{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s00442-005-0222-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-10-04", "title": "Variations In Soil N Cycling And Trace Gas Emissions In Wet Tropical Forests", "description": "We used a previously described precipitation gradient in a tropical montane ecosystem of Hawai'i to evaluate how changes in mean annual precipitation (MAP) affect the processes resulting in the loss of N via trace gases. We evaluated three Hawaiian forests ranging from 2200 to 4050 mm year-1 MAP with constant temperature, parent material, ecosystem age, and vegetation. In situ fluxes of N2O and NO, soil inorganic nitrogen pools (NH4+ and NO3-), net nitrification, and net mineralization were quantified four times over 2 years. In addition, we performed 15N-labeling experiments to partition sources of N2O between nitrification and denitrification, along with assays of nitrification potential and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA). Mean NO and N2O emissions were highest at the mesic end of the gradient (8.7+/-4.6 and 1.1+/-0.3 ng N cm-2 h-1, respectively) and total oxidized N emitted decreased with increased MAP. At the wettest site, mean trace gas fluxes were at or below detection limit (3% of the N deposition rate were calculated. This suggests that N2O losses of more than 3% of the N input can be indicative of soil ecosystems where the N input exceeds its demand. For NO a more limited data set showed losses ranging from 1.3 to 20% of the elevated N input. It was calculated that NH3 emissions from all intensive pig and poultry farms in Great Britain accounted for 18 t N2O\ue5f8N year\u22121 and that poultry farms accounted for less than 3 t NO\ue5f8N year\u22121.", "keywords": ["Nitrous oxide", "nitric oxide", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "soils", "01 natural sciences", "N deposition", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50067-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50067-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50067-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/b978-0-08-043201-4.50067-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-11", "title": "Annual Nitric And Nitrous Oxide Fluxes From Chinese Subtropical Plastic Greenhouse And Conventional Vegetable Cultivations", "description": "As intensive vegetable cultivation is rapidly expanding in China and elsewhere worldwide, its environmental consequences on nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions deserve attention. We measured N(2)O and NO fluxes simultaneously for a full year from Chinese subtropical vegetable fields. Clearly, both N(2)O and NO emissions varied greatly in different vegetable crop seasons within a year, highlighting the importance of whole-year measurement for achieving temporally accurate annual direct emission factors. A revised 'hole-in-the-pipe' model well described quantitative relationships between N(2)O plus NO fluxes and soil-specific conditions. Annual background N(2)O and NO emissions were 0.73-5.0 and 0.26-0.56 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively, for the vegetable cultivations. The farmers' fertilization practice increased N(2)O and NO emissions. Annual direct emission factors for greenhouse and conventional vegetable fields, respectively, were 1.1% and 1.9% for N(2)O, and 0.36% and 0.32% for NO, indicating there is a need to consider a differentiation of emission factors for managed vegetable cultivations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Gardening", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitric Oxide", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Vegetables", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "14. Life underwater", "Plastics", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2014.09.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.040", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-04", "title": "Nitric Oxide Emissions From Conventional Vegetable Fields In Southeastern China", "description": "Abstract We conducted multi-year observations of nitric oxide (NO) fluxes from typical vegetable fields in the Yangtze River delta, which is located in southeastern China. Flux measurements were performed manually twice per week at intervals of 2\u20133 days, in both fertilized and unfertilized fields, over an investigation period of 1448 days (September 2004\u2013August 2008). In total, twelve vegetable-growing periods and a short fallow period were investigated. On average, the NO fluxes from the fertilized plots were 21 times higher than fluxes from the unfertilized plots ( p \u22121 . The total amounts of NO emitted during the individual vegetable-growing periods correlated positively and exponentially with the products of seasonal mean soil temperatures and nitrogen addition rates ( R 2 \u00a0=\u00a00.87, p d , the loss rate of fertilizer nitrogen via NO emissions) for the four-year period was determined to be 0.51%\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.11% (standard error of 3 observations). The EF d s of individual vegetable-growing seasons ranged from 0.05% to 1.24%, varying linearly and positively with the products of seasonal mean soil temperatures and nitrogen addition rates ( R 2 \u00a0=\u00a00.58, p d s occurred in soils with moisture contents ranging from 55% to 100% water-filled pore space (mean: 79%; standard deviation: 9%). The results of this study indicate that when other conditions remain relatively stable, the direct emission factor, a key parameter for compiling an inventory of NO emissions from vegetable fields, may vary with not only soil temperature but also nitrogen addition.", "keywords": ["Background emission", "13. Climate action", "Soil temperature", "Nitric oxide", "Direct emission factor", "Vegetable", "Nitrogen fertilizer", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.040"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmospheric%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.040", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.040", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2009.02.040"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.043", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-13", "title": "Effectiveness Of Urease Inhibition On The Abatement Of Ammonia, Nitrous Oxide And Nitric Oxide Emissions In A Non-Irrigated Mediterranean Barley Field", "description": "Urea is considered the cheapest and most commonly used form of inorganic N fertilizer worldwide. However, its use is associated with emissions of ammonia (NH(3)), nitrous oxide (N(2)O) and nitric oxide (NO), which have both economic and environmental impact. Urease activity inhibitors have been proposed as a means to reduce NH(3) emissions, although limited information exists about their effect on N(2)O and NO emissions. In this context, a field experiment was carried out with a barley crop (Hordeum vulgare L.) under Mediterranean conditions to test the effectiveness of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) on reducing these gaseous N losses from surface applied urea. Crop yield, soil mineral N concentrations, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), denitrification potential, NH(3), N(2)O and NO fluxes were measured during the growing season. The inclusion of the inhibitor reduced NH(3) emissions in the 30 d following urea application by 58% and net N(2)O and NO emissions in the 95 d following urea application by 86% and 88%, respectively. NBPT addition also increased grain yield by 5% and N uptake by 6%, although neither increase was statistically significant. Under the experimental conditions presented here, these results demonstrate the potential of the urease inhibitor NBPT in abating NH(3), N(2)O and NO emissions from arable soils fertilized with urea, slowing urea hydrolysis and releasing lower concentrations of NH(4)(+) to the upper soil layer.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous Oxide", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitric Oxide", "Urease", "6. Clean water", "Organophosphorus Compounds", "Ammonia", "Air Pollution", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Enzyme Inhibitors", "Fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.043"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.043", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.043", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.04.043"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-21", "title": "Effect Of Inhibitors And Fertigation Strategies On Ghg Emissions, No Fluxes And Yield In Irrigated Maize", "description": "Abating large losses of nitrogen (N) oxides while maintaining or enhancing crop yield is a major goal in irrigated maize (Zea mays L) cropping areas. During two consecutive campaigns, the new nitrification inhibitor 2-(3,4-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) succinic acid isomeric mixture (DMPSA) applied with calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) and the same fertilizer applied by drip-fertigation without the inhibitor, were evaluated and compared with CAN broadcast to the surface and irrigated with sprinklers. Concurrently, urea-based treatments such as urea-fertigation and the broadcast application of urea combined with sprinkler irrigation, with or without the urease inhibitor N-butyl thiophosphorictriamide (NBPT), were also assessed. Nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) fluxes, grain and biomass yield and yieldscaled N2O emissions ofthe differenttreatments were compared.Additionally, methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were measured. On average, fertigation treatments led to a mitigation of N2O emissions with respect to sprinkler irrigation by 80% and 78% for CAN and urea, respectively. With regards to inhibitor-based strategies, the use of DMPSA and NBPT reduced N2O losses by 58% and 51%, respectively, considering the average of both maize cropping seasons. Since no differences in grain yield were observed between fertilized treatments, DMPSA and fertigation treatments gave the lowest values of yield-scaled N2O emissions, leading to reductions of 63%, 71% and 78% for CAN with DMPSA, urea-fertigation and CAN-fertigation, respectively, with respect to conventional management strategies (surface broadcast application and sprinkler irrigation). Low NO emissions during the first campaign masked differences between treatments, whereas during the second season, NO losses significantly decreased in the following order: conventional treatments > inhibitors > fertigation. Comparing conventional management practices, CAN significantly decreased emissions of N oxides compared with urea, but this effect was only observed in the second maize cropping season. The moisture distribution pattern in drip plots (dry and wet areas) caused a reduction of CH4 sink (only in one of the two seasons) and respiration fluxes, in comparison to sprinkler. This study shows that the use of the new nitrification inhibitor DMPSA and drip-fertigation should be promoted in irrigated maize agro-ecosystems, in order to mitigate emissions of N oxides without penalizing grain yield and leading to similar or enhanced biomass production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "GHG emission", "571", "Agricultura", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Nitrification inhibitor DMPSA", "6. Clean water", "Fertigation", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitric oxide emission", "Urease inhibitor NBPT", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2017.01.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-22", "title": "The Influence Of Soluble Carbon And Fertilizer Nitrogen On Nitric Oxide And Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Two Contrasting Agricultural Soils", "description": "Contradictory effects of simultaneous available organic C and N sources on nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitric oxide (NO) fluxes are reported in the literature. In order to clarify this controversy, laboratory experiments were conduced on two different soils, a semiarid arable soil from Spain (soil I, pH=7.5, 0.8%C) and a grassland soil from Scotland (soil II, pH=5.5, 4.1%C). Soils were incubated at two different moisture contents, at a water filled pore space (WFPS) of 90% and 40%. Ammonium sulphate, added at rates equivalent to 200 and 50 kg N ha\u22121, stimulated N2O and NO emissions in both soils. Under wet conditions (90% WFPS), at high and low rates of N additions, cumulative N2O emissions increased by 250.7 and 8.1 ng N2O\u2013N g\u22121 in comparison to the control, respectively, in soil I and by 472.2 and 2.1 ng N2O\u2013N g\u22121, respectively, in soil II. NO emissions only significantly increased in soil I at the high N application rate with and without glucose addition and at both 40% and 90% WFPS. In both soils additions of glucose together with the high N application rate (200 kg N ha\u22121) reduced cumulative N2O and NO emissions by 94% and 55% in soil I, and by 46% and 66% in soil II, respectively. These differences can be explained by differences in soil properties, including pH, soil mineral N and total and dissolved organic carbon content. It is speculated that nitrifier denitrification was the main source of NO and N2O in the C-poor Spanish soil, and coupled nitrification\u2013denitrification in the C-rich Scottish soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "mitigation", "mineral N", "nitrous oxide", "nitric oxide", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "glucose", "soil moisture", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.07.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/femsec/fiv066", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-20", "title": "Effects Of Warming And Drought On Potential N2o Emissions And Denitrifying Bacteria Abundance In Grasslands With Different Land-Use", "description": "Increased warming in spring and prolonged summer drought may alter soil microbial denitrification. We measured potential denitrification activity and denitrifier marker gene abundances (nirK, nirS, nosZ) in grasslands soils in three geographic regions characterized by site-specific land-use indices (LUI) after warming in spring, at an intermediate sampling and after summer drought. Potential denitrification was significantly increased by warming, but did not persist over the intermediate sampling. At the intermediate sampling, the relevance of grassland land-use intensity was reflected by increased potential N2O production at sites with higher LUI. Abundances of total bacteria did not respond to experimental warming or drought treatments, displaying resilience to minor and short-term effects of climate change. In contrast, nirS- and nirK-type denitrifiers were more influenced by drought in combination with LUI and pH, while the nosZ abundance responded to the summer drought manipulation. Land-use was a strong driver for potential denitrification as grasslands with higher LUI also had greater potentials for N2O emissions. We conclude that both warming and drought affected the denitrifying communities and the potential denitrification in grassland soils. However, these effects are overruled by regional and site-specific differences in soil chemical and physical properties which are also related to grassland land-use intensity.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "UFSP13-8 Global Change and Biodiversity", "Climate Change", "Microbial Consortia", "580 Plants (Botany)", "Nitric Oxide", "142-005 142-005", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "potential N2O emissions", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "2402 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology", "use index", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Biodiversity Exploratories", "denitrification", "Bacteria", "2404 Microbiology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "land", "climate change", "Genes", " Bacterial", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland", "microbial community", "2303 Ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiv066"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/FEMS%20Microbiology%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/femsec/fiv066", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/femsec/fiv066", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/femsec/fiv066"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13485", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:18:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-29", "title": "A meta-analysis of fertilizer-induced soil NO and combined NO+N2O emissions", "description": "Abstract

Soils are among the important sources of atmospheric nitric oxide (NO) and nitrous oxide (N2O), acting as a critical role in atmospheric chemistry. Updated data derived from 114 peer\uffe2\uff80\uff90reviewed publications with 520 field measurements were synthesized using meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis procedure to examine the N fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced soil NO and the combined NO+N2O emissions across global soils. Besides factors identified in earlier reviews, additional factors responsible for NO fluxes were fertilizer type, soil C/N ratio, crop residue incorporation, tillage, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, drought and biomass burning. When averaged across all measurements, soil NO\uffe2\uff80\uff90N fluxes were estimated to be 4.06\uffc2\uffa0kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, with the greatest (9.75\uffc2\uffa0kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in vegetable croplands and the lowest (0.11\uffc2\uffa0kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in rice paddies. Soil NO emissions were more enhanced by synthetic N fertilizer (+38%), relative to organic (+20%) or mixed N (+18%) sources. Compared with synthetic N fertilizer alone, synthetic N fertilizer combined with nitrification inhibitors substantially reduced soil NO emissions by 81%. The global mean direct emission factors of N fertilizer for NO (EFNO) and combined NO+N2O (EFc) were estimated to be 1.16% and 2.58%, with 95% confidence intervals of 0.71\uffe2\uff80\uff931.61% and 1.81\uffe2\uff80\uff933.35%, respectively. Forests had the greatest EFNO (2.39%). Within the croplands, the EFNO (1.71%) and EFc (4.13%) were the greatest in vegetable cropping fields. Among different chemical N fertilizer varieties, ammonium nitrate had the greatest EFNO (2.93%) and EFc (5.97%). Some options such as organic instead of synthetic N fertilizer, decreasing N fertilizer input rate, nitrification inhibitor and low irrigation frequency could be adopted to mitigate soil NO emissions. More field measurements over multiyears are highly needed to minimize the estimate uncertainties and mitigate soil NO emissions, particularly in forests and vegetable croplands.

", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous Oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Nitric Oxide", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13485"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13485", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13485", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13485"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2003.4230", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-02", "title": "Nitrous Oxide, Nitric Oxide, And Nitrogen Dioxide Fluxes From Soils After Manure And Urea Application", "description": "ABSTRACT

Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas, and NO and NO2 play a key role in atmospheric chemistry. Nitrous oxide, NO, and NO2 fluxes from fertilized soils were measured six times per day by an automated flux monitoring system for one year, beginning on 21 May 1998. Pac choi (Brassica spp.) was cultivated for two months, and the plots were left fallow the remainder of the year. Two types of manure, poultry manure (PM) and swine manure (SM), and a chemical fertilizer, urea, were applied to the soil. The total amount of nitrogen applied in each case was 15 g N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 The total fluxes from PM, SM, and urea for the year were 184, 61.3, and 44.8 mg N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 for N2O, respectively; 9.95, 16.6, and 148 mg N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 for NO, respectively; and \uffe2\uff88\uff926.21, \uffe2\uff88\uff927.23, and \uffe2\uff88\uff927.84 mg N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 for NO2, respectively. A negative correlation was found between the NO flux and the NO concentration of the chamber air just after the chamber was closed, when a flux from the atmosphere to soil was observed for 10 months. The mean gross NO production, the NO uptake rate constant, and the apparent compensation point for this period were 0.79 to 0.95 \uffce\uffbcg N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921, 120 to 128 L m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921, and 5.65 to 7.35 ppbv, respectively.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Nitrogen Dioxide", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitric Oxide", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hiroko Akiyama, Haruo Tsuruta,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.4230"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2003.4230", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2003.4230", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2003.4230"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-10", "title": "Nitrogen Oxide And Methane Emissions Under Varying Tillage And Fertilizer Management", "description": "ABSTRACT

Comprehensive assessment of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) budget of reduced tillage agricultural systems must consider emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), each of which have higher global warming potentials than carbon dioxide (CO2). Tillage intensity may also impact nitric oxide (NO) emissions, which can have various environmental and agronomic impacts. In 2003 and 2004, we used chambers to measure N2O, CH4, and NO fluxes from plots that had been managed under differing tillage intensity since 1991. The effect of tillage on non\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 GHG emissions varied, in both magnitude and direction, depending on fertilizer practices. Emissions of N2O following broadcast urea (BU) application were higher under no till (NT) and conservation tillage (CsT) compared to conventional tillage (CT). In contrast, following anhydrous ammonia (AA) injection, N2O emissions were higher under CT and CsT compared to NT. Emissions following surface urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) application did not vary with tillage. Total growing season non\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 GHG emissions were equivalent to CO2 emissions of 0.15 to 1.9 Mg CO2 ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 or 0.04 to 0.53 Mg soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 Emissions of N2O from AA\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended plots were two to four times greater than UAN\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and BU\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended plots. Total NO + N2O losses in the UAN treatment were approximately 50% lower than AA and BU. This study demonstrates that N2O emissions can represent a substantial component of the total GHG budget of reduced tillage systems, and that interactions between fertilizer and tillage practices can be important in controlling non\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 GHG emissions.

", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Analysis of Variance", "Chromatography", " Gas", "Time Factors", "Minnesota", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitric Oxide", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Methane", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0018", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2011.0240", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-05", "title": "Broadcast Urea Reduces N2o But Increases No Emissions Compared With Conventional And Shallow-Applied Anhydrous Ammonia In A Coarse-Textured Soil", "description": "

Despite the importance of anhydrous ammonia (AA) and urea as nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources in the United States, there have been few direct comparisons of their effects on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions. We compared N oxide emissions, yields, and N fertilizer recovery efficiency (NFRE) in a corn (Zea mays L.) production system that used three different fertilizer practices: urea that was broadcast and incorporated (BU) and AA that was injected at a conventional depth (0.20 m) (AAc) and at a shallower depth (0.10 m) (AAs). Averaged over 2 yr in an irrigated loamy sand in Minnesota, growing season N2O emissions increased in the order BU < AAc < AAs. In contrast, NO emissions were greater with BU than with AAc or AAs. Emissions of N2O ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (50\uffe2\uff80\uff93140 g N Mg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 grain), while NO emissions ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (20\uffe2\uff80\uff9370 g N Mg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 grain). Emissions of total N oxides (NO + N2O) increased in the order AAc < BU < AAs. Despite having the greatest emissions of N2O and total N oxides, the AAs treatment had greater NFRE compared with the AAc treatment. These results provide additional evidence that AA emits more N2O, but less NO, than broadcast urea and show that practices to reduce N2O emissions do not always improve N use efficiency.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Environmental Engineering", "Monitoring", "Policy and Law", "Climate", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitric Oxide", "Pollution", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Management", "Soil", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Waste Management and Disposal", "Water Science and Technology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0240"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2011.0240", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2011.0240", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2011.0240"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.8812m", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:23Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Soil trace gas fluxes along orthogonal precipitation and soil fertility gradients in tropical lowland forests of Panama", "description": "unspecifiedTropical lowland forest soils are significant sources and sinks of trace gases. In order to model soil trace gas flux for future climate scenarios, it is necessary to be able to predict changes in soil trace gas fluxes along natural gradients of soil fertility and climatic characteristics. We quantified trace gas fluxes in lowland forest soils at five locations in Panama, which encompassed orthogonal precipitation and soil fertility gradients. Soil trace gas fluxes were measured monthly for 1 (NO) or 2 (CO2, CH4, N2O) years (2010\u20132012) using vented dynamic (for NO only) or static chambers with permanent bases. Across the five sites, annual fluxes ranged from 8.0 to 10.2\u202fMg CO2-C, \u22122.0 to \u22120.3\u202fkg CH4-C, 0.4 to 1.3\u202fkg N2O-N and \u22120.82 to \u22120.03\u202fkg NO-N\u202fha\u22121\u202fyr\u22121. Soil CO2 emissions did not differ across sites, but they did exhibit clear seasonal differences and a parabolic pattern with soil moisture across sites. All sites were CH4 sinks; within-site fluxes were largely controlled by soil moisture, whereas fluxes across sites were positively correlated with an integrated index of soil fertility. Soil N2O fluxes were low throughout the measurement years, but the highest emissions occurred at a mid-precipitation site with high soil N availability. Net negative NO fluxes at the soil surface occurred at all sites, with the most negative fluxes at the low-precipitation site closest to Panama City; this was likely due to high ambient NO concentrations from anthropogenic sources. Our study highlights the importance of both short-term (climatic) and long-term (soil and site characteristics) factors in predicting soil trace gas fluxes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Greenhouse gases", "Carbon dioxide", "nitrous oxide", "13. Climate action", "Nitric oxide", "Soil characteristics", "15. Life on land", "Methane"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Matson, Amanda L., Corre, Marife D., Langs, Kerstin, Veldkamp, Edzo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8812m"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.8812m", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.8812m", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.8812m"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-07-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.fj6q573x9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:21:26Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "A synthesis of nitric oxide emissions across global fertilized croplands from crop-specific emission factors", "description": "Nitrogen (N)-fertilizer application to agricultural soils results in substantial emissions of nitric oxide (NO), a key substance in tropospheric chemistry involved in climate forcing and air pollution. However, estimates of global cropland NO emissions remain uncertain due to a lack of information on direct NO emission factors (EFds) of applied N for variours cropping systems at seasonal or annual scales. Here we quantified the crop-specific seasonal and annual-scale NO EFds through synthesizing 1094 measurements from 125 field-based studies worldwide. The global mean crop-specific seasonal EFd was 0.53%, with the highest for vegetables (0.75%). Among cereal crops, the EFd of maize (0.45%) or wheat (0.47%) was about three-times higher than for rice (0.12%). At annual scale, the mean EFd across all cropping systems was 0.58%, with tea plantations having the highest (1.54%). For other cropping systems, the annual-scale EFds ranged from 0.02% to 1.07%. Besides crop type, also soil organic carbon, total N and pH as well as N fertilizer type were the main factors explaining the variations of NO EFds. Based on obtained specific EFds for each crop type, we estimated that NO emissions due to the use of synthetic fertilizers from global croplands are about 0.42\u20130.62 Tg N yr\u22121. Our budgets are relatively lower if compared to estimates derived by the use of IPCC defaults for NO emissions (0.72\u20131.66 Tg N yr\u22121) or reported elsewhere (0.67\u20131.04 Tg N yr\u22121). In our estimates, cash crops (vegetable, tea and orchard), which cover only 9% of the world cropland area, contributed about 31% to total NO emissions from global fertilized croplands. Overall, our meta-analysis provides improved crop-specific NO EFds reflecting current stage of knowledge. The work also highlights the relative importance of cash crop production as sources for atmospheric NO, i.e., agricultural systems on which mitigation efforts may focus.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "cropland NO emission", "13. Climate action", "Nitric oxide", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wang, Yan, Yao, Zhisheng, Zheng, Xunhua, Subramaniam, Logapragasan, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.fj6q573x9"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.fj6q573x9", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.fj6q573x9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.fj6q573x9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "17190727", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:25:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-27", "title": "Long-Acting Calcium Channel Blocker, Azelnidipine, Increases Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in the Brain and Inhibits Sympathetic Nerve Activity", "description": "Nitric oxide (NO) in the central nervous system inhibits sympathetic nerve activity, thereby decreasing blood pressure. It is unknown, however, whether orally administered antihypertensive treatment alters NO synthase (NOS) expression, particularly in the brain, and how changes in NOS expression affects sympathetic nerve activity. Azelnidipine, a recently developed long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker, does not cause baroreflex-induced tachycardia. The aim of the present study was to determine whether antihypertensive treatment with azelnidipine alters endothelial NOS (eNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS), or inducible NOS (iNOS) expression in the brain, and how changes in NOS affect sympathetic nerve activity. Azelnidipine (20 mg/kg/day) or hydralazine (20 mg/kg/day) was orally administered for 30 days in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Blood pressure and heart rate were measured by the tail cuff method. Urinary norepinephrine excretion was measured as a marker of sympathetic nerve activity. Western blot analysis was performed to examine eNOS, nNOS, or iNOS expression levels in the brain (cortex, cerebellum, hypothalamus, and the brain stem), heart, and aorta. The extent of blood pressure reduction was similar between the two groups. Heart rate increased in the hydralazine-treated group but did not change in the azelnidipine-treated group. Urinary norepinephrine excretion was significantly increased only in the hydralazine-treated group. Treatment with azelnidipine significantly increased eNOS expression levels in the brain, heart, and aorta, but did not alter nNOS or iNOS expression levels. Treatment with hydralazine did not change any of the NOS expression levels. These results suggest that antihypertensive treatment with azelnidipine attenuates reflex-induced sympathetic activation and enhances eNOS expression levels in the brain as well as in the heart and aorta.", "keywords": ["Male", "Dihydropyridines", "Sympathetic Nervous System", "Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III", "Myocardium", "Brain", "Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II", "Blood Pressure", "Rats", " Inbred Strains", "Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I", "Calcium Channel Blockers", "Rats", "3. Good health", "Enzyme Activation", "Norepinephrine", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "Heart Rate", "Rats", " Inbred SHR", "Animals", "Azetidinecarboxylic Acid", "Aorta"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yoshikuni, Kimura, Yoshitaka, Hirooka, Yoji, Sagara, Kenji, Sunagawa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/17190727"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Clinical%20and%20Experimental%20Hypertension", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "17190727", "name": "item", "description": "17190727", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/17190727"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11573/1419330", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:24:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-05", "title": "Variability in pulmonary diffusing capacity in heart failure", "description": "As pulmonary diffusing capacity is related to mortality risk and prognosis in patients with heart failure (HF), it is measured frequently. As such, it would be essential to know the week-to-week variability (reproducibility) of pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) and nitric oxide (DLNO). This variability would let clinicians understand what a clinically measurable change in DLCO and DLNO would be in these patients.On three different days spanning over ten weeks, 40\u2009H\u2009F patients underwent testing for DLCO and DLNO. DLCO was determined after a 4\u2009s and 10\u2009s breath-hold maneuver, while DLNO was determined after a 4\u2009s breath-hold maneuver.Forty heart failure patients (66\u2009\u00b1\u200910 years; BMI\u2009=\u200928.4\u2009\u00b1\u20094.6\u2009kg\u2219m-2; 28 males), that were referred to our clinic were able to complete the protocol. DLCO (4\u2009s breath-hold) and DLNO (4\u2009s breath-hold) were 79\u2009\u00b1\u200919 % and 59\u2009\u00b1\u200914 % predicted, respectively. Fifty percent of patients (n\u2009=\u200920) were below the lower limit of normal (LLN, below the 5th percentile) for predicted DLCO (4\u2009s), while 78 % of patients (n\u2009=\u200931) were below the LLN for predicted DLNO. All 16 patients that were below the LLN for DLCO were also below the LLN for DLNO. Over a ten week period, the reproducibility of DLNO (4\u2009s) DLCO (4\u2009s) and DLCO (10\u2009s) was 18.9, 8.2, and 5.9\u2009mL\u2009min\u2009mmHg-1, respectively.The week-to-week fluctuation in DLNO (4\u2009s), as a percentage, is less than DLCO (4\u2009s) in patients with HF. The reproducibility of DLNO in patients with HF is like that of healthy subjects.", "keywords": ["Male", "DLCO; DLNO; lung function; heart failure; reproducibility", "Physiology (science-metrix)", "Heart Disease (rcdc)", "Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity (mesh)", "3208 Medical physiology (for-2020)", "Heart failure", "Nitric Oxide", "Lung (rcdc)", "DLCO", "DLCO; DLNO; Heart failure; Lung function; Reproducibility;", "Clinical Research (rcdc)", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "1102 Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology (for)", "Middle Aged (mesh)", "Reproducibility of Results (mesh)", "Humans", "32 Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (for-2020)", "Male (mesh)", "3202 Clinical Sciences (for-2020)", "Carbon Monoxide (mesh)", "Aged", "DLNO", "Heart Failure", "Humans (mesh)", "Carbon Monoxide", "Cardiovascular (hrcs-hc)", "Aged (mesh)", "3201 Cardiovascular medicine and haematology (for-2020)", "Reproducibility of Results", "Heart Failure (mesh)", "Middle Aged", "1109 Neurosciences (for)", "Lung function", "Reproducibility", "3. Good health", "1116 Medical Physiology (for)", "4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies (hrcs-rac)", "Female (mesh)", "Nitric Oxide (mesh)", "Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity", "Cardiovascular (rcdc)", "Female"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/743296/2/agostoni%203.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11573/1419330"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Respiratory%20Physiology%20%26amp%3B%20Neurobiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11573/1419330", "name": "item", "description": "11573/1419330", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11573/1419330"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitric+Oxide&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitric+Oxide&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitric+Oxide&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitric+Oxide&offset=19", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 19, "numberReturned": 19, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-27T11:04:01.235943Z"}