Recent studies found that the largest uncertainties in the response of the terrestrial carbon cycle to climate change might come from changes in soil moisture under the elevation of temperature. Warming\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced change in soil moisture and its level of influence on terrestrial ecosystems are mostly determined by climate, soil, and vegetation type and their sensitivity to temperature and moisture. Here, we present the results from a warming experiment of an alpine ecosystem conducted in the permafrost region of the Qinghai\uffe2\uff80\uff93Tibet Plateau using infrared heaters. Our results show that 3\uffc2\uffa0years of warming treatments significantly elevated soil temperature at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm depth, decreased soil moisture at 10\uffc2\uffa0cm depth, and increased soil moisture at 40\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm depth. In contrast to the findings of previous research, experimental warming did not significantly affect NH4+\uffe2\uff80\uff90N, NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffe2\uff80\uff90N, and heterotrophic respiration, but stimulated the growth of plants and significantly increased root biomass at 30\uffe2\uff80\uff9350\uffc2\uffa0cm depth. This led to increased soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and liable carbon at 30\uffe2\uff80\uff9350\uffc2\uffa0cm depth, and increased autotrophic respiration of plants. Analysis shows that experimental warming influenced deeper root production via redistributed soil moisture, which favors the accumulation of belowground carbon, but did not significantly affected the decomposition of soil organic carbon. Our findings suggest that future climate change studies need to take greater consideration of changes in the hydrological cycle and the local ecosystem characteristics. The results of our study will aid in understanding the response of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change and provide the regional case for global ecosystem models.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Original Research", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1685"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.1685", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.1685", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.1685"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-11", "title": "Grazing Exclusion Reduced Soil Respiration But Increased Its Temperature Sensitivity In A Meadow Grassland On The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "AbstractUnderstanding anthropogenic influences on soil respiration (Rs) is critical for accurate predictions of soil carbon fluxes, but it is not known how Rs responds to grazing exclusion (GE). Here, we conducted a manipulative experiment in a meadow grassland on the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the effects of GE on Rs. The exclusion of livestock significantly increased soil moisture and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass, but it decreased soil temperature, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and Rs. Regression analysis indicated that the effects of GE on Rs were mainly due to changes in soil temperature, soil moisture, and MBC. Compared with the grazed blocks, GE significantly decreased soil carbon release by 23.6% over the growing season and 21.4% annually, but it increased the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Rs by 6.5% and 14.2% for the growing season and annually respectively. Therefore, GE may reduce the release of soil carbon from the Tibetan Plateau, but under future climate warming scenarios, the increases in Q10 induced by GE could lead to increased carbon emissions.
", "keywords": ["570", "MICROBIAL RESPIRATION", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "Plant Productivity", "Temperature Sensitivity", "ALPINE GRASSLAND", "630", "Microbial Biomass Carbon", "NORTHERN CHINA", "SEASONAL PATTERNS", "MOUNTAIN GRASSLANDS", "Grazing Exclusion", "Tibetan Plateau", "PLANT-COMMUNITIES", "Original Research", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "CO2 EFFLUX", "Ecology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "INNER-MONGOLIA", "BELOW-GROUND BIOMASS", "Soil Respiration", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1867"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.1867"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.1879", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-22", "title": "Effects Of Fertilization On Microbial Abundance And Emissions Of Greenhouse Gases (Ch4 And N2o) In Rice Paddy Fields", "description": "AbstractThis study is to explore effects of nitrogen application and straw incorporation on abundance of relevant microbes and CH4 and N2O fluxes in a midseason aerated rice paddy field. Fluxes of CH4 and N2O were recorded, and abundance of relevant soil microbial functional genes was determined during rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing season in a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90long fertilization experiment field in China. Results indicate that application of urea significantly changed the functional microbial composition, while the influence of straw incorporation was not significant. Application of urea significantly decreased the gene abundances of archaeal amoA and mcrA, but it significantly increased the gene abundances of bacterial amoA. CH4 emission was significantly increased by fresh straw incorporation. Incorporation of burnt straw tended to increase CH4 emission, while the urea application had no obvious effect on CH4 emission. N2O emission was significantly increased by urea application, while fresh or burnt straw incorporation tended to decrease N2O emission. The functional microbial composition did not change significantly over time, although the abundances of pmoA, archaeal amoA, nirS, and nosZ genes changed significantly. The change of CH4 emission showed an inverse trend with the one of the N2O emissions over time. To some extent, the abundance of some functional genes in this study can explain CH4 and N2O emissions. However, the correlation between CH4 and N2O emissions and the abundance of related functional genes was not significant. Environmental factors, such as soil Eh, may be more related to CH4 and N2O emissions.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "Original Research"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1879"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.1879", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.1879", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.1879"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.6803", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-09-22", "title": "Background insect herbivory increases with local elevation but makes minor contribution to element cycling along natural gradients in the Subarctic", "description": "AbstractHerbivores can exert major controls over biogeochemical cycling. As invertebrates are highly sensitive to temperature shifts (ectothermal), the abundances of insects in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude systems, where climate warming is rapid, is expected to increase. In subarctic mountain birch forests, research has focussed on geometrid moth outbreaks, while the contribution of background insect herbivory (BIH) to elemental cycling is poorly constrained. In northern Sweden, we estimated BIH along 9 elevational gradients distributed across a gradient in regional elevation, temperature, and precipitation to allow evaluation of consistency in local versus regional variation. We converted foliar loss via BIH to fluxes of C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from the birch canopy to the soil to compare with other relevant soil inputs of the same elements and assessed different abiotic and biotic drivers of the observed variability. We found that leaf area loss due to BIH was ~1.6% on average. This is comparable to estimates from tundra, but considerably lower than ecosystems at lower latitudes. The C, N, and P fluxes from canopy to soil associated with BIH were 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 orders of magnitude lower than the soil input from senesced litter and external nutrient sources such as biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition of N, and P weathering estimated from the literature. Despite the minor contribution to overall elemental cycling in subarctic birch forests, the higher quality and earlier timing of the input of herbivore deposits to soils compared to senesced litter may make this contribution disproportionally important for various ecosystem functions. BIH increased significantly with leaf N content as well as local elevation along each transect, yet showed no significant relationship with temperature or humidity, nor the commonly used temperature proxy, absolute elevation. The lack of consistency between the local and regional elevational trends calls for caution when using elevation gradients as climate proxies.Previous reports from laboratory\uffe2\uff80\uff90controlled experiments and models considered that a shorter reproductive period could be the main reason for wheat yield reduction in the warmer world. However, this conclusion needs to be proved carefully by field\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale experiments. In this study, a field\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale continuous open\uffe2\uff80\uff90warming experiment was conducted to quantify the adjustment of winter wheat growth and yield under conventional tillage (CT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) systems in the North China Plain (NCP). Canopy temperatures were warmed using infrared heaters between 1.0 and 1.6\uffc2\uffb0C (daytime and nighttime, respectively) above the control. Wheat yields under CT were not significantly reduced over the two seasons (2010 and 2011), but yields under NT were 3.3% and 6.1% lower, respectively. The growing seasons for both CT and NT were shortened 6\uffc2\uffa0days in 2010 and 11\uffc2\uffa0days in 2011; however, the reproductive periods were maintained. The shortened days were due to a significantly shorter springtime re\uffe2\uff80\uff90greening stage followed by minimal changes in other phenological stages (jointing, flag completed, heading, anthesis, and grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90filling). The temporal advance by warming resulted in lower growing\uffe2\uff80\uff90season mean air temperatures (MAT) for warmed plots than the control from 0.23 to 4.22\uffc2\uffb0C for the same subsequent phenological stages. Warming increased the number of tillers\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 and kernel weight, but tended to decrease the number of spikes\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 in the two tillage systems. The heavier kernels offset the yield reduction from smaller number of spikes. Warming increased the wheat aboveground biomass from 10% to 20% suggesting the potential to sequester more CO2. This study suggests that winter wheat might adjust its growth (shortened vegetative period to maintain reproductive period) to partly compensate for the negative effects from global warming in this temperate irrigated cropland.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Original Research"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.403"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.403", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.403", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.403"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-11-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.4079", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-04", "title": "Shrimp Ponds Lead To Massive Loss Of Soil Carbon And Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Northeastern Brazilian Mangroves", "description": "AbstractMangroves of the semiarid Caatinga region of northeastern Brazil are being rapidly converted to shrimp pond aquaculture. To determine ecosystem carbon stocks and potential greenhouse gas emissions from this widespread land use, we measured carbon stocks of eight mangrove forests and three shrimp ponds in the Acara\uffc3\uffba and Jaguaribe watersheds in Cear\uffc3\uffa1 state, Brazil. The shrimp ponds were paired with adjacent intact mangroves to ascertain carbon losses and potential emissions from land conversion. The mean total ecosystem carbon stock of mangroves in this semiarid tropical landscape was 413\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa094 Mg C/ha. There were highly significant differences in the ecosystem carbon stocks between the two sampled estuaries suggesting caution when extrapolating carbon stock across different estuaries even in the same landscape. Conversion of mangroves to shrimp ponds resulted in losses of 58%\uffe2\uff80\uff9382% of the ecosystem carbon stocks. The mean potential emissions arising from mangrove conversion to shrimp ponds was 1,390 Mg CO2e/ha. Carbon losses were largely from soils which accounted for 81% of the total emission. Losses from soils >100\uffc2\uffa0cm in depth accounted for 33% of the total ecosystem carbon loss. Soil carbon losses from shrimp pond conversion are equivalent to about 182\uffc2\uffa0years of soil carbon accumulation. Losses from mangrove conversion are about 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold greater than emissions from conversion of upland tropical dry forest in the Brazilian Caatinga underscoring the potential value for their inclusion in climate change mitigation activities.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Original Research", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4079"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.4079", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.4079", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.4079"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.6474", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-17", "title": "Tree litter functional diversity and nitrogen concentration enhance litter decomposition via changes in earthworm communities", "description": "AbstractBiodiversity is a major driver of numerous ecosystem functions. However, consequences of changes in forest biodiversity remain difficult to predict because of limited knowledge about how tree diversity influences ecosystem functions. Litter decomposition is a key process affecting nutrient cycling, productivity, and carbon storage and can be influenced by plant biodiversity. Leaf litter species composition, environmental conditions, and the detritivore community are main components of the decomposition process, but their complex interactions are poorly understood. In this study, we tested the effect of tree functional diversity (FD) on litter decomposition in a field experiment manipulating tree diversity and partitioned the effects of litter physiochemical diversity and the detritivore community. We used litterbags with different mesh sizes to separate the effects of microorganisms and microfauna, mesofauna, and macrofauna and monitored soil fauna using pitfall traps and earthworm extractions. We hypothesized that higher tree litter FD accelerates litter decomposition due to the availability of complementary food components and higher activity of detritivores. Although we did not find direct effects of tree FD on litter decomposition, we identified key litter traits and macrodetritivores that explained part of the process. Litter mass loss was found to decrease with an increase in leaf litter carbon:nitrogen ratio. Moreover, litter mass loss increased with an increasing density of epigeic earthworms, with most pronounced effects in litterbags with a smaller mesh size, indicating indirect effects. Higher litter FD and litter nutrient content were found to increase the density of surface\uffe2\uff80\uff90dwelling macrofauna and epigeic earthworm biomass. Based on structural equation modeling, we conclude that tree FD has a weak positive effect on soil surface litter decomposition by increasing the density of epigeic earthworms and that litter nitrogen\uffe2\uff80\uff90related traits play a central role in tree composition effects on soil fauna and decomposition.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "BIOTREE", "Ecology", "577", "macrodetritivores", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "biodiversity\u2013ecosystem function", "litter mass loss", "litter traits", "13. Climate action", "decomposers", "QH540-549.5", "Original Research"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ece3.6474"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.6474"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.6474", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.6474", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.6474"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.6547", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-09", "title": "The distribution of herbivores between leaves matches their performance only in the absence of competitors", "description": "AbstractFew studies have tested how plant quality and the presence of competitors interact in determining how herbivores choose between different leaves within a plant. We investigated this in two herbivorous spider mites sharing tomato plants: Tetranychus urticae, which generally induces plant defenses, and Tetranychus evansi, which suppresses them, creating asymmetrical effects on coinfesting competitors. On uninfested plants, both herbivore species preferred young leaves, coinciding with increased mite performance. On plants with heterospecifics, the mites did not prefer leaves on which they had a better performance. In particular, T.\uffc2\uffa0urticae avoided leaves infested with T.\uffc2\uffa0evansi, which is in agreement with T.\uffc2\uffa0urticae being outcompeted by T.\uffc2\uffa0evansi. In contrast, T.\uffc2\uffa0evansi did not avoid leaves with the other species, but distributed itself evenly over plants infested with heterospecifics. We hypothesize that this behavior of T.\uffc2\uffa0evansi may prevent further spread of T.\uffc2\uffa0urticae over the shared plant. Our results indicate that leaf age determines within\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant distribution of herbivores only in absence of competitors. Moreover, they show that this distribution depends on the order of arrival of competitors and on their effects on each other, with herbivores showing differences in behavior within the plant as a possible response to the outcome of those interactions.Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition greatly affects ecosystem processes and properties. However, few studies have simultaneously examined the responses of both the above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground communities to N deposition. Here, we investigated the effects of 8\uffc2\uffa0years of simulated N deposition on soil microbial communities and plant diversity in a subtropical forest. The quantities of experimental N added (g of N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and treatment codes were 0 (N0, control), 6 (N1), 12 (N2), and 24 (N3). Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) analysis was used to characterize the soil microbial community while plant diversity and coverage were determined in the permanent field plots. Microbial abundance was reduced by the N3 treatment, and plant species richness and coverage were reduced by both N2 and N3 treatments. Declines in plant species richness were associated with decreased abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, increased bacterial stress index, and reduced soil pH. The plasticity of soil microbial community would be more related to the different responses among treatments when compared with plant community. These results indicate that long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term N deposition has greater effects on the understory plant community than on the soil microbial community and different conservation strategies should be considered.
", "keywords": ["580", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Original Research"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.750"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.750", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.750", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.750"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.1420", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-22T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-17", "title": "No-Tillage And Fertilization Management On Crop Yields And Nitrate Leaching In North China Plain", "description": "AbstractA field experiment was performed from 2003 to 2008 to evaluate the effects of tillage system and nitrogen management regimes on crop yields and nitrate leaching from the fluvo\uffe2\uff80\uff90aquic soil with a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93maize (Zea mays L.)double\uffe2\uff80\uff90cropping system. The tillage systems consisted of conventional tillage (CT) and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT). Three nitrogen management regimes were included: 270\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921of urea for wheat and 225\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921of urea for maize (U), 180\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921of urea and 90\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921of straw for wheat and 180\uffc2\uffa0kg N of urea and 45\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921of straw for maize (S), 180\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921of urea and 90\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921of manure for wheat and 180\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921of urea and 45\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921of manure for maize (M). An array of tension\uffe2\uff80\uff90free pan lysimeters (50\uffc2\uffa0cm\uffc2\uffa0\uffc3\uff97\uffc2\uffa075\uffc2\uffa0cm) were installed (1.2\uffc2\uffa0m deep) to measure water flow and\uffe2\uff80\uff90N movement. No significant effect of the N management regime on yields of winter wheat and maize grain was found in the 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90year rotation. Tillage systems had significant influences on\uffe2\uff80\uff90N leaching from the second year and thereafter interacted with N management regimes on\uffe2\uff80\uff90N loads during all maize seasons. The average yield\uffe2\uff80\uff90scaled\uffe2\uff80\uff90N leaching losses were in order ofCTS<NTS<CTU<NTU<CTM<NTM, ranging from 0.88 (CTS) to 6.07 (NTM) kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffe2\uff88\uff921for winter wheat system and from 0.99 (CTS) to 6.27 (NTM) kg\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffe2\uff88\uff921for summer maize system for 5 rotation years. The results showed thatCTSdecreased the yield\uffe2\uff80\uff90scaled\uffe2\uff80\uff90N leaching losses while sustaining crop grain yields. Considering the lower costs,NTScould be a potential alternative to decrease yield\uffe2\uff80\uff90scaled\uffe2\uff80\uff90N leaching losses and improve soil fertility while maintaining crop yield for the winter wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93maize double\uffe2\uff80\uff90cropping systems in the North China Plain.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Original Research"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1420"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.1420", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.1420", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.1420"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.1646", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-22T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-26", "title": "Warming Decreased And Grazing Increased Plant Uptake Of Amino Acids In An Alpine Meadow", "description": "AbstractOrganic nitrogen (N) uptake by plants has been recognized as a significant component of terrestrial N cycle. Several studies indicated that plants have the ability to switch their preference between inorganic and organic forms of N in diverse environments; however, research on plant community response in organic nitrogen uptake to warming and grazing is scarce. Here, we demonstrated that organic N uptake by an alpine plant community decreased under warming with 13C\uffe2\uff80\uff9315N\uffe2\uff80\uff90enriched glycine addition method. After 6\uffc2\uffa0years of treatment, warming decreased plant organic N uptake by 37% as compared to control treatment. Under the condition of grazing, warming reduced plant organic N uptake by 44%. Grazing alone significantly increased organic N absorption by 15%, whereas under warming condition grazing did not affect organic N uptake by the Kobresia humilis community on Tibetan Plateau. Besides, soil NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N content explained more than 70% of the variability observed in glycine uptake, and C:N ratio in soil dissolved organic matter remarkably increased under warming treatment. These results suggested warming promoted soil microbial activity and dissolved organic N mineralization. Grazing stimulated organic N uptake by plants, which counteracted the effect of warming.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Original Research", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1646"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.1646", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.1646", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.1646"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.1732", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-23", "description": "AbstractIn recent decades, alpine grasslands have been seriously degraded on the Tibetan Plateau and grazing exclusion by fencing has been widely adopted to restore degraded grasslands since 2004. To elucidate how alpine grasslands carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) storage responds to this management strategy, three types of alpine grassland in nine counties in Tibet were selected to investigate C, N, and P storage in the environment by comparing free grazing (FG) and grazing exclusion (GE) treatments, which had run for 6\uffe2\uff80\uff938\uffc2\uffa0years. The results revealed that there were no significant differences in total ecosystem C, N, and P storage, as well as the C, N, and P stored in both total biomass and soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm) fractions between FG and GE grasslands. However, precipitation played a key role in controlling C, N, and P storage and distribution. With grazing exclusion, C and N stored in aboveground biomass significantly increased by 5.7\uffc2\uffa0g m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 and 0.1\uffc2\uffa0g m\uffe2\uff88\uff922, respectively, whereas the C and P stored in the soil surface layer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffc2\uffa0cm) significantly decreased by 862.9\uffc2\uffa0g m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 and 13.6\uffc2\uffa0g m\uffe2\uff88\uff922, respectively. Furthermore, the storage of the aboveground biomass C, N, and P was positively correlated with vegetation cover and negatively correlated with the biodiversity index, including Pielou evenness index, Shannon\uffe2\uff80\uff93Wiener diversity index, and Simpson dominance index. The storage of soil surface layer C, N, and P was positively correlated with soil silt content and negatively correlated with soil sand content. Our results demonstrated that grazing exclusion had no impact on total C, N, and P storage, as well as C, N, and P in both total biomass and soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm) fractions in the alpine grassland ecosystem. However, grazing exclusion could result in increased aboveground biomass C and N pools and decreased soil surface layer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffc2\uffa0cm) C\uffc2\uffa0and P pools.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Original Research", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1732"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.1732", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.1732", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.1732"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.355", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-22T16:14:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-24", "title": "Interannual Variations Of Soil Organic Carbon Fractions In Unmanaged Volcanic Soils (Canary Islands, Spain)", "description": "AbstractThe stability over time of the organic C stocked in soils under undisturbed ecosystems is poorly studied, despite being suitable for detecting changes related to climate fluctuations and global warming. Volcanic soils often show high organic C contents due to the stabilization of organic matter by short\uffe2\uff80\uff90range ordered minerals or Al\uffe2\uff80\uff90humus complexes. We investigated the dynamics of different organic C fractions in volcanic soils of protected natural ecosystems of the Canary Islands (Spain) to evaluate the stability of their C pools. The study was carried out in 10 plots, including both undisturbed and formerly disturbed ecosystems, over two annual periods. C inputs to (litterfall) and outputs from (respiration) the soil, root C stocks (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm), soil organic C (SOC) fractions belonging to C pools with different degrees of biogeochemical stability \uffe2\uff80\uff93total oxidisable C (TOC), microbial biomass C (MBC), water soluble C (WSC), hot\uffe2\uff80\uff90water extractable C (HWC), humic C (HSC), \uffe2\uff80\uff93 and total soil N (TN) (at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 and 15\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm) were measured seasonally.A statistically significant interannual increase in CO2 emissions and a decrease in the SOC, mainly at the expense of the most labile organic forms, were observed, while the root C stocks and litterfall inputs remained relatively constant over the study period. The observed changes may reflect an initial increase in SOC resulting from low soil respiration rates due to drought during the first year of study. The soils of nearly mature ecosystems were more apparently affected by C losses, while those undergoing the process of active natural regeneration exhibited disguised C loss because of the C sequestration trend that is characteristic of progressive ecological succession.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Original Research"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.355"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.355", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.355", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.355"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/fsn3.1555", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-22T16:14:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-07", "title": "Optimization of the formula and processing of a sweet potato leaf powder\u2010based beverage", "description": "AbstractFor the development of a sweet potato leaf powder (SPLP)\uffe2\uff80\uff90based beverage, we investigated the effects of blanching methods on SPLP quality (including color, nutritional and functional compositions and antioxidant activity), and the effects of particle size and stabilizers on suspension stability of final product. The total polyphenol and antioxidant activity of SPLP of uncut group were 1.69 and 1.91 times those of cut group, respectively, and the indices of nutritional quality of copper, manganese and vitamin E of uncut group were significantly greater than cut group. The ultrafine SPLP\uffe2\uff80\uff90produced lowest gravitational sedimentation ratio (49%), indicating it had greatest suspension stability. The optimized formula of SPLP\uffe2\uff80\uff90based beverage was as follows: ultrafine SPLP of uncut group was mixed with 2.5% (w/w, powder basis) xanthan gum, 1% calcium lactate, 2% ascorbic acid, 12% maltodextrin, 20% xylitol, and 0.9% apple essence. The final product had high nutritional value along with consumer\uffe2\uff80\uff90acceptable flavor and texture.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "suspension stability ; index of nutritional quality ; blanching ; particle size ; sweet potato leaves", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "Original Research"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/fsn3.1555"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1555"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/fsn3.1555", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/fsn3.1555", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/fsn3.1555"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/fsn3.1675", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:14:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-15", "title": "Valorization of the green waste parts from sweet potato ( Impoea batatas L.): Nutritional, phytochemical composition, and bioactivity evaluation", "description": "AbstractIn the present study, leaves from 13 sweet potato cultivars were collected as raw materials. The nutritional and functional composition, antioxidant activity, and sunscreen activity of different sweet potato leaf samples were determined, and the comprehensive nutritional quality was calculated by gray relational analysis. Results showed that the nutritional and functional components are significantly different between different cultivars. Tainong71 showed the highest comprehensive nutritional quality, followed by Fu22, Ningcai, Fu23, Ecai10, Zhecai726, Ecai1, Fu18, Pushu53, Guangcai5, Shulv1, Guangcai2, and Zhecai1. The antioxidant activity varied from 3.94 to 16.75\uffc2\uffa0g Trolox equivalent/100\uffc2\uffa0g dry weight. Pushu53 showed the highest sunscreen activity, with the sun protection factor 24.65. There was a positive correlation between antioxidant activity and sunscreen activity (r\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0.737, p\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0.004). In conclusion, sweet potato leaves possess high nutritional and functional properties, and have the huge potential to be used as green leafy vegetables and sunscreen agent.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "chemical/nutritional characterization ; antioxidant activity ; correlation analysis ; sunscreen acitvity ; gray relational analysis ; sweet potato leaves", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Original Research"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/fsn3.1675"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1675"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/fsn3.1675", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/fsn3.1675", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/fsn3.1675"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-07-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/pld3.401", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:14:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-11", "title": "OsJAZ11 regulates spikelet and seed development in rice", "description": "AbstractSeed size is one of the major determinants of seed weight and eventually, crop yield. As the global population is increasing beyond the capacity of current food production, enhancing seed size is a key target for crop breeders. Despite the identification of several genes and QTLs, current understanding about the molecular regulation of seed size/weight remains fragmentary. In the present study, we report novel role of a jasmonic acid (JA) signaling repressor, OsJAZ11 controlling rice seed width and weight. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsJAZ11 exhibited up to a 14% increase in seed width and ~30% increase in seed weight compared to wild type (WT). Constitutive expression of OsJAZ11 dramatically influenced spikelet morphogenesis leading to extra glume\uffe2\uff80\uff90like structures, open hull, and abnormal numbers of floral organs. Furthermore, overexpression lines accumulated higher JA levels in spikelets and developing seeds. Expression studies uncovered altered expression of JA biosynthesis/signaling and MADS box genes in overexpression lines compared to WT. Yeast two\uffe2\uff80\uff90hybrid and pull\uffe2\uff80\uff90down assays revealed that OsJAZ11 interacts with OsMADS29 and OsMADS68. Remarkably, expression of OsGW7, a key negative regulator of grain size, was significantly reduced in overexpression lines. We propose that OsJAZ11 participates in the regulation of seed size and spikelet development by coordinating the expression of JA\uffe2\uff80\uff90related, OsGW7 and MADS genes.1.0, when a nearby collapsing bubble is not in their direct contact. However, the critical dimensionless distance for the case of an envelope with pre-existing pores is identified at \u03b4=1.9. Additionally, the influence of liposome-bubble size ratio is addressed, from which a higher potential of larger bubbles for causing stretching-induced liposome destruction can be identified.", "keywords": ["bubble dynamics", "lipidni vezniki", "dinamika mehur\u010dkov", "bubble dynamics", " cavitation", " fluid-structure interaction", " shock wave emission", " giant lipid vesicles", " DOPC", "QC221-246", "fluid-structure interaction", "shock wave emission", "Bubble dynamics", "emisija udarnih valov", "kavitacija", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "cavitation", "Fluid-structure interaction", "giant lipid vesicles", "Shock wave emission", "Original Research Article", "QD1-999", "Cavitation", "Giant lipid vesicles", "Microbubbles", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/532.528:577.115.5", "Acoustics. Sound", "dinamika mehur\u010dkov", " kavitacija", " interakcija fluid-struktura", " emisija udarnih valov", " lipidni vezniki", " DOPC", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/532", "DOPC", "Liposomes", "Viruses", "Hydrodynamics", "interakcija fluid-struktura", "0405 other agricultural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zevnik, Jure, Dular, Matev\u017e,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105706"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ultrasonics%20Sonochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105706", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105706", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105706"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107222", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-22T16:16:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-01-05", "title": "The accurate determination of Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) removal efficiency by integrated-sonochemical system", "description": "Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is one of the most investigated Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) for being the strongest compound to eliminate and having adverse health concerns. In this work, we have conducted the sonochemical treatment of PFOS simulated water under high (500\u00a0kHz) and low (22\u00a0kHz) frequencies while monitoring the operational parameters via an integrated sonochemical system. The integrated advanced sonochemical system includes software to monitor treatment power, solution temperature and frequency while allowing distinctive control of the reaction conditions. Considering the lack of calorimetric measurements in earlier studies and the difficulty in achieving comparative outcomes, precise calorimetric measurements and determination of electrical energy per order (E(EO)) were performed in this study. The complete PFOS removal was achieved under 500\u00a0kHz frequency with optimum parameters including initial pollutant concentration (5\u00a0mg/L), ultrasound power density (400\u00a0W/L) and solution temperature (25\u00a0\u00b0C) within 180\u00a0min of treatment. The removal and mineralization extents (defluorination) were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and ion-chromatography (IC) analysis. Under optimum conditions, 100\u00a0% removal and 99\u00a0% mineralization were achieved. The rate constant (k) ranged from 0.011 to 0.031 [Formula: see text] (first-order reaction), which increased with the increase in the power density. While the solution temperature did not significantly affect the PFOS removal efficiency, the initial concentration was found to have a prominent effect on the reaction rate constant. However, experiments at low frequency (22\u00a0kHz) showed negligible removal efficiency. The specific energy requirement for reaching 90\u00a0% removal while considering the power consumed by the ultrasonic system from the main electrical source was determined to be 700 [Formula: see text] , which is much lower than other reported work under similar conditions. This work will be useful for both laboratory and industrial upscaling while acting as a benchmark reference to follow.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "EEO", "PFAS", "Acoustics. Sound", "QC221-246", "Frequency", "lMineralization", "Remova", "Sonochemical", "Chemistry", "PFOS", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "Original Research Article", "Removal", "QD1-999"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107222"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ultrasonics%20Sonochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107222", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107222", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2025.107222"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/ppl.70363", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-22T16:18:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-07-13", "title": "Belowground Interactions in a Barley Cultivar Mixture: Root Distribution and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Contributions to Uptake of Heterogeneous Phosphorus", "description": "ABSTRACT
Cultivar mixtures have the potential to mitigate abiotic stress and stabilize crop yields, but their belowground dynamics remain poorly understood. We evaluated phosphorus (P) uptake by two contrasting spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars (\uffe2\uff80\uff9cAnneli\uffe2\uff80\uff9d and \uffe2\uff80\uff9cFeedway\uffe2\uff80\uff9d), grown either in 50:50 mixture or as pure stand. The cultivars were grown in mesocosms under four P fertilization treatments: low\uffe2\uff80\uff90P, homogeneous high\uffe2\uff80\uff90P (90\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg P/kg), and localized P hotspots (100\uffe2\uff80\uff89mg P) placed either in the topsoil (5\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm) or subsoil (35\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm). To trace P uptake pathways, the hotspots were labeled with 33P and enclosed in mesh bags allowing only mycorrhizal hyphae (25\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffce\uffbcm) or both roots and hyphae (2\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) to access the hotspot. After 35\uffe2\uff80\uff89days, we measured aboveground biomass, total P content, 33P specific activity, and root biomass, length, diameter, and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) root colonization. In the mixture, reduced P uptake by \uffe2\uff80\uff9cFeedway\uffe2\uff80\uff9d led to lower overall performance compared to pure stand. Root modifications in the mixture did not enhance biomass or P acquisition, potentially due to decreased AMF colonization. Although different P placements altered P uptake patterns, they did not increase total P uptake. Roots accessed the P hotspots and acquired 33P without notable proliferation in the enriched zones. Our findings underscore the complexity of belowground interactions involving root distribution, competition for P, and AMF, and highlight the need for future research to optimize nutrient acquisition and performance in cultivar mixtures.Different phytohormones can act as root\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot signalling molecules in response to soil drying. Recent findings suggest that root ABA levels are predominantly leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90sourced and not locally synthesized, thus, ABA exported from the roots in the xylem is mostly recycled from the shoot. To explain the differential root hormone accumulation observed under partial rootzone drying (PRD) that imposes distinct dry and wet parts of the root zone, we grafted \uffe2\uff80\uff9ctwo\uffe2\uff80\uff90root, one\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff9d soybean plants to independently assess xylem export of different phytohormones from either part of the root zone. Grafts were subjected to a combination of girdling (either part, all, or none of the rootzone) and irrigation (homogenously well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered (WW) and PRD). PRD did not increase foliar ABA but decreased stomatal conductance, attributed to decreased leaf water potential and/or increased xylem sap ABA, JA, or ACC concentrations. In contrast, the foliar ABA increments that accompanied girdling\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced stomatal closure were proportional to the root fraction to which phloem transport was interrupted. Irrespective of girdling, root ABA accumulation (and xylem ABA export from) was highest in the dry PRD rootzone, xylem jasmonic acid (JA) in the wet PRD rootzone, and xylem ACC in both rootzones of PRD plants. Thus, soil drying of the dry root zone and transient overwatering of the wet root zone enhanced ACC export in PRD plants. We conclude that root water status during PRD enhances root ABA, JA and ACC synthesis and xylem export, independent of shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90root transport.Few studies have tested how plant quality and the presence of competitors interact in determining how herbivores choose between different leaves within a plant. We investigated this in two herbivorous spider mites sharing tomato plants: Tetranychus urticae, which generally induces plant defenses, and Tetranychus evansi, which suppresses them, creating asymmetrical effects on coinfesting competitors. On uninfested plants, both herbivore species preferred young leaves, coinciding with increased mite performance. On plants with heterospecifics, the mites did not prefer leaves on which they had a better performance. In particular, T.\uffc2\uffa0urticae avoided leaves infested with T.\uffc2\uffa0evansi, which is in agreement with T.\uffc2\uffa0urticae being outcompeted by T.\uffc2\uffa0evansi. In contrast, T.\uffc2\uffa0evansi did not avoid leaves with the other species, but distributed itself evenly over plants infested with heterospecifics. We hypothesize that this behavior of T.\uffc2\uffa0evansi may prevent further spread of T.\uffc2\uffa0urticae over the shared plant. Our results indicate that leaf age determines within\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant distribution of herbivores only in absence of competitors. Moreover, they show that this distribution depends on the order of arrival of competitors and on their effects on each other, with herbivores showing differences in behavior within the plant as a possible response to the outcome of those interactions.Herbivores can exert major controls over biogeochemical cycling. As invertebrates are highly sensitive to temperature shifts (ectothermal), the abundances of insects in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude systems, where climate warming is rapid, is expected to increase. In subarctic mountain birch forests, research has focussed on geometrid moth outbreaks, while the contribution of background insect herbivory (BIH) to elemental cycling is poorly constrained. In northern Sweden, we estimated BIH along 9 elevational gradients distributed across a gradient in regional elevation, temperature, and precipitation to allow evaluation of consistency in local versus regional variation. We converted foliar loss via BIH to fluxes of C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from the birch canopy to the soil to compare with other relevant soil inputs of the same elements and assessed different abiotic and biotic drivers of the observed variability. We found that leaf area loss due to BIH was ~1.6% on average. This is comparable to estimates from tundra, but considerably lower than ecosystems at lower latitudes. The C, N, and P fluxes from canopy to soil associated with BIH were 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 orders of magnitude lower than the soil input from senesced litter and external nutrient sources such as biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition of N, and P weathering estimated from the literature. Despite the minor contribution to overall elemental cycling in subarctic birch forests, the higher quality and earlier timing of the input of herbivore deposits to soils compared to senesced litter may make this contribution disproportionally important for various ecosystem functions. BIH increased significantly with leaf N content as well as local elevation along each transect, yet showed no significant relationship with temperature or humidity, nor the commonly used temperature proxy, absolute elevation. The lack of consistency between the local and regional elevational trends calls for caution when using elevation gradients as climate proxies.Different phytohormones can act as root\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot signalling molecules in response to soil drying. Recent findings suggest that root ABA levels are predominantly leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90sourced and not locally synthesized, thus, ABA exported from the roots in the xylem is mostly recycled from the shoot. To explain the differential root hormone accumulation observed under partial rootzone drying (PRD) that imposes distinct dry and wet parts of the root zone, we grafted \uffe2\uff80\uff9ctwo\uffe2\uff80\uff90root, one\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff9d soybean plants to independently assess xylem export of different phytohormones from either part of the root zone. Grafts were subjected to a combination of girdling (either part, all, or none of the rootzone) and irrigation (homogenously well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered (WW) and PRD). PRD did not increase foliar ABA but decreased stomatal conductance, attributed to decreased leaf water potential and/or increased xylem sap ABA, JA, or ACC concentrations. In contrast, the foliar ABA increments that accompanied girdling\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced stomatal closure were proportional to the root fraction to which phloem transport was interrupted. Irrespective of girdling, root ABA accumulation (and xylem ABA export from) was highest in the dry PRD rootzone, xylem jasmonic acid (JA) in the wet PRD rootzone, and xylem ACC in both rootzones of PRD plants. Thus, soil drying of the dry root zone and transient overwatering of the wet root zone enhanced ACC export in PRD plants. We conclude that root water status during PRD enhances root ABA, JA and ACC synthesis and xylem export, independent of shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90root transport.Different phytohormones can act as root\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot signalling molecules in response to soil drying. Recent findings suggest that root ABA levels are predominantly leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90sourced and not locally synthesized, thus, ABA exported from the roots in the xylem is mostly recycled from the shoot. To explain the differential root hormone accumulation observed under partial rootzone drying (PRD) that imposes distinct dry and wet parts of the root zone, we grafted \uffe2\uff80\uff9ctwo\uffe2\uff80\uff90root, one\uffe2\uff80\uff90shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff9d soybean plants to independently assess xylem export of different phytohormones from either part of the root zone. Grafts were subjected to a combination of girdling (either part, all, or none of the rootzone) and irrigation (homogenously well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered (WW) and PRD). PRD did not increase foliar ABA but decreased stomatal conductance, attributed to decreased leaf water potential and/or increased xylem sap ABA, JA, or ACC concentrations. In contrast, the foliar ABA increments that accompanied girdling\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced stomatal closure were proportional to the root fraction to which phloem transport was interrupted. Irrespective of girdling, root ABA accumulation (and xylem ABA export from) was highest in the dry PRD rootzone, xylem jasmonic acid (JA) in the wet PRD rootzone, and xylem ACC in both rootzones of PRD plants. Thus, soil drying of the dry root zone and transient overwatering of the wet root zone enhanced ACC export in PRD plants. We conclude that root water status during PRD enhances root ABA, JA and ACC synthesis and xylem export, independent of shoot\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90root transport.Herbivores can exert major controls over biogeochemical cycling. As invertebrates are highly sensitive to temperature shifts (ectothermal), the abundances of insects in high\uffe2\uff80\uff90latitude systems, where climate warming is rapid, is expected to increase. In subarctic mountain birch forests, research has focussed on geometrid moth outbreaks, while the contribution of background insect herbivory (BIH) to elemental cycling is poorly constrained. In northern Sweden, we estimated BIH along 9 elevational gradients distributed across a gradient in regional elevation, temperature, and precipitation to allow evaluation of consistency in local versus regional variation. We converted foliar loss via BIH to fluxes of C, nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) from the birch canopy to the soil to compare with other relevant soil inputs of the same elements and assessed different abiotic and biotic drivers of the observed variability. We found that leaf area loss due to BIH was ~1.6% on average. This is comparable to estimates from tundra, but considerably lower than ecosystems at lower latitudes. The C, N, and P fluxes from canopy to soil associated with BIH were 1\uffe2\uff80\uff932 orders of magnitude lower than the soil input from senesced litter and external nutrient sources such as biological N fixation, atmospheric deposition of N, and P weathering estimated from the literature. Despite the minor contribution to overall elemental cycling in subarctic birch forests, the higher quality and earlier timing of the input of herbivore deposits to soils compared to senesced litter may make this contribution disproportionally important for various ecosystem functions. BIH increased significantly with leaf N content as well as local elevation along each transect, yet showed no significant relationship with temperature or humidity, nor the commonly used temperature proxy, absolute elevation. The lack of consistency between the local and regional elevational trends calls for caution when using elevation gradients as climate proxies.Seed size is one of the major determinants of seed weight and eventually, crop yield. As the global population is increasing beyond the capacity of current food production, enhancing seed size is a key target for crop breeders. Despite the identification of several genes and QTLs, current understanding about the molecular regulation of seed size/weight remains fragmentary. In the present study, we report novel role of a jasmonic acid (JA) signaling repressor, OsJAZ11 controlling rice seed width and weight. Transgenic rice lines overexpressing OsJAZ11 exhibited up to a 14% increase in seed width and ~30% increase in seed weight compared to wild type (WT). Constitutive expression of OsJAZ11 dramatically influenced spikelet morphogenesis leading to extra glume\uffe2\uff80\uff90like structures, open hull, and abnormal numbers of floral organs. Furthermore, overexpression lines accumulated higher JA levels in spikelets and developing seeds. Expression studies uncovered altered expression of JA biosynthesis/signaling and MADS box genes in overexpression lines compared to WT. Yeast two\uffe2\uff80\uff90hybrid and pull\uffe2\uff80\uff90down assays revealed that OsJAZ11 interacts with OsMADS29 and OsMADS68. Remarkably, expression of OsGW7, a key negative regulator of grain size, was significantly reduced in overexpression lines. We propose that OsJAZ11 participates in the regulation of seed size and spikelet development by coordinating the expression of JA\uffe2\uff80\uff90related, OsGW7 and MADS genes.