{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-21", "title": "How Important Is N2o Production In Removing Atmospherically Deposited Nitrogen From Uk Moorland Catchments?", "description": "Nitrate (NO3\u2212) leaching due to anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is an environmental problem in many parts of the UK uplands, associated with surface water acidification and affecting lake nutrient balances. It is often assumed that gaseous return of deposited N to the atmosphere as N2O through denitrification may provide an important sink for N. This assumption was tested for four moorland catchments (Allt a\u2019Mharcaidh in the Cairngorms, Afon Gwy in mid-Wales, Scoat Tarn in the English Lake District and River Etherow in the southern Pennines), covering gradients of atmospheric N deposition and surface water NO3\u2212 leaching, through a combination of field and laboratory experiments. Field measurements of N2O fluxes from static chambers with and without additions of NH4NO3 solution were carried out every 4 weeks over 1 yr. Wetted soil cores from the same field plots were used in experimental laboratory incubations at 5 and 15 \u00b0C with and without additions of NH4NO3 solution, followed by measurement of N2O fluxes. Field measurements showed that significant N2O fluxes occurred in only a very small number of plots with most showing zero values for much of the year. The maximum fluxes were 0.24 kg-N/ha/yr from unamended plots at the River Etherow and 0.49 kg-N/ha/yr from plots with NH4NO3 additions at the Allt a\u2019Mharcaidh. Laboratory incubation experiments demonstrated that large N2O fluxes could be induced by warming and NH4NO3 additions, with the top 5 cm of soil cores responsible for the largest fluxes, reaching 11.8 kg-N/ha/yr from a podsol at Scoat Tarn. Acetylene block experiments showed that while N2 was not likely to be a significant denitrification product in these soils, reduced N2O fluxes indicated that nitrification was an important source of N2O in many cases. A simple model of denitrification suggesting that 10\u201380% of net N inputs may be denitrified from non-agricultural soils was found to greatly over-estimate fluxes in the UK uplands. The proportion of deposition denitrified was found to be much closer to the IPCC suggested value of 1% with an upper limit of 10%. Interception of N deposition by vegetation may greatly reduce the net supply of N from this source, while soil acidification or other factors limiting carbon supply to soil microbes may prevent large denitrification fluxes even where NO3\u2212 supply is not limiting.", "keywords": ["denitrification", "nitrous oxide", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "moorlands", "nitrogen deposition", "acidification", "13. Climate action", "nitrate leaching", "nitrogen saturation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.01.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-20", "title": "Do Earthworms Increase N2o Emissions In Ploughed Grassland?", "description": "Abstract   Earthworm activity has been reported to lead to increased production of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). This is due to emissions from worms themselves, their casts and drilosphere, as well as to general changes in soil structure. However, it remains to be determined how important this effect is on N2O fluxes from agricultural systems under realistic conditions in terms of earthworm density, soil moisture, tillage activity and residue loads. We quantified the effect of earthworm presence on N2O emissions from a pasture after simulated ploughing of the sod (\u2018grassland renovation\u2019) for different soil moisture contents during a 62-day mesocosm study. Sod (with associated soil) and topsoil were separately collected from a loamy Typic Fluvaquent. Treatments included low (L), medium (M) and high (H) moisture content, in combination with: only soil (S); soil+incorporated sod (SG); soil+incorporated sod+the anecic earthworm Aporrectodea longa (SGE). Nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes were measured for 62\u00a0d. At the end of the incubation period, we determined N2O production under water-saturated conditions, potential denitrification and potential mineralization of the soil after removing the earthworms. Cumulative N2O and CO2 fluxes over 62\u00a0d from incorporated sod were highest for treatment HSGE (973\u00a0\u03bcg N2O-N and 302\u00a0mg CO2-C\u00a0kg\u22121 soil) and lowest for LSG (64\u00a0\u03bcg N2O-N and 188\u00a0mg CO2-C\u00a0kg\u22121 soil). Both cumulative fluxes were significantly different for soil moisture (p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "denitrification", "casts", "carbon", "permanent pastures", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "fluxes", "6. Clean water", "nitrous-oxide emissions", "13. Climate action", "soil organic-matter", "community", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "denitrifying bacteria", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.09.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-11", "title": "Earthworm Activity As A Determinant For N2o Emission From Crop Residue", "description": "Earthworm activity may have an effect on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from crop residue. However, the importance of this effect and its main controlling variables are largely unknown. The main objective of this study was to determine under which conditions and to what extent earthworm activity impacts N2O emissions from grass residue. For this purpose we initiated a 90-day (experiment I) and a 50-day (experiment II) laboratory mesocosm experiment using a Typic Fluvaquent pasture soil with silt loam texture. In all treatments, residue was applied, and emissions of NO and carbon dioxide (CO2) were measured. In experiment I the residue was applied on top of the soil surface and we tested (a) the effects of the anecic earthworm species Aporrectodea longa (Ude) vs. the epigeic species Lumbricus rubellus (Hoffmeister) and (b) interactions between earthworm activity and bulk density (1.06 vs. 1.61 g cm(-3)). In experiment II we tested the effect of L. rubellus after residue was artificially incorporated in the soil. In experiment 1, N2O emissions in the presence of earthworms significantly increased from 55.7 to 789.1 mu g N2O-N kg(-1) soil (L. rubellus; p <0.001) or to 227.2 mu g N2O-N kg(-1) soil (A. longa, p <0.05). This effect was not dependent on bulk density. However, if the residue was incorporated into the soil (experiment II) the earthworm effect disappeared and emissions were higher (1064.2 mu g N2O-N kg(-1) soil). At the end of the experiment and after removal of earthworms, a drying/wetting and freezing/thawing cycle resulted in significantly higher emissions of NO and CO2 from soil with prior presence of L. rubellus. Soil with prior presence of L. rubellus also had higher potential denitrification. We conclude that the main effect of earthworm activity on N2O emissions is through mixing residue into the soil, switching residue decomposition from an aerobic and low denitrification pathway to one with significant denitrification and NO production. Furthermore, A. longa activity resulted in more stable soil organic matter than L. rubellus. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "aporrectodea-turgida", "carbon", "octolasion-tyrtaeum", "lumbricus-terrestris", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "denitrification rates", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "nitrous-oxide emission", "soil organic-matter", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agricultural soils", "denitrifying bacteria", "management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-29", "title": "Biochar Suppresses N2o Emissions While Maintaining N Availability In A Sandy Loam Soil", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N2O) from agricultural soil is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions. Biochar amendment can contribute to climate change mitigation by suppressing emissions of N2O from soil, although the mechanisms underlying this effect are poorly understood. We investigated the effect of biochar on soil N2O emissions and N cycling processes by quantifying soil N immobilisation, denitrification, nitrification and mineralisation rates using 15N pool dilution techniques and the FLUAZ numerical calculation model. We then examined whether biochar amendment affected N2O emissions and the availability and transformations of N in soils.    Our results show that biochar suppressed cumulative soil N2O production by 91% in near-saturated, fertilised soils. Cumulative denitrification was reduced by 37%, which accounted for 85\u201395 % of soil N2O emissions. We also found that physical/chemical and biological ammonium (NH4+) immobilisation increased with biochar amendment but that nitrate (NO3\u2212) immobilisation decreased. We concluded that this immobilisation was insignificant compared to total soil inorganic N content. In contrast, soil N mineralisation significantly increased by 269% and nitrification by 34% in biochar-amended soil.    These findings demonstrate that biochar amendment did not limit inorganic N availability to nitrifiers and denitrifiers, therefore limitations in soil NH4+ and NO3\u2212 supply cannot explain the suppression of N2O emissions. These results support the concept that biochar application to soil could significantly mitigate agricultural N2O emissions through altering N transformations, and underpin efforts to develop climate-friendly agricultural management techniques.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "denitrification", "mineralisation", "nitrous oxide", "Mineralisation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrate", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "ammonium", "Biochar", "immobilisation", "nitrate", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "Denitrification", "Immobilisation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biochar", "Ammonium", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-10", "title": "Evidence For Denitrification As Main Source Of N2o Emission From Residue-Amended Soil", "description": "Catch crops, especially leguminous catch crops, may increase crop nitrogen (N) supply and decrease environmental impacts in cropping systems, but they may also stimulate nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions following spring incorporation. In this 28-day laboratory incubation study, we examined the carbon (C) and N dynamics and N2O evolution after simulated incorporation of residues from three catch crop species into a loamy sand soil, with variable soil moisture (40, 50 or 60% water-filled pore space (WFPS)). The catch crops include two leguminous (red clover and winter vetch) and one non-leguminous species (ryegrass). Plant material was placed in a discrete layer surrounded by soil in which the nitrate (NO3\u2212) pool was enriched with 15N to distinguish N2O derived from denitrification and nitrification. Net N mineralisation from leguminous catch crops was significant (30\u201348\u00a0mg\u00a0N\u00a0kg\u22121 soil, accounting for 41\u201356% of the added residue-N), whereas ryegrass incorporation resulted in net N immobilisation. The evolution of N2O was probably enhanced by N release from the residues, especially during the second week, which can explain the lower N2O evolution after application of ryegrass. Emission of N2O occurred at all moisture levels, but was higher at 50 and 60% WFPS than at 40% in soil with leguminous residues. The 15N enrichment of N2O indicated that denitrification was the dominant source independent of moisture level and residue type. We conclude that catch crop residues will stimulate N2O emissions via denitrification over a wide range of soil moisture conditions, but that emission levels may depend significantly on residue quality and soil moisture.", "keywords": ["Leguminous cover crop", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "15N labelling", "Nutrient turnover", "Mineralisation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "incubation", "15. Life on land", "Air and water emissions", "Pasture and forage crops", "Crop combinations and interactions", "13. Climate action", "Farm nutrient management", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Incubation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.10.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.watres.2020.116748", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-12-16", "title": "Electro-bioremediation of nitrate and arsenite polluted groundwater.", "description": "The coexistence of different pollutants in groundwater is a common threat. Sustainable and resilient technologies are required for their treatment. The present study aims to evaluate microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) for treating groundwater contaminated with nitrate (NO3-) while containing arsenic (in form of arsenite (As(III)) as a co-contaminant. The treatment was based on the combination of nitrate reduction to dinitrogen gas and arsenite oxidation to arsenate (exhibiting less toxicity, solubility, and mobility), which can be removed more easily in further post-treatment. We operated a bioelectrochemical reactor at continuous-flow mode with synthetic contaminated groundwater (33 mg N-NO3- L-1 and 5 mg As(III) L-1) identifying the key operational conditions. Different hydraulic retention times (HRT) were evaluated, reaching a maximum nitrate reduction rate of 519 g N-NO3- m3Net Cathodic Compartment d-1 at HRT of 2.3 h with a cathodic coulombic efficiency of around 100 %. Simultaneously, arsenic oxidation was complete at all HRT tested down to 1.6 h reaching an oxidation rate of up to 90 g As(III) m-3Net Reactor Volume d -1. Electrochemical and microbiological characterization of single granules suggested that arsenite at 5 mg L-1 did not have an inhibitory effect on a denitrifying biocathode mainly represented by Sideroxydans sp. Although the coexistence of abiotic and biotic arsenic oxidation pathways was shown to be likely, microbial arsenite oxidation linked to denitrification by Achromobacter sp. was the most probable pathway. This research paves the ground towards a real application for treating groundwater with widespread pollutants.", "keywords": ["Nitrates", "Arsenites", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Bioremediaci\u00f3", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Arsenic", "12. Responsible consumption", "Bioelectrochemistry", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "13. Climate action", "Aig\u00fces subterr\u00e0nies -- Contaminaci\u00f3", "Denitrification", "Groundwater -- Pollution", "Desnitrificaci\u00f3", "Groundwater", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Bioremediation", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Bioelectroqu\u00edmica", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116748"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.watres.2020.116748", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.watres.2020.116748", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.watres.2020.116748"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2010jg001494", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-03", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions And Isotopic Composition In Urban And Agricultural Systems In Southern California", "description": "[1]\u00a0Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a powerful greenhouse gas increasing in atmospheric mixing ratio and linked to increasing amounts of reactive N in the environment, particularly fertilizer use in agriculture. The consequences of urbanization of agricultural land for global and regional N2O emissions are unclear, due to high spatial and temporal variability of fluxes from different ecosystems and relatively few studies of urban ecosystems. We measured fluxes and the stable isotope composition (\u03b415N and \u03b418O) of N2O over 1 year in urban (ornamental lawns and athletic fields) and agricultural (corn and vegetable fields) ecosystems near Los Angeles, California, United States. We found that urban landscapes (lawns and athletic fields) have annual N2O fluxes equal to or greater than agricultural fields. Fertilization rates of urban landscapes were equal to or greater than agricultural fields, with comparable N2O emissions factors. \u03b415N and \u03b418O of N2O varied widely in all ecosystems, and were not consistent with ecosystem type, season, soil moisture, or temperature. There was, however, a consistent response of \u03b415N-N2O to pulses of N2O emission following fertilization, with an initial depletion in \u03b415N relative to prefertilization values, then gradual enrichment to background values within about 1 week. Preliminary scaling calculations indicated that N2O emissions from urban landscapes are approximately equal to or greater than agricultural emissions in urbanized areas of southern California, which further implies that current estimates of regional N2O emissions (based on agricultural land area) may be too low.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "long-term", "denitrification", "variability", "methane", "cycle (with supplement)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon-dioxide", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "nitrification", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "global n2o budget", "soil-moisture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "oxygen-exchange", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt7q9586fd/qt7q9586fd.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jg001494"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2010jg001494", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2010jg001494", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2010jg001494"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.1c03586", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-02", "title": "Impact of Periodic Polarization on Groundwater Denitrification in Bioelectrochemical Systems.", "description": "Nitrate contamination is a common problem in groundwater around the world. Nitrate can be cathodically reduced in bioelectrochemical systems using autotrophic denitrifiers with low energy investment and without chemical addition. Successful denitrification was demonstrated in previous studies in both microbial fuel cells and microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) with continuous current flow, whereas the impact of intermittent current supply (e.g., in a fluidized-bed system) on denitrification and particularly the electron-storing capacity of the denitrifying electroactive biofilms (EABs) on the cathodes have not been studied in depth. In this study, two continuously fed MECs were operated in parallel under continuous and periodic polarization modes over 280 days, respectively. Under continuous polarization, the maximum denitrification rate reached 233 g NO3--N/m3/d with 98% nitrate removal (0.6 mg NO3--N/L in the effluent) with negligible intermediate production, while under a 30 s open-circuit/30 s polarization mode, 86% of nitrate was removed at a maximum rate of 205 g NO3--N/m3/d (4.5 mg NO3--N/L in the effluent) with higher N2O production (6.6-9.3 mg N/L in the effluent). Conversely, periodic polarization could be an interesting approach in other bioelectrochemical processes if the generation of chemical intermediates (partially reduced or oxidized) should be favored. Similar microbial communities dominated byGallionellaceaewere found in both MECs; however, swapping the polarization modes and the electrochemical analyses suggested that the periodically polarized EABs probably developed a higher ability for electron storage and transfer, which supported the direct electron transfer pathway in discontinuous operation or fluidized biocathodes.", "keywords": ["bioelectrochemical systems (BESs)", "periodic polarization", "Autotrophic Processes", "Technology and Engineering", "denitrification", "Nitrates", "AUTOTROPHIC DENITRIFICATION", "EABs", "Bioelectric Energy Sources", "NITRATE-CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER", "02 engineering and technology", "6. Clean water", "REDUCTION", "REMOVAL", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "BACTERIA", "ACETATE", "Denitrification", "MICROBIAL FUEL-CELLS", "ELECTRON-TRANSFER", "BIOFILM", "0210 nano-technology", "Groundwater", "STORAGE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.1c03586"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03586"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.1c03586", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.1c03586", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.1c03586"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.4c12247", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-02-27", "title": "Predicting Toxicity toward Nitrifiers by Attention-Enhanced Graph Neural Networks and Transfer Learning from Baseline Toxicity", "description": "Assessing chemical environmental impacts is critical but challenging due to the time-consuming nature of experimental testing. Graph neural networks (GNNs) support superior prediction performance and mechanistic interpretation of (eco-)toxicity data, but face the risk of overfitting on the typically small experimental data sets. In contrast to purely data-driven approaches, we propose a mechanism-guided transfer learning strategy that is highly efficient and provides key insights into the underlying drivers of (eco-)toxicity. By leveraging the mechanistic link between baseline toxicity and toxicity toward nitrifiers, we pretrained a GNN on lipophilicity data (log P) and subsequently fine-tuned it on the limited data set of toxicity toward nitrifiers, achieving prediction performance comparable with pretraining on much larger but mechanistically less relevant data sets. Additionally, we enhanced GNN interpretability by adjusting multihead attentions after convolutional layers to identify key substructures, and quantified their contributions using a Shapley Value method adapted for graph-structured data with improved computational efficiency. The highlighted substructures aligned well with and effectively distinguished known structural alerts for baseline toxicity and specific modes of toxic action in nitrifiers. The proposed strategy will allow uncovering new structural alerts in other (eco)toxicity data, and thus foster new mechanistic insights to support chemical risk assessment and safe-by-design principles.", "keywords": ["Neural Networks", " Computer", "Nitrification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c12247"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.4c12247", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.4c12247", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.4c12247"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-02-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1004383015778", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "The Effect Of Different N Substrates On Biological N2o Production From Forest And Agricultural Light Textured Soils", "description": "N2O emissions from two slightly alkaline sandy soils, from arable land and a woodland, were determined in a laboratory experiment in which the soils were incubated with different sources of nitrogen, with or without glucose, and with 0, 1 and 100 mL C2H2 L-1. Large differences in the rate of N2O production were observed between the two soils and between the different N treatments. The arable soil showed very low N2O emissions derived from reduced forms of N as compared with the N2O which was produced when the soil was provided with NO2- or NO3- and a C source, suggesting a very active denitrifier population. In contrast, the woodland soil showed a very low denitrification activity and a much higher N2O production derived from the oxidation of NH4+ and reduction of NO2- by some processes probably mediated by autotrophic or heterotrophic nitrifiers or dissimilatory NO2- reducers. In both soils, the highest N2O emissions were induced by NO2- addition. Those emissions were demonstrated to have a biological origin, as no significant N2O emissions were measured when the soil was autoclaved.", "keywords": ["Acetylene; Denitrification; N sources; N; 2; O; Nitrification;"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004383015778"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1004383015778", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1004383015778", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1004383015778"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1004518730970", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-21", "description": "Elevated atmospheric CO2 has the potential to change below-ground nutrient cycling and thereby alter the soil-atmosphere exchange of biogenic trace gases. We measured fluxes of CH4 and N2O in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) stands grown in open-top chambers under ambient and twice-ambient CO2 concentrations crossed with \u2018high\u2019 and low soil-N conditions.", "keywords": ["measurement-", "nitrous-oxide", "flux-", "Vascular-Plants", "poplars-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "photosynthesis-", "Nutrition-", "carbon-dioxide: atmospheric-concentration", "stand-growth", "nitrogen-cycle", "michigan-", "methane-: flux-", "soil-", "nitrogen-", "Populus-tremuloides [aspen-] (Salicaceae-)", "carbon-cycle", "methane-production", "soil-fertility", "Salicaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "populus-tremuloides", "cycling-", "Spermatophytes-", "Spermatophyta-", "Plantae-", "biological-activity-in-soil", "Climatology- (Environmental-Sciences)", "Angiosperms-", "Angiospermae-", "Plants-", "gases-", "oxidation-", "forest-soils", "methane-", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "GLOBAL-ECOLOGY", "15. Life on land", "enzyme-activity", "gas-exchange", "nitrous-oxide: emission-", "soil-water", "13. Climate action", "denitrification-", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil-bacteria", "Dicots-", "efflux-"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004518730970"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1004518730970", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1004518730970", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1004518730970"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/nclimate1692", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-31", "title": "Greenhouse-gas emissions from soils increased by earthworms", "description": "Earthworms play an essential part in determining the greenhouse-gas balance of soils worldwide but whether their activity moves soils towards being a net source or sink remains controversial. This Review of the overall effect of earthworms on the greenhouse-gas balance of soils suggests that although beneficial to fertility, earthworms tend to increase the net soil emissions of such gases.", "keywords": ["organic-matter dynamics", "2. Zero hunger", "ecosystem engineers", "suelo", "soil fertility", "n2o emission", "earthworms", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "fertilidad del suelo", "endogeic earthworms", "15. Life on land", "carbon-dioxide", "microbial activity", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "crop residue", "13. Climate action", "greenhouse gases", "11. Sustainability", "gases de efecto invernadero", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nitrous-oxide fluxes", "agricultural intensification", "nitrifier denitrification", "lombriz de tierra"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1692"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Climate%20Change", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/nclimate1692", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/nclimate1692", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/nclimate1692"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41396-021-01064-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-27", "title": "Ammonia-oxidizing archaea possess a wide range of cellular ammonia affinities", "description": "Abstract                <p>Nitrification, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrate, is an essential process in the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. The first step of nitrification, ammonia oxidation, is performed by three, often co-occurring guilds of chemolithoautotrophs: ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), archaea (AOA), and complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox). Substrate kinetics are considered to be a major niche-differentiating factor between these guilds, but few AOA strains have been kinetically characterized. Here, the ammonia oxidation kinetic properties of 12 AOA representing all major cultivated phylogenetic lineages were determined using microrespirometry. Members of the genus Nitrosocosmicus have the lowest affinity for both ammonia and total ammonium of any characterized AOA, and these values are similar to previously determined ammonia and total ammonium affinities of AOB. This contrasts previous assumptions that all AOA possess much higher substrate affinities than their comammox or AOB counterparts. The substrate affinity of ammonia oxidizers correlated with their cell surface area to volume ratios. In addition, kinetic measurements across a range of pH values supports the hypothesis that\uffe2\uff80\uff94like for AOB\uffe2\uff80\uff94ammonia and not ammonium is the substrate for the ammonia monooxygenase enzyme of AOA and comammox. Together, these data will facilitate predictions and interpretation of ammonia oxidizer community structures and provide a robust basis for establishing testable hypotheses on competition between AOB, AOA, and comammox.</p", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "BACTERIAL", "NITROSOMONAS-EUROPAEA", "GROUP I.1A", "Dewey Decimal Classification::500 | Naturwissenschaften::570 | Biowissenschaften", " Biologie", "Ammonia/metabolism", "Bacteria/genetics", "OXIDATION", "Article", "03 medical and health sciences", "KINETIC-PARAMETERS", "Ammonia", "microbial ecolgoy", "TEMPERATURE", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "Archaea/genetics", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "NICHE DIFFERENTIATION", "Archaea", "Nitrification", "SOIL", "NITROGEN", "archaeal physiology", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "106022 Microbiology", "metabolism", "Oxidation-Reduction", "COMPLETE NITRIFICATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/80979/1/Published_Version.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01064-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20ISME%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41396-021-01064-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41396-021-01064-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41396-021-01064-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41396-023-01467-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:16:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-14", "title": "Nitrification and beyond: metabolic versatility of ammonia oxidising archaea", "description": "Abstract                <p>Ammonia oxidising archaea are among the most abundant living organisms on Earth and key microbial players in the global nitrogen cycle. They carry out oxidation of ammonia to nitrite, and their activity is relevant for both food security and climate change. Since their discovery nearly 20 years ago, major insights have been gained into their nitrogen and carbon metabolism, growth preferences and their mechanisms of adaptation to the environment, as well as their diversity, abundance and activity in the environment. Despite significant strides forward through the cultivation of novel organisms and omics-based approaches, there are still many knowledge gaps on their metabolism and the mechanisms which enable them to adapt to the environment. Ammonia oxidising microorganisms are typically considered metabolically streamlined and highly specialised. Here we review the physiology of ammonia oxidising archaea, with focus on aspects of metabolic versatility and regulation, and discuss these traits in the context of nitrifier ecology.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "Review Article", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "Archaea", "Nitrification", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Soil Microbiology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chloe L Wright, Laura E Lehtovirta-Morley,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-023-01467-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20ISME%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41396-023-01467-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41396-023-01467-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41396-023-01467-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/femsec/fiv066", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-20", "title": "Effects Of Warming And Drought On Potential N2o Emissions And Denitrifying Bacteria Abundance In Grasslands With Different Land-Use", "description": "Increased warming in spring and prolonged summer drought may alter soil microbial denitrification. We measured potential denitrification activity and denitrifier marker gene abundances (nirK, nirS, nosZ) in grasslands soils in three geographic regions characterized by site-specific land-use indices (LUI) after warming in spring, at an intermediate sampling and after summer drought. Potential denitrification was significantly increased by warming, but did not persist over the intermediate sampling. At the intermediate sampling, the relevance of grassland land-use intensity was reflected by increased potential N2O production at sites with higher LUI. Abundances of total bacteria did not respond to experimental warming or drought treatments, displaying resilience to minor and short-term effects of climate change. In contrast, nirS- and nirK-type denitrifiers were more influenced by drought in combination with LUI and pH, while the nosZ abundance responded to the summer drought manipulation. Land-use was a strong driver for potential denitrification as grasslands with higher LUI also had greater potentials for N2O emissions. We conclude that both warming and drought affected the denitrifying communities and the potential denitrification in grassland soils. However, these effects are overruled by regional and site-specific differences in soil chemical and physical properties which are also related to grassland land-use intensity.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "UFSP13-8 Global Change and Biodiversity", "Climate Change", "Microbial Consortia", "580 Plants (Botany)", "Nitric Oxide", "142-005 142-005", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "potential N2O emissions", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "2402 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology", "use index", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Biodiversity Exploratories", "denitrification", "Bacteria", "2404 Microbiology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "land", "climate change", "Genes", " Bacterial", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland", "microbial community", "2303 Ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/femsec/fiv066"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/FEMS%20Microbiology%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/femsec/fiv066", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/femsec/fiv066", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/femsec/fiv066"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep01732", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-25", "title": "Biochar And Denitrification In Soils: When, How Much And Why Does Biochar Reduce N2o Emissions?", "description": "Agricultural soils represent the main source of anthropogenic N2O emissions. Recently, interactions of black carbon with the nitrogen cycle have been recognized and the use of biochar is being investigated as a means to reduce N2O emissions. However, the mechanisms of reduction remain unclear. Here we demonstrate the significant impact of biochar on denitrification, with a consistent decrease in N2O emissions by 10-90% in 14 different agricultural soils. Using the (15)N gas-flux method we observed a consistent reduction of the N2O/(N2 + N2O) ratio, which demonstrates that biochar facilitates the last step of denitrification. Biochar acid buffer capacity was identified as an important aspect for mitigation that was not primarily caused by a pH shift in soil. We propose the function of biochar as an 'electron shuttle' that facilitates the transfer of electrons to soil denitrifying microorganisms, which together with its liming effect would promote the reduction of N2O to N2.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Gases", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Cayuela, M.L.*, S\u00e1nchez-Monedero, M.A., Roig, A., Hanley, K., Enders, A., Lehmann, J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep01732"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep01732", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep01732", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep01732"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep32791", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-06", "title": "Responses Of Soil Hydrolytic Enzymes, Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria And Archaea To Nitrogen Applications In A Temperate Grassland In Inner Mongolia", "description": "Abstract<p>We used a seven-year urea gradient applied field experiment to investigate the effects of nitrogen (N) applications on soil N hydrolytic enzyme activity and ammonia-oxidizing microbial abundance in a typical steppe ecosystem in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that N additions inhibited the soil N-related hydrolytic enzyme activities, especially in 392\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 treatment. As N additions increased, the amoA gene copy ratios of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) to ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) decreased from 1.13 to 0.65. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the AOA gene copies were negatively related with NH4+-N content. However, the AOB gene copies were positively correlated with NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92-N content. Moderate N application rates (56\uffe2\uff80\uff93224\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) accompanied by P additions are beneficial to maintaining the abundance of AOB, as opposed to the inhibition of highest N application rate (392\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) on the abundance of AOB. This study suggests that the abundance of AOB and AOA would not decrease unless N applications exceed 224\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in temperate grasslands in Inner Mongolia.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "Hydrolysis", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Archaea", "Grassland", "Nitrification", "Article", "Soil", "Ammonia", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep32791"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep32791", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep32791", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep32791"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14466", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-08", "title": "Trade-offs between soil carbon sequestration and reactive nitrogen losses under straw return in global agroecosystems", "description": "Abstract<p>It is widely recommended that crop straw be returned to croplands to maintain or increase soil carbon (C) storage in arable soils. However, because C and nitrogen (N) biogeochemical cycles are closely coupled, straw return may also affect soil reactive N (Nr) losses, but these effects remain uncertain, especially in terms of the interactions between soil C sequestration and Nr losses under straw addition. Here, we conducted a global meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis using 363 publications to assess the overall effects of straw return on soil Nr losses, C sequestration and crop productivity in agroecosystems. Our results show that on average, compared to mineral N fertilization, straw return with same amount of mineral N fertilizer significantly increased soil organic C (SOC) content (14.9%), crop yield (5.1%), and crop N uptake (10.9%). Moreover, Nr losses in the form of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from rice paddies (17.3%), N leaching (8.7%), and runoff (25.6%) were significantly reduced, mainly due to enhanced microbial N immobilization. However, N2O emissions from upland fields (21.5%) and ammonia (NH3) emissions (17.0%) significantly increased following straw return, mainly due to the stimulation of nitrification/denitrification and soil urease activity. The increase in NH3 and N2O emissions was significantly and negatively correlated with straw C/N ratio and soil clay content. Regarding the interactions between C sequestration and Nr losses, the increase in SOC content following straw return was significantly and positively correlated with the decrease in N leaching and runoff. However, at a global scale, straw return increased net Nr losses from both rice and upland fields due to a greater stimulation of NH3 emissions than the reduction in N leaching and runoff. The trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs between increased net Nr losses and soil C sequestration highlight the importance of reasonably managing straw return to soils to limit NH3 emissions without decreasing associated C sequestration potential.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Sequestration", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "330", "550", "ddc:550", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "630", "Earth sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Humic Substances"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14466"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.14466", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.14466", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.14466"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1055/s-2001-17730", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-07-26", "title": "The Impact Of Sheep Grazing On Net Nitrogen Mineralization Rate In Two Temperate Salt Marshes", "description": "<p>Abstract:  Nitrogen mineralization rate was studied in grazing trials with three different stocking rates (0, 3, 10 sheep ha\uffe2\uff80\uff901) in two man\uffe2\uff80\uff90made salt marshes, viz. a Puccinellia maritima\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated low salt marsh and a high salt marsh dominated by Festuca rubra. Mineralization rates were derived from the amounts of mineral N which accumulated in situ during six\uffe2\uff80\uff90week incubation periods in tubes containing undisturbed soil cores from the upper 10 cm soil layer. The annual rates of net N mineralization were significantly higher in the better drained, high salt marsh (71 \uffe2\uff80\uff90 81 kg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff901 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff901) than in the low salt marsh (39 \uffe2\uff80\uff90 49 kg ha\uffe2\uff80\uff901 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff901). High amounts of belowground litter accumulated in the low salt marsh due to frequent water logging. Both N mineralization and nitrification rate were negatively correlated with soil water content. In the Puccinellia maritima salt marsh, grazing had neither an effect on N mineralization rates during any of the incubation periods nor on annual mineralization rates. In the Festuca rubra salt marsh, N mineralization rates increased earlier during spring at the intensively grazed site than at the moderately grazed and the ungrazed site. N mineralization and nitrification rates were significantly higher at the ungrazed site than at the intensively grazed site during the period of peak net N mineralization from the end of April until mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90June. Although sheep grazing affected the seasonal pattern of N mineralization in the high marsh, grazing did not affect the annual rate of net N mineralization.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "LIMITATION", "seasonality", "SUCCESSION", "MICROBIAL BIOMASS", "15. Life on land", "grazing experiment", "01 natural sciences", "nitrification", "salt marsh", "zonation", "PSEUDOREPLICATION", "vegetation", "PLANT-GROWTH", "HERBIVORES", "ECOSYSTEM", "VEGETATION", "nitrogen mineralization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-17730"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1055/s-2001-17730", "name": "item", "description": "10.1055/s-2001-17730", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1055/s-2001-17730"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2022.859063", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:19:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-17", "title": "Interacting Bioenergetic and Stoichiometric Controls on Microbial Growth", "description": "<p>Microorganisms function as open systems that exchange matter and energy with their surrounding environment. Even though mass (carbon and nutrients) and energy exchanges are tightly linked, there is a lack of integrated approaches that combine these fluxes and explore how they jointly impact microbial growth. Such links are essential to predicting how the growth rate of microorganisms varies, especially when the stoichiometry of carbon- (C) and nitrogen (N)-uptake is not balanced. Here, we present a theoretical framework to quantify the microbial growth rate for conditions of C-, N-, and energy-(co-) limitations. We use this framework to show how the C:N ratio and the degree of reduction of the organic matter (OM), which is also the electron donor, availability of electron acceptors (EAs), and the different sources of N together control the microbial growth rate under C, nutrient, and energy-limited conditions. We show that the growth rate peaks at intermediate values of the degree of reduction of OM under oxic and C-limited conditions, but not under N-limited conditions. Under oxic conditions and with N-poor OM, the growth rate is higher when the inorganic N (NInorg)-source is ammonium compared to nitrate due to the additional energetic cost involved in nitrate reduction. Under anoxic conditions, when nitrate is both EA and NInorg-source, the growth rates of denitrifiers and microbes performing the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia (DNRA) are determined by both OM degree of reduction and nitrate-availability. Consistent with the data, DNRA is predicted to foster growth under extreme nitrate-limitation and with a reduced OM, whereas denitrifiers are favored as nitrate becomes more available and in the presence of oxidized OM. Furthermore, the growth rate is reduced when catabolism is coupled to low energy yielding EAs (e.g., sulfate) because of the low carbon use efficiency (CUE). However, the low CUE also decreases the nutrient demand for growth, thereby reducing N-limitation. We conclude that bioenergetics provides a useful conceptual framework for explaining growth rates under different metabolisms and multiple resource-limitations.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "denitrification", "660", "nitrogen limitation", "microbial growth", "Biological Sciences", "bioenergetics", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "6. Clean water", "stoichiometry", "DNRA", "thermodynamics", "03 medical and health sciences", "Geovetenskap och relaterad milj\u00f6vetenskap", "Microbiology (Microbiology in the medical area to be 30109)", "13. Climate action", "Biologiska vetenskaper", "Bioenergy", "Earth and Related Environmental Sciences", "energy limitation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/28342/1/chakrawal-a-et-al-220615.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.859063"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2022.859063", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2022.859063", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2022.859063"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/wf10120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-16", "title": "Soil N2o Emissions In A Mediterranean Shrubland Disturbed By Experimental Fires", "description": "<p>In the present work, post-burning soil N2O fluxes and related microbial processes were investigated in a Mediterranean shrubland subjected to experimental fires. Nine plots were selected, of which three were used as controls, three were burned with low-intensity fire and three with higher intensity fire. N2O fluxes, soil humidity and temperature were measured starting 2 days before burning and for 1 year after fire. Potential net nitrification, denitrification enzyme activity, mineral N and organic C were measured from soil samples collected periodically after burning. Cumulative data indicate a doubling of N2O production in burned plots over 1 year. Burned plots showed an increase of frequency of hot spots of N2O production. A slight detrimental effect of fire on the analysed biological activities was detected only immediately after burning. After 3 months, both potential net nitrification and denitrification enzyme activity had mostly recovered and potential net nitrification further increased over control levels in the following months. Fire seemed to induce a change in the main source of N2O, which in control plots was represented by heterotrophic activity (50\uffe2\uff80\uff9375%), whereas in burned plots it was mostly of autotrophic origin, most probably due to the significant increase of soil NH4+ after burning.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "denitrification; fire intensity; nitrification; soil nitrogen;", "13. Climate action", "Nitrous oxide; soil; fire", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "fire", "soil"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/wf10120"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Wildland%20Fire", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/wf10120", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/wf10120", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/wf10120"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01146.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-29", "title": "Several Components Of Global Change Alter Nitrifying And Denitrifying Activities In An Annual Grassland", "description": "Summary<p>  <p>The effects of global change on below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground processes of the nitrogen (N) cycle have repercussions for plant communities, productivity and trace gas effluxes. However, the interacting effects of different components of global change on nitrification or denitrification have rarely been studied in situ.</p> <p>We measured responses of nitrifying enzyme activity (NEA) and denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA) to over 4\uffc2\uffa0years of exposure to several components of global change and their interaction (increased atmospheric CO2 concentration, temperature, precipitation and N addition) at peak biomass period in an annual grassland ecosystem. In order to provide insight into the mechanisms controlling the response of NEA and DEA to global change, we examined the relationships between these activities and soil moisture, microbial biomass C and N, and soil extractable N.</p> <p>Across all treatment combinations, NEA was decreased by elevated CO2 and increased by N addition. While elevated CO2 had no effect on NEA when not combined with other treatments, it suppressed the positive effect of N addition on NEA in all the treatments that included N addition. We found a significant CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93N interaction for DEA, with a positive effect of elevated CO2 on DEA only in the treatments that included N addition, suggesting that N limitation of denitrifiers may have occurred in our system. Soil water content, extractable N concentrations and their interaction explained 74% of the variation in DEA.</p> <p>Our results show that the potentially large and interacting effects of different components of global change should be considered in predicting below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground N responses of Mediterranean grasslands to future climate changes.</p>  </p>", "keywords": ["ERODIUM BOTRYS", "2. Zero hunger", "N ADDITION", "[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity", "DENITRIFICATION", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "910", "15. Life on land", "NITRIFICATION", "6. Clean water", "BROMUS HORDEACEUS", "GERANIUM DISSECTUM", "GERANIUM", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "PRECIPITATION", "WARMING", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "AVENA BARBATA", "ELEVATED CO2", "environment", "TENEUR EN EAU DU SOL", "[SDV.BID] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01146.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01146.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01146.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2006.01146.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/femsle/fnac029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-18", "title": "Cultivation of ammonia-oxidising archaea on solid medium", "description": "Abstract                <p>Ammonia-oxidising archaea (AOA) are environmentally important microorganisms involved in the biogeochemical cycling of nitrogen. Routine cultivation of AOA is exclusively performed in liquid cultures and reports on their growth on solid medium are scarce. The ability to grow AOA on solid medium would be beneficial for not only the purification of enrichment cultures but also for developing genetic tools. The aim of this study was to develop a reliable method for growing individual colonies from AOA cultures on solid medium. Three phylogenetically distinct AOA strains were tested: \uffe2\uff80\uff98Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus franklandus C13\uffe2\uff80\uff99, Nitrososphaera viennensis EN76 and \uffe2\uff80\uff98Candidatus Nitrosotalea sinensis Nd2\uffe2\uff80\uff99. Of the gelling agents tested, agar and Bacto-agar severely inhibited growth of all three strains. In contrast, both \uffe2\uff80\uff98Ca. N. franklandus C13\uffe2\uff80\uff99 and N. viennensis EN76 tolerated Phytagel\uffe2\uff84\uffa2 while the acidophilic \uffe2\uff80\uff98Ca. N. sinensis Nd2\uffe2\uff80\uff99 was completely inhibited. Based on these observations, we developed a Liquid-Solid (LS) method that involves immobilising cells in Phytagel\uffe2\uff84\uffa2 and overlaying with liquid medium. This approach resulted in the development of visible distinct colonies from \uffe2\uff80\uff98Ca. N. franklandus C13\uffe2\uff80\uff99 and N. viennensis EN76 cultures and lays the groundwork for the genetic manipulation of this group of microorganisms.</p", "keywords": ["Agar", "Ammonia", "Research Letter", "Archaea", "Nitrification", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology", "Culture Media"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://academic.oup.com/femsle/article-pdf/369/1/fnac029/44371905/fnac029.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnac029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/FEMS%20Microbiology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/femsle/fnac029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/femsle/fnac029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/femsle/fnac029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/femsle/fnad093", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-09-12", "title": "Alcohols as inhibitors of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria", "description": "Abstract                <p>Ammonia oxidizers are key players in the global nitrogen cycle and are responsible for the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite, which is further oxidized to nitrate by other microorganisms. Their activity can lead to adverse effects on some human-impacted environments, including water pollution through leaching of nitrate and emissions of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Ammonia monooxygenase (AMO) is the key enzyme in microbial ammonia oxidation and shared by all groups of aerobic ammonia oxidizers. The AMO has not been purified in an active form, and much of what is known about its potential structure and function comes from studies on its interactions with inhibitors. The archaeal AMO is less well studied as ammonia oxidizing archaea were discovered much more recently than their bacterial counterparts. The inhibition of ammonia oxidation by aliphatic alcohols (C1-C8) using the model terrestrial ammonia oxidizing archaeon \uffe2\uff80\uff98Candidatus Nitrosocosmicus franklandus\uffe2\uff80\uff99 C13 and the ammonia oxidizing bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea was examined in order to expand knowledge about the range of inhibitors of ammonia oxidizers. Methanol was the most potent specific inhibitor of the AMO in both ammonia oxidizers, with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.19 and 0.31\uffe2\uff80\uff89mM, respectively. The inhibition was AMO-specific in \uffe2\uff80\uff98Ca. N. franklandus\uffe2\uff80\uff99 C13 in the presence of C1-C2 alcohols, and in N. europaea in the presence of C1-C3 alcohols. Higher chain-length alcohols caused non-specific inhibition and also inhibited hydroxylamine oxidation. Ethanol was tolerated by \uffe2\uff80\uff98Ca. N. franklandus\uffe2\uff80\uff99 C13 at a higher threshold concentration than other chain-length alcohols, with 80\uffe2\uff80\uff89mM ethanol being required for complete inhibition of ammonia oxidation.</p", "keywords": ["Nitrates", "Bacteria", "Ethanol", "13. Climate action", "Ammonia", "Research Letter", "Humans", "Archaea", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Nitrification", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/femsle/fnad093"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/FEMS%20Microbiology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/femsle/fnad093", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/femsle/fnad093", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/femsle/fnad093"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.16042", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-19", "title": "Stimulation of ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances by nitrogen loading: Poor predictability for increased soil N2O emission", "description": "Abstract<p>Unprecedented nitrogen (N) inputs into terrestrial ecosystems have profoundly altered soil N cycling. Ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers are the main producers of nitrous oxide (N2O), but it remains unclear how ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances will respond to N loading and whether their responses can predict N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in soil N2O emission. By synthesizing 101 field studies worldwide, we showed that N loading significantly increased ammonia oxidizer abundance by 107% and denitrifier abundance by 45%. The increases in both ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances were primarily explained by N loading form, and more specifically, organic N loading had stronger effects on their abundances than mineral N loading. Nitrogen loading increased soil N2O emission by 261%, whereas there was no clear relationship between changes in soil N2O emission and shifts in ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances. Our field\uffe2\uff80\uff90based results challenge the laboratory\uffe2\uff80\uff90based hypothesis that increased ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances by N loading would directly cause higher soil N2O emission. Instead, key abiotic factors (mean annual precipitation, soil pH, soil C:N ratio, and ecosystem type) explained N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in soil N2O emission. Altogether, these findings highlight the need for considering the roles of key abiotic factors in regulating soil N transformations under N loading to better understand the microbially mediated soil N2O emission.</p", "keywords": ["IMPACTS", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "GENES", "Nitrogen", "REGIMES", "Nitrous Oxide", "Precipitation", "Soil pH", "precipitation", "NITRIFICATION", "nitrogen addition", "01 natural sciences", "630", "OXIDE EMISSIONS", "Nitrogen/analysis", "soil pH", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ammonia", "FERTILIZATION", "MANAGEMENT", "Nitrous Oxide/analysis", "Biological and chemical processes", "METAANALYSIS", "Research Articles", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Microbial gene abundance", "2. Zero hunger", "biological and chemical processes", "Nitrogen addition", "0303 health sciences", "denitrification", "Nitrous oxide", "nitrous oxide", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "microbial gene abundance", "13. Climate action", "Denitrification", "COMMUNITIES", "GRASSLANDS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16042"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.16042", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.16042", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.16042"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-26", "title": "The Role Of N2o Derived From Crop-Based Biofuels, And From Agriculture In General, In Earth'S Climate", "description": "<p>             In earlier work, we compared the amount of newly fixed nitrogen (N, as synthetic fertilizer and biologically fixed N) entering agricultural systems globally to the total emission of nitrous oxide (N             2             O). We obtained an N             2             O emission factor (EF) of 3\uffe2\uff80\uff935%, and applied it to biofuel production. For \uffe2\uff80\uff98first-generation\uffe2\uff80\uff99 biofuels, e.g. biodiesel from rapeseed and bioethanol from corn (maize), that require N fertilizer, N             2             O from biofuel production could cause (depending on N uptake efficiency) as much or more global warming as that avoided by replacement of fossil fuel by the biofuel. Our subsequent calculations in a follow-up paper, using published life cycle analysis (LCA) models, led to broadly similar conclusions. The N             2             O EF applies to agricultural crops in general, not just to biofuel crops, and has made possible a top-down estimate of global emissions from agriculture. Independent modelling by another group using bottom-up IPCC inventory methodology has shown good agreement at the global scale with our top-down estimate. Work by Davidson showed that the rate of accumulation of N             2             O in the atmosphere in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries was greater than that predicted from agricultural inputs limited to fertilizer N and biologically fixed N (Davidson, E. A. 2009             Nat. Geosci             .             2             , 659\uffe2\uff80\uff93662.). However, by also including soil organic N mineralized following land-use change and NO                            x                          deposited from the atmosphere in our estimates of the reactive N entering the agricultural cycle, we have now obtained a good fit between the observed atmospheric N             2             O concentrations from 1860 to 2000 and those calculated on the basis of a 4 per cent EF for the reactive N.           </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "330", "Climate", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "Denitrification", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0313"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2011.0313"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2435.12475", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-05-12", "title": "Nitrogen Saturation In Humid Tropical Forests After 6years Of Nitrogen And Phosphorus Addition: Hypothesis Testing", "description": "Summary<p>   <p>Nitrogen (N) saturation hypothesis suggests that when an ecosystem reaches N\uffe2\uff80\uff90saturation, continued N input will cause increased N leaching, nitrous oxide (N2O) emission, and N mineralization and nitrification rates. It also suggests that a different element will become the main limiting factor when N saturation has been reached. Although this hypothesis has been tested in temperate forests, whether they can be directly applied to N\uffe2\uff80\uff90saturated tropical forests remain poorly addressed.</p>  <p>To test this hypothesis, soil inorganic N, soil N mineralization and nitrification rate, soil N2O emission rate and nitrate () leaching rate were measured in an N\uffe2\uff80\uff90saturated old\uffe2\uff80\uff90growth tropical forest in southern China, after 6\uffc2\uffa0years of N and P addition. We hypothesized that N addition would stimulate further N saturation, but P addition might alleviate N saturation.</p>  <p>As expected, our results showed that six continuous years of experimental N addition did cause further N saturation, which was indicated by significant increases in soil inorganic N concentration, N2O emission and nitrate () leaching. However, in contrast to our expectations, N addition significantly decreased in\uffc2\uffa0situ rates of net N mineralization and nitrification, which could be related to associated changes in enzyme activity and microbial community composition. On the other hand, P addition mitigated N saturation, as expected. Soil inorganic N concentration, N2O emission and  leaching decreased significantly after P addition, but the net rates of N mineralization and nitrification were significantly increased.</p>  <p>Our results provide a new understanding of the N saturation hypothesis, suggesting that the effects of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N deposition on net N mineralization and nitrification rates in N\uffe2\uff80\uff90saturated tropical forests can be negative and that P addition can alleviate N saturation in such tropical systems.</p>  </p>", "keywords": ["China", "Nitrogen mineralization and nitrification", "Tropical forest", "Nitrogen saturation", "13. Climate action", "Phosphorus addition", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "N 2 O emission", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrogen deposition"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12475"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2435.12475", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2435.12475", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2435.12475"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1462-2920.15751", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-28", "title": "Novel Alcaligenes ammonioxydans sp. nov. from wastewater treatment sludge oxidizes ammonia to N2 with a previously unknown pathway", "description": "Summary<p>Heterotrophic nitrifiers are able to oxidize and remove ammonia from nitrogen\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich wastewaters but the genetic elements of heterotrophic ammonia oxidation are poorly understood. Here, we isolated and identified a novel heterotrophic nitrifier, Alcaligenes ammonioxydans sp. nov. strain HO\uffe2\uff80\uff901, oxidizing ammonia to hydroxylamine and ending in the production of N2 gas. Genome analysis revealed that strain HO\uffe2\uff80\uff901 encoded a complete denitrification pathway but lacks any genes coding for homologous to known ammonia monooxygenases or hydroxylamine oxidoreductases. Our results demonstrated strain HO\uffe2\uff80\uff901 denitrified nitrite (not nitrate) to N2 and N2O at anaerobic and aerobic conditions respectively. Further experiments demonstrated that inhibition of aerobic denitrification did not stop ammonia oxidation and N2 production. A gene cluster (dnfT1RT2ABCD) was cloned from strain HO\uffe2\uff80\uff901 and enabled E. coli accumulated hydroxylamine. Sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90cloning showed that genetic cluster dnfAB or dnfABC already enabled E. coli cells to produce hydroxylamine and further to 15N2 from (15NH4)2SO4. Transcriptome analysis revealed these three genes dnfA, dnfB and dnfC were significantly upregulated in response to ammonia stimulation. Taken together, we concluded that strain HO\uffe2\uff80\uff901 has a novel dnf genetic cluster for ammonia oxidation and this dnf genetic cluster encoded a previously unknown pathway of direct ammonia oxidation (Dirammox) to N2.</p>", "keywords": ["Alcaligenes ammonioxydans sp. nov.", "0301 basic medicine", "106014 Genomics", "Nitrogen", "HYDROXYLAMINE OXIDASE", "direct ammonia oxidation (Dirammox)", "OXIDATION", "REDUCTASE", "Water Purification", "THIOSPHAERA-PANTOTROPHA", "PYRUVIC-OXIME", "03 medical and health sciences", "heterotrophic nitrifier", "Ammonia", "106014 Genomik", "Escherichia coli", "Alcaligenes", "wastewater", "Nitrites", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "HETEROTROPHIC NITRIFICATION", "0303 health sciences", "PURIFICATION", "Sewage", "AEROBIC DENITRIFICATION", "Nitrification", "Aerobiosis", "6. Clean water", "NITROGEN", "FAECALIS", "Denitrification", "106022 Microbiology", "Oxidation-Reduction"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1462-2920.15751"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.15751"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1462-2920.15751", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1462-2920.15751", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1462-2920.15751"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1758-2229.13114", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-09", "title": "N\u2010damo, an opportunity to reduce methane emissions?", "description": "H2020 MGA EJP Cofund, EJP SOIL (TRACE-Soils), Grant/Award Number: 862695; HORIZON CSA, Project PREPSOIL, Grant/Award Number: 101070045", "keywords": ["Highlight", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Denitrification", "Anaerobiosis", "Methane", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Nitrites"], "contacts": [{"organization": "G\u00f3mez\u2010Gallego, Tamara", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1758-2229.13114"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.13114"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Microbiology%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1758-2229.13114", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1758-2229.13114", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1758-2229.13114"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1758-2229.70168", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-08-11", "title": "The Ammonia Oxidising Archaeon                     Nitrosopumilus maritimus                     Does Not Alter Iodine Oxidation State in Oxic Seawater", "description": "ABSTRACT                   <p>                     We investigate the potential for the globally distributed marine ammonia oxidising archaeon (AOA)                     Nitrosopumilus maritimus                     to oxidise iodide (I                     \uffe2\uff88\uff92                     ), with the aim of identifying a key driver of seawater iodate (IO                     3                     \uffe2\uff88\uff92                     ) renewal. Batch cultures of                     N. maritimus                     grew well in concentrations of 0.1 to 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89mM NH                     4                     +                     and from 0.0001 to 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89mM I                     \uffe2\uff88\uff92                     . There was near 100% conversion of ammonium to nitrite over an 8\uffe2\uff80\uff90day growth period. No loss of I                     \uffe2\uff88\uff92                     or production of IO                     3                     \uffe2\uff88\uff92                     was detected in cultures where I                     \uffe2\uff88\uff92                     was added, indicating that                     N. maritimus                     is unable to drive I                     \uffe2\uff88\uff92                     oxidation under the tested conditions. This contrasts with previous observations of I                     \uffe2\uff88\uff92                     oxidation by ammonium oxidising bacteria (AOB). We explore whether differences between the metabolism of AOA and AOB could explain their differing actions on I                     \uffe2\uff88\uff92                     .                     N. maritimus                     cultures grown with the equivalent IO                     3                     \uffe2\uff88\uff92                     concentrations also showed no reduction in [IO                     3                     \uffe2\uff88\uff92                     ]. In addition, the growth of the                     N. maritimus                     culture was unaffected by inorganic iodine concentrations over 1000 times higher than in ambient seawater, suggesting a resilience to high iodine. These results suggest that AOA might have very little role in inorganic iodine turnover in the global ocean.                   </p", "keywords": ["ammonium", "iodate", "archaea", "oxidation", "iodide", "Nitrosopumilus maritimus", "nitrification", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.70168"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Microbiology%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1758-2229.70168", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1758-2229.70168", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1758-2229.70168"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.16989", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-27", "title": "Shifts in soil ammonia\u2010oxidizing community maintain the nitrogen stimulation of nitrification across climatic conditions", "description": "Abstract<p>Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) loading alters soil ammonia\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) abundances, likely leading to substantial changes in soil nitrification. However, the factors and mechanisms determining the responses of soil AOA:AOB and nitrification to N loading are still unclear, making it difficult to predict future changes in soil nitrification. Herein, we synthesize\uffc2\uffa068 field studies around the world to evaluate the impacts of N loading on soil ammonia oxidizers and nitrification. Across a wide range of biotic and abiotic factors, climate is the most important driver of the responses of AOA:AOB to N loading. Climate does not directly affect the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90stimulation of nitrification, but does so via climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90related shifts in AOA:AOB. Specifically, climate modulates the responses of AOA:AOB to N loading by affecting soil pH, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90availability and moisture. AOB play a dominant role in affecting nitrification in dry climates, while the impacts from AOA can exceed AOB in humid climates. Together, these results suggest that climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90related shifts in soil ammonia\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxidizing community maintain the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90stimulation of nitrification, highlighting the importance of microbial community composition in mediating the responses of the soil N cycle to N loading.</p", "keywords": ["550", "Nitrogen", "2306 Global and Planetary Change", "ammonia oxidizers", "580 Plants (Botany)", "nitrogen addition", "333", "Nitrogen/analysis", "2300 General Environmental Science", "Soil", "10126 Department of Plant and Microbial Biology", "Ammonia", "Climate change", "10211 Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center", "Soil Microbiology", "Phylogeny", "Soil/chemistry", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen addition", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "ddc:550", "Microbial community structure", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "Archaea", "6. Clean water", "nitrification", "Ammonia oxidizers", "Earth sciences", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "microbial community structure", "2304 Environmental Chemistry", "soil properties", "Soil properties", "2303 Ecology", "Oxidation-Reduction"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16989"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.16989", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.16989", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.16989"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02470.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:17:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-06", "title": "Can Differences In Microbial Abundances Help Explain Enhanced N2o Emissions In A Permanent Grassland Under Elevated Atmospheric Co2?", "description": "Abstract<p>Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on the ammonia\uffe2\uff80\uff90oxidizing and denitrifying bacteria in a grassland soil were investigated to test whether a shift in abundance of these N\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling microorganisms was responsible for enhanced N2O emissions under elevated atmospheric CO2. Soil samples (7.5\uffc2\uffa0cm increments to 45\uffc2\uffa0cm depth) were collected in 2008 from the University of Giessen Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (GiFACE), a permanent grassland exposed to moderately elevated atmospheric CO2 (+20%) since 1998. GiFACE plots lay on a soil moisture gradient because of gradually changing depth to the underlying water table and labeled as the DRY block (furthest from water table), MED block (intermediate to water table), and WET block (nearest to water table). Mean N2O emissions measured since 1998 have been significantly higher under elevated CO2. This study sought to identify microbial and biochemical parameters that might explain higher N2O emissions under elevated CO2. Soil biochemical parameters [extractable organic carbon (EOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), NH4+, NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92], and abundances of genes encoding the key enzymes involved in ammonia oxidation (amoA) and denitrification (nirK, nirS, nosZ) depended more on soil depth and block (underlying soil moisture gradient) than on elevated CO2. Ammonia oxidation and denitrification gene abundances, relative abundances (ratios) of nirS to nirK, of nosZ to both nirS and to nirK, and of the measured soil biochemical properties DON and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 tended to be lower in elevated CO2 plots as compared with ambient plots in the MED and WET blocks while the DRY block exhibited an opposite trend. High N2O emissions under elevated CO2 in the MED and WET blocks correlated with lower nosZ to nirK ratios, suggesting that increased N2O emissions under elevated CO2 might be caused by a higher proportion of N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90producing rather than N2O consuming (N2 producing) denitrifiers.</p>", "keywords": ["nirS", "2. Zero hunger", "N2O emissions", "denitrification", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "AOA", "6. Clean water", "AOB", "soil", "Enrichissement en gaz carbonique", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Concentration \u00e9lev\u00e9e en CO2", "nosZ", "FACE", "13. Climate action", "ammonia oxidation", "nirK", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02470.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02470.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02470.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02470.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/aem.02470-21", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-06", "title": "Hydrazines as Substrates and Inhibitors of the Archaeal Ammonia Oxidation Pathway", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) are among the most numerous living organisms on Earth, and they play a pivotal role in the global biogeochemical nitrogen cycle. Despite this, little is known about the physiology and metabolism of AOA.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "0303 health sciences", "550", "Bacteria", "Hydroxylamines", "Archaea", "Nitrification", "Phenylhydrazines", "3. Good health", "03 medical and health sciences", "Adenosine Triphosphate", "Hydrazines", "Ammonia", "Environmental Microbiology", "Humans", "Soil Microbiology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Schatteman, Arne, Wright, Chlo\u00eb L., Crombie, Andrew T., Murrell, J. Colin, Lehtovirta-Morley, Laura E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/97836/1/Schatteman_et_al_2022_EnvironmentalMicrobiology.pdf"}, {"href": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/aem.02470-21"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02470-21"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.02470-21", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.02470-21", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.02470-21"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12202", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-29", "title": "Effects Of Biochar Amendment On Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Net Ecosystem Carbon Budget And Properties Of An Acidic Soil Under Intensive Vegetable Production", "description": "Abstract<p>Biochar addition to soils has been frequently proposed as a means to increase soil fertility and carbon (C) sequestration. However, the effect of biochar addition on greenhouse gas emissions from intensively managed soils under vegetable production at the field scale is poorly understood. The effects of wheat straw biochar amendment with mineral fertilizer or an enhanced\uffe2\uff80\uff90efficiency fertilizer (mixture of urea and nitrapyrin) on N2O efflux and the net ecosystem C budget were investigated for an acidic soil in southeast China over a 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period. Biochar addition did not affect the annual N2O emissions (26\uffe2\uff80\uff9328\uffc2\uffa0kg N/ha), but reduced seasonal N2O emissions during the cold period. Biochar increased soil organic C and CO2 efflux on average by 61 and 19%, respectively. Biochar addition greatly increased C gain in the acidic soil (average 11.1\uffc2\uffa0Mg C/ha) compared with treatments without biochar addition (average \uffe2\uff88\uff922.2\uffc2\uffa0Mg C/ha). Biochar amendment did not increase yield\uffe2\uff80\uff90scaled N2O emissions after application of mineral fertilizer, but it decreased yield\uffe2\uff80\uff90scaled N2O by 15% after nitrapyrin addition. Our results suggest that biochar amendment of acidic soil under intensive vegetable cultivation contributes to soil C sequestration, but has only small effects on both plant growth and greenhouse gas emissions.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "330", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Nitrification inhibitor", "7. Clean energy", "Soil heterotrophic respiration", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biochar", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12202"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12202", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12202", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12202"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/msystems.00562-19", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-13", "title": "Transcriptomic Response of Nitrosomonas europaea Transitioned from Ammonia- to Oxygen-Limited Steady-State Growth", "description": "<p>             Nitrification is a ubiquitous microbially mediated process in the environment and an essential process in engineered systems such as wastewater and drinking water treatment plants. However, nitrification also contributes to fertilizer loss from agricultural environments, increasing the eutrophication of downstream aquatic ecosystems, and produces the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide. As ammonia-oxidizing bacteria are the most dominant ammonia-oxidizing microbes in fertilized agricultural soils, understanding their responses to a variety of environmental conditions is essential for curbing the negative environmental effects of nitrification. Notably, oxygen limitation has been reported to significantly increase nitric oxide and nitrous oxide production during nitrification. Here, we investigate the physiology of the best-characterized ammonia-oxidizing bacterium,             Nitrosomonas europaea             , growing under oxygen-limited conditions.           </p", "keywords": ["OXIDIZING BACTERIUM", "0301 basic medicine", "nitrificatio", "Nitrosomonas europaea", "ammonia and oxygen limitation", "NITRIFICATION", "Microbiology", "CYTOCHROME-C", "03 medical and health sciences", "NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "COMPLETE GENOME SEQUENCE", "ELECTRON-TRANSFER", "14. Life underwater", "SDG 2 \u2013 Kein Hunger", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "chemostat", "0303 health sciences", "NITRIC-OXIDE", "N2O-PRODUCING PATHWAYS", "15. Life on land", "Ammonia and oxygen limitation", "Nitrification", "HYDROXYLAMINE OXIDOREDUCTASE", "nitrification", "QR1-502", "6. Clean water", "Chemostat", "13. Climate action", "SDG 13 \u2013 Ma\u00dfnahmen zum Klimaschutz", "ammonia-oxidizing bacteria", "106022 Microbiology", "Transcriptome", "transcriptome", "NO REDUCTASE-ACTIVITY", "COMPLETE NITRIFICATION", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/765727v1.full.pdf"}, {"href": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/mSystems.00562-19"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/msystems.00562-19"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/mSystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/msystems.00562-19", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/msystems.00562-19", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/msystems.00562-19"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/aem.00033-11", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-23", "title": "Association Of Earthworm-Denitrifier Interactions With Increased Emission Of Nitrous Oxide From Soil Mesocosms Amended With Crop Residue", "description": "ABSTRACT           <p>             Earthworm activity is known to increase emissions of nitrous oxide (N             2             O) from arable soils. Earthworm gut, casts, and burrows have exhibited higher denitrification activities than the bulk soil, implicating priming of denitrifying organisms as a possible mechanism for this effect. Furthermore, the earthworm feeding strategy may drive N             2             O emissions, as it determines access to fresh organic matter for denitrification. Here, we determined whether interactions between earthworm feeding strategy and the soil denitrifier community can predict N             2             O emissions from the soil. We set up a 90-day mesocosm experiment in which             15             N-labeled maize (             Zea mays             L.) was either mixed in or applied on top of the soil in the presence or absence of the epigeic earthworm             Lumbricus rubellus             and/or the endogeic earthworm             Aporrectodea caliginosa             . We measured N             2             O fluxes and tested the bulk soil for denitrification enzyme activity and the abundance of 16S rRNA and denitrifier genes             nirS             and             nosZ             through real-time quantitative PCR. Compared to the control,             L. rubellus             increased denitrification enzyme activity and N             2             O emissions on days 21 and 90 (day 21,             P             = 0.034 and             P             = 0.002, respectively; day 90,             P             = 0.001 and             P             = 0.007, respectively), as well as cumulative N             2             O emissions (76%;             P             = 0.014).             A. caliginosa             activity led to a transient increase of N             2             O emissions on days 8 to 18 of the experiment. Abundance of             nosZ             was significantly increased (100%) on day 90 in the treatment mixture containing             L. rubellus             alone. We conclude that             L. rubellus             increased cumulative N             2             O emissions by affecting denitrifier community activity via incorporation of fresh residue into the soil and supplying a steady, labile carbon source.           </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "agricultural soil", "Bacteria", "nosz genes", "carbon", "Nitrous Oxide", "n2o emission", "n2o-producing microorganisms", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "pcr data", "microbial activity", "Animal Feed", "Zea mays", "lumbricus-rubellus", "Soil", "Denitrification", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "community composition", "Oligochaeta", "organic-matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00033-11"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.00033-11", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.00033-11", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.00033-11"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s40064-016-2587-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-02", "title": "Contrasting Effects Of Exogenous Phosphorus Application On N2o Emissions From Two Tropical Forest Soils With Contrasting Phosphorus Availability", "description": "An incubation study was conducted to test the effects of phosphorus (P) addition on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from the soils taken from two tropical rain forests established on different parent materials [meta-sedimentary (MS) and ultrabasic (UB) rock] on Mt. Kinabalu, Borneo. Earlier studies suggest that the forest on UB soils is more strongly limited by P than that on MS soils is. In MS soils, P addition significantly reduced N2O emissions. Since neither ammonium (NH4 (+)) nor nitrate (NO3 (-)) contents were reduced by P addition, we assumed that the decrease in N2O emissions were not due to the previously-reported mechanism: P addition stimulated microbial nitrogen (N) immobilization and collateral inorganic N consumption, reducing resources for producing N2O. Since P addition enhanced the ratios of microbial biomass to CO2 and N2O emissions (indicators of nitrifying and/or denitrifying respiratory efficiency), it was suggested that the N required for the respiration of nitrifying and/or denitrifying bacteria was reduced, leading to reduced N2O emissions. On the other hand, P addition had no effects on N2O emissions in UB soils. The respiratory efficiency did not change significantly by P addition, possibly because the microbial community in the highly-P-depleted UB soils shifted by P addition, with which the enhancement of respiration efficiency did not co-vary. We concluded that (1) P addition may control N2O emissions through increasing respiratory efficiency, and (2) the effects may be different depending on the differences in P availability.", "keywords": ["Nitrous oxide", "13. Climate action", "Research", "Denitrification", "Tropics", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Phosphorus limitation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-016-2587-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/SpringerPlus", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s40064-016-2587-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s40064-016-2587-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s40064-016-2587-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-08-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s40538-025-00814-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-07-15", "title": "Biodegradable microplastics impact on soil: how poly-3-hydroxybutyrate alters microbial diversity and nitrogen mineralization processes", "description": "Open AccessBackground: Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (P3HB) is a biodegradable plastic that may affect soil quality and plant growth. To explain the observed deterioration of plant growth, this study investigated the effects of P3HB microplastics on the soil microbiome and its activity related to content of nutrients and their transformation processes. A pot experiment was conducted using soil contaminated with five different doses of P3HB, both with and without maize. Soil mineral nitrogen forms, microbial properties as well as plant biomass were determined. Results: P3HB significantly altered soil properties by stimulating microbial respiration, enhancing carbon turnover, and shifting nitrogen forms, notably reducing NO\u2083\u207b availability. The fungal community was more sensitive to P3HB compared to the bacterial one. Fungal genera such as Tetracladium, Exophiala, and Pseudogymnoascus were stimulated; others such as Gibberella and Gibellulopsis declined. In the bacterial community, P3HB promoted the growth of copiotrophic P3HB degraders (e.g., Actinobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria); increased the abundance of anaerobes (Clostridia); decreased nitrifying groups (Nitrososphaeria, Nitrospiria); and reduced oligotrophic taxa (Vicinamibacteria, Thermoleophilia). These changes led to altered nutrient cycling, including inhibited nitrification and reduced mineral nitrogen availability, contributing to decreased maize growth. Conclusions: Soil contamination with \u2265 1% P3HB microplastics disrupts microbial structure and nutrient dynamics, with potential negative effects on soil fertility and plant productivity.", "keywords": ["biodegradable plastics", "soil nitrogen", "fungi", "bacteria", "nitrification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40538-025-00814-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemical%20and%20Biological%20Technologies%20in%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s40538-025-00814-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s40538-025-00814-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s40538-025-00814-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-07-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.13287/j.1001-9332.201611.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "description": "We evaluated responses of hydrolase and oxidase activities in a subtropical Pinus elliottii plantation through a nitrogen (N) addition field experiment (dosage level: 0, 40, 120 kg N\u00b7hm-2\u00b7a-1). The results showed that N additions significantly decreased the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus related hydrolase and oxidase activities. The activities of \u03b2-1,4-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), \u03b2-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and peroxidase (PER) activities were decreased by 16.5%-51.1% due to N additions, and the decrease was more remarkable in the higher N addition treatment. The activities of \u03b1-1,4-glucosidase (aG), \u03b2-1,4-xylosidase (BX), acid phosphatase (AP) and phenol oxidase (PPO) were decreased by 14.5%-38.6% by N additions, however, there was no significant difference among the different N addition treatments. Soil enzyme activities varied obviously in different seasons. The activities of BG, NAG, BX, CBH, AP and PPO were in the order of March > June > October, and aG and PER activities were in the order of October > March > June. Most of the soil hydrolase and oxidase activities were positively correlated with soil pH, but negatively with NO3--N content. It indicated that N additions inhibited soil hydrolase and oxidase activities by reducing soil pH and increasing soil nitrification. N additions inhibited the soil organic matter mineralization and turnover in the subtropical area, and the effects were obvious with the increasing dosage of N additions.", "keywords": ["Soil", "Hydrolases", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "Oxidoreductases", "Pinus", "Nitrification", "Carbon", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.201611.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ying%20yong%20sheng%20tai%20xue%20bao%20%3D%20The%20journal%20of%20applied%20ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.13287/j.1001-9332.201611.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.13287/j.1001-9332.201611.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.13287/j.1001-9332.201611.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0020105", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-17", "title": "Global Change Could Amplify Fire Effects On Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions", "description": "Open AccessBackground  Little is known about the combined impacts of global environmental changes and ecological disturbances on ecosystem functioning, even though such combined impacts might play critical roles in shaping ecosystem processes that can in turn feed back to climate change, such as soil emissions of greenhouse gases.    Methodology/Principal Findings  We took advantage of an accidental, low-severity wildfire that burned part of a long-term global change experiment to investigate the interactive effects of a fire disturbance and increases in CO2 concentration, precipitation and nitrogen supply on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in a grassland ecosystem. We examined the responses of soil N2O emissions, as well as the responses of the two main microbial processes contributing to soil N2O production \u2013 nitrification and denitrification \u2013 and of their main drivers. We show that the fire disturbance greatly increased soil N2O emissions over a three-year period, and that elevated CO2 and enhanced nitrogen supply amplified fire effects on soil N2O emissions: emissions increased by a factor of two with fire alone and by a factor of six under the combined influence of fire, elevated CO2 and nitrogen. We also provide evidence that this response was caused by increased microbial denitrification, resulting from increased soil moisture and soil carbon and nitrogen availability in the burned and fertilized plots.    Conclusions/Significance  Our results indicate that the combined effects of fire and global environmental changes can exceed their effects in isolation, thereby creating unexpected feedbacks to soil greenhouse gas emissions. These findings highlight the need to further explore the impacts of ecological disturbances on ecosystem functioning in the context of global change if we wish to be able to model future soil greenhouse gas emissions with greater confidence.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "effet de serre", "sol", "Internationality", "Time Factors", "550", "Nitrogen", "QH301 Biology", "Science", "Nitrous Oxide", "incendie", "Fires", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "dioxyde de carbone", "11. Sustainability", "Chemical Precipitation", "Soil Microbiology", "azote", "2. Zero hunger", "Q", "R", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "\u00e9mission", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "pr\u00e9cipitation atmosph\u00e9rique", "13. Climate action", "Denitrification", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "GE Environmental Sciences", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://hal.science/halsde-00723483/file/2011_Niboyet_Plosone_1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://openknowledge.nau.edu/id/eprint/1706/7/Niboyet_A_etal_2011_Global_change_amplify_fire%281%29.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020105"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0020105", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0020105", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0020105"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0102315", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-16", "title": "Soil Biochemical Responses To Nitrogen Addition In A Bamboo Forest", "description": "Many vital ecosystem processes take place in the soils and are greatly affected by the increasing active nitrogen (N) deposition observed globally. Nitrogen deposition generally affects ecosystem processes through the changes in soil biochemical properties such as soil nutrient availability, microbial properties and enzyme activities. In order to evaluate the soil biochemical responses to elevated atmospheric N deposition in bamboo forest ecosystems, a two-year field N addition experiment in a hybrid bamboo (Bambusa pervariabilis \u00d7 Dendrocalamopsis daii) plantation was conducted. Four levels of N treatment were applied: (1) control (CK, without N added), (2) low-nitrogen (LN, 50 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)), (3) medium-nitrogen (MN, 150 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)), and (4) high-nitrogen (HN, 300 kg N ha(-1) year(-1)). Results indicated that N addition significantly increased the concentrations of NH4(+), NO3(-), microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass N, the rates of nitrification and denitrification; significantly decreased soil pH and the concentration of available phosphorus, and had no effect on the total organic carbon and total N concentration in the 0-20 cm soil depth. Nitrogen addition significantly stimulated activities of hydrolytic enzyme that acquiring N (urease) and phosphorus (acid phosphatase) and depressed the oxidative enzymes (phenol oxidase, peroxidase and catalase) activities. Results suggest that (1) this bamboo forest ecosystem is moving towards being limited by P or co-limited by P under elevated N deposition, (2) the expected progressive increases in N deposition may have a potential important effect on forest litter decomposition due to the interaction of inorganic N and oxidative enzyme activities, in such bamboo forests under high levels of ambient N deposition.", "keywords": ["Analysis of Variance", "China", "Atmosphere", "Monophenol Monooxygenase", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Q", "Acid Phosphatase", "R", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Catalase", "Nitrification", "Soil", "Ammonia", "Denitrification", "Medicine", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Sasa", "Soil Microbiology", "Research Article", "Peroxidase"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0102315"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0102315", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0102315", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0102315"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0115649", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-30", "title": "In Situ Nitrogen Mineralization, Nitrification, And Ammonia Volatilization In Maize Field Fertilized With Urea In Huanghuaihai Region Of Northern China", "description": "Nitrogen (N) fertilization potentially affects soil N mineralization and leaching, and can enhance NH3 volatilization, thus impacting crop production. A fertilizer experiment with five levels of N addition (0, 79, 147, 215 and 375 kg N ha(-1)) was performed in 2009 and 2010 in a maize field in Huanghuaihai region, China, where > 300 kg N ha(-1) has been routinely applied to soil during maize growth period of 120 days. Responses of net N mineralization, inorganic N flux (0-10 cm), NH3 volatilization, and maize yield to N fertilization were measured. During the growth period, net N mineralization and nitrification varied seasonally, with higher rates occurring in August and coinciding with the R1 stage of maize growth. Soil NO3(-)-N contributed to more than 60% of inorganic N flux during maize growth. Cumulative NH3 volatilization increased with N additions, with total NH3 volatilization during maize growth accounting for about 4% of added N. Relative to the control, mean maize yield in the fertilizer treatments increased by 17% and 20% in 2009 and 2010, respectively. However, grain yield, aboveground biomass, and plant N accumulation did not increase with added N at levels > 215 kg N ha(-1). These results suggest that the current N rate of 300 kg N ha(-1) is not only excessive, but also reduces fertilizer efficacy and may contribute to environmental problems such as global warming and eutrophication of ground water and streams.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Q", "R", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "Medicine", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Volatilization", "Fertilizers", "Research Article", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115649"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0115649", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0115649", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0115649"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0219479", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-07-23", "title": "An integrated assessment of nitrogen source, transformation and fate within an intensive dairy system to inform management change", "description": "From an environmental perspective optimised dairy systems, which follow current regulations, still have low nitrogen (N) use efficiency, high N surplus (kg N ha-1) and enable ad-hoc delivery of direct and indirect reactive N losses to water and the atmosphere. The objective of the present study was to divide an intensive dairy farm into N attenuation capacity areas based on this ad-hoc delivery. Historical and current spatial and temporal multi-level data- sets (stable isotope and dissolved gas) were combined and interpreted. Results showed that the farm had four distinct attenuation areas: high N attenuation: characterised by ammonium-N (NH4+-N) below 0.23 mg NH4+-N l-1 and nitrate (NO3--N) below 5.65 mg NO3-- N l-1 in surface, drainage and groundwater, located on imperfectly to moderately-well drained soils with high denitrification potential and low nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions (av. 0.0032 mg N2O-N l-1); moderate N attenuation: characterised by low NO3--N concentration in drainage water but high N2O production (0.0317 mg N2O-N l-1) and denitrification potential lower than group 1 (av. \u03b415N-NO3-: 16.4 , av. \u03b418O-NO3-: 9.2 ), on well to moderately drained soils; low N attenuation area 1: characterised by high NO3--N (av. 6.90 mg NO3--N l-1) in drainage water from well to moderately-well drained soils, with low denitrification potential (av. \u03b415N-NO3-: 9.5 , av. \u03b418O-NO3-: 5.9 ) and high N2O emissions (0.0319 mg N2O l-1); and low N attenuation area 2: characterised by high NH4+-N (av. 3.93 mg NH4+-N l-1 and high N2O emissions (av. 0.0521 mg N2O l-1) from well to imperfectly drained soil. N loads on site should be moved away from low attenuation areas and emissions to air and water should be assessed.", "keywords": ["dairy systems", "Farms", "Time Factors", "550", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Nitrous Oxide", "management change", "Oxygen Isotopes", "01 natural sciences", "Permeability", "nitrogen", "dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium", "soil", "Dairy system", "Soil", "Isotopes", "Waste Management", "Oxygen Radioisotopes", "Ammonium Compounds", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Geography", "Stable Isotopes", "Q", "R", "Water", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "nitrification", "6. Clean water", "Management", "DNRA", "Dairying", "Milk", "Slurries", "13. Climate action", "Denitrification", "Medicine", "Intensive", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/148308/8/journal.pone.0219479.pdf"}, {"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/956826/2/document.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219479"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0219479", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0219479", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0219479"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s1516-35982011000700024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-03", "title": "Impact Of Different Grazing Systems For Bovine Cattle On The Soil Microbiological And Chemical Characteristics", "description": "The objective of this work was to study the effect of grazing systems: rotational, continuous and the absence of cattle, in pastures of Brachiaria brizantha on microbial activity (respiratory, potential nitrification, solubilizing, and enzymatic) and on the chemical attributes (contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, organic phosphorus, and moisture) of Eutrustox soil over one year. Eight Canchim breed animals were used. The samples were collected in the four seasons from 2005 to 2006. The average of organic C, organic P, and moisture contents, as well as potential nitrification and solubilizing activity and urease and acid phosphatase activities were significantly higher in the spring and/or summer than in autumn and/or winter. The total nitrogen amounts did not vary among seasons. While the respiratory activity was larger during winter and summer, cellulase activity was smaller during spring than in the other seasons. Except for organic P, higher values of the variables studied were observed in the rotational grazing. The results indicate that the hot and rainy season and the rotational grazing system cause increases in the soil microbiological and chemical attributes.", "keywords": ["urease", "2. Zero hunger", "cellulase", "550", "potential nitrification", "microbial respiratory activity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "SF1-1100", "630", "phosphatase", "Animal culture", "Cellulase", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Garcia, Martha Regina Lucizano, Sampaio, Alexandre Amstalden Moraes, Nahas, Ely,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982011000700024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Zootecnia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s1516-35982011000700024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s1516-35982011000700024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s1516-35982011000700024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1631/jzus.b1200013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-03", "title": "Abundance And Composition Of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria And Archaea In Different Types Of Soil In The Yangtze River Estuary", "description": "Tidal flats are soil resources of great significance. Nitrification plays a central role in the nitrogen cycle and is often a critical first step in nitrogen removal from estuarine and coastal environments. We determined the abundance as well as composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in different soils during land reclamation process. The abundance of AOA was higher than that of AOB in farm land and wild land while AOA was not detected in tidal flats using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The different abundances of AOB and AOA were negatively correlated with the salinity. The diversities of AOB and AOA were also investigated using clone libraries by amplification of amoA gene. Among AOB, nearly all sequences belonged to the Nitrosomonas lineage in the initial land reclamation process, i.e., tidal flats, while both Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira lineages were detected in later and transition phases of land reclamation process, farm land and wild land. The ratio of the numbers of sequences of Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira lineages was positively correlated with the salinity and the net nitrification rate. As for AOA, there was no obvious correlation with the changes in the physicochemical properties of the soil. This study suggests that AOB may be more import than AOA with respect to influencing the different land reclamation process stages.", "keywords": ["DNA", " Bacterial", "0301 basic medicine", "China", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Archaeal Proteins", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Genes", " Archaeal", "03 medical and health sciences", "Bacterial Proteins", "Rivers", "Ammonia", "14. Life underwater", "Phylogeny", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Biodiversity", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "Archaea", "Nitrification", "6. Clean water", "DNA", " Archaeal", "Genes", " Bacterial", "13. Climate action", "Estuaries", "Oxidoreductases", "Oxidation-Reduction"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.b1200013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Zhejiang%20University%20SCIENCE%20B", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1631/jzus.b1200013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1631/jzus.b1200013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1631/jzus.b1200013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/06-2113.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-12-12", "title": "Effects Of Restoration And Reflooding On Soil Denitrification In A Leveed Midwestern Floodplain", "description": "<p>River floodplains have the potential to remove nitrate from water through denitrification, the anaerobic microbial conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas. An important factor in this process is the interaction of river water with floodplain soil; however, many rivers have been disconnected from their historic floodplains by levees. To test the effect of reflooding a degraded floodplain on nitrate removal, we studied changes in soil denitrification rates on the Baraboo River floodplain in Wisconsin, USA, as it underwent restoration. Prior to this study, the site had been leveed, drained, and farmed for more than 50 years. In late fall 2002, the field drainage system was removed, and a gate structure was installed to allow controlled flooding of this site with river water. Soil moisture was extremely variable among zones and months and reflected local weather. Soil organic matter was stable over the study period with differences occurring along the elevation gradient. High soil nitrate concentrations occurred in dry, relatively organic\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor soil samples and, conversely, all samples with high moisture soils characterized by low nitrate. We measured denitrification in static cores and potential denitrification in bulk samples amended with carbon and nitrogen, one year before and two years following the manipulation. Denitrification rates showed high temporal and spatial variability. Static core rates of individual sites ranged widely (from 0.00 to 16.7 \uffce\uffbcg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffc2\uffb7[kg soil]\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7h\uffe2\uff88\uff921, mean \uffc2\uffb1 SD = 1.10 \uffc2\uffb1 3.02), and denitrification enzyme activity (DEA) rates were similar with a slightly higher mean (from 0.00 to 15.0 \uffce\uffbcg N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N\uffc2\uffb7[kg soil]\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7h\uffe2\uff88\uff921, 1.41 \uffc2\uffb1 1.98). Denitrification was not well\uffe2\uff80\uff90correlated with soil nitrate, organic matter content, or moisture levels, the three parameters typically thought to control denitrification. Static core denitrification rates were not significantly different across years, and DEA rates decreased slightly the second year after restoration. These results demonstrate that restored agricultural soil has the potential for denitrification, but that floodplain restoration did not immediately improve this potential. Future floodplain restorations should be designed to test alternative methods of increasing denitrification.</p>", "keywords": ["floodplain", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "riparian", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "wetland", "6. Clean water", "Midwestern United States", "Disasters", "Soil", "soil denitrification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "river restoration", "Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/06-2113.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Applications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/06-2113.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/06-2113.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/06-2113.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/14-0295.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-12", "title": "Response Of N Cycling To Nutrient Inputs In Forest Soils Across A 1000-3000 M Elevation Gradient In The Ecuadorian Andes", "description": "<p>Large areas in the tropics receive elevated atmospheric nutrient inputs. Presently, little is known on how nitrogen (N) cycling in tropical montane forest soils will respond to such increased nutrient inputs. We assessed how gross rates of mineral N production (N mineralization and nitrification) and microbial N retention (NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 immobilization and dissimilatory NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 reduction to NH4+ [DNRA]) change with elevated N and phosphorus (P) inputs in montane forest soils at 1000\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 2000\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and 3000\uffe2\uff80\uff90m elevations in south Ecuador. At each elevation, four replicate plots (20 \uffc3\uff97 20 m each) of control, N (added at 50 kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), P (added at 10 kg P\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and combined N + P additions have been established since 2008. We measured gross N cycling rates in 2010 and 2011, using 15N pool dilution techniques with in situ incubation of intact soil cores taken from the top 5 cm of soil. In control plots, gross soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90N cycling rates decreased with increase in elevation, and microbial N retention was tightly coupled with mineral N production. At 1000 m and 2000 m, four\uffe2\uff80\uff90year N and combined N + P additions increased gross mineral N production but decreased NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 immobilization and DNRA compared to the control. At 3000 m, four\uffe2\uff80\uff90year N and combined N + P additions increased gross N mineralization rates and decreased DNRA compared to the control; although NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 immobilization in the N and N + P plots were not different from the control, these were lower than their respective mineral N production. At all elevations, decreased microbial N retention was accompanied by decreased microbial biomass C and C:N ratio. P addition did not affect any of the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90N cycling processes. Our results signified that four years of N addition, at a rate expected to occur at these sites, uncoupled the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90N cycling processes, as indicated by decreased microbial N retention. This fast response of soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90N cycling processes across elevations implies that greater attention should be paid to the biological implications on montane forests of such uncoupled soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90N cycling.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Altitude", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium; gross N mineralization; gross nitrification; microbial N immobilization;nitrogen and phosphorus additions; nutrient manipulation experiment; tropical Andes ;tropical montane forests", "Random Allocation", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecuador", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/14-0295.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/14-0295.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/14-0295.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/14-0295.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2011.0132", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-29", "title": "Biochar And Hydrochar Effects On Greenhouse Gas (Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, And Methane) Fluxes From Soils", "description": "With a growing world population and global warming, we are challenged to increase food production while reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We studied the effects of biochar (BC) and hydrochar (HC) produced via pyrolysis or hydrothermal carbonization, respectively, on GHG fluxes in three laboratory incubation studies. In the first experiment, ryegrass was grown in sandy loam mixed with equal amounts of a nitrogen-rich peanut hull BC, compost, BC+compost, double compost, or no addition (control); wetting-drying cycles and N fertilization were applied. Biochar with or without compost significantly reduced NO emissions and did not change the CH uptake, whereas ryegrass yield was significantly increased. In the second experiment, 0% (control) or 8% (w/w) of BC (peanut hull, maize, wood chip, or charcoal) or 8% HC (beet chips or bark) was mixed into a soil and incubated at 65% water-holding capacity (WHC) for 140 d. Treatments included simulated plowing and N fertilization. All BCs reduced NO emissions by \u223c60%. Hydrochars reduced NO emissions only initially but significantly increased them after N fertilization to 302% (HC-beet) and 155% (HC-bark) of the control emissions, respectively. Large HC-associated CO emissions suggested that microbial activity was stimulated and that HC was less stable than BC. In the third experiment, nutrient-rich peanut hull BC addition and incubation over 1.5 yr at high WHCs did not promote NO emissions. However, NO emissions were significantly increased with BC after NHNO addition. In conclusion, BC reduced NO emissions and improved the GHG-to-yield ratio under field-relevant conditions. However, the risk of increased NO emissions with HC addition must be carefully evaluated.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Nitrous Oxide", "Water", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Nitrification", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Lolium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0132"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2011.0132", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2011.0132", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2011.0132"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2017.03.0106", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-08-26T16:18:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-03", "title": "Combining Urease And Nitrification Inhibitors With Incorporation Reduces Ammonia And Nitrous Oxide Emissions And Increases Corn Yields", "description": "<p>Less than 50% of applied nitrogen (N) fertilizer is typically recovered by corn (Zea mays L.) due to climatic constraints, soil degradation, overapplication, and losses to air and water. Two application methods, two N sources, and two inhibitors were evaluated to reduce N losses and enhance crop uptake. The treatments included broadcast urea (BrUrea), BrUrea with a urease inhibitor (BrUrea+UI), BrUrea with a urease and a nitrification inhibitor (BrUrea+UI+NI), injection of urea ammonium nitrate (InjUAN), and injected with one or both inhibitors (InjUAN+UI, InjUAN+UI+NI), and a control. The BrUrea treatment lost 50% (64.4 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) of the applied N due to ammonia volatilization, but losses were reduced by 64% with BrUrea+UI+NI (23.0 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and by 60% with InjUAN (26.1 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Ammonia losses were lower and crop yields were greater in 2014 than 2013 as a result of the more favorable weather when N was applied in 2014. When ammonia volatilization was reduced by adding a urease inhibitor, N2O emissions were increased by 30 to 31% with BrUrea+UI and InjUAN+UI compared with BrUrea and InjUAN, respectively. Pollution swapping was avoided when both inhibitors were used (BrUrea+UI+NI, InjUAN+UI+NI) as both ammonia volatilization and N2O emissions were reduced, and corn grain yields increased by 5% with BrUrea+UI+NI and by 7% with InjUAN+UI+NI compared with BrUrea and InjUAN, respectively. The combination of two N management strategies (InjUAN+UI+NI) increased yields by 19% (12.9 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) compared with BrUrea (10.8 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921).</p>Core Ideas<p> <p>Ammonia volatilization resulted in 50% loss of applied urea over 2 yr.</p> <p>When urease inhibitors were added with urea, ammonia volatilization was reduced by 64%.</p> <p>Injection of UAN reduced ammonia volatilization by 60% compared with broadcast urea.</p> <p>N2O emissions were increased by 30 to 31% when urease inhibitors were applied.</p> <p>Pollution swapping was avoided when both urease and nitrification inhibitors were used.</p> </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "Denitrification", "Nitrous Oxide", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fertilizers", "Nitrification", "Urease", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2017.03.0106"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2017.03.0106", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2017.03.0106", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2017.03.0106"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5424/sjar/2008062-320", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-26T16:21:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-11-21", "description": "<p>The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of adding DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) to urea on nitrate leaching and maize (Zea mays L.) yield over two growing seasons. Two nitrogen (N) levels (optimum and excessive) were applied to an irrigated maize crop under Mediterranean conditions. There were five treatments: optimal N (as urea) and the same dose plus DMPP; optimal N (as urea plus 40 kg N/ha) and the same N dose plus DMPP; and a control with no added N fertilizer. The maize was irrigated with an overhead mobile-line sprinkler system. EnviroSCAN probes were used to determine drainage and evapotranspiration and ceramic cups to obtain soil solution samples at a soil depth of 1.4 m. The use of DMPP with urea reduced nitrate leaching. No phytotoxic effects were observed due to the DMPP. There were no differences in grain yield between treatments with and without DMPP at the same rate of N. When DMPP was applied, sodium was displaced from the soil exchange complex due to increased NH4+ concentration, which also increased the electrical conductivity of soil in the drainage zone.</p>", "keywords": ["ZEA MAYS; APLICACION DE ABONOS; ABONOS NITROGENADOS; UREA; NITRATOS; LIXIVIACION; POLUCION DE AGUAS SUBTERRANEAS; INHIBIDORES DE LA NITRIFICACION; CONTROL DE LA CONTAMINACION; RENDIMIENTO DE CULTIVOS", "NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS", "INHIBIDORES DE LA NITRIFICACION", "NITROGEN FERTILIZERS", "CONTROL DE LA CONTAMINACION", "LEACHING", "POLLUTION CONTROL", "GROUNDWATER POLLUTION", "NITRATES", "Fertilizing", "RENDIMIENTO DE CULTIVOS", "CROP YIELD", "FERTILIZER APPLICATION", "APLICACION DE ABONOS", "ZEA MAYS", "ZEA MAYS; FERTILIZER APPLICATION; NITROGEN FERTILIZERS; UREA; NITRATES; LEACHING; GROUNDWATER POLLUTION; NITRIFICATION INHIBITORS; POLLUTION CONTROL; CROP YIELD", "POLUCION DE AGUAS SUBTERRANEAS", "2. Zero hunger", "ABONOS NITROGENADOS", "0402 animal and dairy science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "NITRATOS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "LIXIVIACION", "UREA"], "contacts": [{"organization": "D\u00edez L\u00f3pez, J.A., Hernaiz, P.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2008062-320"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Spanish%20Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5424/sjar/2008062-320", "name": "item", "description": "10.5424/sjar/2008062-320", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5424/sjar/2008062-320"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitrification&offset=50&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitrification&offset=50&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitrification&offset=0", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitrification&offset=100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 144, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-08-27T01:50:33.262726Z"}