treatments included plots of perennial warm season, cool season, and mixtures of warm and cool season grasses. N treatments for corn were corn fertilized for a grain yield of 8.5 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931(highN), of 5.3 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931(midN), and with no N fertilizer (noN). Total (1990\uffe2\uff80\uff932000) corn grain yield was not different among rotations at 80.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931under highN. Corn yield differences among rotations increased with decreased fertilizer N. Total (1990\uffe2\uff80\uff932000) corn yields with noN fertilizer were 69 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931under CSWA, 53 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931under CS, and 35 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931under CC. Total N attributed to rotations (noN treatments) was 0.68 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931under CSWA, 0.61 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931under CS, and 0.28 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931under CC. Plant carbon return depended on rotation and N. In the past 10 years, total C returned from above- ground biomass was 29.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931under CC with highN, and 12.8 Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931under CSWA with noN. Soil C in the top 15 cm significantly increased (0.7 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931) with perennial grass cover, remained unchanged under CSr, and decreased (1.7 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931) under CC, CS, and CSWA. C to N ratio significantly narrowed (\uffe2\uff80\uff930.75) with CSWA and widened (0.72) under grass. Diversified rotations have potential to increase N use efficiency and reduce fertilizer N input for corn. However, within a corn production system using conventional tillage and producing (averaged across rotation and N treatment) about 6.2-Mg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff931corn grain per year, we found no gain in soil C after 10 years regardless of rotation.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Technology", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "T", "Science", "Q", "R", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Carbon", "United States", "Time", "Soil", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Research Article"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thomas E. Schumacher, Merle F. Vigil, Joseph L. Pikul,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.90"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Scientific%20World%20JOURNAL", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1100/tsw.2001.90", "name": "item", "description": "10.1100/tsw.2001.90", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1100/tsw.2001.90"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1574-6941.12009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-13", "title": "Chronic N-Amended Soils Exhibit An Altered Bacterial Community Structure In Harvard Forest, Ma, Usa", "description": "At the Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA, the impact of 20 years of annual ammonium nitrate application to the mixed hardwood stand on soil bacterial communities was studied using 16S rRNA genes pyrosequencing. Amplification of 16S rRNA genes was done using DNA extracted from 30 soil samples (three treatments \u00d7 two horizons \u00d7 five subplots) collected from untreated (control), low N-amended (50 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) and high N-amended (150 kg ha(-1) year(-1)) plots. A total of 1.3 million sequences were processed using qiime. Although Acidobacteria represented the most abundant phylum based on the number of sequences, Proteobacteria were the most diverse in terms of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). UniFrac analyses revealed that the bacterial communities differed significantly among soil horizons and treatments. Microsite variability among the five subplots was also evident. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling ordination of normalized OTU data followed by permutational manova further confirmed these observations. Richness indicators and indicator species analyses revealed higher bacterial diversity associated with N amendment. Differences in bacterial diversity and community composition associated with the N treatments were also observed at lower phylogenetic levels. Only 28-35% of the 6 936 total OTUs identified were common to three treatments, while the rest were specific to one treatment or common to two.", "keywords": ["DNA", " Bacterial", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Environmental Microbiology and Microbial Ecology", "Nitrates", "Bacteria", "Genes", " rRNA", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "Trees", "Scientific Contribution Number 2470", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Massachusetts", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Fertilizers", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6941.12009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/FEMS%20Microbiology%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1574-6941.12009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1574-6941.12009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1574-6941.12009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12532", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-27", "title": "Increased Nitrogen Leaching Following Soil Freezing Is Due To Decreased Root Uptake In A Northern Hardwood Forest", "description": "AbstractThe depth and duration of snow pack is declining in the northeastern United States as a result of warming air temperatures. Since snow insulates soil, a decreased snow pack can increase the frequency of soil freezing, which has been shown to have important biogeochemical implications. One of the most notable effects of soil freezing is increased inorganic nitrogen losses from soil during the following growing season. Decreased nitrogen retention is thought to be due to reduced root uptake, but has not yet been measured directly. We conducted a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90year snow\uffe2\uff80\uff90removal experiment at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA to determine the effects of soil freezing on root uptake and leaching of inorganic nitrogen simultaneously. Snow removal significantly increased the depth of maximal soil frost by 37.2 and 39.5\uffc2\uffa0cm in the first and second winters, respectively (P\uffc2\uffa0<\uffc2\uffa00.001 in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010). As a consequence of soil freezing, root uptake of ammonium declined significantly during the first and second growing seasons after snow removal (P\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa00.023 for 2009 and P\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa00.005 for 2010). These observed reductions in root nitrogen uptake coincided with significant increases in soil solution concentrations of ammonium in the Oa horizon (P\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa00.001 for 2009 and 2010) and nitrate in the B horizon (P\uffc2\uffa0<\uffc2\uffa00.001 and P\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa00.003 for 2009 and 2010, respectively). The excess flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen from the Oa horizon that was attributable to soil freezing was 7.0 and 2.8\uffc2\uffa0kg N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in 2009 and 2010, respectively. The excess flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen from the B horizon was lower, amounting to 1.7 and 0.7\uffc2\uffa0kg N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Results of this study provide direct evidence that soil freezing reduces root nitrogen uptake, demonstrating that the effects of winter climate change on root function has significant consequences for nitrogen retention and loss in forest ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "Acer", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Snow", "Ammonium Compounds", "Freezing", "New Hampshire", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12532"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12532", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12532", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12532"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-02-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12555", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-02-24", "title": "Different Types Of Nitrogen Deposition Show Variable Effects On The Soil Carbon Cycle Process Of Temperate Forests", "description": "AbstractNitrogen (N) deposition significantly affects the soil carbon (C) cycle process of forests. However, the influence of different types of N on it still remained unclear. In this work, ammonium nitrate was selected as an inorganic N (IN) source, while urea and glycine were chosen as organic N (ON) sources. Different ratios of IN to ON (1\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa04, 2\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa03, 3\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa02, 4\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa01, and 5\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa00) were mixed with equal total amounts and then used to fertilize temperate forest soils for 2\uffc2\uffa0years. Results showed that IN deposition inhibited soil C cycle processes, such as soil respiration, soil organic C decomposition, and enzymatic activities, and induced the accumulation of recalcitrant organic C. By contrast, ON deposition promoted these processes. Addition of ON also resulted in accelerated transformation of recalcitrant compounds into labile compounds and increased CO2 efflux. Meanwhile, greater ON deposition may convert C sequestration in forest soils into C source. These results indicated the importance of the IN to ON ratio in controlling the soil C cycle, which can consequently change the ecological effect of N deposition.
", "keywords": ["China", "Soil", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "Glycine", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Enzymes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12555"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12555", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12555", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12555"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01869.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-05", "title": "Fine-Root Respiration In A Loblolly Pine (Pinus Taedal.) Forest Exposed To Elevated Co2and N Fertilization", "description": "ABSTRACTForest ecosystems release large amounts of carbon to the atmosphere from fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90root respiration (Rr), but the control of this flux and its temperature sensitivity (Q10) are poorly understood. We attempted to: (1) identify the factors limiting this flux using additions of glucose and an electron transport uncoupler (carbonyl cyanide m\uffe2\uff80\uff90chlorophenylhydrazone); and (2) improve yearly estimates of Rr by directly measuring its Q10in situ using temperature\uffe2\uff80\uff90controlled cuvettes buried around intact, attached roots. The proximal limits of Rr of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees exposed to free\uffe2\uff80\uff90air CO2 enrichment (FACE) and N fertilization were seasonally variable; enzyme capacity limited Rr in the winter, and a combination of substrate supply and adenylate availability limited Rr in summer months. The limiting factors of Rr were not affected by elevated CO2 or N fertilization. Elevated CO2 increased annual stand\uffe2\uff80\uff90level Rr by 34% whereas the combination of elevated CO2 and N fertilization reduced Rr by 40%. Measurements of in situ Rr with high temporal resolution detected diel patterns that were correlated with canopy photosynthesis with a lag of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff83d or less as measured by eddy covariance, indicating a dynamic link between canopy photosynthesis and root respiration. These results suggest that Rr is coupled to daily canopy photosynthesis and increases with carbon allocation below ground.
", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "Analysis of Variance", "Nitrates", "Atmosphere", "Nitrogen", "Cell Respiration", "Temperature", "Pinus taeda", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "Trees", "Glucose", "Oxygen Consumption", "050101 - Ecological Impacts of Climate Change", "13. Climate action", "North Carolina", "Seasons", "Least-Squares Analysis", "Photosynthesis", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01869.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01869.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01869.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01869.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-10-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00686.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-22", "title": "Nitrogen Dynamics In Oak Model Ecosystems Subjected To Air Warming And Drought On Two Different Soils", "description": "AbstractBeing tolerant to heat and drought, oaks are promising candidates for future forestry in view of climate change inCentralEurope. Air warming is expected to increase, and drought decrease soilNavailability and thusNsupply to trees. Here, we conducted a model ecosystem experiment, in which mixed stands of young oaks (Quercus robur,Q.\uffc2\uffa0petraeaandQ.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens) were grown on two different soils and subjected to four climate treatments during three growing seasons: air warming by 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C, drought periods (average precipitation reduction of 43\uffe2\uff80\uff9360%), a combination of these two treatments, and a control. In contrast to our hypotheses, neither air warming nor drought significantly affectedNavailability, whereas total amounts, vertical distribution and availability of soilNshowed substantial differences between the two soils. While air warming had no effect on tree growth andNaccumulation, the drought treatment reduced tree growth and increased, or tended to increase,Naccumulation in the reduced biomass, indicating that growth was not limited byN. Furthermore,15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelling revealed that this accumulation was associated with an increased uptake of nitrate. On the basis of our results, climate change effects onNdynamics are expected to be less important in oak stands than reduced soil water availability.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Hot Temperature", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "Rain", "Quercus petraea", "Nitrate", "Global Warming", "Models", " Biological", "01 natural sciences", "Quercus", "Soil", "Species Specificity", "Stress", " Physiological", "Climate change", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Nitrates", "Air", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "15N tracer", "Recovery rate", "Quercus pubescens", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Quercus robur", "Ammonium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00686.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00686.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00686.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00686.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0030319", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-02", "title": "Responses Of Grassland Production To Single And Multiple Global Environmental Changes", "description": "In this century, increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases in the Earth's atmosphere are expected to cause warmer surface temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns. At the same time, reactive nitrogen is entering natural systems at unprecedented rates. These global environmental changes have consequences for the functioning of natural ecosystems, and responses of these systems may feed back to affect climate and atmospheric composition. Here, we report plant growth responses of an ecosystem exposed to factorial combinations of four expected global environmental changes. We exposed California grassland to elevated CO2, temperature, precipitation, and nitrogen deposition for five years. Root and shoot production did not respond to elevated CO2 or modest warming. Supplemental precipitation led to increases in shoot production and offsetting decreases in root production. Supplemental nitrate deposition increased total production by an average of 26%, primarily by stimulating shoot growth. Interactions among the main treatments were rare. Together, these results suggest that production in this grassland will respond minimally to changes in CO2 and winter precipitation, and to small amounts of warming. Increased nitrate deposition would have stronger effects on the grassland. Aside from this nitrate response, expectations that a changing atmosphere and climate would promote carbon storage by increasing plant growth appear unlikely to be realized in this system.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Meteorological Concepts", "QH301-705.5", "Climate", "Carbon Dioxide", "Environment", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "13. Climate action", "Biology (General)", "Plant Shoots", "Research Article", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030319"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0030319", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pbio.0030319", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pbio.0030319"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0219479", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-07-23", "title": "An integrated assessment of nitrogen source, transformation and fate within an intensive dairy system to inform management change", "description": "From an environmental perspective optimised dairy systems, which follow current regulations, still have low nitrogen (N) use efficiency, high N surplus (kg N ha-1) and enable ad-hoc delivery of direct and indirect reactive N losses to water and the atmosphere. The objective of the present study was to divide an intensive dairy farm into N attenuation capacity areas based on this ad-hoc delivery. Historical and current spatial and temporal multi-level data- sets (stable isotope and dissolved gas) were combined and interpreted. Results showed that the farm had four distinct attenuation areas: high N attenuation: characterised by ammonium-N (NH4+-N) below 0.23 mg NH4+-N l-1 and nitrate (NO3--N) below 5.65 mg NO3-- N l-1 in surface, drainage and groundwater, located on imperfectly to moderately-well drained soils with high denitrification potential and low nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (av. 0.0032 mg N2O-N l-1); moderate N attenuation: characterised by low NO3--N concentration in drainage water but high N2O production (0.0317 mg N2O-N l-1) and denitrification potential lower than group 1 (av. \u03b415N-NO3-: 16.4 , av. \u03b418O-NO3-: 9.2 ), on well to moderately drained soils; low N attenuation area 1: characterised by high NO3--N (av. 6.90 mg NO3--N l-1) in drainage water from well to moderately-well drained soils, with low denitrification potential (av. \u03b415N-NO3-: 9.5 , av. \u03b418O-NO3-: 5.9 ) and high N2O emissions (0.0319 mg N2O l-1); and low N attenuation area 2: characterised by high NH4+-N (av. 3.93 mg NH4+-N l-1 and high N2O emissions (av. 0.0521 mg N2O l-1) from well to imperfectly drained soil. N loads on site should be moved away from low attenuation areas and emissions to air and water should be assessed.", "keywords": ["dairy systems", "Farms", "Time Factors", "550", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Nitrous Oxide", "management change", "Oxygen Isotopes", "01 natural sciences", "Permeability", "nitrogen", "dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium", "soil", "Dairy system", "Soil", "Isotopes", "Waste Management", "Oxygen Radioisotopes", "Ammonium Compounds", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Geography", "Stable Isotopes", "Q", "R", "Water", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "Management", "DNRA", "Dairying", "Milk", "Slurries", "13. Climate action", "Denitrification", "Medicine", "Intensive", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/148308/8/journal.pone.0219479.pdf"}, {"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/956826/2/document.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219479"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0219479", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0219479", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0219479"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/05-0836", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-06-04", "title": "Bromus Tectorum Invasion Alters Nitrogen Dynamics In An Undisturbed Arid Grassland Ecosystem", "description": "The nonnative annual grass Bromus tectorum has successfully replaced native vegetation in many arid and semiarid ecosystems. Initial introductions accompanied grazing and agriculture, making it difficult to separate the effects of invasion from physical disturbance. This study examined N dynamics in two recently invaded, undisturbed vegetation associations (C3 and C4). The response of these communities was compared to an invaded/ disturbed grassland. The invaded/disturbed communities had higher surface NH4+ input in spring, whereas there were no differences for surface input of NO3-. Soil inorganic N was dominated by NH4+, but invaded sites had greater subsurface soil NO3-. Invaded sites had greater total soil N at the surface four years post-invasion in undisturbed communities, but total N was lower in the invaded/disturbed communities. Soil delta15N increased with depth in the noninvaded and recently invaded communities, whereas the invaded/disturbed communities exhibited the opposite pattern. Enriched foliar delta15N values suggest that Bromus assimilated subsurface NO3-, whereas the native grasses were restricted to surface N. A Rayleigh distillation model accurately described decomposition patterns in the noninvaded communities where soil N loss is accompanied by increasing soil delta15N; however, the invaded/ disturbed communities exhibited the opposite pattern, suggesting redistribution of N within the soil profile. This study suggests that invasion has altered the mechanisms driving nitrogen dynamics. Bromus litter decomposition and soil NO3- concentrations were greater in the invaded communities during periods of ample precipitation, and NO3- leached from the surface litter, where it was assimilated by Bromus. The primary source of N input in these communities is a biological soil crust that is removed with disturbance, and the lack of N input by the biological soil crust did not balance N loss, resulting in reduced total N in the invaded/disturbed communities. Bromus produced a positive feedback loop by leaching NO3- from decomposing Bromus litter to subsurface soil layers, accessing that deepsoil N pool with deep roots and returning that N to the surface as biomass and subsequent litter. Lack of new inputs combined with continued loss will result in lower total soil N, evidenced by the lower total soil N in the invaded/disturbed communities.", "keywords": ["ecosystem", "0106 biological sciences", "Nitrates", "550", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Bromus", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "Population Dynamics", "arid", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Soil", "Natural Resources and Conservation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Seasons", "grassland", "bromus tectorum invasion", "Environmental Sciences", "Ecosystem"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sperry, L. J., Belnap, J., Evans, R. D.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/05-0836"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/05-0836", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/05-0836", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/05-0836"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/09-0077.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-09", "title": "Use Of N Immobilization To Tighten The N Cycle In Conventional Agroecosystems", "description": "Soils in conventional agroecosystems are purposely held in a nitrogen (N)\uffe2\uff80\uff90saturated state to maximize crop yields. Planting winter annual cover crops when fields are usually fallow has been proposed to ameliorate N losses from soils. In this study we introduced winter annual cover crops into an N rate study with plots fertilized at 0, 34, 67, 101, 134, 168, and 202 kg N/ha in maize (Zea mays L.) to determine how winter annual cover crops affect yields, N2O and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 fluxes, and N pools. At the six\uffe2\uff80\uff90leaf stage and during flowering, incorporation of cover crop into soil resulted in a 30% reduction in maize biomass. Three weeks after fertilization, KCl\uffe2\uff80\uff90extractable soil mineral N was 75\uffe2\uff80\uff9387% lower in cover\uffe2\uff80\uff90cropped soils than in no\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover soils, indicating that N had been immobilized in the cover\uffe2\uff80\uff90cropped soils. At physiological maturity, there was no difference between cover and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90cover treatments in crop yield, which was maximized at 9 Mg/ha in 2006 and 7 Mg/ha in 2007. Where N rates exceed crop requirements, cover crop incorporation may reduce N exports as NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 and N2O. Tighter N cycling in conventional agroecosystems could be fostered by matching N rates to the amount of N removed with grain and using N immobilization to retain N and support yields. If N immobilization is viewed as a means for efficient fertilizer N use rather than a process that decreases crop productivity, growers might be more willing to adopt cover\uffe2\uff80\uff90cropping practices.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "Biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Weather", "Zea mays"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0077.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/09-0077.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/09-0077.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/09-0077.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2003.5990", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-02", "description": "ABSTRACTMaize (Zea mays L.) production in the smallholder farming areas of Zimbabwe is based on both organic and mineral nutrient sources. A study was conducted to determine the effect of composted cattle manure, mineral N fertilizer, and their combinations on NO3 concentrations in leachate leaving the root zone and to establish N fertilization rates that minimize leaching. Maize was grown for three seasons (1996\uffe2\uff80\uff931997, 1997\uffe2\uff80\uff931998, and 1998\uffe2\uff80\uff931999) in field lysimeters repacked with a coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90grained sandy soil (Typic Kandiustalf). Leachate volumes ranged from 480 to 509 mm yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (1395 mm rainfall) in 1996\uffe2\uff80\uff931997, 296 to 335 mm yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (840 mm rainfall) in 1997\uffe2\uff80\uff931998, and 606 to 635 mm yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (1387 mm rainfall) in 1998\uffe2\uff80\uff931999. Mineral N fertilizer, especially the high rate (120 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and manure plus mineral N fertilizer combinations resulted in high NO3 leachate concentrations (up to 34 mg N L\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and NO3 losses (up to 56 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in 1996\uffe2\uff80\uff931997, which represent both environmental and economic concerns. Although the leaching losses were relatively small in the other seasons, they are still of great significance in African smallholder farming where fertilizer is unaffordable for most farmers. Nitrate leaching from sole manure treatments was relatively low (average of less than 20 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), whereas the crop uptake efficiency of mineral N fertilizer was enhanced by up to 26% when manure and mineral N fertilizer were applied in combination. The low manure (12.5 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) plus 60 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 fertilizer treatment was best in terms of maintaining dry matter yield and minimizing N leaching losses.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Tropical Climate", "Nitrates", "Rain", "rainfall", "cattle manure", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Silicon Dioxide", "Plant Roots", "losses", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "corn", "nitrogen-fertilizer", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Water Pollutants", "lysimeters", "Fertilizers", "zimbabwe", "time", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.5990"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2003.5990", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2003.5990", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2003.5990"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2004.1010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "description": "ABSTRACTDespite the use of best management practices for nitrogen (N) application rate and timing, significant losses of nitrate nitrogen NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff93N in drainage discharge continue to occur from row crop cropping systems. Our objective was to determine whether a autumn\uffe2\uff80\uff90seeded winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop following corn (Zea mays L.) would reduce NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff93N losses through subsurface tile drainage in a corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cropping system in the northern Corn Belt (USA) in a moderately well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained soil. Both phases of the corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean rotation, with and without the winter rye cover crop following corn, were established in 1998 in a Normania clay loam (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Haplustoll) soil at Lamberton, MN. Cover cropping did not affect subsequent soybean yield, but reduced drainage discharge, flow\uffe2\uff80\uff90weighted mean nitrate concentration (FWMNC), and NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff93N loss relative to winter fallow, although the magnitude of the effect varied considerably with annual precipitation. Three\uffe2\uff80\uff90year average drainage discharge was lower with a winter rye cover crop than without (p = 0.06). Over three years, subsurface tile\uffe2\uff80\uff90drainage discharge was reduced 11% and NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff93N loss was reduced 13% for a corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean cropping system with a rye cover crop following corn than with no rye cover crop. We estimate that establishment of a winter rye cover crop after corn will be successful in one of four years in southwestern Minnesota. Cover cropping with rye has the potential to be an effective management tool for reducing NO\uffe2\uff88\uff923\uffe2\uff80\uff93N loss from subsurface drainage discharge despite challenges to establishment and spring growth in the north\uffe2\uff80\uff90central USA.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Glycine max", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "Secale", "Water Pollution", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "United States", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Water Movements", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.1010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2004.1010", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2004.1010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2004.1010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2004.2290", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-14", "title": "Pig Slurry Application And Irrigation Effects On Nitrate Leaching In Mediterranean Soil Lysimeters", "description": "ABSTRACTLand application of animal manures, such as pig slurry (PS), is a common practice in intensive\uffe2\uff80\uff90farming agriculture. However, this practice has a pitfall consisting of the loss of nutrients, in particular nitrate, toward water courses. The objective of this study was to evaluate nitrate leaching for three application rates of pig slurry (50, 100, and 200 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and a control treatment of mineral fertilizer (275 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) applied to corn grown in 10 drainage lysimeters. The effects of two irrigation regimes (low vs. high irrigation efficiency) were also analyzed. In the first two irrigation events, drainage NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N concentrations as high as 145 and 69 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 were measured in the high and moderate PS rate treatments, respectively, in the low irrigation efficiency treatments. This indicates the fast transformation of the PS ammonium into nitrate and the subsequent leaching of the transformed nitrate. Drainage NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N concentration and load increased linearly by 0.69 mg NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 4.6 kg NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively, for each 10 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 applied over the minimum of 275 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 An increase in irrigation efficiency did not induce a significant increase of leachate concentration and the amount of nitrate leached decreased about 65%. Application of low PS doses before sowing complemented with sidedressing N application and a good irrigation management are the key factors to reduce nitrate contamination of water courses.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Mediterranean Region", "Swine", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Solubility", "Water Supply", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Water Pollutants", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "A. Daud\u00e9n, D. Qu\u00edlez, M. V. Vera,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.2290"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2004.2290", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2004.2290", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2004.2290"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0047", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-08", "title": "In Situ Measurements Of Nitrate Leaching Implicate Poor Nitrogen And Irrigation Management On Sandy Soils", "description": "ABSTRACTMinimizing the risk of nitrate contamination along the waterways of the U.S. Great Plains is essential to continued irrigated corn production and quality water supplies. The objectives of this study were to quantify nitrate (NO3) leaching for irrigated sandy soils (Pratt loamy fine sand [sandy, mixed, mesic Lamellic Haplustalfs]) and to evaluate the effects of N fertilizer and irrigation management strategies on NO3 leaching in irrigated corn. Two irrigation schedules (1.0\uffc3\uff97 and 1.25\uffc3\uff97 optimum) were combined with six N fertilizer treatments broadcast as NH4NO3 (kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921): 300 and 250 applied pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant; 250 applied pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant and sidedress; 185 applied pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant and sidedress; 125 applied pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant and sidedress; and 0. Porous\uffe2\uff80\uff90cup tensiometers and solution samplers were installed in each of the four highest N treatments. Soil solution samples were collected during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons. Maximum corn grain yield was achieved with 125 or 185 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, regardless of the irrigation schedule (IS). The 1.25\uffc3\uff97 IS exacerbated the amount of NO3 leached below the 152\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth in the preplant N treatments, with a mean of 146 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the 250 and 300 kg N preplant applications compared with 12 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the same N treatments and 1.0\uffc3\uff97 IS. With 185 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, the 1.25\uffc3\uff97 IS treatment resulted in 74 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 leached compared with 10 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the 1.0\uffc3\uff97 IS. Appropriate irrigation scheduling and N fertilizer rates are essential to improving N management practices on these sandy soils.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Kansas", "15. Life on land", "Silicon Dioxide", "Plant Roots", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Random Allocation", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gary A. Clark, John P. Schmidt, Loyd R. Stone, Alan J. Schlegel, Ronald J. Gehl,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0047"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0047", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0047", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0047"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2007.0197", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-12", "description": "AbstractWithin Canada, it has been recognized in the last decade that military training activities may have impacts on the environmental quality of training ranges. However, impacts of activities specific to Air Force Bases have not yet been intensely documented. A hydrogeological study was accomplished at the Cold Lake Air Weapons Range, Alberta, to evaluate the environmental impacts of using bombs, rockets, strafing, and open burning/open detonation (OB/OD) on the quality of soil, ground water, surface water, and lake sediments. Samples were analyzed for metals, anions, ammonium perchlorate (NH4ClO4), and energetic materials (EM). It was found that training activities did not result in measured values being exceeded on the basis of guidance values for surface water and lake sediments. Contamination by metals was mostly limited to soils, and some metals may be related to the use of bombs (Cd, Cu, Pb), strafe (Cu), and rockets (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, U, V, Zn). TNT (2,4,6\uffe2\uff80\uff90trinitrotoluene) was the main EM found in soils, while RDX (hexahydro\uffe2\uff80\uff901,3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90trinitro\uffe2\uff80\uff901,3,5\uffe2\uff80\uff90triazine) was more common in ground water. Both are related to live bombing, while nitroglycerine (NG) is related to rocket use and was detected in soils only. Aluminum, nitrate, and ammonium perchlorate detected in ground water may be related to live bombing or rockets. OB/OD operations resulted in the presence of various EM in soils, and of perchlorate and nitrate in ground water. Contamination by metals and explosives in soils was localized around the targets and varied significantly in time; however, in ground water it was more constant and may persist for a period of several years after a target has been removed.
", "keywords": ["Anions", "Geologic Sediments", "550", "lake sediments", "Fresh Water", "Environment", "01 natural sciences", "Alberta", "Explosive Agents", "Water Supply", "Soil Pollutants", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Nitrates", "Perchlorates", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "nitroglycerine", "ammonium perchlorate", "Quaternary Ammonium Compounds", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "open detonation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Weapons", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Environmental Monitoring", "Trinitrotoluene"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2007.0197"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2007.0197", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2007.0197", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2007.0197"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitrates&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitrates&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitrates&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitrates&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 96, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T22:47:28.668937Z"}