{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-12", "title": "Long-Term Integrated Soil Fertility Management In South-Western Nigeria: Crop Performance And Impact On The Soil Fertility Status", "description": "Crop response, tree biomass production and changes in soil fertility characteristics were monitored in a long-term (1986\u20132006) alley-cropping trial in Ibadan, Nigeria. The systems included two alley cropping systems with Leucaena leucocephala and Senna siamea on the one hand and a control (no-trees) system on the other hand, all cropped annually with a maize- cowpea rotation. All systems had a plus and minus fertilizer treatment. Over the years, the annual biomass return through tree prunings declined steadily, but more drastically for Leucaena than for Senna. In 2002, the nitrogen contribution from Leucaena residues stabilized at about 200 kg N/ha/year, while the corresponding value for Senna was about 160 kg N/ha/year. On average, the four Leucaena prunings were more equal in biomass as well as in amounts of N, P and cations, while the first Senna pruning was always contributing up to 60% of the annual biomass or nutrient return. Maize crop yields declined steadily in all treatments, but the least so in the Senna + fertilizer treatment where in 2002 still 2.2 t/ha of maize were obtained. Nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency was usually higher in the Senna treatment compared to the control or the Leucaena treatment. Added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer N and organic matter additions were observed only for the Senna treatment and only in the last 6 years. At all other times, they remained absent or were even negative in the Leucaena treatments for the first 3 years. Most chemical soil fertility parameters decreased in all the treatments, but less so in the alley cropping systems. The presence of trees had a positive effect on remaining carbon stocks, while they were reduced compared to the 1986 data. Trees had a positive effect on the maintenance of exchangeable cations in the top soil. Exchangeable Ca, Mg and K \u2013 and hence ECEC \u2013 were only slightly reduced after 16 years of cropping in the tree-based systems, and even increased in the Senna treatments. In the control treatments, values for all these parameters reduced to 50% or less of the original values after 20 years. All the above points to the Senna-based alley system with fertilizers as the more resilient one. This is reflected in all soil fertility parameters, in added benefits due to the combined use of fertilizer nitrogen and organic residue application and in a more stable maize yield over the years, averaging 2.8 t/ha with maximal deviations from the average not exceeding 21%.", "keywords": ["alley cropping", "0106 biological sciences", "added benefits", "fertilizers", "senna siamea", "yields", "dry matter content", "fertilidad del suelo", "maize", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen use efficiency", "cowpeas", "ma\u00edz", "zea mays", "vigna unguiculata", "propiedades f\u00edsico - qu\u00edmicas suelo", "aplicaci\u00f3n de abonos", "hedgerow", "fijaci\u00f3n del nitr\u00f3geno", "2. Zero hunger", "biomass", "caup\u00ed", "soil chemicophysical properties", "nutrient", "soil fertility", "fertilizer application", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "biomasa", "leucaena leucocephala", "nitrogen fixation", "cultivo entre l\u00edneas", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "rendimiento", "contenido de materia seca"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/Articulos_Ciat/D2-PDF.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-005-0194-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10705-020-10067-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-17", "title": "Crop yield after 5\u00a0decades of contrasting residue management", "description": "Abstract<p>The benefits of soil organic input on crop yields have long been discussed, yet details of their relationship remain controversial. This study considers the effects of different residue management on crop performance as assessed by yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Three residue management (residue removal, residue incorporation, and residue incorporation\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89added poultry manure), combined with five levels of N application, were studied in a long-term experiment starting in 1966. Crop residue incorporation improved maize yield by 12% (nutritional effect) and sugar beet yield by 16% (non-nutritional), and the combination of crop residue incorporation with added poultry manure increased both winter wheat and sugar beet yields by 8% (nutritional effect). The NUE values of mineral fertiliser were almost three-fold those of residues and the combination of residue with poultry manure, except in sugar beet and maize, where NUE of mineral fertilizer approached those observed for residues (0.44 vs 0.45, on average). In wheat, NUE for residue incorporation with added poultry manure was nearly double the NUE for residues alone. Residue management effects depended on crop type; spring-sown crops showing stronger effects than those sown in autumn. Residues primarily produced a nutritional effect, suggesting that they decomposed within 1\uffc2\uffa0year. While residue use offers little potential for soil improvement, it does reduce the need for fertilisers.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Crop residues", " Crop yield", " Long-term experiment", " Nitrogen use efficiency", " Poultry manure", "Crop residues; Crop yield; Long-term experiment; Nitrogen use efficiency; Poultry manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3341943/2/unpaywall-bitstream-879875922.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10705-020-10067-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-020-10067-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10705-020-10067-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10705-020-10067-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10705-020-10067-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-017-1857-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-31", "title": "Fates Of N-15-Labeled Fertilizer In A Black Soil-Maize System And The Response To Straw Incorporation In Northeast China", "description": "Over-fertilization has caused low nitrogen (N) use efficiency and N pollution in China. A better understanding of the fate of fertilizer N is critical for improved appropriate N management practices. We examined the fate of urea-N applied to a typical black soil-maize system and the response to straw incorporation in Northeast China using the field 15N labeling technique. Large plots (25\u00a0m2) were used to reduce artificial disturbance and facilitate multiple samplings in one growing season. We found that of the applied N (200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha\u22121), 52% was taken up by crops at harvest and 24% was retained in the soil (0\u201340\u00a0cm). The unrecovered 23% was likely lost via gases emission or leaching, which mainly occurred in the early days of maize cultivation. Fertilizer N contributions to the crop N uptake were 42% during vegetative growth and 30% during reproductive growth, which indirectly indicates that native soil N was the dominant N source for maize growth. However, high N uptake by maize resulted in low replenishment of fertilizer N to soil N. As a potential nutrient management approach, straw incorporation (2.4\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121) stimulated N retention and reduced N loss, with 14% unrecovered fertilizer N. To maintain long-term soil N supplies, straw incorporation could be a valid agronomic practice to prevent the degradation of black soil because of long-term N depletion during maize cultivation in Northeast China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen use efficiency", "13. Climate action", "Fertilizer-derived N", "Allocation", "N-15 labeling", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Mollisol", "630", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1857-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-017-1857-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-017-1857-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-017-1857-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.06.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-25", "title": "Two-Year Simultaneous Records Of N2o And No Fluxes From A Farmed Cropland In The Northern China Plain With A Reduced Nitrogen Addition Rate By One-Third", "description": "Abstract   Given the common problem of fertilizer overuse, agronomists are calling for a reduction of the high nitrogen dose by 1/3. We carried out a field experiment over two full winter wheat\u2013summer maize rotations in the North China Plain (NCP) to determine whether this degree of nitrogen reduction will significantly reduce the emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO). Three treatments were investigated in the field trial: a control with no nitrogen application, the conventional practice with nitrogen over-application and the optimal practice with a reduced dose of nitrogen by 1/3. Our observations across all treatments over the experimental period reveal significant correlations of the fluxes of either gas with soil temperature and moisture as well as the concentrations of soil ammonium, nitrate and dissolvable organic carbon. There were strong correlations within the functions of the dual Arrhenius and Michaelis\u2013Menten kinetics, giving apparent activation energy values of 40\u201397 and 59\u201392\u00a0kJ\u00a0mol\u22121 for N2O and NO fluxes, respectively. Our results provide annual direct emission factors of 0.48\u20130.96% for N2O and 0.15\u20130.47% for NO and demonstrate a significant correlation between N2O emission induced by fertilization and fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The correlation indicates a significant potential of N2O mitigation via enhancing NUEs. A reduction in the nitrogen dose did not obviously mitigate either the annual NO emission in both rotations or the annual N2O emission in the second one. However, nitrogen reduction significantly decreased the annual total N2O emission by 38% during the first rotation. These inconsistencies in the responses of N2O emission to the reduced nitrogen dose can be attributed to improper fertilization practices, such as broadcasting urea prior to heavy rainfalls or irrigation events during the maize season, which implies a need for further fertilization practice options/techniques in addition to the reduction of nitrogen doses.", "keywords": ["Michaelis\u00e2\u20ac\u201cMenten kinetics", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide (N2O)", "Nitric oxide (NO)", "Nitrogen use efficiency", "13. Climate action", "Arrhenius kinetics", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Direct emission factor", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2013.06.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.06.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2013.06.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2013.06.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2024.109178", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-18", "title": "Increased N2O emissions by cover crops in a diverse crop rotation can be mediated with dual nitrification and urease inhibitors", "description": "Agriculture significantly contributes to global soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. Crop rotation diversification and cover cropping are feasible agronomic strategies to reduce nitrogen losses to the environment. However, input of cover crop residues could potentially increase soil N2O emissions. Dual nitrification and urease inhibitors (NUI) administered after cover crop termination at the time of nitrogen fertiliser addition could reduce emissions, but this has not been widely evaluated in field studies. A 4-year crop rotation study was conducted to determine the effect of crop diversification and use of NUI on N2O emissions, crop yield and N2O intensity. Nitrous oxide flux was measured year-round using a micrometeorological method deployed on four 4-ha fields. Two fields were managed with a conventional crop rotation (CONV) (corn \u2013 soybean \u2013 soybean) and two fields were managed with a diverse crop rotation (DIV) (corn \u2013 soybean \u2013 winter-wheat plus cover crops either as 2-species mixture under seeded to corn or 4-species mixture after winter-wheat harvest). The effect of a NUI [N(-n-Butyl) thiophosphoric triamide and Pronitridine] was tested in corn in the fourth year. The DIV rotation resulted in 43 % lower annual N2O emissions when winter wheat was grown instead of soybean and 18\u201326 % increase in annual N2O emissions for corn. The DIV rotation increased N2O intensity by 15 % in Year 1 and 36 % in Year 4 compared to corn in the CONV rotation. The use of NUI in DIV rotation resulted in 15 % lower total N2O emissions over 3 years of the rotation cycle. The application of NUI resulted in a 19 % reduction in N2O intensity within the DIV rotation, with no observable effect on corn yield. Further research should focus on optimising the N application rates according to NUI use, considering available nitrogen from crop residues and cover crops when integrated into the crop rotation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Micrometeorological method", "Nitrogen use efficiency", "Corn-soybean rotation", "Mitigation", "13. Climate action", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2024.109178"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2024.109178", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2024.109178", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2024.109178"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-06", "title": "Long-Term P And K Fertilisation Strategies And Balances Affect Soil Availability Indices, Crop Yield Depression Risk And N Use", "description": "The last century has seen a large increase of fertiliser use, along with a subsequent rise of crop productivity. However, in many places its intensive use has become a burden to the environment, and legislation has been introduced to restrict nutrient applications. In combination with changing production scenarios as a result of climate change, this means an improved understanding is needed of how low nutrient availability and climatic stress factors affect yields and yield stability.We examined the long-term effects mineral and organic fertilisation on a nutrient-depleted field, and observed large annual variations: depending on the year, average spring barley yields under unfertilised management (U) were between 17-75% lower than the reference N1/2P1/2K1/2 (60-10-60 kg ha(-1)). Yields increased up to 174% under N1P1K1 (120-20-120 kg ha(-1)), while animal manure applications at an N availability level corresponding to N-1 were between 79 and 137%. No temporal yield trends could be observed, but long-term changes of Olsen-P and exchangeable K were related to the nutrient balances (inputs-offtake) (r(2) = 0.60 and 0.59, respectively, P < 0.001).Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of the treatments in combination with annual weather variations. The results could be split into two outcomes, 1) a general relation between yields and temperatures for the periods of early spring (P < 0.01, multiple R-2 = 0.31) and summer (P < 0.001, multiple R-2 =0.45), and 2) an interaction between temperature and nutrient applications during crop establishment, leading to a diverse response of relative yields (P < 0.001 multiple R-2 =0.64), i.e. relative yield losses under the unfertilised treatment (U) were greater in years with lower spring temperatures, and, conversely, the increased nutrient availability in the fully mineral and organically fertilised treatments could partially alleviate the negative effects.After 13 years of repeated fertilisation, inputs were suspended for a single year and only N was applied to evaluate the residual effects. Yields were significantly affected by the different fertilisation histories (P < 0.001). Likewise, apparent nitrogen recovery tended to improve with previous inputs, but the observations were highly variable.Overall, the analyses agree with the notion that brief periods of stress at a critical stage may significantly affect yields, and confirmed that management of sufficient nutrient availability is critical for maintaining high and stable yields. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Manure Application", "Yield stability", "550", "Temperature", "Nitrogen Use Efficiency", "Phosphorus", "Partial nutrient balance", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Mediterranean Conditions", "6. Clean water", "Loamy Sand", "Field Experiments", "13. Climate action", "Potassium", "Nutrient use efficiency", "Responses", "Nutrient deficiency", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Winter-Wheat"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2017.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/115010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:18:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-18", "title": "Maintaining Yields And Reducing Nitrogen Loss In Rice-Wheat Rotation System In Taihu Lake Region With Proper Fertilizer Management", "description": "In the Tailake region of China, heavy nitrogen (N) loss of rice\u2013wheat rotation systems, due to high fertilizer-N input with low N use efficiency (NUE), was widely reported. To alleviate the detrimental impacts caused by N loss, it is necessary to improve the fertilizer management practices. Therefore, a 3 yr field experiments with different N managements including organic combined chemical N treatment (OCN, 390 kg N ha ^\u22121 yr ^\u22121 , 20% organic fertilizer), control\u2013released urea treatment (CRU, 390 kg N ha ^\u22121 yr ^\u22121 , 70% resin-coated urea), reduced chemical N treatment (RCN, 390 kg N ha ^\u22121 yr ^\u22121 , all common chemical fertilizer), and site-specific N management (SSNM, 333 kg N ha ^\u22121 yr ^\u22121 , all common chemical fertilizer) were conducted in the Taihu Lake region with the \u2018farmer\u2019s N\u2019 treatment (FN, 510 kg N ha ^\u22121 yr ^\u22121 , all common chemical fertilizer) as a control. Grain yield, plant N uptake (PNU), NUE, and N losses via runoff, leaching, and ammonia volatilization were assessed. In the rice season, the FN treatment had the highest N loss and lowest NUE, which can be attributed to an excessive rate of N application. Treatments of OCN and RCN with a 22% reduced N rate from FN had no significant effect on PNU nor the yield of rice in the 3 yr; however, the NUE was improved and N loss was reduced 20\u201332%. OCN treatment achieved the highest yield, while SSNM has the lowest N loss and highest NUE due to the lowest N rate. In wheat season, N loss decreased about 28\u201348% with the continuous reduction of N input, but the yield also declined, with the exception of OCN treatment. N loss through runoff, leaching and ammonia volatilization was positively correlated with the N input rate. When compared with the pure chemical fertilizer treatment of RCN under the same N input, OCN treatment has better NUE, better yield, and lower N loss. 70% of the urea replaced with resin-coated urea had no significant effect on yield and NUE improvement, but decreased the ammonia volatilization loss. Soil total N and organic matter content showed a decrease after three continuous cropping years with inorganic fertilizer application alone, but there was an increase with the OCN treatment. N balance analysis showed a N surplus for FN treatment and a balanced N budget for OCN treatment. To reduce the environmental impact and maintain a high crop production, proper N reduction together with organic amendments could be sustainable in the rice\u2013wheat rotation system in the Taihu Lake region for a long run.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "soil fertility", "grain yield", "Science", "Physics", "QC1-999", "Q", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "rice\u2013wheat rotation", "15. Life on land", "Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen use efficiency", "6. Clean water", "Environmental sciences", "organic amendments", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "N loss", "GE1-350", "TD1-1066"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Linzhang Yang, Yingliang Yu, Lihong Xue,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/115010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/115010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/115010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/115010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.12409", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-22", "title": "Fire, Hurricane And Carbon Dioxide: Effects On Net Primary Production Of A Subtropical Woodland", "description": "Summary<p>   <p>Disturbance affects most terrestrial ecosystems and has the potential to shape their responses to chronic environmental change.</p>  <p>Scrub\uffe2\uff80\uff90oak vegetation regenerating from fire disturbance in subtropical Florida was exposed to experimentally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (+350\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcl\uffc2\uffa0l\uffe2\uff88\uff921) using open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers for 11\uffc2\uffa0yr, punctuated by hurricane disturbance in year 8. Here, we report the effects of elevated CO2 on aboveground and belowground net primary productivity (NPP) and nitrogen (N) cycling during this experiment.</p>  <p>The stimulation of NPP and N uptake by elevated CO2 peaked within 2\uffc2\uffa0yr after disturbance by fire and hurricane, when soil nutrient availability was high. The stimulation subsequently declined and disappeared, coincident with low soil nutrient availability and with a CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced reduction in the N concentration of oak stems.</p>  <p>These findings show that strong growth responses to elevated CO2 can be transient, are consistent with a progressively limited response to elevated CO2 interrupted by disturbance, and illustrate the importance of biogeochemical responses to extreme events in modulating ecosystem responses to global environmental change.</p>  </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY", "Scrub oak ecosystem", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Quercus", "Soil", "nitrogen cycling", "oak woodland", "ECOSYSTEMS", "Global environmental change", "Biomass", "ROOT BIOMASS", "disturbance", "Florida scrub", "elevated CO2", "Elevated atmospheric CO2", "Plant Stems", "Cyclonic Storms", "Aboveground biomass", "FOREST PRODUCTIVITY", "Hurricane", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Fire", "Soil carbon", "LONG-TERM EXPOSURE", "Net primary productivity", "Long term exposure", "Florida", "Elevated CO2", "fire", "FLORIDA SCRUB", "ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS", "Nitrogen cycling", "TERRESTRIAL", "Oak woodland", "ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "Elevated CO 2", "Nitrogen", "hurricane", "Forest productivity", "Fires", "Terrestrial ecosystems", "SCRUB-OAK ECOSYSTEM", "Net primary productivity (NPP)", "Ecosystem", "Nitrogen use efficiency", "Atmosphere", "net primary productivity (NPP)", "Root biomass", "Plant Sciences", "global environmental change", "Disturbance", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SOIL CARBON"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/context/biology_fac_pubs/article/1266/viewcontent/Day2013FireHurricaneandCarbonDioxideOCR.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12409"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.12409", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.12409", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.12409"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0168134", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-12-13", "title": "Chinese Milk Vetch As Green Manure Mitigates Nitrous Oxide Emission From Monocropped Rice System In South China", "description": "Open AccessMonocropped rice system is an important intensive cropping system for food security in China. Green manure (GM) as an alternative to fertilizer N (FN) is useful for improving soil quality. However, few studies have examined the effect of Chinese milk vetch (CMV) as GM on nitrous oxide (N2O) emission from monocropped rice field in south China. Therefore, a pot-culture experiment with four treatments (control, no FN and CMV; CMV as GM alone, M; fertilizer N alone, FN; integrating fertilizer N with CMV, NM) was performed to investigate the effect of incorporating CMV as GM on N2O emission using a closed chamber-gas chromatography (GC) technique during the rice growing periods. Under the same N rate, incorporating CMV as GM (the treatments of M and NM) mitigated N2O emission during the growing periods of rice plant, reduced the NO3- content and activities of nitrate and nitrite reductase as well as the population of nitrifying bacteria in top soil at maturity stage of rice plant versus FN pots. The global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) of N2O from monocropped rice field was ranked as M<NM<FN. However, the treatment of NM increased rice grain yield and soil NH4+ content, which were dramatically decreased in the M pots, over the treatment of FN. Hence, it can be concluded that integrating FN with CMV as GM is a feasible tactic for food security and N2O mitigation in the monocropped rice based system.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "China", "Science", "Population", "Nitrous Oxide", "Soil Science", "Nitrogen Use Efficiency", "Rice Water Management and Productivity Enhancement", "Plant Science", "Crop", "Nitrate", "Greenhouse gas", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Fertilizer", "Sociology", "Paddy field", "Biology", "Demography", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "Ecology", "Q", "R", "Life Sciences", "Fabaceae", "Oryza", "Agriculture", "Food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Soil Nutrient Management", "15. Life on land", "Crop Production", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "Field experiment", "FOS: Sociology", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Intercropping in Agricultural Systems", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Research Article", "Cropping system", "Nitrate reductase"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0168134"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0168134", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0168134", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0168134"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-12-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11081472", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-26", "title": "Can Long-Term Experiments Predict Real Field N and P Balance and System Sustainability? Results from Maize, Winter Wheat, and Soybean Trials Using Mineral and Organic Fertilisers", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Agri-environmental indicators such as nutrient balance may play a key role in soil and water quality monitoring, although short-term experiments might be unable to capture the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: (i) to evaluate the reliability of long-term experimental N and P balance estimates to predict real field (RF) (i.e., short-term transitory) conditions; and (ii) to compare the sustainability of short- and long-term experiments. The LTE-based predictions showed that crops are generally over-fertilised in RF conditions, particularly maize. Nutrient balance predictions based on the LTE data tended to be more optimistic than those observed under RF conditions, which are often characterised by lower outputs; in particular, 13, 44, and 47% lower yields were observed for winter wheat, maize, and soybean, respectively, under organic management. The graphical evaluation of N and P use efficiency demonstrated the benefit of adopting crop rotation practices and the risk of nutrient loss when liquid organic fertiliser was applied on a long-term basis. In conclusion, LTE predictions may depend upon specific RF conditions, representing potential N and P use efficiencies that, in RF, may be reduced by crop yield-limiting factors and the specific implemented crop sequence.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "S", "phosphorus use efficiency", "phosphorus balance", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "nitrogen balance", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen use efficiency", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Long-term experiment; Nitrogen balance; Nitrogen use efficiency; Phosphorus balance; Phosphorus use efficiency; Real field condition", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "real field condition", "long-term experiment"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1472/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3398065/1/Piccoli%20et%20al%20_2021_agronomy-11-01472-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1472/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11081472"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11081472", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11081472", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11081472"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy7040066", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-27", "description": "<p>A field study was conducted in northern France over two consecutive years to evaluate the combined effect of conventional tillage (CT) vs no till (NT) with or without cover crops (cc) and nitrogen (N) fertilization on various agronomic traits related to N use efficiency in winter wheat. Five years after conversion of CT to NT, significant increases in N use efficiency, N utilization efficiency, N agronomic efficiency, N partial factor productivity, N apparent recovery fraction and N remobilization were observed under three N fertilization regimes (0, 161, 215 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). It was also observed that grain yield and grain N content were similar under CT and NT. The N nutrition index was higher under NT at the three rates of N fertilization. Moreover, N use efficiency related traits were increased in the presence of cc both under NT and CT. Thus, agronomic practices based on continuous NT in the presence of cc, appear to be promising strategies to increase N use efficiency in wheat, while reducing both the use and the loss of N-based fertilizers.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SPI.GPROC] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering", "S", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "grain yield", "nitrogen application", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.IDA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering", "01 natural sciences", "630", "nitrogen use efficiency", "winter wheat", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "nitrogen use efficiency;tillage system;cover crops;nitrogen application;grain yield;winter wheat", "[SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "nitrogen use efficiency; tillage system; cover crops; nitrogen application; grain yield; winter wheat", "cover crops", "nitrogen application ; nitrogen use efficiency ; tillage system ; winter wheat ; grain yield ; cover crops", "tillage system"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Habbib, Hazzar, Hirel, Bertrand, Verzeaux, Julien, Roger, David, Lacoux, J\u00e9r\u00f4me, Lea, Peter, Dubois, Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric, T\u00e9tu, Thierry,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/7/4/66/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy7040066"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy7040066", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy7040066", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy7040066"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-09-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11577/3341943", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:26:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-04-17", "title": "Crop yield after 5\u00a0decades of contrasting residue management", "description": "Abstract<p>The benefits of soil organic input on crop yields have long been discussed, yet details of their relationship remain controversial. This study considers the effects of different residue management on crop performance as assessed by yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Three residue management (residue removal, residue incorporation, and residue incorporation\uffe2\uff80\uff89+\uffe2\uff80\uff89added poultry manure), combined with five levels of N application, were studied in a long-term experiment starting in 1966. Crop residue incorporation improved maize yield by 12% (nutritional effect) and sugar beet yield by 16% (non-nutritional), and the combination of crop residue incorporation with added poultry manure increased both winter wheat and sugar beet yields by 8% (nutritional effect). The NUE values of mineral fertiliser were almost three-fold those of residues and the combination of residue with poultry manure, except in sugar beet and maize, where NUE of mineral fertilizer approached those observed for residues (0.44 vs 0.45, on average). In wheat, NUE for residue incorporation with added poultry manure was nearly double the NUE for residues alone. Residue management effects depended on crop type; spring-sown crops showing stronger effects than those sown in autumn. Residues primarily produced a nutritional effect, suggesting that they decomposed within 1\uffc2\uffa0year. While residue use offers little potential for soil improvement, it does reduce the need for fertilisers.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Crop residues", " Crop yield", " Long-term experiment", " Nitrogen use efficiency", " Poultry manure", "Crop residues; Crop yield; Long-term experiment; Nitrogen use efficiency; Poultry manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3341943/2/unpaywall-bitstream-879875922.pdf"}, {"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10705-020-10067-9.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11577/3341943"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11577/3341943", "name": "item", "description": "11577/3341943", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11577/3341943"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11577/3398065", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:26:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-25", "title": "Can Long-Term Experiments Predict Real Field N and P Balance and System Sustainability? Results from Maize, Winter Wheat, and Soybean Trials Using Mineral and Organic Fertilisers", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Agri-environmental indicators such as nutrient balance may play a key role in soil and water quality monitoring, although short-term experiments might be unable to capture the sustainability of cropping systems. Therefore, the objectives of this study are: (i) to evaluate the reliability of long-term experimental N and P balance estimates to predict real field (RF) (i.e., short-term transitory) conditions; and (ii) to compare the sustainability of short- and long-term experiments. The LTE-based predictions showed that crops are generally over-fertilised in RF conditions, particularly maize. Nutrient balance predictions based on the LTE data tended to be more optimistic than those observed under RF conditions, which are often characterised by lower outputs; in particular, 13, 44, and 47% lower yields were observed for winter wheat, maize, and soybean, respectively, under organic management. The graphical evaluation of N and P use efficiency demonstrated the benefit of adopting crop rotation practices and the risk of nutrient loss when liquid organic fertiliser was applied on a long-term basis. In conclusion, LTE predictions may depend upon specific RF conditions, representing potential N and P use efficiencies that, in RF, may be reduced by crop yield-limiting factors and the specific implemented crop sequence.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "S", "phosphorus use efficiency", "phosphorus balance", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "nitrogen balance", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen use efficiency", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Long-term experiment; Nitrogen balance; Nitrogen use efficiency; Phosphorus balance; Phosphorus use efficiency; Real field condition", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "real field condition", "long-term experiment"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1472/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3398065/1/Piccoli%20et%20al%20_2021_agronomy-11-01472-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/8/1472/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11577/3398065"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11577/3398065", "name": "item", "description": "11577/3398065", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11577/3398065"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-24T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitrogen+Use+Efficiency&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitrogen+Use+Efficiency&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitrogen+Use+Efficiency&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Nitrogen+Use+Efficiency&offset=13", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 13, "numberReturned": 13, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-30T19:05:12.956071Z"}