{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-25", "title": "The impact of intercropping, tillage and fertilizer type on soil and crop yield in fruit orchards under Mediterranean conditions: A meta-analysis of field studies", "description": "Open AccessThis work was supported by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project Diverfarming [grant agreement 728003]. Ra\u00fal Zornoza acknowledges the \ufb01nancial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the \u201cRam\u00f3n y Cajal\u201d Program [RYC-2015-18758].", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola", "Intercropping", "Fertilizer", "Cover crops", "13. Climate action", "31 Ciencias Agrarias", "Orchard", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-19", "title": "A simple and alternative approach based on reference evapotranspiration and leaf area index for estimating tree transpiration in semi-arid regions", "description": "Abstract   The present work aims to develop a simple approach relating normalized daily sap flow (liters per unit of leaf area) and daily reference evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) (mm/day). Two methods (FAO-Penman-Monteith (FAO-PM) and Hargreaves-Samani (HARG)) of the calculation of ET 0  were tested in order to examine their impact on the established relationships. The data sets used for developing this approach are taken over well irrigated orchards from three experimental sites (olive trees, cv. \u201c Olea europaea L .\u201d, olive trees, cv. \u201c Arbequino \u201d and citrus trees cv. \u201c Clementine Afourar \u201d) conducted in the Tensift region around Marrakech (center of Morocco) and one experimental site (pecan orchard, cv. \u201c Carya illinoinensis, Wangenh. K. Koch\u201d ) conducted in the Yaqui Valley, northwest of Mexico).  The results showed that the normalized daily sap flow was linearly correlated with ET 0  (mm per day) calculated by FAO-PM method. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and the slope of this linear regression varied between 0.71 and 0.97 and between 0.30 and 0.35, respectively, depending on the type of orchards. For HARG method, the relationship between both terms is also linear but with more discrepancy (R 2 \u00a0=\u00a00.7). This was somehow expected since this method is known to underestimate ET 0  values in the semi-arid areas. Afterward, the validation of the developed linear relationship was performed over an olive orchard (\u201c Olea europaea L .\u201d) where the measurements of sap flow were available for another cropping season (2004). The scatter plot between the normalized measured and estimated sap flow based on FAO-PM method reveals a very good agreement (slope\u00a0=\u00a01, and RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.14\u00a0L/m 2  leaf area). However, for the estimation of normalized sap flow based on HARG method, the correlation is relatively more scattered (slope\u00a0=\u00a00.95, and RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.35\u00a0L/m 2  leaf area). A further validation was performed using the measurements of evapotranspiration (ET) by eddy correlation system and the results showed that the correlation between normalized measured ET and estimated normalized sap flow is best when using FAO-PM method (RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.33\u00a0L/m 2  leaf area) for estimating ET 0  than when using HARG method (RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.51\u00a0L/m 2  leaf area).  Finally, the performance of the developed approach was compared to the traditional dual crop coefficient scheme for estimating plant transpiration. Cross-comparison of these two approaches with the measurements data gave satisfactory results with an average value of RMSE equal to about 0.37\u00a0mm/day for both approaches.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Semi-arid", "Sap flow", "Leaf area index", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Reference evapotranspiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Tree orchards", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Transpiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.04.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106065", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-28", "title": "Expansion of olive orchards and their impact on the cultivation and landscape through a case study in the countryside of Cordoba (Spain)", "description": "Open Access\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a '\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627' \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2005 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2018. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 13 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 7997.8 \u0625\u0644\u0649 16447.6 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 (76.4 \u066a) \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c 120\u2013200 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629/\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c (42.7 \u066a) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 507 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0639\u0629 (343.9 \u0643\u0645 \u0648 714.0 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a (57 \u066a). \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.", "keywords": ["Period (music)", "Soil Degradation", "Vascular Flora of Mediterranean Europe and North Africa", "Soil Science", "Orchard", "Plant Science", "Mediterranean", "Horticulture", "Genetic and Environmental Factors in Grapevine Cultivation", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Pathology", "Ecosystem services", "Landscape elements", "Agroforestry", "Irrigation", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Geography", "Ecology", "Physics", "Common agricultural policy", "Olive groves", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "Forestry", "Acoustics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil Erosion and Agricultural Sustainability", "Olive trees", "Agronomy", "Sustainability", "Archaeology", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Shifting cultivation", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Vegetation (pathology)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106065"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Use%20Policy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106065", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106065", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106065"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-06-03", "title": "Beneficial Effects Of Reduced Tillage And Green Manure On Soil Aggregation And Stabilization Of Organic Carbon In A Mediterranean Agroecosystem", "description": "Abstract   Semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystems need the implementation of sustainable land management (SLM) practices in order to maintain acceptable levels of soil organic matter (SOM). The application of SLM practices helps to maintain soil structure and physical-chemical protection of soil organic carbon (SOC), hence improving soil carbon sequestration and mitigating CO 2  emissions to the atmosphere. In an organic, rain-fed almond ( Prunus dulcis  Mill., var. Ferragnes) orchard under reduced tillage (RT), as the habitual management practice during the 14 years immediately preceding the experiment, we studied the effect of two agricultural management practices on soil aggregate distribution and SOC stabilization after four years of implementation. The implemented practices were (1) reduced tillage with a mix of  Vicia sativa  L. and  Avena sativa  L. as green manure (RTG) and (2) no-tillage (NT). Four aggregate size classes were differentiated by wet sieving (large and small macroaggregates, microaggregates, and the silt plus clay fraction), and the microaggregates occluded within small macroaggregates (SMm) were isolated. In addition, three organic C fractions were separated within the small macroaggregates and microaggregates, using a density fractionation method: free light fraction (free LF-C), intra-aggregate particulate OM (iPOM-C), and organic C associated with the mineral fraction (mineral-C). The results show that the combination of reduced tillage plus green manure (RTG) was the most-efficient SLM practice for SOC sequestration. The total SOC increased by about 14% in the surface layer (0\u20135\u00a0cm depth) when compared to RT. Furthermore, green manure counteracted the effect of tillage on soil aggregate rupture. The plant residue inputs from green manure and their incorporation into the soil by reduced tillage promoted the formation of new aggregates and activated the subsequent physical-chemical protection of OC. The latter mechanism occurred mainly in the fine iPOM-C occluded within microaggregates and mineral-C occluded within small macroaggregates fractions, which together contributed to an increase of up to 30% in the OC concentration in the bulk soil. No-tillage favored the OC accumulation in the mineral-C within the small macroaggregates and in the fine iPOM-C occluded within microaggregates in the surface layer, and in the mineral-C occluded within the small macroaggregates and microaggregates at 5\u201315\u00a0cm depth, but four years of cessation of tillage were not enough to significantly increase the total OC in the bulk soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon sequestration | Rain-fed almond orchard | Semiarid agroecosystems | Soil aggregation | Soil organic carbon fractionation | Sustainable land management", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2015.05.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr18293", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:18:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-21", "title": "Orchard management and preferential flow in Andosols \u2013 comparing two kiwifruit orchards in New Zealand", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Sustainable horticulture depends on the integrity of soil functions, which directly depend on soil architecture affecting aggregation, root growth, as well as liquid and gas permeability. We hypothesised that changes in soil architecture resulting from feedback mechanisms between management, soil organic carbon contents (SOC), biota and vegetation can be captured with X-ray computed tomography (CT), and that these affect the soil filtering function, which thus, can be manipulated through orchard management. We compared the transport of copper, a widely used fungicide, through intact soil cores from vine rows of kiwifruit orchards under organic and integrated management. We first derived 3D-macropore characteristics from CT-images, followed by leaching a pulse of copper and a tracer through the same cores. The organic orchard soil had a significantly higher SOC content than the integrated orchard soil, and this was positively correlated with total porosity. Macropores (&amp;gt;92 \u00b5m) were larger with a higher connectivity, but significantly fewer in the organic than the integrated orchard soil. This resulted in a lower macroporosity and a better copper filtering capacity of the organic than the integrated orchard soil. Copper distribution was reasonably predicted when combining SOC contents, pH and macropore characteristics. Significant relationships between soil parameters and indicators of the strength of preferential flow verified that CT-derived macropore characteristics can be used to predict functional solute transport parameters. The relevance of our results and relationships observed between macropore characteristics, functional indicators of preferential flow and the fate of copper needs verification with samples representing more soils and sites.</p></article>", "keywords": ["X-ray computed tomography", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "carbon", "computed tomography", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "X-ray", "kiwifruit orchard", "soil architecture", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "filtering function", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.publish.csiro.au/SR/pdf/SR18293"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr18293"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr18293", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr18293", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr18293"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.25338/B8061X", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:31Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Multiple Benefits from Agricultural and Natural Land Covers in the Central Valley, CA", "description": "unspecifiedMethods for Rapid Evidence  Assessment and Benefit/Tradeoff analysis We performed a rapid review of  the literature from the last 10 years focusing on benefits from  agricultural and natural land covers in the Central Valley. We focused our  search on 10 priority agricultural land covers, selected according to  harvested acreage as reported by the California County Agricultural  Commissioners\u2019 2018 Crop Report [30], and 3 priority natural (i.e., not  for production purposes) land covers based on land area in the Central  Valley [98]. See Appendix II for a detailed overview of the search  strategy employed, the inclusion criteria, and the data collected from  each study in the review. The resulting library of research included  reports from peer-review studies as well as publicly available federal or  state surveys/censuses and expert source surveys. In  total, we reviewed 107 studies that included approximately 10 agricultural  land covers and 3 natural land covers, recording over 77 different metrics  for benefits and tradeoffs provisioned by those land covers.\u00a0From the 107  studies we obtained 512 unique observations across land covers and benefit  metrics.\u00a0 To  complement the metrics reported in the peer-reviewed literature, we  included metrics with quality data available in public repositories such  as federal and state censuses, technical reports, and databases. These  metrics were chosen because they provided information to supplement a  benefit category with few examples in recent published literature or  because they described metrics that are more suitable for survey formats  than for the experimental interventions in the studies reviewed above.  These additional datasets included: Crop  production value ($USD  ha<sup>-1</sup>)<sup>\u00a0</sup>   Pesticide use by land cover type (kg applied  ha<sup>-1</sup>)\u00a0 Consumptive water use  (m<sup>3</sup> ha<sup>-1</sup>)\u00a0  Employment (workers ha<sup>-1</sup>) and average  weekly wages earned ($USD worker<sup>-1</sup>  ha<sup>-1</sup>) in the agricultural sector\u00a0 Avian conservation  score The Avian Conservation Score was  developed through a survey of domain experts. In an iterative process, the  expert sources reached a consensus on scores for each landcover type  according to their relative value for nesting, foraging, or roosting  different avian taxa during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Avian  taxa considered were those for which the Central Valley Joint Venture has  established conservation objectives, including grassland, oak savannah,  and riparian landbirds, waterfowl, shorebirds, and other waterbirds  (Central Valley Joint Venture 2020). Each land cover type was given a  final score on a 0-1 scale representing its relative total value across  taxa and seasons.\u00a0 Although our search strategy  reflected <i>a priori </i>selection of focal benefit  categories and metrics, benefit categories were subsequently adjusted to  reflect the actual availability of information on each benefit category  and associated metrics. Of the metrics described in the gap analysis  above, we chose a subset of metrics with the best representation across  land cover types and recategorized them into a suite of benefit  categories: 1) Environmental health or quality, which included air  pollution and pesticide use metrics; 2) Economy, which included  agricultural (crop and forage) production value and livelihood value  metrics; 3) Climate, which included greenhouse gas emission and carbon  storage/sequestration metrics; 4) Water, which included water  quality/pollution and water use metrics, and 5) Wildlife, which included  the Avian Conservation Score. These categories were subsequently used to  calculate a Multiple Benefits Index across land covers (within metrics)  and within specific land covers (across metrics). The Multiple Benefits Index was  calculated by normalizing all of the above metrics to a similar scale to  enable comparison of multiple benefits and tradeoffs across land cover  types. To compare benefit metrics within each landcover, reported values  were converted to the same unit of measure and then transformed to a 0-1  scale by setting the highest reported value across all land covers to 1  and then calculating the remaining values according to the following  formula: where MBI represents the Multiple Benefits Index, or normalized value of X, and X<sub>i</sub> represents a single value in the vector of values for X. Metrics were then categorized <i>post hoc </i>as either \u201cbenefits\u201d or \u201ctradeoffs\u201d depending on their perceived value to the above sectors or interests. Benefits were those metrics that related to provisioning of a desirable service such as pollutant removal, while tradeoffs were metrics that related to provisioning of an undesirable service such as greenhouse gas emissions. Metrics considered tradeoffs were assigned a negative value by multiplying the Multiple Benefits Index by -1. The results of within-land cover benefit/tradeoff analyses were presented in the individual land cover profiles in Section III, while the results of cross-land cover benefit/tradeoff analysis are presented below. To compare land covers across all metrics, we calculated the mean Multiple Benefits Index score for all metrics within a land cover type and then ranked landcovers from highest to lowest mean score. See Appendix III for the rationale behind the selected metrics, along with unit conversions and assumptions made for each metric included in the benefit-tradeoff analysis. Finally, the benefit/tradeoff analysis was placed into the context of a changing environment through the development of a Climate Change Vulnerability Index, similarly to the climate change vulnerability index developed for birds in the Central Valley.\u00a0As with the avian conservation score, we developed a survey for a panel of expert sources. The expert panel scored landcovers according to their estimated vulnerability to climate change based on a combination of sensitivity (intrinsic, physiological factors that contribute to climate change vulnerability) and exposure (extrinsic, environmental factors that contribute to climate change vulnerability) factors. Sensitivity scores and exposure scores were summed separately within each land cover and then multiplied together to derive the overall vulnerability index (sum of sensitivity*sum of exposure).\u00a0 Because it does not represent a specific benefit or tradeoff, but rather a property of individual land covers, the CCVI was not included in the benefit/tradeoff analysis. Instead, it was used as a standalone metric to contextualize benefits and tradeoffs expected from land covers under climate change and the resulting uncertainty surrounding management scenarios. Methods for spatial hotspot/coldspot analysis of ecosystem benefits/tradeoffs <b>Ecosystem Service Metrics and Source Data</b> Land cover data were obtained from the USDA NASS Cropscape Data Layer (CDL2019), and recategorized according to the specifications of this project (Table 1). Riparian zones were determined as a 25 meter buffer around National Hydrological Dataset (NHD) flowlines for natural rivers and bodies of water, limited to non-developed and non-agricultural land cover categories. Air and Water Quality metric obtained from the California Healthy Places Index (HPI) geospatial dataset, Pollution and H<sub>2</sub>O Contamination indices respectively. Habitat quality metric obtained from Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) Areas of Conservation Emphasis (ACE) dataset. Soil organic carbon content and percent clay particles were aggregated from the NRCS SSURGO soil data viewer. Parameter values were aggregated from individual soil horizon by volume up to soil map unit component, and aggregated from map unit component by percent total extent to map units. Theoretical maximum carbon storage was calculated based on percent clay as per Hoyle et al (2011) by the following equation:<br> <b><i>SOC%=0.5482\u00d7 </i></b><b>ln</b><b><i>(clay%)</i></b><b><i>+1.3073</i></b> Soil potential carbon accumulation was calculated by subtracting existing soil carbon stock (SSURGO) from the theoretical maximum calculated as above, and applying a weighting factor based on land cover expected biomass productivity and soil disturbance frequency (Table 1). Rangeland and forest biomass productivity metrics were obtained from SSURGO soil data viewer by map unit component, and aggregated to map unit by percent total extent. Perennial crop biomass productivity data, previously used in orchard life cycle assessment modeling (Marvinney et al 2015, Kendall et al 2015) was obtained from a cooperating agri-services firm operating out of the San Joaquin Valley region, for 14 different tree crops. These data were joined to the CDL2019 perennial crops with average value assigned to any tree crop for which no biomass data was available. Groundwater recharge potential data was obtained from the UC Davis SAGBI dataset. Groundwater depth data was obtained from the Department of Water Resources (DWR) open test well data as the average of measurements from 2015-201 Crop productivity data (5-year mean yield in tons per acre) was obtained from the County Crop Commission (CCC) reports via USDA NASS, and joined to CDL2019 land cover units as well as recategorized land cover units as the mean yield value of any constituent crop types. The CDL 2019 original unit-based productivity analysis is thus the more accurate representation, as less aggregation of yield values was required.<br> \u00a0 <b>Transformation and Aggregation of Ecosystem Service Metrics</b> Linear transformation was used to convert the range of values in each metric dataset to a scale of 0-1, with 0 being \u2018worst\u2019 and 1 \u2018best\u2019 in terms of ecosystem services provided. Combined metrics were generated by averaging the transformed values in the relevant metrics, and applying a linear transformation to re-scale the values to 0-1. Metrics were aggregated to a 5km hex grid covering the Central Valley by area-weighted averaging. Ecosystem service \u2018hot\u2019 and \u2018cold\u2019 spots were generated by extracting hexes with values below 0.2 and above 0.8 for the combination of all examined metrics.<br> <br> \u00a0 Hoyle F.C., Baldock J.A., Murphy D.V. (2011) Soil Organic Carbon \u2013 Role in Rainfed Farming Systems. In: Tow P., Cooper I., Partridge I., Birch C. (eds) Rainfed Farming Systems. Springer, Dordrecht<br> <br> Marvinney EM, Kendall AM, Brodt SB (2015) Life Cycle\u2013based Assessment of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Almond Production, Part II: Scenario and Sensitivity Analysis. J Ind Ecol 19(6)<br> <br> Kendall AM, Marvinney EM, Zhu W, Brodt SB (2015) Life Cycle\u2013based Assessment of Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Almond Production, Part I: Analytical Framework and Baseline Results. J Ind Ecol (19) 6<br>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic carbon stocks", "groundwater depletion", "environmental quality", "1. No poverty", "annual grasslands", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "soil organic carbon", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "14. Life underwater", "Orchards", "riparian areas"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Peterson, Caitlin, Marvinney, Elias, Dybala, Kristen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.25338/B8061X"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.25338/B8061X", "name": "item", "description": "10.25338/B8061X", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.25338/B8061X"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agriculture12030432", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-20", "title": "Comparison of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Evolution in Two Olive Orchards with Different Planting Systems in Southern Spain", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>This study presents an evaluation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and stock (SOCstock) for the whole rooting depth (60 cm), spaced 55 months in two adjacent olive orchards with similar conditions but different tree densities: (i) intensive, planted in 1996 at 310 tree ha\u22121; (ii) superintensive, planted in 2000 at 1850 tree ha\u22121. This was carried out to test the hypothesis that olive orchards at different plant densities will have different rates of accumulation of SOC in the whole soil rooting depth. SOC increased significantly in the superintensive orchard during the 55-month period, from 1.1 to 1.6% in the lane area, and from 1.2 to 1.7% in the tree area (average 0\u201360 cm), with a significant increase in SOCstock from 4.7 to 6.1 kg m\u22122. In the intensive orchard, there was not a significant increase in SOCstock in 0\u201360 cm, average of 4.06 and 4.16 kg m\u22122 in 2013 and 2018, respectively. Results indicate a potential for a significant increase in SOC and SOCstock in olive orchards at higher tree densities when combined with temporary cover crops and mulch of chopped pruning residues. The increase is associated with an increase in SOC, mainly at a 0\u201315 cm depth. Results also point to the need for improve our monitoring capabilities to detect moderate increases in SOC.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "bulk density", "intensive orchard", "deficit irrigation", "Agriculture (General)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "tree density; intensive orchard; superintensive orchard; deficit irrigation; bulk density", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "tree density", "15. Life on land", "superintensive orchard", "S1-972"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/3/432/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/3/432/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12030432"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agriculture12030432", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agriculture12030432", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agriculture12030432"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11040812", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-20", "title": "Soil Productivity Degradation in a Long-Term Eroded Olive Orchard under Semiarid Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "<p>Olive groves are one of the most important agro-systems in the Mediterranean basin, and the Andalusia region produces the highest quantity of olive oil in Europe. The aim of this work was to evaluate the long-term (15 years) influence of two management practices in olive orchards\uffe2\uff80\uff94conventional tillage (CT) and no tillage with bare soil and herbicide application (NT + H)\uffe2\uff80\uff94on soil physical properties, infiltration capacity, erosion rates, and soil productivity. In addition, the short-term (2 years) influence of no tillage with cover crop management (NT-CC) on these parameters was also assessed. In the study area, CT and NT + H management practices showed unsustainable erosion values, 9.82 and 13.88 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 year\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively, while NT-CC inclusion decreased the erosion rates (2.06 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 year\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The implementation of NT-CC not only reduced erosion rates but also caused a change in the trend of soil productivity loss observed under CT and NT + H. In this sense, NT-CC showed a positive influence on soil quality. However, tillage removal led to a significant reduction in the infiltration capacity of soils under NT + H and NT-CC, which will be a serious handicap for water storage in an environment with continuous processes of water deficit.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil erosion", "S", "Cover crops", "olive orchards", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Olive orchards", "6. Clean water", "Soil productivity", "13. Climate action", "Soil erosion", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Degraded soil", "degraded soil", "cover crops", "soil productivity"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/812/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/4/812/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11040812"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11040812", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11040812", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11040812"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/horticulturae8070618", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-08", "title": "Crop Diversification Effects on Soil Aggregation and Aggregate-Associated Carbon and Nitrogen in Short-Term Rainfed Olive Groves under SemiaridMediterranean Conditions", "description": "<p>Soil particle aggregation and their associated carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content can provide valuable diagnostic indicators of changes in soil properties in response to the implementation of different agricultural management practices. In this sense, there is limited knowledge regarding the impact of intercropping on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) pools in aggregates. This study aimed to evaluate the short-term effect (4 years) of three crop diversifications in rainfed olive orchards on soil aggregation, SOC and TN concentration and SOC stocks (SOC-S) under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions. Olive orchards were diversified with Crocus sativus (D-S), Vicia sativa and Avena sativa in rotation (D-O) and Lavandula x intermedia (D-L) and compared with monocropping system (CT). Soil samples were collected at two depths (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm) and analysed for soil aggregate mass, SOC and TN content in aggregate-size fractions obtained by the wet-sieving method. Changes caused by crop diversifications on SOC-S were also determined. Overall, after 4 years, a reduction in aggregation values was observed. However, D-S increased the macroaggregates (&gt;250 \uffce\uffbcm) percentage, Mean Weigh Diameter values, and Geometric Mean Value in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm. Across treatments, aggregate-associated C in 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm was higher in the D-S treatment, while in the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm soil layer, the greatest values were found in CT. Regarding the SOC-S, after 4 years, significant losses were recorded under CT management in 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff921.21 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff920.84 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), while D-O and D-L showed similar values to those obtained at the beginning of the study. The highest increases in SOC-S were found in D-S, with an increase of 5.88% in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 cm and 14.47% in the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm. Our results showed the high potential of the diversified cropping system to increase soil stability and SOC sequestration.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "aggregate-associated organic carbon", "Intercropping", "olive orchards", "Plant culture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Aggregate-associated organic carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "intercropping", "Olive orchards", "olive orchards; intercropping; aggregate-associated organic carbon", "SB1-1110"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/7/618/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/7/618/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070618"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Horticulturae", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/horticulturae8070618", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/horticulturae8070618", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/horticulturae8070618"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-07-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs15051448", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-03-06", "title": "How Sensitive Is Thermal Image-Based Orchard Water Status Estimation to Canopy Extraction Quality?", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Accurate canopy extraction and temperature calculations are crucial to minimizing inaccuracies in thermal image-based estimation of orchard water status. Currently, no quantitative comparison of canopy extraction methods exists in the context of precision irrigation. The accuracies of four canopy extraction methods were compared, and the effect on water status estimation was explored for these methods: 2-pixel erosion (2PE) where non-canopy pixels were removed by thresholding and morphological erosion; edge detection (ED) where edges were identified and morphologically dilated; vegetation segmentation (VS) using temperature histogram analysis and spatial watershed segmentation; and RGB binary masking (RGB-BM) where a binary canopy layer was statistically extracted from an RGB image for thermal image masking. The field experiments occurred in a four-hectare commercial peach orchard during the primary fruit growth stage (III). The relationship between stem water potential (SWP) and crop water stress index (CWSI) was established in 2018. During 2019, a large dataset of ten thermal infrared and two RGB images was acquired. The canopy extraction methods had different accuracies: on 12 August, the overall accuracy was 83% for the 2PE method, 77% for the ED method, 84% for the VS method, and 90% for the RGB-BM method. Despite the high accuracy of the RGB-BM method, canopy edges and between-row weeds were misidentified as canopy. Canopy temperature and CWSI were calculated using the average of 100% of canopy pixels (CWSI_T100%) and the average of the coolest 33% of canopy pixels (CWSI_T33%). The CWSI_T33% dataset produced similar SWP\u2013CWSI models irrespective of the canopy extraction method used, while the CWSI_T100% yielded different and inferior models. The results highlighted the following: (1) The contribution of the RGB images is not significant for canopy extraction. Canopy pixels can be extracted with high accuracy and reliability solely with thermal images. (2) The T33% approach to canopy temperature calculation is more robust and superior to the simple mean of all canopy pixels. These noteworthy findings are a step forward in implementing thermal imagery in precision irrigation management.</p></article>", "keywords": ["stem water potential", "Science", "Q", "peach orchard", "15. Life on land", "crop water status index", "6. Clean water", "canopy temperature", "accuracy assessment"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1448/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051448"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs15051448", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs15051448", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs15051448"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3897/arphapreprints.e155078", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:22:15Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2025-04-08", "title": "Species inventory and morphological traits of spiders (Arachnida, Araneae) and ants (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in northern Ghana", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Agricultural expansion, a leading driver of biodiversity loss, has widespread effects on ecosystem services, particularly in tropical regions. In West Africa, the impact of intensified agriculture on local biodiversity \u2013 especially predator and decomposer species like spiders and ants \u2013 is understudied. This study in northern Ghana examines the species diversity and functional traits of spiders and ants in human-transformed mango orchards and pristine savanna, aiming to compare the biodiversity of intensively managed agroecosystems and the extensively managed natural habitats. Insights will aid in estimating the effort needed to promote diversity through agroecological practices in mango orchards.</p>         <p>In this data paper, we publish the baseline checklist and morphological traits of spiders (Araneae) and ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) associated with mango orchards and forest savannas located in northern Ghana. In total, we collected 64 species (including 29 unidentified morphospecies) of spiders and 64 species (including 24 unidentified morphospecies) of ants. Of these, almost all spider species and nine ant species were new records for Ghana, while many of the morphospecies could potentially be undescribed new species to science. In addition, we collected six morphological traits for spiders: total body length, prosoma length, prosoma width, prosoma height, tibia I (leg) length, and fang length; and four traits for ants: total body length, head length, scape length, and eye distance.</p></article>", "keywords": ["morpholometrics", "standardized sampling", "West Africa", "checklist", "agriculture", "biodiversity", "mango orchard", "West Sudanian savanna"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3897/arphapreprints.e155078"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3897/arphapreprints.e155078", "name": "item", "description": "10.3897/arphapreprints.e155078", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3897/arphapreprints.e155078"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-04-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/271651", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:25:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-28", "title": "Expansion of olive orchards and their impact on the cultivation and landscape through a case study in the countryside of Cordoba (Spain)", "description": "Open Access\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a '\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627' \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2005 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2018. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 13 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 7997.8 \u0625\u0644\u0649 16447.6 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 (76.4 \u066a) \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c 120\u2013200 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629/\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c (42.7 \u066a) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 507 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0639\u0629 (343.9 \u0643\u0645 \u0648 714.0 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a (57 \u066a). \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.", "keywords": ["Period (music)", "Soil Degradation", "Vascular Flora of Mediterranean Europe and North Africa", "Soil Science", "Orchard", "Plant Science", "Mediterranean", "Horticulture", "Genetic and Environmental Factors in Grapevine Cultivation", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Pathology", "Ecosystem services", "Landscape elements", "Agroforestry", "Irrigation", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Geography", "Ecology", "Physics", "Common agricultural policy", "Olive groves", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "Forestry", "Acoustics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil Erosion and Agricultural Sustainability", "Olive trees", "Agronomy", "Sustainability", "Archaeology", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Shifting cultivation", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Vegetation (pathology)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10261/271651"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Use%20Policy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/271651", "name": "item", "description": "10261/271651", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/271651"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.16017208", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:20Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Cashew orchard soil properties, Dodamarg, Northern Western Ghats, India", "description": "Soil properties of cashew orchards of the Northern Western Ghats, India  This project contains chemical properties of soil collected from cashew orchards of Dodamarg, Northern Western Ghats, for a study investigating the factors influencing the effects of forest cover, flower abundance, temperature and (potentially) soil composition on cashew pollinators.  Taxonomic Coverage:\u00a0Not applicable  Geographic Coverage: Dodamarg, Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, India  Temporal Coverage: March 2025  \u00a0  Description of field and lab methods  Soil collection: Soil samples were collected from 30 cashew orchards, using soil core sampler. The diameter of the core sampler was measured before soil collection. All soil samples were collected from 10 cm depth after removing all the leaf litter from the ground. From each orchard, 10 soil columns were collected for analysis of chemical properties.  Chemical Properties: We estimated thirteen soil chemical properties for all soil samples collected. The following parameters were analyzed by Zuari Farmhubs Laboratory: pH, electrical conductivity (E.C.) at 25\u00b0C, organic carbon (O.C.), available phosphorus (P\u2082O\u2085), available potassium (K\u2082O), available calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), boron (B), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn).  More details about the data can be obtained from Aditya Satish (adityasatish@ncf-india.org) and Rohit Naniwadekar (rohit@ncf-india.org) from the Nature Conservation Foundation (www.ncf-india.org).  File Descriptions:  Data file: Dodamarg_2025_Cashew_Soil_Properties.csv  We have also included a ReadMe.txt file that explains the data file, akin to the description in the metadata.  Description of the columns of the data file:    Sl no: Serial number  Site: Site ID  Code: Site code (General location)  Latitude: latitude co-ordinate of the plot (in decimal degrees, \u00b0N)  Longitude: longitude co-ordinate of the plot (in decimal degrees, \u00b0E)  pH: pH of the soil  E.C.: Electrical Conductivity at 25\u00b0C (in dS/m)  O.C.: Organic Carbon (in %)  P\u2082O\u2085: Available P\u2082O\u2085 (in Kg /acre)  K\u2082O: Available Potassium (in Kg /acre)  Ca: Available Calcium (in mg/Kg)  Mg: Available Magnesium (in mg/Kg)  S: Available Sulphur (in mg/Kg)  B: Available Boron (in mg/Kg)  Zn: Available Zinc (in mg/Kg)  Fe: Available Iron (in mg/Kg)  Cu: Available Copper (in mg/Kg)  Mn: Available Manganese (in mg/Kg)   Funding:\u00a0  Godrej Consumer Products Limited  Arvind Datar  Rohini Nilekani Philanthropies", "keywords": ["Soil chemical properties", "Cashew orchards", "Ecology", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Northern Western Ghats"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sadekar, Vishal, Satish, Aditya, Naniwadekar, Rohit,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16017208"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.16017208", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.16017208", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.16017208"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-07-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.3555120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:24:31Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil properties and crop yield in fruit orchards under Mediterranean conditions in terms of intercropping, tillage and fertilizer type", "description": "This data set contains a data-mining performed to assess the impact of intercropping, tillage and fertilizer type on soil and crop yield in fruit orchards under Mediterranean conditions by a further meta-analysis of the data. These data correspond to the open-access article 'The impact of intercropping, tillage and fertilizer type on soil and crop yield in fruit orchards under Mediterranean conditions: A meta-analysis of field studies' published in Agricultural Systems. (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736), funded by he European Commission Horizon 2020 project Diverfarming [grant agreement 728003]. Ra\ufffd\ufffdl Zornoza acknowledges the financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdRam\ufffd\ufffdn y Cajal\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd Program [RYC-2015-18758]..", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "alley cropping", "Soil nitrogen", "Soil phosphorus", "Soil organic carbon", "temperature", "Olive", "15. Life on land", "Mediterranean", "crop yield", "precipitation", "fertilizer", "almond", "citrus", "orchard", "vineyards", "crop diversification", "tillage", "cover crops", "intercropping"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Morugan-Coronado, Alicia, Linares, Carlos, Zornoza, Ra\ufffd\ufffdl,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3555120"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.3555120", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.3555120", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.3555120"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.60692/00fqh-scr74", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:25:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-28", "title": "Expansion of olive orchards and their impact on the cultivation and landscape through a case study in the countryside of Cordoba (Spain)", "description": "Open Access\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648 \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629). \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0628\u0648\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a '\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627' \u0642\u0631\u0637\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0625\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 2005 \u0625\u0644\u0649 2018. \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 13 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646 7997.8 \u0625\u0644\u0649 16447.6 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062b\u064a\u0641\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0629 (76.4 \u066a) \u0648\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0629\u060c 120\u2013200 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629/\u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631\u060c (42.7 \u066a) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062b\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636\u064a). \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u062a\u0645 \u062c\u0631\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 507 \u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0639\u0629 (343.9 \u0643\u0645 \u0648 714.0 \u0647\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0632\u0623\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a. \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0644\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u060c \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0627\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0637/\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629) \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a (57 \u066a). \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a.", "keywords": ["Period (music)", "Soil Degradation", "Vascular Flora of Mediterranean Europe and North Africa", "Soil Science", "Orchard", "Plant Science", "Mediterranean", "Horticulture", "Genetic and Environmental Factors in Grapevine Cultivation", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Pathology", "Ecosystem services", "Landscape elements", "Agroforestry", "Irrigation", "Biology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Geography", "Ecology", "Physics", "Common agricultural policy", "Olive groves", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "Forestry", "Acoustics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil Erosion and Agricultural Sustainability", "Olive trees", "Agronomy", "Sustainability", "Archaeology", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Shifting cultivation", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Vegetation (pathology)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.60692/00fqh-scr74"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Land%20Use%20Policy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.60692/00fqh-scr74", "name": "item", "description": "10.60692/00fqh-scr74", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.60692/00fqh-scr74"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/266138", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:25:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-20", "title": "Comparison of Soil Organic Carbon Stocks Evolution in Two Olive Orchards with Different Planting Systems in Southern Spain", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>This study presents an evaluation of soil organic carbon (SOC) and stock (SOCstock) for the whole rooting depth (60 cm), spaced 55 months in two adjacent olive orchards with similar conditions but different tree densities: (i) intensive, planted in 1996 at 310 tree ha\u22121; (ii) superintensive, planted in 2000 at 1850 tree ha\u22121. This was carried out to test the hypothesis that olive orchards at different plant densities will have different rates of accumulation of SOC in the whole soil rooting depth. SOC increased significantly in the superintensive orchard during the 55-month period, from 1.1 to 1.6% in the lane area, and from 1.2 to 1.7% in the tree area (average 0\u201360 cm), with a significant increase in SOCstock from 4.7 to 6.1 kg m\u22122. In the intensive orchard, there was not a significant increase in SOCstock in 0\u201360 cm, average of 4.06 and 4.16 kg m\u22122 in 2013 and 2018, respectively. Results indicate a potential for a significant increase in SOC and SOCstock in olive orchards at higher tree densities when combined with temporary cover crops and mulch of chopped pruning residues. The increase is associated with an increase in SOC, mainly at a 0\u201315 cm depth. Results also point to the need for improve our monitoring capabilities to detect moderate increases in SOC.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "bulk density", "intensive orchard", "deficit irrigation", "Agriculture (General)", "tree density; intensive orchard; superintensive orchard; deficit irrigation; bulk density", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "superintensive orchard", "Bulk density", "S1-972", "Tree density", "Superintensive orchard", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "tree density", "Deficit irrigation", "Intensive orchard"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/3/432/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/12/3/432/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10261/266138"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/266138", "name": "item", "description": "10261/266138", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/266138"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10568/131386", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:26:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-15", "title": "Bioinoculants and organic soil amendments affect nematode diversity in apple orchards", "description": "Open AccessNematodes with their versatile lifestyles provide a suitable lens to decipher the conditions of agroecosystems, but less is known about how they are affected by bioinoculants and organic soil amendments. To test if treatments modify the nematode community, we studied nematode communities in two different apple orchards under organic and integrated farming. Soil was treated with products containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, bioeffectors, and organic amendments. The comparison between baseline and control samples indicated an overall higher nematode richness in organic than the integrated orchard. Sampling time more than treatment had a significant effect, and higher community richness was observed during spring as compared to autumn. The variation in nematode community composition was mainly explained by sampling time followed by treatment, and orchard type. Although all treatments reduced nematode richness, their effect generally varied across treatments. In both orchards, season-dependent effects of treatment on nematode families and trophic guilds were observed, with a higher percentage of bacterivorous and lower percentage of herbivorous nematodes during spring. The effect was driven by a few families, i.e. Rhabditidae and Tylenchidae. Our study provides insights about the effect of soil treatment on nematodes with implications for the development and modification of bioinoculants.", "keywords": ["330", "Organic farming", "Agroecosystem", "organic soils", "Orchard", "Plant Science", "630", "Trophic level", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Bacterivore", "Soil biology", "Soil food web", "Mycorrhizal Fungi and Plant Interactions", "Soil water", "soils", "Plant Interactions", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "biodiversity", "Nematode", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "arbuscular mycorrhiza", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Molecular Plant Pathology", "FOS: Biological sciences", "nematodes", "Impact of Pollinator Decline on Ecosystems and Agriculture", "Species richness"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/495621/1/1-s2.0-S0929139323002020-main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10568/131386"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10568/131386", "name": "item", "description": "10568/131386", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10568/131386"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2607138069", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-20", "title": "A simple and alternative approach based on reference evapotranspiration and leaf area index for estimating tree transpiration in semi-arid regions", "description": "Abstract   The present work aims to develop a simple approach relating normalized daily sap flow (liters per unit of leaf area) and daily reference evapotranspiration (ET 0 ) (mm/day). Two methods (FAO-Penman-Monteith (FAO-PM) and Hargreaves-Samani (HARG)) of the calculation of ET 0  were tested in order to examine their impact on the established relationships. The data sets used for developing this approach are taken over well irrigated orchards from three experimental sites (olive trees, cv. \u201c Olea europaea L .\u201d, olive trees, cv. \u201c Arbequino \u201d and citrus trees cv. \u201c Clementine Afourar \u201d) conducted in the Tensift region around Marrakech (center of Morocco) and one experimental site (pecan orchard, cv. \u201c Carya illinoinensis, Wangenh. K. Koch\u201d ) conducted in the Yaqui Valley, northwest of Mexico).  The results showed that the normalized daily sap flow was linearly correlated with ET 0  (mm per day) calculated by FAO-PM method. The coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and the slope of this linear regression varied between 0.71 and 0.97 and between 0.30 and 0.35, respectively, depending on the type of orchards. For HARG method, the relationship between both terms is also linear but with more discrepancy (R 2 \u00a0=\u00a00.7). This was somehow expected since this method is known to underestimate ET 0  values in the semi-arid areas. Afterward, the validation of the developed linear relationship was performed over an olive orchard (\u201c Olea europaea L .\u201d) where the measurements of sap flow were available for another cropping season (2004). The scatter plot between the normalized measured and estimated sap flow based on FAO-PM method reveals a very good agreement (slope\u00a0=\u00a01, and RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.14\u00a0L/m 2  leaf area). However, for the estimation of normalized sap flow based on HARG method, the correlation is relatively more scattered (slope\u00a0=\u00a00.95, and RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.35\u00a0L/m 2  leaf area). A further validation was performed using the measurements of evapotranspiration (ET) by eddy correlation system and the results showed that the correlation between normalized measured ET and estimated normalized sap flow is best when using FAO-PM method (RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.33\u00a0L/m 2  leaf area) for estimating ET 0  than when using HARG method (RMSE\u00a0=\u00a00.51\u00a0L/m 2  leaf area).  Finally, the performance of the developed approach was compared to the traditional dual crop coefficient scheme for estimating plant transpiration. Cross-comparison of these two approaches with the measurements data gave satisfactory results with an average value of RMSE equal to about 0.37\u00a0mm/day for both approaches.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Semi-arid", "Sap flow", "Leaf area index", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Reference evapotranspiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Tree orchards", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Transpiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2607138069"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2607138069", "name": "item", "description": "2607138069", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2607138069"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2916609369", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-22", "title": "Orchard management and preferential flow in Andosols \u2013 comparing two kiwifruit orchards in New Zealand", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Sustainable horticulture depends on the integrity of soil functions, which directly depend on soil architecture affecting aggregation, root growth, as well as liquid and gas permeability. We hypothesised that changes in soil architecture resulting from feedback mechanisms between management, soil organic carbon contents (SOC), biota and vegetation can be captured with X-ray computed tomography (CT), and that these affect the soil filtering function, which thus, can be manipulated through orchard management. We compared the transport of copper, a widely used fungicide, through intact soil cores from vine rows of kiwifruit orchards under organic and integrated management. We first derived 3D-macropore characteristics from CT-images, followed by leaching a pulse of copper and a tracer through the same cores. The organic orchard soil had a significantly higher SOC content than the integrated orchard soil, and this was positively correlated with total porosity. Macropores (&amp;gt;92\u00b5m) were larger with a higher connectivity, but significantly fewer in the organic than the integrated orchard soil. This resulted in a lower macroporosity and a better copper filtering capacity of the organic than the integrated orchard soil. Copper distribution was reasonably predicted when combining SOC contents, pH and macropore characteristics. Significant relationships between soil parameters and indicators of the strength of preferential flow verified that CT-derived macropore characteristics can be used to predict functional solute transport parameters. The relevance of our results and relationships observed between macropore characteristics, functional indicators of preferential flow and the fate of copper needs verification with samples representing more soils and sites.</p></article>", "keywords": ["X-ray computed tomography", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "carbon", "computed tomography", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "X-ray", "kiwifruit orchard", "soil architecture", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "filtering function", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.publish.csiro.au/SR/pdf/SR18293"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2916609369"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2916609369", "name": "item", "description": "2916609369", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2916609369"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Orchard&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Orchard&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Orchard&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Orchard&offset=19", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 19, "numberReturned": 19, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-15T07:20:36.619818Z"}