{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.034", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:16:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-18", "title": "Microbial Enzymatic Responses To Drought And To Nitrogen Addition In A Southern California Grassland", "description": "Microbial enzymes play a fundamental role in ecosystem processes and nutrient mineralization. Therefore understanding enzyme responses to anthropogenic environmental change is important for predicting ecosystem function in the future. In a previous study, we used a reciprocal transplant design to examine the direct and indirect effects of drought and nitrogen (N) fertilization on litter decomposition in a southern California grassland. This work showed direct and indirect negative effects of drought on decomposition, and faster decomposition by N-adapted microbial communities in N-fertilized plots than in non-fertilized plots. Here we measured microbial biomass and the activities of nine extracellular enzymes to examine the microbial and enzymatic mechanisms underlying litter decomposition responses to drought and N. We hypothesized that changes in fungal biomass and potential extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) would relate directly to litter decomposition responses. We also predicted that fungal biomass would dominate the microbial community in our semi-arid study site. However, we found that the microbial community was dominated by bacterial biomass, and that bacteria responded negatively to drought treatment. In contrast to patterns in decomposition, fungal biomass and most potential EEA increased in direct response to drought treatment. Potential EEA was also decoupled from the decomposition response to N treatment. These results suggest that drought and N alter the efficiencies of EEA, defined as the mass of target substrate lost per unit potential EEA. Enzyme efficiencies declined with drought treatment, possibly because reduced water availability increased enzyme immobilization and reduced diffusion rates. In the N experiment, the efficiencies of \u03b2-glucosidase, \u03b2-xylosidase, and polyphenol oxidase were greater when microbes were transplanted into environments from which they originated. This increase in enzymatic efficiency suggests that microbial enzymes may adapt to their local environment. Overall, our results indicate that drought and N addition may have predictable impacts on the efficiencies of extracellular enzymes, providing a means of linking enzyme potentials with in-situ activities.", "keywords": ["Bacteria", "Drought", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Fungi", "Litter decomposition", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "Precipitation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Enzyme efficiency", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Nitrogen fertilization", "Affordable and Clean Energy", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Glucosidase", "Oxidase", "Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt8fw4q1cf/qt8fw4q1cf.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.034"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.034", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.034", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.034"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.06.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-07", "title": "Nitrate Leaching Under Maize Cropping Systems In Po Valley (Italy)", "description": "Intensive crop production in Po Valley (Northern Italy) is associated to high risk of nitrate leaching. A multi-year monitoring of soil solution nitrogen was conducted at 6 sites under the ordinary farm management of maize crop (lea mays L.) in order to assess NO3-N leaching. The amount of N fertilizer (organic + mineral) varied from 209 to 801 kg N ha(-1) year(-1). Maize biomass ranged from 15 to 32 t ha(-1) and N removal from 150 to 400 kg ha(-1). Soil water solution was sampled at five depths along the soil profile (from 0.3 to 1.5 m) at time intervals of 7-30 days using suction cups. Soil water content (SWC) was measured daily by TDR at the same depths of suction cups. Soil water NO3-N concentrations varied from 0 to 110 mg L-1, with the highest concentrations measured after fertilizer application. Once validated on measured SWC data, SWAP model was applied to estimate the drainage flux. Annual leaching was calculated by multiplying drainage flux by soil water NO3-N concentration. N Leaching ranged from 14 to 321 kg ha(-1) year(-1), according to fertilization, crop N removal, rainfall, irrigation management, and it was mainly affected by N surplus. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Intensive cropping system; Irrigation; Nitrate leaching; Nitrogen fertilization; Suction cup", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.06.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.06.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.06.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2011.06.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-09", "title": "Effects Of Experimental Warming And Nitrogen Addition On Soil Respiration And Ch4 Fluxes From Crop Rotations Of Winter Wheat-Soybean/Fallow", "description": "Soil respiration and CH4 emissions play a significant role in the global carbon balance. However, in situ studies in agricultural soils on responses of soil respiration and CH4 fluxes to climate warming are still sparse, especially from long-term studies with year-round heating. A warming experiment was conducted at Luancheng research station in the North China Plain from 2008 to 2013. Two levels of temperature (T: increase on average 1.5 degrees C at 5 cm soil depth by infrared heaters, C: ambient temperature) were combined with two levels of nitrogen (N) treatments (N1: with 315 kg N ha(-1) y(-1), NO: no nitrogen input) in the farmland.Soil was found to be a sink for CH4 with no marked seasonal variations. In the wheat-growing season, warming and N input both decreased cumulative CH4 uptake, probably because warming-induced soil drying in N1 treatment reduced (or limited) methanotroph activity by affecting soil NH4 concentration. Across years, CH4 emissions were negatively correlated with soil temperature in Ni treatment. Soil respiration showed clear seasonal fluctuations, with the largest emissions during summer and smallest in winter. Warming and nitrogen fertilization had no significant effects on total cumulative soil CO2 fluxes. Soil respiration was positively correlated with microbial biomass C, and microbial biomass C was not affected significantly by warming or nitrogen addition. The lack of significant effects of warming on soil respiration may have resulted from: (1) warming-induced soil drying offsetting the effects of soil temperature; or (2) adaption of soil respiration to increased temperature. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["wheat-soybean-fallow", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen fertilization", "CH4", "13. Climate action", "soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "soil microbial biomass", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.06.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-02", "title": "Soil Carbon Quality And Nitrogen Fertilization Structure Bacterial Communities With Predictable Responses Of Major Bacterial Phyla", "description": "Abstract   Agricultural practices affect the soil ecosystem in multiple ways and the soil microbial communities represent an integrated and dynamic measure of soil status. Our aim was to test whether the soil bacterial community and the relative abundance of major bacterial phyla responded predictably to long-term organic amendments representing different carbon qualities (peat and straw) in combination with nitrogen fertilization levels and if certain bacterial groups were indicative of specific treatments. We hypothesized that the long-term treatments had created distinctly different ecological niches for soil bacteria, suitable for either fast-growing copiotrophic bacteria, or slow-growing oligotrophic bacteria. Based on terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism of the 16S rRNA genes from the total soil bacterial community and taxa-specific quantitative real-time PCR of seven different groups, all treatments significantly affected the community structure, but nitrogen fertilization was the most important driver for changes in the relative abundances of the studied taxa. According to an indicator species analysis, the changes were largely explained by the decline in the relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes and Verrucomicrobia with nitrogen fertilization. Conditions more favourable for copiotrophic life strategies were indicated in these plots by the decreased metabolic quotient, i.e. the ratio between basal respiration rate and soil biomass. Apart from the Alphaproteobacteria that were significantly associated with peat, no taxa were indicative of organic amendment in general. However, several significant indicators of both peat and straw were identified among the terminal restriction fragments suggesting that changes induced by the organic amendments were mainly manifested at a lower taxonomical level. Our findings strengthen the proposition that certain higher bacterial taxa adapt in an ecologically coherent way in response to changes induced by fertilization.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Biological indicators", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Nitrogen fertilization", "Soil status", "Long-term experiment", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Microbial community", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic amendment", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.06.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.06.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.06.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2014.06.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.01.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:15:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-02-23", "title": "Effect Of Irrigation And Nitrogen Fertilization On The Production Of Biogas From Maize And Sorghum In A Water Limited Environment", "description": "Abstract   The expansion of biogas production from anaerobic digestion in the Po Valley (Northern Italy) has stimulated the cultivation of dedicated biomass crops, and maize in particular. A mid-term experiment was carried out from 2006 to 2010 on a silt loamy soil in Northern Italy to compare water use and energy efficiency of maize and sorghum cultivation under rain fed and well-watered treatments and at two rates of nitrogen fertilization. The present work hypothesis were: (i) biomass sorghum, for its efficient use of water and nitrogen, could be a valuable alternative to maize for biogas production; (ii) reduction of irrigation level and (iii) application of low nitrogen fertilizer rate increase the efficiency of bioenergy production. Water treatments, a rain fed control (I0) and two irrigation levels (I1 and I2; only one in 2006 and 2009), were compared in a split\u2013split plot design with four replicates. Two fertilizer rates were also tested: low (N1, 60\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 of nitrogen; 0\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 of nitrogen in 2010) and high (N2, 120\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 of nitrogen; 100\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 of nitrogen in 2010). Across treatments, sorghum produced more aboveground biomass than maize, respectively 21.6 Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 and 16.8 Mg\u00a0ha\u22121 (p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen fertilization", "Bioenergy; Biomass; Irrigation; Maize; Nitrogen fertilization; Sorghum; Agronomy and Crop Science; Plant Science; Soil Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "Biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Irrigation", "7. Clean energy", "Sorghum", "6. Clean water", "Maize"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2016.01.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.01.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2016.01.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2016.01.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/12-1243.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-29", "title": "Microbial Abundance And Composition Influence Litter Decomposition Response To Environmental Change", "description": "<p>Rates of ecosystem processes such as decomposition are likely to change as a result of human impacts on the environment. In southern California, climate change and nitrogen (N) deposition in particular may alter biological communities and ecosystem processes. These drivers may affect decomposition directly, through changes in abiotic conditions, and indirectly through changes in plant and decomposer communities. To assess indirect effects on litter decomposition, we reciprocally transplanted microbial communities and plant litter among control and treatment plots (either drought or N addition) in a grassland ecosystem. We hypothesized that drought would reduce decomposition rates through moisture limitation of decomposers and reductions in plant litter quality before and during decomposition. In contrast, we predicted that N deposition would stimulate decomposition by relieving N limitation of decomposers and improving plant litter quality. We also hypothesized that adaptive mechanisms would allow microbes to decompose litter more effectively in their native plot and litter environments. Consistent with our first hypothesis, we found that drought treatment reduced litter mass loss from 20.9% to 15.3% after six months. There was a similar decline in mass loss of litter inoculated with microbes transplanted from the drought treatment, suggesting a legacy effect of drought driven by declines in microbial abundance and possible changes in microbial community composition. Bacterial cell densities were up to 86% lower in drought plots and at least 50% lower on litter derived from the drought treatment, whereas fungal hyphal lengths increased by 13\uffe2\uff80\uff9314% in the drought treatment. Nitrogen effects on decomposition rates and microbial abundances were weaker than drought effects, although N addition significantly altered initial plant litter chemistry and litter chemistry during decomposition. However, we did find support for microbial adaptation to N addition with N\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived microbes facilitating greater mass loss in N plots than in control plots. Our results show that environmental changes can affect rates of ecosystem processes directly through abiotic changes and indirectly through microbial abundances and communities. Therefore models of ecosystem response to global change may need to represent microbial biomass and community composition to make accurate predictions.</p>", "keywords": ["Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Precipitation", "Nitrogen fertilization", "Environmental Microbiology", "Community composition", "Animals", "Home field advantage", "Global change", "Ecosystem", "2. Zero hunger", "Drought", "Bacteria", "Litter decomposition", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "Reciprocal transplant", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Plant Leaves", "Microbes", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5bg595vm/qt5bg595vm.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/12-1243.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/12-1243.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/12-1243.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/12-1243.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-14", "title": "Nitrogen Alters Carbon Dynamics During Early Succession In Boreal Forest", "description": "Boreal forests are an important source of wood products, and fertilizers could be used to improve forest yields, especially in nutrient poor regions of the boreal zone. With climate change, fire frequencies may increase, resulting in a larger fraction of the boreal landscape present in early-successional stages. Since most fertilization studies have focused on mature boreal forests, the response of burned boreal ecosystems to increased nutrient availability is unclear. Therefore, we used a nitrogen (N) fertilization experiment to test how C cycling in a recently-burned boreal ecosystem would respond to increased N availability. We hypothesized that fertilization would increase rates of decomposition, soil respiration, and the activity of extracellular enzymes involved in C cycling, thereby reducing soil C stocks. In line with our hypothesis, litter mass loss increased significantly and activities of cellulose- and chitin-degrading enzymes increased by 45\u201361% with N addition. We also observed a significant decline in C concentrations in the organic soil horizon from 19.5 \u00b1 0.7% to 13.5 \u00b1 0.6%, and there was a trend toward lower total soil C stocks in the fertilized plots. Contrary to our hypothesis, mean soil respiration over three growing seasons declined by 31% from 78.3 \u00b1 6.5 mg CO2\u2013C m\u22122 h\u22121 to 54.4 \u00b1 4.1 mg CO2\u2013C m\u22122 h\u22121. These changes occurred despite a 2.5-fold increase in aboveground net primary productivity with N, and were accompanied by significant shifts in the structure of the fungal community, which was dominated by Ascomycota. Our results show that the C cycle in early-successional boreal ecosystems is highly responsive to N addition. Fertilization results in an initial loss of soil C followed by depletion of soil C substrates and development of a distinct and active fungal community. Total microbial biomass declines and respiration rates do not keep pace with plant inputs. These patterns suggest that N fertilization could transiently reduce but then increase ecosystem C storage in boreal regions experiencing more frequent fires.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Decomposition", "Extracellular enzyme", "Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences", "Fungi", "Agronomy & Agriculture", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Fire", "Soil carbon", "01 natural sciences", "Nitrogen fertilization", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Boreal forest", "Succession", "Alaska", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4z375574/qt4z375574.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:16:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-08", "title": "Soil extracellular enzyme activities, soil carbon and nitrogen storage under nitrogen fertilization: A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract   Nitrogen (N) fertilization affects the rate of soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition by regulating extracellular enzyme activities (EEA). Extracellular enzymes have not been represented in global biogeochemical models. Understanding the relationships among EEA and SOC, soil N (TN), and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) under N fertilization would enable modeling of the influence of EEA on SOC decomposition. Based on 65 published studies, we synthesized the activities of \u03b1-1,4-glucosidase (AG), \u03b2-1,4-glucosidase (BG), \u03b2- d -cellobiosidase (CBH), \u03b2-1,4-xylosidase (BX), \u03b2-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), leucine amino peptidase (LAP), urease (UREA), acid phosphatase (AP), phenol oxidase (PHO), and peroxidase (PEO) in response to N fertilization. The proxy variables for hydrolytic C acquisition enzymes (C-acq), N acquisition (N-acq), and oxidative decomposition (OX) were calculated as the sum of AG, BG, CBH and BX; AG and LAP; PHO and PEO, respectively. The relationships between response ratios (RRs) of EEA and SOC, TN, or MBC were explored when they were reported simultaneously. Results showed that N fertilization significantly increased CBH, C-acq, AP, BX, BG, AG, and UREA activities by 6.4, 9.1, 10.6, 11.0, 11.2, 12.0, and 18.6%, but decreased PEO, OX and PHO by 6.1, 7.9 and 11.1%, respectively. N fertilization enhanced SOC and TN by 7.6% and 15.3%, respectively, but inhibited MBC by 9.5%. Significant positive correlations were found only between the RRs of C-acq and MBC, suggesting that changes in combined hydrolase activities might act as a proxy for MBC under N fertilization. In contrast with other variables, the RRs of AP, MBC, and TN showed unidirectional trends under different edaphic, environmental, and physiological conditions. Our results provide the first comprehensive set of evidence of how hydrolase and oxidase activities respond to N fertilization in various ecosystems. Future large-scale model projections could incorporate the observed relationship between hydrolases and microbial biomass as a proxy for C acquisition under global N enrichment scenarios in different ecosystems.", "keywords": ["LITTER", "570", "Science & Technology", "MICROBIAL COMMUNITY", "Microbial Biomass Carbon (Mbc)", "Soil Science", "610", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "Meta-analysis", "Nitrogen Fertilization", "METHANE OXIDATION", "ECOSYSTEM", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Organic Carbon (Soc)", "ECOENZYMATIC STOICHIOMETRY", "DEPOSITION", "ELEVATED CO2", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "Extracellular Enzyme Activities (Eea)", "GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE", "RESPONSES"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.07.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/03650340.2012.701733", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:17:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-11", "title": "Energy Balances And Soc And N Stocks As Affected By Organic Amendments And Inorganic N Fertilization In A Semi-Arid Environment (Iosdv-Madrid)", "description": "A long-term field experiment (1984-2011), was conducted on a Calcic Haploxeralf from semi-arid central Spain to evaluate the combined effect of three treatments: farmyard manure (FYM), straw and control without organic amendments (WOA) and five increasing rates of mineral N on: (1) some energetic parameters of crop production, and (2) the effect of the different treatments on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N stocks. Crop rotation included spring barley, wheat and sorghum. The energy balance variables considered were net energy produced (energy output minus energy input), the energy output/input ratio and energy productivity (crop yield per unit energy input). Results showed small differences between treatments. Total energy inputs varied from 9.86 GJ ha-1 year-1 (WOA) to 11.14 GJ ha-1 year-1 in the FYM system. For the three crops, total energy inputs increased with increasing rates of mineral N. Energy output was slightly lower in the WOA (33.40 GJ ha-1 year-1) than in the two organic systems (37.34 and 34.96 GJ ha-1 year-1 for FYM and straw respectively). Net energy followed a similar trend. At the end of the 27-year period, the stocks of SOC and total N had increased noticeably in the soil profile (0-30 cm) as a result of application of the two organic amendments. Most important SOC changes occurred in the FYM plots, with mean increases in the 0-10 cm depth, amounting an average of 9.9 Mg C ha-1 (667 kg C ha-1 year-1). Increases in N stocks in the top layer were similar under FYM and straw and ranged from 0.94 to 1.55 Mg N ha-1. By contrast, simultaneous addition of increasing rates of mineral N showed no significant effect on SOC and total N storage. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation of Spain (CICYT). AGL 2007-65698-CO3-02/AGR and the Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha. POII10-0115-2863.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen fertilization", "Semi-arid conditions", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Energy analysis", "Carbon", "Organic amendments"], "contacts": [{"organization": "L\u00f3pez-Fando, Cristina, Pardo Fern\u00e1ndez, Mar\u00eda Teresa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/03650340.2012.701733"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Archives%20of%20Agronomy%20and%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/03650340.2012.701733", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/03650340.2012.701733", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/03650340.2012.701733"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12323", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:18:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-12", "title": "Multi-Nutrient Vs. Nitrogen-Only Effects On Carbon Sequestration In Grassland Soils", "description": "Abstract<p>Human activities have greatly increased the availability of biologically active forms of nutrients [e.g., nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg)] in many soil ecosystems worldwide. Multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90nutrient fertilization strongly increases plant productivity but may also alter the storage of carbon (C) in soil, which represents the largest terrestrial pool of organic C. Despite this issue is important from a global change perspective, key questions remain on how the single addition of N or the combination of N with other nutrients might affect C sequestration in human\uffe2\uff80\uff90managed soils. Here, we use a 19\uffe2\uff80\uff90year old nutrient addition experiment on a permanent grassland to test for nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced effects on soil C sequestration. We show that combined NPKMg additions to permanent grassland have \uffe2\uff80\uff98constrained\uffe2\uff80\uff99 soil C sequestration to levels similar to unfertilized plots whereas the single addition of N significantly enhanced soil C stocks (N\uffe2\uff80\uff90only fertilized soils store, on average, 11\uffc2\uffa0t C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 more than unfertilized soils). These results were consistent across grazing and liming treatments suggesting that whilst multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90nutrient additions increase plant productivity, soil C sequestration is increased by N\uffe2\uff80\uff90only additions. The positive N\uffe2\uff80\uff90only effect on soil C content was not related to changes in plant species diversity or to the functional composition of the plant community. N\uffe2\uff80\uff90only fertilized grasslands show, however, increases in total root mass and the accumulation of organic matter detritus in topsoils. Finally, soils receiving any N addition (N only or N in combination with other nutrients) were associated with high N losses. Overall, our results demonstrate that nutrient fertilization remains an important global change driver of ecosystem functioning, which can strongly affect the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term sustainability of grassland soil ecosystems (e.g., soils ability to deliver multiple ecosystem services).</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Sequestration", "root mass", "Nitrogen", "grasslands", "nitrogen losses", "Phosphorus", "nitrogen fertilization", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "England", "nutrient addition", "13. Climate action", "Potassium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "plant productivity", "ecosystem services", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12323"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12323", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12323", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12323"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00737.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:18:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-24", "title": "Simulated Chronic No3\u2212Deposition Reduces Soil Respiration In Northern Hardwood Forests", "description": "Abstract<p>Chronic N additions to forest ecosystems can enhance soil N availability, potentially leading to reduced C allocation to root systems. This in turn could decrease soil CO2 efflux. We measured soil respiration during the first, fifth, sixth and eighth years of simulated atmospheric NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 deposition (3\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83N\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) to four sugar maple\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated northern hardwood forests in Michigan to assess these possibilities. During the first year, soil respiration rates were slightly, but not significantly, higher in the NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended plots. In all subsequent measurement years, soil respiration rates from NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended soils were significantly depressed. Soil temperature and soil matric potential were measured concurrently with soil respiration and used to develop regression relationships for predicting soil respiration rates. Estimates of growing season and annual soil CO2 efflux made using these relationships indicate that these C fluxes were depressed by 15% in the eighth year of chronic NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 additions. The decrease in soil respiration was not due to reduced C allocation to roots, as root respiration rates, root biomass, and root turnover were not significantly affected by N additions. Aboveground litter also was unchanged by the 8 years of treatment. Of the remaining potential causes for the decline in soil CO2 efflux, reduced microbial respiration appears to be the most likely possibility. Documented reductions in microbial biomass and the activities of extracellular enzymes used for litter degradation on the NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff90amended plots are consistent with this explanation.</p>", "keywords": ["Nitrogen Fertilization", "Soil CO 2 Efflux", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "Science", "Atmospheric Nitrate Deposition", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Root Respiration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Temperature and Moisture Effects", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Root Biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00737.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00737.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00737.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00737.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:18:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-02-11", "title": "Microbial Activity And Soil Respiration Under Nitrogen Addition In Alaskan Boreal Forest", "description": "Abstract<p>Climate warming could increase rates of soil organic matter turnover and nutrient mineralization, particularly in northern high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude ecosystems. However, the effects of increasing nutrient availability on microbial processes in these ecosystems are poorly understood. To determine how soil microbes respond to nutrient enrichment, we measured microbial biomass, extracellular enzyme activities, soil respiration, and the community composition of active fungi in nitrogen (N) fertilized soils of a boreal forest in central Alaska. We predicted that N addition would suppress fungal activity relative to bacteria, but stimulate carbon (C)\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme activities and soil respiration. Instead, we found no evidence for a suppression of fungal activity, although fungal sporocarp production declined significantly, and the relative abundance of two fungal taxa changed dramatically with N fertilization. Microbial biomass as measured by chloroform fumigation did not respond to fertilization, nor did the ratio of fungi\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83bacteria as measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. However, microbial biomass C\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83N ratios narrowed significantly from 16.0 \uffc2\uffb1 1.4 to 5.2 \uffc2\uffb1 0.3 with fertilization. N fertilization significantly increased the activity of a cellulose\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzyme and suppressed the activities of protein\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and chitin\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading enzymes but had no effect on soil respiration rates or 14C signatures. These results indicate that N fertilization alters microbial community composition and allocation to extracellular enzyme production without affecting soil respiration. Thus, our results do not provide evidence for strong microbial feedbacks to the boreal C cycle under climate warming or N addition. However, organic N cycling may decline due to a reduction in the activity of enzymes that target nitrogenous compounds.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "nucleotide analog", "Ecology", "microbial biomass", "ectomycorrhizal fungi", "extracellular enzyme", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biological Sciences", "soil respiration", "Environmental sciences", "Biological sciences", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "carbon cycle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "boreal forest", "bacteria", "Alaska", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt5dg6p7gm/qt5dg6p7gm.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01549.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/1983-21252016v29n405rc", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-05", "title": "Corn Development And Production In Function Of Sources Of Nitrogen Fertilizers And Doses", "description": "<p>ABSTRACT Nitrogen (N) is one of the nutrients that have the most significant effect on corn grain productivity increase. In order to evaluate the effect of sources of N topdressing and doses in the grown corn culture, in a conventional till system, it was installed an experiment in the city of Uruta\uffc3\uffad, Goi\uffc3\uffa1s, in the 2012/13 crop, in clayey textured Red Latosol. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with four replications, with the treatments arranged in a factorial 3 x 5, consisting of three sources (coated urea, urea and ammonium sulfate) and five doses (0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg ha-1) of N, topdressing, applied in the surface and in a single dose, when the corn plants were in V4 stage. The hybrid used was the P3646H. We evaluated the following characters: stem diameter, plant height, height of ear insertion, leaf N, number of ears per plant, ear length, number of rows per ear, number of grains per row, 100 grains mass and grain productivity. All characters have a response to nitrogen fertilization and only the height of ear insertion showed no significant difference between sources. The source coated urea showed the best results, indicating that its use may be compensatory, especially in favorable conditions for the NH3 volatilization, as the application of high doses of N in the surface.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Coated urea", "Aduba\u00e7\u00e3o nitrogenada", "S", "QH301-705.5", "Ureia", "Agriculture", "Sulfato de am\u00f4nio", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Aduba\u00e7\u00e3o nitrogenada. Sulfato de am\u00f4nio. Ureia. Ureia revestida. Zea mays L..", "01 natural sciences", "Nitrogen fertilization", "Zea mays L.", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitrogen fertilization. Ammonium sulfate. Urea. Coated urea. Zea mays L..", "Ammonium sulfate", "Biology (General)", "Ureia revestida"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://periodicos.ufersa.edu.br/caatinga/article/view/4377/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n405rc"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Caatinga", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/1983-21252016v29n405rc", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/1983-21252016v29n405rc", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n405rc"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000600017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-02-11", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization Of Urea In The Out-Of-Season Corn", "description": "<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the N losses due to volatilization at different rates of common urea, polymer coated urea and urease inhibitor-treated urea in the out-of-season corn, using semi-open static collectors. The treatments consisted of N levels on side-dressing fertilization with urea in different treatments: (a) control (without N), (b) urea 40 kg ha-1 N, (c) urea 80 kg ha-1 N, (d) polymer coated urea 40 kg ha-1 N, (e) polymer coated urea 80 kg ha-1 N and (f) urea with the urease inhibitor (UI) N 80 kg ha-1 N. The results showed that the treatments with polymer coated urea and with urease inhibitor-treated urea reduced the volatilization of N around 50 % compared to common urea, either in the first and the second N side-dressing fertilizations. Thus, they demonstrate that the polymer coat and the urease inhibitors were effective in reducing the volatilization of urea N applied in coverage, which resulted in higher productivity. There was also increasing urease activity in the treatments with application of common urea.</p>", "keywords": ["libera\u00e7\u00e3o lenta", "slow release", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "aduba\u00e7\u00e3o nitrogenada", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "nitrogen", "nitrog\u00eanio"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pereira, Hamilton Seron, Le\u00e3o, Anabelisa Ferreira, Verginassi, Adriana, Carneiro, Marco Aur\u00e9lio Carbone,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832009000600017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000600017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000600017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832009000600017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832014000500017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-05", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization From Nitrogen Fertilizers In No-Till Wheat And Maize In Southern Brazil", "description": "<p>Crop residues on the soil surface of no-till systems can intensify ammonia volatilization from N fertilizers applied to cereal crops. This study assessed the magnitude of N losses through ammonia volatilization from urea applied to no-till winter (wheat) and summer crops (maize) on a Typic Hapludox in the south-central region of Paran\uffc3\uffa1, southern Brazil. In addition, the potential of alternative N sources (urea with urease inhibitor, liquid fertilizer, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate) and different urea managements (fertilizer applied in the morning or afternoon) were evaluated. Two experiments with maize and wheat were carried out for two years, arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Nitrogen volatilization losses were assessed with a semi-open static collector until 21 days after fertilization. In winter, the losses were low (&lt;5.5 % of applied N) for all N sources, which were not distinguishable, due to the low temperatures. In the summer, volatilization rates from urea were higher than in the winter, but did not exceed 15 % of applied N. The main factor decreasing N losses in the summer was the occurrence of rainfall in the first five days after fertilization. Urea with urease inhibitor, nitrate and ammonium sulfate were efficient to decrease ammonia volatilization in maize, whereas the application time (morning or afternoon) had no influence.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Yield", "Aduba\u00e7\u00e3o nitrogenada", "Agriculture (General)", "rendimento", "Trigo", "Brasil", " Regi\u00e3o Sul", "aduba\u00e7\u00e3o nitrogenada", "nitrogen fertilization", "Efficiency", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plantio direto", "yield", "efici\u00eancia", "6. Clean water", "S1-972", "Milho", "Nitrogen fertilization", "efficiency", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Viero, Fernando, Bayer, Cim\u00e9lio, Fontoura, Sandra Mara Vieira, Moraes, Renato Paulo de,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832014000500017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832014000500017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832014000500017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832014000500017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17221/4193-pse", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-10", "title": "Nitrogen Balance And Mineral Nitrogen Content In The Soil In A Long Experiment With Maize Under Different Systems Of N Fertilization", "description": "The effect of different systems of N fertilization on nitrogen balance and N transformation in the soil was studied in long-term stationary experiments (1991-2002) with successive growing of maize. Average dry matter yield for the control without fertilization in the period 1991-2002 was 11.67 t of dry matter per ha, which was by 2-2.9 t less than for fertilization treatments. Statistically significant differences between the control and fertilization treatments were determined for the first time in the 4th experimental year. Average nitrogen uptake by the aboveground biomass was116 kgN/ha for the control, 162-170 kg N/ha for fertilization treatments. All experimental treatments had a negative balance of N inputs and outputs, and it was -1394 kg N/ha for the control (for 12 experimental years). After the application of mineral fertilizers, a lower content of total carbon and nitrogen was measured in the topsoil compared to the control and treatments with organic fertilization. The changes in the nitrogen regime of soil were characterized by the content of extractable nitrogen and carbon in extractions by 0.01M CaCl2. With respect to the content of mineral nitrogen and easily extractable organic nitrogen and carbon in the topsoil the control was most stable followed by farmyard manure treatment. Soil lysimeters were installed in these experiments (depth60 cm, size0.2 m2). For an eight-year period (1994/2002)11.78 kgN-NO3-/ha were determined in lysimetric waters. These values for fertilization treatments ranged from 21.0 to58.2 kgN-NO3-/ha. Straw application reduced nitrate contents in lysimetric waters.", "keywords": ["n transformation in soil", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "stationary experiment", "Plant culture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "maize", "lysimeters", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "SB1-1110"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M. Zitkov\u00e1, J. Bal\u00edk, J. \u010cern\u00fd, Pavel Tlusto\u0161,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17221/4193-pse"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Soil%20and%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17221/4193-pse", "name": "item", "description": "10.17221/4193-pse", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17221/4193-pse"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/06-2057.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-03-07", "title": "Nitrogen Limitation Of Net Primary Productivity In Terrestrial Ecosystems Is Globally Distributed", "description": "Our meta-analysis of 126 nitrogen addition experiments evaluated nitrogen (N) limitation of net primary production (NPP) in terrestrial ecosystems. We tested the hypothesis that N limitation is widespread among biomes and influenced by geography and climate. We used the response ratio (R approximately equal ANPP(N)/ANPP(ctrl)) of aboveground plant growth in fertilized to control plots and found that most ecosystems are nitrogen limited with an average 29% growth response to nitrogen (i.e., R = 1.29). The response ratio was significant within temperate forests (R = 1.19), tropical forests (R = 1.60), temperate grasslands (R = 1.53), tropical grasslands (R = 1.26), wetlands (R = 1.16), and tundra (R = 1.35), but not deserts. Eight tropical forest studies had been conducted on very young volcanic soils in Hawaii, and this subgroup was strongly N limited (R = 2.13), which resulted in a negative correlation between forest R and latitude. The degree of N limitation in the remainder of the tropical forest studies (R = 1.20) was comparable to that of temperate forests, and when the young Hawaiian subgroup was excluded, forest R did not vary with latitude. Grassland response increased with latitude, but was independent of temperature and precipitation. These results suggest that the global N and C cycles interact strongly and that geography can mediate ecosystem response to N within certain biome types.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Evolutionary Biology", "Ecology", "Nitrogen", "carbon", "Climate", "net primary production", "Plant Development", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Carbon", "Trees", "meta-analysis", "nitrogen deposition", "13. Climate action", "Ecological Applications", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "resource limitation", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt998412zp/qt998412zp.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/06-2057.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/06-2057.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/06-2057.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/06-2057.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2011.0311", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:19:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-29", "description": "<p>Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important grain crop grown in both highly productive and marginal areas in the central Great Plains because of the crop's ability to use the erratic precipitation observed in this region. More effective capture and storage of this limited rainfall is needed to improve the productivity and profitability of dryland agriculture. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term tillage and N fertilization on soil physical and hydraulic properties after long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term continuous grain sorghum production. Variables included conventional tillage (CT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) and four rates of N fertilizer. Selected soil quality indicators included soil organic carbon (SOC), bulk density (BD), wet aggregate stability (WAS), and ponded infiltration. No\uffe2\uff80\uff90till accumulated more SOC in the surface 0 to 5 cm, and was less dense at all depths than CT. When tillage was compared across all N rates, NT contained 30% greater SOC than CT at the 0 to 5 cm. Mean weight diameter (MWD) was larger with increasing N fertilization and eliminating tillage. Ponded infiltration rates were greatest for the high N fertilization rate under NT, and lowest for the 0 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 rate under CT. In this long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term grain sorghum system, increasing N fertilization rate and NT both positively affected soil physical properties. These improvements in hydraulic properties will aid in more effectively capturing unpredictable precipitation, and further underscore the utility of NT management practices for the central Great Plains region.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen fertilization", "Grain sorghum", "Soil physical properties", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2011.0311"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2011.0311", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2011.0311", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2011.0311"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fenvs.2022.914851", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-19", "title": "Maize diversification and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil nitrous oxide emissions in irrigated mediterranean conditions", "description": "<p>Maize is a major irrigated crop in Mediterranean areas and its typical intensive management may impact soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. In these irrigated continuous maize systems, the legumes incorporation as well as adjusted nitrogen (N) fertilization might be interesting strategies to reduce soil N2O emissions. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of cropping diversification and different N rates on soil N2O emissions in flooded irrigated maize under Mediterranean conditions. To achieve this, two cropping systems (maize monoculture system, MC; and pea -maize rotation, MP) and 3N rates (unfertilized, 0N; medium rate, MN; and high rate, HN) were evaluated in a field experiment established in NE Spain during 2\uffc2\uffa0years (2019; 2020). During the studied period, the N rate had a significant effect on soil N2O emissions, with a non-linear positive response of cumulative soil N2O emissions to N rates. In both systems, quick and high increases of soil N2O fluxes were observed immediately after the N application reaching 55 and 100\uffc2\uffa0mg N2O-N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0day\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in MC and MP, respectively. Both years, the pea phase of the MP rotation showed greater cumulative N2O emissions than the fallow of MC. However, N2O losses in the maize phase were similar (2019) or even higher (2020) in MC than in MP. Moreover, in both seasons, the MN treatments showed lower yield-scaled N2O emissions and N emission factor than the HN treatments, being this last lower than 1% in all cases. The results obtained showed that in irrigated Mediterranean conditions the replacement of a fallow by a legume, together with an adjusted N fertilization are favourable strategies to mitigate soil N2O emissions in high-yielding maize systems.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "irrigated systems", "soil N2O emissions", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "cropping diversification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/13", "maize monoculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.914851"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Environmental%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fenvs.2022.914851", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fenvs.2022.914851", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fenvs.2022.914851"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2013.00078", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-09", "title": "Changes In Fungal Community Composition In Response To Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Nitrogen Fertilization Varies With Soil Horizon", "description": "Increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and rates of nitrogen (N)-deposition to forest ecosystems are predicted to alter the structure and function of soil fungal communities, but the spatially heterogeneous distribution of soil fungi has hampered investigations aimed at understanding such impacts. We hypothesized that soil physical and chemical properties and fungal community composition would be differentially impacted by elevated atmospheric CO2 (eCO2) and N-fertilization in spatially separated field samples, in the forest floor, 0-2, 2-5, and 5-10\u2009cm depth intervals in a loblolly pine Free-Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment (FACE) experiment. In all soils, quantitative PCR-based estimates of fungal biomass were highest in the forest floor. Fungal richness, based on pyrosequencing of the fungal ribosomal large subunit gene, increased in response to N-fertilization in 0-2\u2009cm and forest floor intervals. Composition shifted in forest floor, 0-2 and 2-5\u2009cm intervals in response to N-fertilization, but the shift was most distinct in the 0-2\u2009cm interval, in which the largest number of statistically significant changes in soil chemical parameters (i.e., phosphorus, organic matter, calcium, pH) was also observed. In the 0-2\u2009cm interval, increased recovery of sequences from the Thelephoraceae, Tricholomataceae, Hypocreaceae, Clavicipitaceae, and Herpotrichiellaceae families and decreased recovery of sequences from the Amanitaceae correlated with N-fertilization. In this same depth interval, Amanitaceae, Tricholomataceae, and Herpotriciellaceae sequences were recovered less frequently from soils exposed to eCO2 relative to ambient conditions. These results demonstrated that vertical stratification should be taken into consideration in future efforts to elucidate environmental impacts on fungal communities and their feedbacks on ecosystem processes.", "keywords": ["elevated CO2", "soil chemistry", "basidiomycota", "Basidiomycota", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil Chemistry", "15. Life on land", "agaricales", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "forest floor", "Ascomycota", "13. Climate action", "soil fungi", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agaricales"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00078"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2013.00078", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2013.00078", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2013.00078"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11071413", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-14", "title": "The Effect of N Fertilizer Application Timing on Wheat Yield on Chernozem Soil", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The challenges of the global food supply and environment conservation require ongoing scientific observations of soil-to-plant and plant-to-environment interactions with the aim of improving agriculture resource management. This study included observations of winter wheat yield and biomass of four varieties over three consecutive growing seasons and four site-year cases to assess the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization rate and time of application on grain yield and biomass. For different wheat varieties, the full factorial design was performed, where factorial combinations of year, location, fall and spring N applications were laid out in a randomized complete block design. The N rate significantly influenced grain yield and biomass production efficiency. The time of N application had a highly significant effect on grain yield, biomass and NUE traits. The N rate of 120 kg ha\u22121 was recognized as a breakpoint over which the grain yield and biomass showed a downtrend. N application in the fall had a significantly higher impact on grain yield and biomass compared to spring N application. The major contribution of wheat variability production belongs to seasonal climate circumstances (&lt;85%) and consequential intrinsic soil properties. The average difference of grain yield between varieties was 15.75%, and 12% of biomass, respectively.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "NUE", "S", "design of experiment (DoE)", "yield response", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "nitrogen fertilization", "nitrogen fertilization; yield response; design of experiment (DoE); NUE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/7/1413/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/7/1413/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11071413"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11071413", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11071413", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11071413"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/w9020141", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-22", "title": "Water Leakage And Nitrate Leaching Characteristics In The Winter Wheat-Summer Maize Rotation System In The North China Plain Under Different Irrigation And Fertilization Management Practices", "description": "<p>Field experiments were carried out in Huantai County from 2006 to 2008 to evaluate the effects of different nitrogen (N) fertilization and irrigation management practices on water leakage and nitrate leaching in the dominant wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93maize rotation system in the North China Plain (NCP). Two N fertilization (NF1, the traditional one; NF2, fertilization based on soil testing) and two irrigation (IR1, the traditional one; IR2, irrigation based on real-time soil water content monitoring) management practices were designed in the experiments. Water and nitrate amounts leaving the soil layer at a depth of 2.0 m below the soil surface were calculated and compared. Results showed that the IR2 effectively reduced water leakage and nitrate leaching amounts in the two-year period, especially in the winter wheat season. Less than 10 percent irrigation water could be saved in a dry winter wheat season, but about 60 percent could be saved in a wet winter wheat season. Besides, 58.8 percent nitrate under single NF2IR1 and 85.2 percent under NF2IR2 could be prevented from leaching. The IR2 should be considered as the best management practice to save groundwater resources and prevent nitrate from leaching. The amounts of N input play a great role in affecting nitrate concentrations in the soil solutions in the winter wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93summer maize rotation system. The NF2 significantly reduced N inputs and should be encouraged in ordinary agricultural production. Thus, nitrate leaching and groundwater contamination could be alleviated, but timely N supplement might be needed under high precipitation condition.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "water leakage; nitrate leaching; maize; winter wheat; optimized nitrogen fertilization; optimized irrigation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Shufeng Chen, Chengchun Sun, Changhong Sun, Wenliang Wu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/9/2/141/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/w9020141"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/w9020141", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/w9020141", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/w9020141"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4067/s0718-58392013000200012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-16T16:20:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-18", "title": "Rates Of Urea With Or Without Urease Inhibitor For Topdressing Wheat", "description": "The urease inhibitor NBPT(N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide) is a management alternative to increase urea efficiency in topdressing because it reduces NH3 volatilization. The objective of this study was to evaluate N recovery and yield performance of wheat ( Triticum  aestivum   L.) \u2018BRS 254\u2019 fertilized with different urea or urea + NBPT rates in topdressing. The experiment was conducted from May to September 2007 in Vicosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Treatments followed a 5 \u00d7 2 + 1 factorial design consisting of five N fertilizer rates (30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg ha-1) as urea or urea + NBPT (Agrotain\u00ae ) applied as topdressing and a control without N. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Adding NBPT to urea resulted in better N utilization by wheat plants. The 100 kg N ha-1 topdressing rate provided the best apparent N recovery by wheat plants, whereas 90 kg ha-1 provided the best N use efficiency.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Triticum aestivum", "NBPT", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nitrogen fertilization", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "NH3 volatilization", "N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Espindula, Marcelo C., Rocha, Valterley S., de Souza, Moacil Alves, Campanharo, Marcela, Paula, Guilherme de Sousa,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-58392013000200012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chilean%20journal%20of%20agricultural%20research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4067/s0718-58392013000200012", "name": "item", "description": "10.4067/s0718-58392013000200012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4067/s0718-58392013000200012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.6379480", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:22:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-14", "title": "The Effect of N Fertilizer Application Timing on Wheat Yield on Chernozem Soil", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The challenges of the global food supply and environment conservation require ongoing scientific observations of soil-to-plant and plant-to-environment interactions with the aim of improving agriculture resource management. This study included observations of winter wheat yield and biomass of four varieties over three consecutive growing seasons and four site-year cases to assess the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization rate and time of application on grain yield and biomass. For different wheat varieties, the full factorial design was performed, where factorial combinations of year, location, fall and spring N applications were laid out in a randomized complete block design. The N rate significantly influenced grain yield and biomass production efficiency. The time of N application had a highly significant effect on grain yield, biomass and NUE traits. The N rate of 120 kg ha\u22121 was recognized as a breakpoint over which the grain yield and biomass showed a downtrend. N application in the fall had a significantly higher impact on grain yield and biomass compared to spring N application. The major contribution of wheat variability production belongs to seasonal climate circumstances (&lt;85%) and consequential intrinsic soil properties. The average difference of grain yield between varieties was 15.75%, and 12% of biomass, respectively.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "NUE", "S", "design of experiment (DoE)", "yield response", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "nitrogen fertilization", "nitrogen fertilization; yield response; design of experiment (DoE); NUE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/7/1413/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/7/1413/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6379480"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6379480", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6379480", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6379480"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3181088246", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-16T16:25:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-14", "title": "The Effect of N Fertilizer Application Timing on Wheat Yield on Chernozem Soil", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>The challenges of the global food supply and environment conservation require ongoing scientific observations of soil-to-plant and plant-to-environment interactions with the aim of improving agriculture resource management. This study included observations of winter wheat yield and biomass of four varieties over three consecutive growing seasons and four site-year cases to assess the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization rate and time of application on grain yield and biomass. For different wheat varieties, the full factorial design was performed, where factorial combinations of year, location, fall and spring N applications were laid out in a randomized complete block design. The N rate significantly influenced grain yield and biomass production efficiency. The time of N application had a highly significant effect on grain yield, biomass and NUE traits. The N rate of 120 kg ha\u22121 was recognized as a breakpoint over which the grain yield and biomass showed a downtrend. N application in the fall had a significantly higher impact on grain yield and biomass compared to spring N application. The major contribution of wheat variability production belongs to seasonal climate circumstances (&lt;85%) and consequential intrinsic soil properties. The average difference of grain yield between varieties was 15.75%, and 12% of biomass, respectively.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "NUE", "S", "design of experiment (DoE)", "yield response", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "nitrogen fertilization", "nitrogen fertilization; yield response; design of experiment (DoE); NUE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/7/1413/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/7/1413/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3181088246"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3181088246", "name": "item", "description": "3181088246", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3181088246"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "4fcaa48d-aef8-4f80-aa54-5dd992ad4333", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[5.81, 47.26], [5.81, 54.76], [15.77, 54.76], [15.77, 47.26], [5.81, 47.26]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Winter wheat"}, {"id": "Nitrogen"}, {"id": "Climatic change"}, {"id": "Phenology"}, {"id": "Statistical methods"}, {"id": "genotype environment interaction"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Winter wheat"}, {"id": "yield development"}, {"id": "nitrogen fertilization experiments"}, {"id": "climate change"}, {"id": "climate effects"}, {"id": "phenology"}, {"id": "meta-analysis"}, {"id": "mixed-effect analysis"}, {"id": "soil types"}, {"id": "soil quality rating"}, {"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Climate change impact"}, {"id": "climatic change"}, {"id": "environmental impact"}, {"id": "environmental statistics"}, {"id": "data analysis"}, {"id": "statistical analysis"}, {"id": "field experiment"}, {"id": "soil"}, {"id": "heat stress"}, {"id": "water stress"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the research activities of the DFG funded project 'Data-Meta Analysis to assess the productivity development of cultivated plants'\"(Grant number: Stu 127/19-3) at the Institute of Horticultural Production Systems of the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hanover (LUH). Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the above mentioned project and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the above mentioned project and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The above mentioned project and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2023-12-14", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2020-01-28", "language": "eng", "title": "Variance Analysis Dataset - Yields N-level Environment", "description": "This table (Variance Analysis Dataset - Yields N-level Environment) is part of a larger file dataset that contains processed data and information used in the meta-analysis \u201cYield development of German winter wheat between 1958 and 2015\u201d of the Project \u201cData-Meta Analysis to assess the productivity development of cultivated plants\u201d funded by the DFG. This table contains the final data used for the variance analysis in this project and derived from the entire dataset, which comprises the following data:\n- Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields and nitrogen application amounts from nitrogen fertilization experiments of variable duration (1-6 years) carried out at 43 locations across Germany and between 1958 and 2015 found in 34 different sources in the literature.\n- The derived maximum yields (Ymax) and optimal nitrogen amounts (Nopt) from the nitrogen experiments, function coefficients, and statistics.\n- Geographical information (latitude, longitude, altitude) and other site specific information of the experimental sites (soil type, soil yield potential, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, mean annual climatic water balance, soil climate region, cultivation region).\n- Processed phenological and climatic data for each experimental site.", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "Winter wheat", 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Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. 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Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the BonaRes Module A-Project - BonaRes - SIGNAL and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. 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Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the research activities of the DFG funded project 'Data-Meta Analysis to assess the productivity development of cultivated plants'\"(Grant number: Stu 127/19-3) at the Institute of Horticultural Production Systems of the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hanover (LUH). Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the above mentioned project and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the above mentioned project and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The above mentioned project and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2023-12-12", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2020-01-28", "language": "eng", "title": "Dataset of winter wheat yields in Germany between 1958 and 2015 from N-fertilization experiments - TRIAL_SITES", "description": "This data set (TRIAL_SITES) is the starting point of a larger data set that contains data and information used in the study \u201cYield development of German winter wheat between 1958 and 2015\u201d in the Project \u201cData-Meta Analysis to assess the productivity development of cultivated plants\u201d funded by the DFG. This starting table contains geographical and environmental information about the experimental sites at which the N-fertilisation experiments were conducted. Amon other topics, this data set can be mainly  used to analyse the impact of climatic changes on the development of winter wheat in Germany.\n\nThe data set comprises following data:\n- Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields and nitrogen application amounts from nitrogen fertilization experiments of variable duration (1-6 years) carried out at 43 locations across Germany, between 1958 and 2015, and found in 34 different sources in the literature.\n- The derived maximum yields (Ymax) and optimal nitrogen amounts (Nopt) from the nitrogen experiments, function coefficients, and statistics.\n- Geographical information (latitude, longitude, altitude) and other site specific information of the experimental sites (soil type, soil yield potential, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, mean annual climatic water balance, soil climate region, cultivation region).\n- Processed phenological and climatic data for each experimental site.", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": 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University Hanover", "position": "Scientist", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 511 762-19269"}], "emails": [{"value": "boenecke@igzev.de, boenecke@gem.uni-hannover.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Herrenh\u00e4user Strasse 2"], "city": "Hanover", "administrativeArea": "Lower Saxony", "postalCode": "30419", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Laura Breitsameter", "organization": "Leibniz University Hanover", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 511 762-19269"}], "emails": [{"value": "breitsameter@igzev.de, boenecke@gem.uni-hannover.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Herrenh\u00e4user Strasse 2"], "city": "Hanover", "administrativeArea": "Lower Saxony", "postalCode": "30419", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Nicolas Br\u00fcggeman", "organization": "Research Centre Julich", "position": "Professor", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 246 161 8643"}], "emails": [{"value": "n.brueggemann@fz-juelich.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Wilhelm-Johnen-Stra\u00dfe"], "city": "Julich", "administrativeArea": "North Rhine-Westphalia", "postalCode": "52428", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Till Feike", "organization": "Julius Kuehn-Institute", "position": "Scientist", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 332 034 8312"}], "emails": [{"value": "til.feike@julius-kuehn.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Stahnsdorfer Damm 81"], "city": "Kleinmachnow", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "14532", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Henning Kage", "organization": "Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel", "position": "Professor", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 431 880 3472"}], "emails": [{"value": "kage@pflanzenbau.uni-kiel.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 9"], "city": "Kiel", "administrativeArea": "Schleswig-Holstein", 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special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the research activities of the DFG funded project 'Data-Meta Analysis to assess the productivity development of cultivated plants'\"(Grant number: Stu 127/19-3) at the Institute of Horticultural Production Systems of the Faculty of Natural Sciences at the Leibniz Universit\u00e4t Hanover (LUH). Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the above mentioned project and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the above mentioned project and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The above mentioned project and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2023-12-14", "created": "2020-01-28", "language": "eng", "title": "Trial Nitrogen Levels and Winter Wheat Yields", "description": "This table (Trial Nitrogen Levels and Winter Wheat Yields) is part of a larger file dataset that contains processed data and information used in the meta-analysis \u201cYield development of German winter wheat between 1958 and 2015\u201d of the Project \u201cData-Meta Analysis to assess the productivity development of cultivated plants\u201d funded by the DFG. This table holds the primary information about nitrogen fertilization levels and winter wheat yields of each experiment used in this project and can be used together with the entire dataset, which comprises the following data:\n- Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields and nitrogen application amounts from nitrogen fertilization experiments of variable duration (1-6 years) carried out at 43 locations across Germany, between 1958 and 2015, and found in 34 different sources in the literature.\n- The derived maximum yields (Ymax) and optimal nitrogen amounts (Nopt) from the nitrogen experiments, function coefficients, and statistics.\n- Geographical information (latitude, longitude, altitude) and other site specific information of the experimental sites (soil type, soil yield potential, mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, mean annual climatic water balance, soil climate region, cultivation region).\n- Processed phenological and climatic data for each experimental site.", 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