Rapid, precise, and globally comparable methods for monitoring greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes are required for accurate GHG inventories from different cropping systems and management practices. Manual gas sampling followed by gas chromatography (GC) is widely used for measuring GHG fluxes in agricultural fields, but is laborious and time\uffe2\uff80\uff90consuming. The photo\uffe2\uff80\uff90acoustic infrared gas monitoring system (PAS) with on\uffe2\uff80\uff90line gas sampling is an attractive option, although it has not been evaluated for measuring GHG fluxes in cereals in general and rice in particular. We compared N2O, CO2, and CH4 fluxes measured by GC and PAS from agricultural fields under the rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat and maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat systems during the wheat (winter), and maize/rice (monsoon) seasons in Haryana, India. All the PAS readings were corrected for baseline drifts over time and PAS\uffe2\uff80\uff90CH4 (PCH4) readings in flooded rice were corrected for water vapor interferences. The PCH4 readings in ambient air increased by 2.3\uffc2\uffa0ppm for every 1000\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffc2\uffa0cm\uffe2\uff88\uff923 increase in water vapor. The daily CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes measured by GC and PAS from the same chamber were not different in 93\uffe2\uff80\uff9398% of all the measurements made but the PAS exhibited greater precision for estimates of CO2 and N2O fluxes in wheat and maize, and lower precision for CH4 flux in rice, than GC. The seasonal GC\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and PAS\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2O (PN2O) fluxes in wheat and maize were not different but the PAS\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 (PCO2) flux in wheat was 14\uffe2\uff80\uff9339% higher than that of GC. In flooded rice, the seasonal PCH4 and PN2O fluxes across N levels were higher than those of GC\uffe2\uff80\uff90CH4 and GC\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2O fluxes by about 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 4fold, respectively. The PAS (i) proved to be a suitable alternative to GC for N2O and CO2 flux measurements in wheat, and (ii) showed potential for obtaining accurate measurements of CH4 fluxes in flooded rice after making correction for changes in humidity.
", "keywords": ["Chromatography", " Gas", "Spectrophotometry", " Infrared", "Nitrous Oxide", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "greenhouse gases", "climate", "Triticum", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "cereals", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "nitrous oxide", "methane", "rice", "carbon dioxide", "Oryza", "Acoustics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "monitoring", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12347"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12347", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12347", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12347"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.08.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-28", "title": "Short-Term Conservation Agriculture And Biomass-C Input Impacts On Soil C Dynamics In A Savanna Ecosystem In Cambodia", "description": "Abstract Conservation agriculture (CA) is an effective tool that is used to increase soil C sequestration and enhance soil quality and agronomic productivity. However, rigorous empirical evidence from Southeast Asia, particularly in the Cambodian agro-ecosystem, is still scarce. We hypothesized that high and diversified biomass-C inputs in CA might be the first step toward to increase SOC in the topsoil by creating the C flow to support C storage overtime. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify the short-term (i.e., five year) impacts of soil management and cropping systems on soil organic C (SOC), soil total N (STN), particulate organic C (POC) and mineral-associated organic C (MAOC). There were three distinct experiments comprised of a combination of cover and main crops including rice-, soybean- and cassava-based cropping systems, hereafter designated as RcCS, SbCS and CsCS, respectively. The experimental plots were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Soil management treatments included conventional tillage (CT) and no-till (NT) and a selected adjacent area of reference vegetation (RV). Soil sampling was conducted in 2011 and 2013 at seven depths (0\u20135, 5\u201310, 10\u201320, 20\u201340, 40\u201360, 60\u201380 and 80\u2013100\u00a0cm). Soil management and crop sequences significantly affected SOC and STN stocks in all three cropping systems. On average, NT SOC stocks at 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth was greater than those of CT by 10%, 20% and 18% and STN stocks by 8%, 25% and 16% for RcCS, SbCS and CsCS, respectively. SOC levels followed the order RV\u00a0>\u00a0NT\u00a0>\u00a0CT. SOC stocks in the subsoil layers were consistently lower in NT than in CT in all three cropping systems. POC stocks at 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth in NT were on average 22%, 20% and 78% greater than those in CT in RcCS, SbCS and CsCS, respectively. However, significant differences were detected only in RcCS and CsCS. The major POC stocks were found at 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth. NT treatments in SbCS stored 9% greater MAOC stocks at 0\u20135\u00a0cm depth than those in CT, and an increasing trend of NT was observed in RcCS and CsCS. In all three cropping systems, NT systems with diversified crop species significantly increased SOC stocks ranging by 6 to 28% and POC stocks by 56\u2013127% in the surface soils and tended to restore SOC and POC in the subsoil layers after five years. The results leads to accept the hypothesis that short-term CA associated with high biomass-C inputs (particularly bi-annual rotations) promotes SOC recovery in the topsoil layer and creates a potential to increase SOC in the subsoil layers when deep-rooting cover crops are included in crop rotations.", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "cycle du carbone", "sol", "Glycine max", "Manihot esculenta", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "teneur en mati\u00e8re organique", "agro\u00e9cologie", "Oryza sativa", "01 natural sciences", "utilisation des terres", "agriculture alternative", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5388", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33990", "teneur en azote", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4073", "biomasse", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36669", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4579", "savane", "syst\u00e8me de culture", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3301", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8511", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28792", "non-travail du sol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "agro\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "6. Clean water", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_92381", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_926", "exp\u00e9rimentation au champ", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5438", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4182", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6825", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5193", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources fonci\u00e8res", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_17299", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7156", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2015.08.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.08.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2015.08.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2015.08.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.4533", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-27", "title": "Influence Of Fertilisation Regimes On A Nosz-Containing Denitrifying Community In A Rice Paddy Soil", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUND: Denitrification is a microbial process that has received considerable attention during the past decade since it can result in losses of added nitrogen fertilisers from agricultural soils. Paddy soil has been known to have strong denitrifying activity, but the denitrifying microorganisms responsible for fertilisers in paddy soil are not well known. The objective of this study was to explore the impacts of 17\uffe2\uff80\uff90year application of inorganic and organic fertiliser (rice straw) on the abundance and composition of a nosZ\uffe2\uff80\uff90denitrifier community in paddy soil. Soil samples were collected from CK plots (no fertiliser), N (nitrogen fertiliser), NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilisers) and NPK + OM (NPK plus organic matter). The nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ) community composition was analysed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the abundance was determined by quantitative PCR.
RESULTS: Both the largest abundance of nosZ\uffe2\uff80\uff90denitrifier and the highest potential denitrifying activity (PDA) occurred in the NPK + OM treatment with about four times higher than that in the CK and two times higher than that in the N and NPK treatments (no significant difference). Denitrifying community composition differed significantly among fertilisation treatments except for the comparison between CK and N treatments. Of the measured abiotic factors, total organic carbon was significantly correlated with the observed differences in community composition and abundance (P < 0.01 by Monte Carlo permutation).
CONCLUSION: This study shows that the addition of different fertilisers affects the size and composition of the nosZ\uffe2\uff80\uff90denitrifier community in paddy soil. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Carbon", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Genes", " Bacterial", "Denitrification", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Monte Carlo Method", "Polymorphism", " Restriction Fragment Length", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4533"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.4533", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.4533", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.4533"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.4645", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-12", "title": "Restricted Mineralization Of Fresh Organic Materials Incorporated Into A Subtropical Paddy Soil", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUND: Microbial activities involved in the dynamics of organic matter determine the potential for organic carbon (C) accumulation in soil. To understand this for paddy soil, an incubation experiment (25 \uffc2\uffb0C, 45% water\uffe2\uff80\uff90holding capacity) was established using 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelled glucose and rice straw (500 \uffc2\uffb5g C g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 soil) as substrates; an adjacent upland soil was used for comparison.
RESULTS: The amount of microbial biomass in the paddy soil was approximately 6 times larger and its turnover rate was 1.5\uffe2\uff80\uff933 times faster than in the upland soil. These proportions of 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelled glucose and rice straw mineralized in the paddy soil were about 3% smaller (P < 0.01) than those in the upland soil. Also, there was no significant priming effect of fresh substrate additions on the mineralization of native organic C in the paddy soil, while the priming effect was significant in the upland soil.
CONCLUSION: Although the paddy soil contains a large amount of microbial biomass, which is also very active, the mineralization of fresh substrates is significantly restricted in this soil, along with a small priming effect. This favours the accumulation of organic C in paddy soils. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Tropical Climate", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "Glucose", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ping Zhou, John Keith Syers, Hongzhao Yuan, Yirong Su, Ling Li, Jinshui Wu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4645"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.4645", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.4645", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.4645"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.4647", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-27", "title": "Response Of Soil Organic Carbon Mineralization In Typical Karst Soils Following The Addition Of 14c-Labeled Rice Straw And Caco3", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUND: Organic substrates and calcium are important factors controlling organic matter turnover in Karst soils. To understand their effects on soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization, an incubation experiment was conducted involving a control treatment (CK), the addition of a 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled rice straw (T1), CaCO3 (T2), and both 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled rice straw and CaCO3 (T3) to two types of Karst soils (terra fusca and rendzina) and a red soil from southwestern China.
RESULTS: Cumulative mineralization of the rice straw over 100 days in rendzina (22.96 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and terra fusca (23.19 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was higher than in the red soil (15.48 mg kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921; P < 0.05). Cumulative mineralization of native SOC decreased following addition of 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled rice straw in the rendzina and terra fusca but increased in the red soil (negative and positive priming effects on native SOC). The turnover times of 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90labeled microbial biomass C (MBC) in the red soil, terra fusca and rendzina were 71 \uffc2\uffb1 2, 243 \uffc2\uffb1 20 and 254 \uffc2\uffb1 45 days, respectively. By adding CaCO3, the accumulation of SOC was greater in the Karst soils than in the red soil.
CONCLUSION: Although the interactions between rice straw decomposition and priming effects on native SOC are not yet understood, there was considerable variation between Karst and red soils. Soil calcium was a positive factor in maintaining SOC stability. MBC from rice straws was stable in terra fusca and rendzina, whereas it was active in the red soil. The Karst soils (terra fusca and rendzina) used in this study benefited SOC accumulation. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Isotopes", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Calcium", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Soil Microbiology", "6. Clean water", "Calcium Carbonate", "Carbon Cycle"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4647"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.4647", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.4647", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.4647"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.5550", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-06", "title": "The Effect Of Rice Straw Incorporation Into Paddy Soil On Carbon Sequestration And Emissions In The Double Cropping Rice System", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUND: Soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration, methane emission, and the net carbon sink represented by rice straw incorporated into soil (RIS) were studied using long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimentation with rice straw incorporated into soil (LRIS) and short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimentation with different patterns of rice straw incorporated into soil (SPRIS).
RESULTS: Soil organic carbon could be improved by RIS combined with soil ploughing. The increased rate of SOC deposition per cultivated layer was 0.10 t C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for 2.625 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 straw incorporated each season in LRIS and 0.36 t C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for 4.5 t straw ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 season\uffe2\uff88\uff921 incorporated in SPRIS; the apparent SOC conversion by rice straw (stubble) was reduced as the amount of incorporated straw increased. However, RIS methane emission from paddy fields also significantly exacerbated the CH4 emission flux observed during the early and late rice growing seasons, which was increased by 75.0% (P < 0.01) and 251.5% (P < 0.01), respectively, compared with combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertiliser (NPK). The apparent methane conversion of straw was almost uniform with a similar rice yield and soil cultivating mode. Among the patterns of RIS, methane emission was significantly reduced under straw covering untilled land, and this property led to the lowest apparent methane conversion.
CONCLUSION: RIS with ploughing and tilling resulted in negative carbon sequestration because of increased methane emissions. A combined NPK application with only rice stubble incorporation may be sustainable for a higher rice yield, but this approach has a reduced rate of negative carbon sequestration in the paddy field. Straw covering with no tillage was the best measure to realise high yield and low carbon emission for RIS. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Methane", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5550"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.5550", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.5550", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.5550"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.7196", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-02", "title": "Effects Of Ditch-Buried Straw Return On Water Percolation, Nitrogen Leaching And Crop Yields In A Rice-Wheat Rotation System", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUNDCrop residue management and nitrogen loss are two important environmental problems in the rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat rotation system in China. This study investigated the effects of burial of straw on water percolation, nitrogen loss by leaching, crop growth and yield. Greenhouse mesocosm experiments were conducted over the course of three simulated cropping seasons in a rice1\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93rice2 rotation.
RESULTSGreater amounts of straw resulted in more water percolation, irrespective of crop season. Burial at 20 and 35\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm significantly reduced, but burial at 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm increased nitrogen leaching. Straw at 500\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 reduced, but at 1000\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and at 1500\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 straw increased nitrogen leaching in three consecutive crop rotations. In addition, straw at 500\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 buried at 35\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm significantly increased yield and its components for both crops.
CONCLUSIONSThis study suggests that N losses via leaching from the rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat rotation may be reduced by the burial of the appropriate amount of straw at the appropriate depth. Greater amounts of buried straw, however, may promote nitrogen leaching and negatively affect crop growth and yields. Complementary field experiments must be performed to make specific agronomic recommendations. \uffc2\uffa9 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Plant Stems", "Nitrogen", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Environmental Pollution", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.7196"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.7196", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.7196", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.7196"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ps.3380", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-20", "title": "Reproduction Allocation And Potential Mechanism Of Individual Allelopathic Rice Plants In The Presence Of Competing Barnyardgrass", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUND: In spite of increasing knowledge of allelopathic rice as an efficient component involved in paddy weed management, relatively little is known about its reproduction in response to competing weeds. Reproduction allocation of individual allelopathic rice plants in relation to monoculture and mixed culture with competing barnyardgrass in a paddy field was studied, along with analyses of soil nutrients and microbial communities to understand the potential mechanism.
RESULTS: At a 1:1 barnyardgrass and rice mixture proportion identified from a replacement series study, biomass, grain yield and major parameters of individual allelopathic rice plants at the mature stage were increased by competing barnyardgrass. There was no difference in allelopathic rice root\uffe2\uff80\uff90zone soil ammonium N and Olsen P between monoculture and mixed culture. However, mixed culture altered soil microbial biomass C and communities. When mixed with barnyardgrass, allelopathic rice root zone had an 87% increase in soil microbial biomass C. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiling indicated that the signature lipid biomarkers of bacteria, actinobacteria and fungi were affected by mixed culture. Principal component analysis clearly identified differences in the composition of PLFA in different soil samples.
CONCLUSION: Allelopathic rice specific changes in soil microbial communities may generate a positive feedback on its own growth and reproduction in the presence of competing barnyardgrass in a given paddy system. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "China", "Reproduction", "Population Dynamics", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Pheromones", "Soil", "Echinochloa", "Rhizosphere", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Soil Microbiology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chui-Hua Kong, Peng Wang, Xiang-Rui Meng, Hanwen Ni, Ming-Li Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.3380"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pest%20Management%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ps.3380", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ps.3380", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ps.3380"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ps.4546", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-02-03", "title": "Behaviour Of Bentazon As Influenced By Water And Tillage Management In Rice-Growing Conditions", "description": "AbstractBentazon is a widely used herbicide in rice agroecosystems that has commonly been found in water resources. To assess how tillage and water regimes affect sorption/desorption, dissipation and leaching of bentazon in Mediterranean rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing conditions, field experiments were carried out using tillage and flooding (TF), tillage and sprinkler irrigation (TS), no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage and sprinkler irrigation (NTS) and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage and sprinkler irrigation (NTS7). After 3 years, the Kd values in TS were 2.3, 1.6 and 1.7 times lower than the values in NTS7, NTS and TF respectively. Greater sorption of bentazon was related to higher contents in total organic carbon and, although to a lesser extent, in humic acids and dissolved organic carbon. The persistence of bentazon was significantly greater under anaerobic (half\uffe2\uff80\uff90life DT50 = 94.1\uffe2\uff80\uff93135 days) than under aerobic (DT50 = 42.4\uffe2\uff80\uff9391.3\uffe2\uff80\uff89days) incubation conditions for all management regimes. Leaching losses of bentazon were reduced from 78 and 74% in TS and TF to 61 and 62% in NTS7 and NTS respectively. The mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term implementation of sprinkler irrigation in combination with no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage could be considered a management system that is effective at reducing water contamination by bentazon in Mediterranean rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing agroecosystems. \uffc2\uffa9 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Agricultural Irrigation", "3103", "Herbicides", "Water Pollution", "Bentazona", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Benzothiadiazines", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Crop Production", "Bentazon", "Sorption", "Sorci\u00f3n", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Laboreo", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.4546"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pest%20Management%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ps.4546", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ps.4546", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ps.4546"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00244-008-9159-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-21", "title": "Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Wetland Rice-Duck Cultivation Systems In Southern China", "description": "Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from a rice-duck cultivation system in the subtropical region of China and its regulating factors were investigated by using a static chambers technique during rice growth seasons in 2006 and 2007. The experimental field was equally divided into six plots for two different treatments: One was a conventional rice field (CK) and the other was a rice-duck ecosystem (RD). With the same amount of urea applied as basal fertilization, N2O emission fluxes from RD and CK followed a similar seasonal variation trend. During the flooding seasons, the N2O emission flux was not correlated with temperature, but it was significantly related to soil inorganic nitrogen (SIN) (p < 0.01) and soil pH (p < 0.01). After drainage, the N2O emission flux was not correlated with temperature, SIN, and soil pH. Our experimental data showed that peaks of N2O emission flux occurred both in 2 weeks after urea application and after drainage. Compared to CK, RD could significantly increase N2O emission. We evaluated the integrated global warming potentials (GWPs) of a rice-duck cultivation system based on methane (CH4) and N2O emission, which showed that RD could suppress the total amount of CH4 and N2O emissions from rice paddies. Moreover, because the decrease of CH4 emissions from RD compared to CK was far more than the increase of N2O emissions from RD compared to CK, RD greatly reduced integrated GWPs (CH4 + N2O) compared to CK. So, the rice-duck cultivation system is an effective strategy for reducing integrated GWPs of the rice-duck cultivation systems based on CH4 and N2O in southern China and will contribute to alleviating global warming.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Greenhouse Effect", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Nitrous Oxide", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Ducks", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00244-008-9159-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Archives%20of%20Environmental%20Contamination%20and%20Toxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00244-008-9159-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00244-008-9159-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00244-008-9159-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-04-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-23", "title": "Root exudation patterns of contrasting rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines in response to P limitation", "description": "Abstract Main conclusionRice exudation patterns changed in response to P deficiency. Higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production. Total carboxylate exudation rates mostly decreased under P-limiting conditions.
AbstractWithin the rhizosphere, root exudates are believed to play an important role in plant phosphorus (P) acquisition. This could be particularly beneficial in upland rice production where P is often limited. However, knowledge gaps remain on how P deficiency shapes quality and quantity of root exudation in upland rice genotypes. We therefore investigated growth, plant P uptake, and root exudation patterns of two rice genotypes differing in P efficiency in semi-hydroponics at two P levels (low P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff891\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5M, adequate P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89100\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5M). Root exudates were collected hydroponically 28 and 40\uffc2\uffa0days after germination to analyze total carbon (C), carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic compounds spectrophotometrically and carboxylates using a targeted LC\uffe2\uff80\uff93MS approach. Despite their reported role in P solubilization, we observed that carboxylate exudation rates per unit root surface area were not increased under P deficiency. In contrast, exudation rates of total C, carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolics were mostly enhanced in response to low P supply. Overall, higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production in the P-inefficient genotype Nerica4, whereas the larger root system with lower C investment (per unit root surface area) in root exudates of the P-efficient DJ123 allowed for better plant growth under P deficiency. Our results reveal new insights into genotype-specific resource allocation in rice under P-limiting conditions that warrant follow-up research including more genotypes.
", "keywords": ["Genotype", "Hydroponics", "carbohydrates ; phenolics ; amino acids ; carboxylates ; phosphorus", "Plant Exudates", "Rhizosphere", "Original Article", "Oryza", "Phosphorus", "Biomass", "Amino Acids", "Plant Roots", "Carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Henning Schwalm, Christiana Staudinger, Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei, Eva Mundschenk, Alireza Golestanifard, Maire Holz, Matthias Wissuwa, Eva Oburger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Planta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-005-9021-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-01", "title": "Dynamics Of Organic Carbon And Microbial Biomass In Alluvial Soil With Tillage And Amendments In Rice-Wheat Systems", "description": "Rice-wheat cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGP) occupying 12 million ha of productive land are important for the food security of South Asia. There are, however, concerns that yield and factor productivity trends in these systems are declining/stagnating in recent years. Decrease in soil organic carbon is often suggested as a reason for such trends. A field experiment was conducted to study the soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) dynamics in the rice-wheat systems. Use of organic amendments and puddling of soil before rice transplanting increased SOC and MBC contents. Microbial biomass carbon showed a seasonal pattern. It was low initially, reached its peak during the flowering stages in both rice and wheat and declined thereafter. Microbial biomass carbon was linearly related to SOC in both rice and wheat indicating that SOC could be used as a proxy for MBC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "550", "ddc:550", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "Carbon", "Earth sciences", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Triticum"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Banerjee, B., Aggarwal, P. K., Pathak, H., Singh, A. K., Chaudhary, A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-005-9021-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-005-9021-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-005-9021-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-005-9021-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10661-013-3202-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-23", "title": "Influence Of Elevated Carbon Dioxide And Temperature On Belowground Carbon Allocation And Enzyme Activities In Tropical Flooded Soil Planted With Rice", "description": "Changes in the soil labile carbon fractions and soil biochemical properties to elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature reflect the changes in the functional capacity of soil ecosystems. The belowground root system and root-derived carbon products are the key factors for the rhizospheric carbon dynamics under elevated CO2 condition. However, the relationship between interactive effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on belowground soil carbon accrual is not very clear. To address this issue, a field experiment was laid out to study the changes of carbon allocation in tropical rice soil (Aeric Endoaquept) under elevated CO2 and elevated CO2 + elevated temperature conditions in open top chambers (OTCs). There were significant increase of root biomass by 39 and 44\u00a0% under elevated CO2 and elevated CO2 + temperature compared to ambient condition, respectively. A significant increase (55\u00a0%) of total organic carbon in the root exudates under elevated CO2 + temperature was noticed. Carbon dioxide enrichment associated with elevated temperature significantly increased soil labile carbon, microbial biomass carbon, and activities of carbon-transforming enzyme like \u03b2-glucosidase. Highly significant correlations were noticed among the different soil enzymes and soil labile carbon fractions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Sequestration", "Tropical Climate", "Temperature", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Floods", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-013-3202-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Monitoring%20and%20Assessment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10661-013-3202-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10661-013-3202-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10661-013-3202-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11130-016-0583-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-05", "title": "Evaluation of Physicochemical and Glycaemic Properties of Commercial Plant-Based Milk Substitutes", "description": "The market for plant-based dairy-type products is growing as consumers replace bovine milk in their diet, for medical reasons or as a lifestyle choice. A screening of 17 different commercial plant-based milk substitutes based on different cereals, nuts and legumes was performed, including the evaluation of physicochemical and glycaemic properties. Half of the analysed samples had low or no protein contents (<0.5\u00a0%). Only samples based on soya showed considerable high protein contents, matching the value of cow's milk (3.7\u00a0%). An in-vitro method was used to predict the glycaemic index. In general, the glycaemic index values ranged from 47 for bovine milk to 64 (almond-based) and up to 100 for rice-based samples. Most of the plant-based milk substitutes were highly unstable with separation rates up to 54.39\u00a0%/h. This study demonstrated that nutritional and physicochemical properties of plant-based milk substitutes are strongly dependent on the plant source, processing and fortification. Most products showed low nutritional qualities. Therefore, consumer awareness is important when plant-based milk substitutes are used as an alternative to cow's milk in the diet.", "keywords": ["Blood Glucose", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Original Paper", "0303 health sciences", "Glycine max", "Plant-based milk substitutes", "Glycaemic index", "Oryza", "Dispersion stability", "03 medical and health sciences", "Chemistry (miscellaneous)", "Humans", "plant-based milk substitutes; protein requirement; glycaemic index; dispersion stability", "Protein requirement", "Milk Substitutes", "Nutritive Value", "Food Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.uniroma1.it/bitstream/11573/1660889/1/Jeske_Evaluation-of-physicochemical_2017.pdf"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11130-016-0583-0.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11130-016-0583-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Foods%20for%20Human%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11130-016-0583-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11130-016-0583-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11130-016-0583-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-013-2321-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-02", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Different Inorganic As And Se Species On Their Uptake And Translocation By Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Seedlings", "description": "There is a lack of information on the interactive relationship of absorption and transformation between two inorganic arsenic (As) species and two inorganic selenium (Se) species in rice grown under hydroponic condition. Interactive effects of inorganic As (As(III)) and (As(V)) and Se (Se(IV)and Se(VI)) species on their uptake, accumulation, and translocation in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings were investigated in hydroponic culture. The results clearly showed the interactive effects of inorganic As and Se on their uptake by rice. The presence of Se reduced the sum of As species in the rice shoots regardless of Se speciation. If Se is present as Se(IV), then is it is accompanied by a corresponding increase of the sum of As species, but if Se is present as Se(VI), then there is no change in the sum of As species in rice roots. These effects are observed regardless of initial As speciation. When the rice plants are exposed to Se(IV), the presence of As increases the sum of Se species in the roots, and decreases the sum of Se species in the corresponding shoots. This effect is more pronounced for As(III) than for As(V). There is no effect on Se during exposure to Se(VI). Co-existence of As also increased SeMet in rice roots.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Arsenic", "Selenium", "Hydroponics", "Seedlings", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Drug Interactions", "Environmental Pollutants", "Plant Shoots"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yi-Zong Huang, Gui-Lan Duan, Yunxia Liu, Ying Hu, Guo-Xin Sun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-2321-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-013-2321-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-013-2321-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-013-2321-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-16", "title": "Effects Of Rice Straw Mulching On N2o Emissions And Maize Productivity In A Rain-Fed Upland", "description": "In the hilly areas of southern China, uplands and paddies are located adjacent to each other. Using rice straw as mulch for upland soil may improve crop production and partially replace chemical fertilizers, which may mitigate N2O emissions. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the potential of rice straw mulching for mitigating N2O emissions and increasing crop production. The treatments included no mulching (CK), 5000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha-1 of straw mulching (SM5), and 10,000\u00a0kg\u00a0ha-1 of straw mulching (SM10). Moreover, all the treatments received equivalent amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium from chemical fertilizers plus rice straw. Relative to CK, cumulative N2O emissions decreased by 23.1 and 33.5% with SM5 and SM10, respectively. Significant positive correlations were observed between N2O fluxes and soil water-filled pore space (WPFS) (r 2\u2009=\u20090.495, P\u2009<\u20090.05) and between seasonal cumulative N2O fluxes and the chemical N fertilization rate (r 2\u2009=\u20090.814, P\u2009<\u20090.05). These findings indicate that soil WPFS was the key environmental factor in N2O emissions and that the substitution of chemical nitrogen fertilizer with rice straw was the main driver of N2O mitigation. Relative to CK, the maize yield increased by 16.5 and 29.6% with SM5 and SM10, respectively, which can be attributed primarily to the increases in soil moisture. The chemical fertilizer input could be decreased and N2O emissions could be mitigated through straw mulching, while achieving improved crop yield. This management strategy has great potential, and this study provides an important reference for low-carbon agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Rain", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hai Jun Hou, Chun Mei Yin, Xiao Hong Wu, Wei Wang, Xiao Li Xie,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-017-0989-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12275-012-2409-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-03", "title": "Characterization Of The Bacterial And Archaeal Communities In Rice Field Soils Subjected To Long-Term Fertilization Practices", "description": "The bacterial and archaeal communities in rice field soils subjected to different fertilization regimes for 57 years were investigated in two different seasons, a non-planted, drained season (April) and a rice-growing, flooded season (August), by performing soil dehydrogenase assay, real-time PCR assay and pyrosequencing analysis. All fertilization regimes increased the soil dehydrogenase activity while the abundances of bacteria and archaea increased in the plots receiving inorganic fertilizers plus compost and not in those receiving inorganic fertilizers only. Rice-growing and flooding decreased the soil dehydrogenase activity while they increased the bacterial diversity in rice field soils. The bacterial communities were dominated by Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria and the archaeal communities by Crenarchaeota at the phylum level. In principal coordinates analysis based on the weighted Fast UniFrac metric, the bacterial and archaeal communities were separated primarily by season, and generally distributed along with soil pH, the variation of which had been caused by long-term fertilization. Variations in the relative abundance according to the season or soil pH were observed for many bacterial and archaeal groups. In conclusion, the microbial activity, prokaryotic abundance and diversity, and prokaryotic community structure in the rice field soils were changed by season and long-term fertilization.", "keywords": ["DNA", " Bacterial", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "15. Life on land", "Archaea", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Seasons", "Fertilizers", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12275-012-2409-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12275-012-2409-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12275-012-2409-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12275-012-2409-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13280-012-0349-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-26", "title": "Mitigating Global Warming Potentials Of Methane And Nitrous Oxide Gases From Rice Paddies Under Different Irrigation Regimes", "description": "A field experiment was conducted in Bangladesh Agricultural University Farm to investigate the mitigating effects of soil amendments such as calcium carbide, calcium silicate, phosphogypsum, and biochar with urea fertilizer on global warming potentials (GWPs) of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) gases during rice cultivation under continuous and intermittent irrigations. Among the amendments phosphogypsum and silicate fertilizer, being potential source of electron acceptors, decreased maximum level of seasonal CH4 flux by 25-27\u00a0% and 32-38\u00a0% in continuous and intermittent irrigations, respectively. Biochar and calcium carbide amendments, acting as nitrification inhibitors, decreased N2O emissions by 36-40\u00a0% and 26-30\u00a0% under continuous and intermittent irrigations, respectively. The total GWP of CH4 and N2O gases were decreased by 7-27\u00a0% and 6-34\u00a0% with calcium carbide, phosphogypsum, and silicate fertilizer amendments under continuous and intermittent irrigations, respectively. However, biochar amendments increased overall GWP of CH4 and N2O gases.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Bangladesh", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Nitrous Oxide", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-012-0349-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/AMBIO", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13280-012-0349-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13280-012-0349-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13280-012-0349-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-10", "title": "Impact Of Elevated Co2 And Temperature On Soil C And N Dynamics In Relation To Ch4 And N2o Emissions From Tropical Flooded Rice (Oryza Sativa L.)", "description": "A field experiment was carried out to investigate the impact of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) (CEC, 550 \u03bcmol mol(-1)) and elevated CO2+elevated air temperature (CECT, 550 \u03bcmol mol(-1) and 2\u00b0C more than control chamber (CC)) on soil labile carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools, microbial populations and enzymatic activities in relation to emissions of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) in a flooded alluvial soil planted with rice cv. Naveen in open top chambers (OTCs). The labile soil C pools, namely microbial biomass C, readily mineralizable C, water soluble carbohydrate C and potassium permanganate oxidizable C were increased by 27, 23, 38 and 37% respectively under CEC than CC (ambient CO2, 394 \u03bcmol mol(-1)). The total organic carbon (TOC) in root exudates was 28.9% higher under CEC than CC. The labile N fractions were also increased significantly (29%) in CEC than CC. Methanogens and denitrifier populations in rhizosphere were higher under CEC and CECT. As a result, CH4 and N2O-N emissions were enhanced by 26 and 24.6% respectively, under CEC in comparison to open field (UC, ambient CO2, 394 \u03bcmol mol(-1)) on seasonal basis. The global warming potential (GWP) was increased by 25% under CEC than CC. However, emissions per unit of grain yield under elevated CO2 and temperature were similar to those observed at ambient CO2. The stimulatory effect on CH4 and N2O emissions under CEC was linked with the increased amount of soil labile C, C rich root exudates, lowered Eh, higher Fe(+2) concentration and increased activities of methanogens and extracellular enzymes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Tropical Climate", "Chromatography", " Gas", "Nitrogen", "Iron", "Nitrous Oxide", "Temperature", "India", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "Plant Roots", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Rhizosphere", "Regression Analysis", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.10.025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-11-19", "title": "Artisanal And Controlled Pyrolysis-Based Biochars Differ In Biochemical Composition, Thermal Recalcitrance, And Biodegradability In Soil", "description": "Abstract Biochar composition and stability is under intense research. Yet the question remains to what extent the current state-of-the-art applies to artisanally charred biomass in tropical regions. We compared kiln and drum based biochars with their counterpart controlled (at 400\u00a0\u00b0C) slow pyrolysis biochars from coconut shells, rice husks and Palmyra nutshell for their biochemical composition, thermal stability and biodegradability in soil. Thermal behavior of individual organic constituents was quantified by pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectroscopy (Py-FIMS). Comparison of the mass spectra demonstrated higher abundances of either phenols, lignin and carbohydrate monomers or of lipids in the artisanally produced biochars. Hence, relatively more untransformed plant matter was preserved by artisanal charring and also the thermal stability of carbohydrates, alkylaromatics and N-containing compounds was lower for all three feedstocks. This indicates lower prevailing temperatures compared to controlled pyrolysis biochar, at least in parts of the biomass charring in the kilns or drum. Nine-weeks biochar derived C mineralization upon soil incorporation revealed a relatively lower biological stability of the controlled pyrolysis biochars. The proportion of detected ion intensity from thermolabile lower mass signals ( m/z", "keywords": ["Oryza sativa L", "Biochar", "Cocos nucifera L.", "Biochar production method", "Borassus flabellifer", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Thermal stability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Py-FIMS", "Pyrolysis", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.10.025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biomass%20and%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.10.025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.10.025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biombioe.2015.10.025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.047", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-01-25", "title": "Methane Emission Characteristics And Its Relations With Plant And Soil Parameters Under Irrigated Rice Ecosystem Of Northeast India", "description": "Methane flux from rice varieties grown under two identical soils of Assam were monitored. In the first experiment, variety Jaya and GRT was grown in sandy loam soil of Lower Brahmaputra Valley Zone of Assam and the second experiment was conducted with variety Jyotiprasad and Bishnuprasad in sandy to sandy loam soils of Upper Brahmaputra Valley Zones of Assam. Methane flux recorded from variety Jyotiprasad and GRT was higher compared to variety Bishnuprasad and Jaya. The seasonal integrated flux recorded was 10.76 gm(-2), 9.98 gm(-2), 9.74 gm(-2) and 11.31 gm(-2) for variety GRT, Jaya, Bishnuprasad and Jyotiprasad, respectively. All the varieties exhibited two methane peaks one at maximum tillering stage and other at panicle initiation stage of the crop. Crop growth parameters such as leaf number, number of tillers and leaf area index (LAI) showed strong positive relationship with total methane flux. In both the experiments it was calculated that CH4 emission was substantially influenced by crop phenology and growth. This study emphasise the relationship of different growth parameters with methane emission.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Time Factors", "India", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil", "Water Supply", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Methane", "Ecosystem"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Boby Gogoi, Kushal Kumar Baruah, Prabhat K. Gupta, Nirmali Gogoi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.047"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.047", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.047", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.047"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.097", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-01-27", "title": "Microbial Biomass And Enzyme Activities In Submerged Rice Soil Amended With Municipal Solid Waste Compost And Decomposed Cow Manure", "description": "We studied the suitability of municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) application to submerged rice paddies in the perspective of metal pollution hazards associated with such materials. Experiments were conducted during the wet seasons of 1997, 1998 and 1999 on rice grown under submerged condition, at the Agriculture Experimental Farm, Calcutta University at Baruipur, West Bengal, India. The treatments consisted of control, no input; MSWC, at 60 kgNha(-1); well decomposed cow manure (DCM), at 60 kgNha(-1); MSWC (30 kgNha(-1)) +Urea (30 kgNha(-1)); DCM (30 kgNha(-1)) +U (30 kgNha(-1)) and Fertilizer, (at 60:30:30 NPK kgha(-1) through urea, single superphosphate and muriate of potash respectively). Soil microbial biomass-C (MBC), MBC as percentage of organic-C (ratio index value, RIV), urease and acid phosphatase activities were higher in DCM than MSWC-treated soils, due to higher amount of biogenic organic materials like water soluble organic carbon, carbohydrate and mineralizable nitrogen in the former. The studied parameters were higher when urea was integrated with DCM or MSWC, compared to their single applications. Soil MBC, urease and acid phosphatase activities periodically declined up to 60 day after transplanting (DAT) and then increased after crop harvest. The heavy metals in MSWC did not detrimentally influence MBC, urease and acid phosphatase activities of soil. In the event of long term MSWC application, changes in soil quality parameters should be monitored regularly, since heavy metals once entering into soil persist over a long period.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Enzymes", "Refuse Disposal", "12. Responsible consumption", "Manure", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ashis Kumar Chakraborty, Kalyan Chakrabarti, Pradip Bhattacharyya,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.097"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.097", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.097", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.11.097"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-17", "title": "Contrasted Effect Of Biochar And Earthworms On Rice Growth And Resource Allocation In Different Soils", "description": "Abstract Adding biochar to soils and maintaining high earthworm biomasses are potential ways to increase the fertility of tropical soils and the sustainability of crop production in the spirit of agroecology and ecological engineering. However, a thorough functional assessment of biochar effect on plant growth and resource allocations is so far missing. Moreover, earthworms and biochar increase mineral nutrient availability through an increase in mineralization and nutrient retention respectively and are likely to interact through various other mechanisms. They could thus increase plant growth synergistically. This hypothesis was tested for rice in a greenhouse experiment. Besides, the relative effects of biochar and earthworms were compared in three different soil treatments (a nutrient rich soil, a nutrient poor soil, a nutrient poor soil supplemented with fertilization). Biochar and earthworm effects on rice growth and resource allocation highly depended on soil type and were generally additive (no synergy). In the rich soil, there were both clear positive biochar and earthworm effects, while there were generally only positive earthworm effects in the poor soil, and neither earthworm nor biochar effect in the poor soil with fertilization. The analysis of earthworm and biochar effects on different plant traits and soil mineral nitrogen content, confirmed that they act through an increase in nutrient availability. However it also suggested that another mechanism, such as the release in the soil of molecules recognized as phytohormones by plants, is also involved in earthworm action. This mechanism could for example help explaining how earthworms increase rice resource allocation to roots and influence the allocation to grains.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "330", "earthworms", "FAUNE DU SOL", "fertilidad del suelo", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "AZOTE", "AMENDEMENT DU SOL", "CROISSANCE", "arroz", "2. Zero hunger", "BIOMASSE", "FERTILITE DU SOL", "rice", "soil fertility", "AMMONIUM", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "RIZICULTURE", "6. Clean water", "oryza sativa", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "ENGRAIS ORGANIQUE", "FERTILISATION DU SOL", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fauna del suelo", "RAPPORT CN", "soil fauna", "RAPPORT C/N", "LOMBRIC", "NITRATE"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Patrick Lavelle, Patrick Lavelle, Kam-Rigne Laossi, S\u00e9bastien Barot, Maria Helena Catelli de Carvalho, Marco Antonio Rond\u00f3n, Diana Cristina Noguera, Diana Cristina Noguera, Valerio Hoyos,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://millsonia.free.fr/publications/noguera2010SBB.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2010.03.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-16", "title": "Effects Of Manure And Mineral Fertilization Strategies On Soil Antibiotic Resistance Gene Levels And Microbial Community In A Paddy-Upland Rotation System", "description": "This work investigated the responses of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the soil microbial community in a paddy-upland rotation system to mineral fertilizer (NPK) and different application dosages of manure combined with NPK. The occurrence of five tetracycline ARGs (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetG and tetW), two sulfonamide ARGs (sul1 and sul2) and one genetic element (IntI1) was quantified. NPK application showed only slight or no impact on soil ARGs abundances compared with the control without fertilizer. Soil ARGs abundances could be increased by manure-NPK application but was related to manure dosage (2250-9000 kg ha(-1)). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the soil ARG profile of the treatment with 9000 kg ha(-1) manure separated clearly from the other treatments; the ARGs that contributed most to the discrimination of this treatment were tetA, tetG, tetW, sul1, sul2 and IntI1. Community level physiological profile (CLPP) analysis showed that increasing manure dosage from 4500 kg ha(-1) to 9000 kg ha(-1) induced a sharp increase in almost all of the detected ARGs but would not change the microbial community at large. However, 9000 kg ha(-1) manure application produced a decline in soil microbial activity. Determination of antibiotics and heavy metals in soils suggested that the observed bloom of soil ARGs might associate closely with the accumulation of copper and zinc in soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Rotation", "Agriculture", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "Oryza", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Manure", "Soil", "Metals", " Heavy", "8. Economic growth", "Fertilizers", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-23", "title": "Upland Rice Production Under Conservation Agriculture Cropping Systems In Cold Conditions Of Tropical Highlands", "description": "In response to the extensive development of upland rice on the hillsides of the Malagasy highlands, alternative cropping systems based on conservation agriculture have been recommended to halt loss of soil fertility. To assess the yield performances of these cropping systems, an experiment was set up in 2003 at Andranomanelatra (1640 m asl) in the Malagasy highlands. Grain yield, yield components, biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake of upland rice were analyzed in the 2004-2005, 2006-2006, and 2006-2007 seasons, and root length density was measured in the 2007-2008 season. The rice crop was planted every second year following two different crops: maize intercropped with soybean (M + S, with both conventional tillage and no tillage) and maize intercropped with Brachiaria ruziziensis (M + B only with no tillage). For each cropping system, two levels of fertilization were used: no fertilizer or application of organic inputs and mineral fertilizer. The season, cropping system, and fertilization treatment had significant effects on rice grain yields. Higher yields were associated with a greater number of plants per m2, which decreased significantly over the three seasons, probably due to the highly variable beginning of the rains, and in the final season, with attacks by soil insects. The rice yield with conventional tillage was the highest and differed significantly from rice yield when maize was intercropped with Brachiaria under the no-till system, but not when the maize was intercropped with soybean with no tillage. In all three seasons, grain yields were closely linked to crop N at harvest. Differences in N uptake between treatments appeared very early in the crop cycle. Under conventional tillage, root length density at 68 days after sowing was higher between 0 and 30 cm depth than with no tillage. In these cold highlands conditions, plant establishment appeared to be more difficult with no tillage and resulted in reduced plant development and plant N uptake, particularly when rice was planted after maize intercropped with Brachiaria.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "Glycine max", "F08 - Syst\u00e8mes et modes de culture", "rendement des cultures", "F50 - Anatomie et morphologie des plantes", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "630", "fertilisation", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10176", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16034", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8076", "syst\u00e8me de culture", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3301", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4510", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8511", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10795", "F07 - Fa\u00e7ons culturales", "2. Zero hunger", "syst\u00e8me racinaire", "engrais azot\u00e9", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_26419", "Oryza", "non-travail du sol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "riz pluvial", "rotation culturale", "6. Clean water", "Brachiaria ruziziensis", "densit\u00e9", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2186", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8504", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5435", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1971", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5195", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6662", "F04 - Fertilisation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Field%20Crops%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.fcr.2012.09.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.095", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-29", "title": "Generation Of Selenium-Enriched Rice With Enhanced Grain Yield, Selenium Content And Bioavailability Through Fertilisation With Selenite", "description": "To fulfill the natural human needs of selenium, selenium biofortification has been carried out in rice (Oryza sativa) in recent years. Despite some improvements have been made, the increase of selenium content in rice was still limited and a large amount of fertilisers are often required, which may cause environmental pullution. In this study, we further improved the selenium biofortification of rice by using less selenium fertilisers (10.5 g selenium/hectare) whereas, largely increasing selenium content in rice grains (up to 51 times vs. control). Furthermore, selenium speciation analysis, in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and antioxidant assays were performed to evaluate the selenium bioaccessibility and bioavailability in selenium-enriched rice grains. The major selenium species found were readily absorbable selenomethionine. Meanwhile, the selenium-enriched rice grains have significantly higher antioxidant bioactivities. In conclusion, this selenium-enriched rice has enormous potential for selenium supplementation in humans.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Biological Availability", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Selenious Acid", "01 natural sciences", "Antioxidants", "6. Clean water", "Selenium", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Digestion", "Fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.095"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Food%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.095", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.095", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.05.095"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-06", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Atmospheric Co2 Concentration And Temperature On The Soil Profile Methane Distribution And Diffusion In Rice-Wheat Rotation System", "description": "The aim of this experiment was to determine the impacts of climate change on soil profile concentrations and diffusion effluxes of methane in a rice-wheat annual rotation ecosystem in Southeastern China. We initiated a field experiment with four treatments: ambient conditions (CKs), CO2 concentration elevated to ~500 \u03bcmol/mol (FACE), temperature elevated by ca. 2\u00b0C (T) and combined elevation of CO2 concentration and temperature (FACE+T). A multilevel sampling probe was designed to collect the soil gas at four different depths, namely, 7 cm, 15 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm. Methane concentrations were higher during the rice season and decreased with depth, while lower during the wheat season and increased with depth. Compared to CK, mean methane concentration was increased by 42%, 57% and 71% under the FACE, FACE+T and T treatments, respectively, at the 7 cm depth during the rice season (p<0.05). Mean methane diffusion effluxes to the 7 cm depth were positive in the rice season and negative in the wheat season, resulting in the paddy field being a source and weak sink, respectively. Moreover, mean methane diffusion effluxes in the rice season were 0.94, 1.19 and 1.42 mg C/(m2\u00b7hr) in the FACE, FACE+T and T treatments, respectively, being clearly higher than that in the CK. The results indicated that elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature could significantly increase soil profile methane concentrations and their effluxes from a rice-wheat field annual rotation ecosystem (p<0.05).", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Air", "Climate Change", "Temperature", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Triticum", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jes.2014.11.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jfca.2013.06.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-22", "title": "Soil And Foliar Application Of Selenium In Rice Biofortification", "description": "Abstract Selenium (Se) is essential for humans and animals because of its antioxidant properties, which form part of a series of chemical reactions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different Se application forms and sources on rice growth, grain yield, and rice Se concentration and accumulation, as well the content of N, P, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn in rice grains. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with 4-dm 3 pots containing a sandy clay loam Red-Yellow Latosol. The experimental design was a completely randomized 2\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02 factorial scheme (two Se doses\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0two forms of Se application, soil or foliar\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0two Se sources, selenate or selenite), with five replicates. Selenium in rice plants was analyzed by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (TXRF). The results shows that soil selenate application was more effective for shoot dry matter production and grain Se accumulation than selenite. Foliar application of both selenate and selenite increased grain yield. This study provides useful information concerning agronomic biofortification of rice, showing that both soil and foliar Se application could be used for increasing Se content in edible parts, which could result in health benefits.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Pr\u00e1ticas hort\u00edcolas", "Nutrient contents", "Selenite", "Arroz - Teor de nutrientes", "Composi\u00e7\u00e3o alimentar", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oryza sativa", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Arroz - Biofortifica\u00e7\u00e3o", "Rice - Biofortification", "Selenate", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2013.06.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Food%20Composition%20and%20Analysis", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jfca.2013.06.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jfca.2013.06.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jfca.2013.06.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-22", "title": "A Three-Year Experiment Confirms Continuous Immobilization Of Cadmium And Lead In Contaminated Paddy Field With Biochar Amendment", "description": "Heavy metal contamination in croplands has been a serious concern because of its high health risk through soil-food chain transfer. A field experiment was conducted in 2010-2012 in a contaminated rice paddy in southern China to determine if bioavailability of soil Cd and Pb could be reduced while grain yield was sustained over 3 years after a single soil amendment of wheat straw biochar. Contaminated biochar particles were separated from the biochar amended soil and microscopically analyzed to help determine where, and how, metals were immobilized with biochar. Biochar soil amendment (BSA) consistently and significantly increased soil pH, total organic carbon and decreased soil extractable Cd and Pb over the 3 year period. While rice plant tissues' Cd content was significantly reduced, depending on biochar application rate, reduction in plant Pb concentration was found only in root tissue. Analysis of the fresh and contaminated biochar particles indicated that Cd and Pb had probably been bonded with the mineral phases of Al, Fe and P on and around and inside the contaminated biochar particle. Immobilization of the Pb and Cd also occurred to cation exchange on the porous carbon structure.", "keywords": ["China", "anzsrc-for: 4105 Pollution and Contamination", "Soil remediation", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "4102 Ecological Applications", "Aged biochar", "02 engineering and technology", "41 Environmental Sciences", "01 natural sciences", "630", "anzsrc-for: 41 Environmental Sciences", "4105 Pollution and Contamination", "anzsrc-for: 40 Engineering", "Soil", "anzsrc-for: 34 Chemical sciences", "Metals", " Heavy", "Soil Pollutants", "Biomass", "Organic Chemicals", "anzsrc-for: 03 Chemical Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "anzsrc-for: 05 Environmental Sciences", "Oryza", "Heavy", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Heavy metal pollution", "anzsrc-for: 4102 Ecological Applications", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Biochar", "Lead", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "Rice paddy", "Adsorption", "anzsrc-for: 09 Engineering", "Cadmium"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hazardous%20Materials", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.03.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/es400554x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-24", "title": "Sewage Sludge Biochar Influence Upon Rice (Oryza Sativa L) Yield, Metal Bioaccumulation And Greenhouse Gas Emissions From Acidic Paddy Soil", "description": "Biochar addition to soil has been proposed to improve plant growth by increasing soil fertility, minimizing bioaccumulation of toxic metal(liod)s and mitigating climate change. Sewage sludge (SS) is an attractive, though potentially problematic, feedstock of biochar. It is attractive because of its large abundance; however, it contains elevated concentrations of metal(loid)s and other contaminants. The pyrolysis of SS to biochar (SSBC) may be a way to reduce the availability of these contaminants to the soil and plants. Using rice plant pot experiments, we investigated the influence of SSBC upon biomass yield, bioaccumulation of nutrients, and metal(loid)s, and green housegas (GHG) emissions. SSBC amendments increased soil pH, total nitrogen, soil organic carbon and available nutrients and decreased bioavailable As, Cr, Co, Ni, and Pb (but not Cd, Cu, and Zn). Regarding rice plant properties, SSBC amendments significantly (P \u2264 0.01) increased shoot biomass (71.3-92.2%), grain yield (148.8-175.1%), and the bioaccumulation of phosphorus and sodium, though decreased the bioaccumulation of nitrogen (except in grain) and potassium. Amendments of SSBC significantly (P \u2264 0.05) reduced the bioaccumulation of As, Cr, Co, Cu, Ni, and Pb, but increased that of Cd and Zn, though not above limits set by Chinese regulations. Finally regarding GHG emissions, SSBC significantly (P < 0.01) reduced N2O emissions and stimulated the uptake/oxidation of CH4 enough to make both the cultivated and uncultivated paddy soil a CH4 sink. SSBC can be beneficial in rice paddy soil but the actual associated benefits will depend on site-specific conditions and source of SS; long-term effects remain a further unknown.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Sewage", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Gases", "Acids", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/es400554x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/es400554x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/es400554x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/es400554x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-08-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-11-19", "title": "Effects Of Water Regime During Rice-Growing Season On Annual Direct N2o Emission In A Paddy Rice-Winter Wheat Rotation System In Southeast China", "description": "Annual paddy rice-winter wheat rotation constitutes one of the typical cropping systems in southeast China, in which various water regimes are currently practiced during the rice-growing season, including continuous flooding (F), flooding-midseason drainage-reflooding (F-D-F), and flooding-midseason drainage-reflooding and moisture but without waterlogging (F-D-F-M). We conducted a field experiment in a rice-winter wheat rotation system to gain an insight into the water regime-specific emission factors and background emissions of nitrous oxide (N(2)O) over the whole annual cycle. While flooding led to an unpronounced N(2)O emission during the rice-growing season, it incurred substantial N(2)O emission during the following non-rice season. During the non-rice season, N(2)O fluxes were, on average, 2.61 and 2.48 mg N(2)O-Nm(-)(2) day(-1) for the 250 kg N ha(-1) applied plots preceded by the F and F-D-F water regimes, which are 56% and 49% higher than those by the F-D-F-M water regime, respectively. For the annual rotation system experienced by continuous flooding during the rice-growing season, the relationship between N(2)O emission and nitrogen input predicted the emission factor and background emission of N(2)O to be 0.87% and 1.77 kg N(2)O-Nha(-1), respectively. For the plots experienced by the water regimes of F-D-F and F-D-F-M, the emission factors of N(2)O averaged 0.97% and 0.85%, with background N(2)O emissions of 2.00 kg N(2)O-Nha(-1) and 1.61 kg N(2)O-Nha(-1) for the annual rotation system, respectively. Annual direct N(2)O-N emission was estimated to be 98.1 Gg yr(-1) in Chinese rice-based cropping systems in the 1990s, consisting of 32.3 Gg during the rice-growing season and 65.8 Gg during the non-rice season, which accounts for 25-35% of the annual total emission from croplands in China.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Nitrogen Dioxide", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Floods", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Seasons", "Fertilizers", "Triticum", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.11.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.046", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-02", "title": "C And N Accumulations In Soil Aggregates Determine Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Cover Crop Treated Rice Paddy Soils During Fallow Season", "description": "Combination of leguminous and non-leguminous plant residues are preferably applied in rice paddy soils to increase the rate of organic matter mineralization and to improve plant growth. However, organic matter addition facilitates methane (CH4) emission from rice paddy soil. Mineralization of organic nitrogen (N) increases NO3-N concentrations in soil, which are precursors for the formation of nitrous oxide (N2O). However, N2O is a minor greenhouse gas emitted from submerged rice field and hence is not often considered during calculation of total global warming potential (GWP) during rice cultivation. The hypothesis of this study was that fluxes of N2O emissions might be changed after removal of flooded water from rice field and the effect of cover crops on N2O emissions in the fallow season might be interesting. However, the effects of N-rich plant residues on N2O emission rates in the fallow season and its effect on annual GWP were not studied before. In this experiment, combination of barley (non-leguminous) and hairy vetch (leguminous) biomasses were applied at 9 Mg ha(-1) and 27 Mg ha(-1) rates in rice paddy soil. Cover crop application significantly increased CH4 emission flux while decreased N2O emissions during rice cultivation. The lowest N2O emission was observed in 27 Mg ha(-1) cover crop treated plots. Cover crop applications increased N contents in soil aggregates especially in smaller aggregates (<250 \u03bcm), and that proportionately increased the N2O emission potentials of these soil aggregates. Fluxes of N2O emissions in the fallow season were influenced by the N2O emission potentials of soil aggregates and followed opposite trends as those observed during rice cultivation. Therefore, it could be concluded that the doses of cover crop applications for rice cultivation should not be optimized considering only CH4, but N2O should also be considered especially for fallow season to calculate total GWP.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.046"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.046", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.046", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.05.046"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-07", "title": "Effects Of Straw Incorporation Along With Microbial Inoculant On Methane And Nitrous Oxide Emissions From Rice Fields", "description": "Incorporation of straw together with microbial inoculant (a microorganism agent, accelerating straw decomposition) is being increasingly adopted in rice cultivation, thus its effect on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions merits serious attention. A 3-year field experiment was conducted from 2010 to 2012 to investigate combined effect of straw and microbial inoculant on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) in a rice field in Jurong, Jiangsu Province, China. The experiment was designed to have treatment NPK (N, P and K fertilizers only), treatment NPKS (NPK plus wheat straw), treatment NPKSR (NPKS plus Ruilaite microbial inoculant) and treatment NPKSJ (NPKS plus Jinkuizi microbial inoculant). Results show that compared to NPK, NPKS increased seasonal CH4 emission by 280-1370%, while decreasing N2O emission by 7-13%. When compared with NPKS, NPKSR and NPKSJ increased seasonal CH4 emission by 7-13% and 6-12%, respectively, whereas reduced N2O emission by 10-27% and 9-24%, respectively. The higher CH4 emission could be attributed to the higher soil CH4 production potential triggered by the combined application of straw and microbial inoculant, and the lower N2O emission to the decreased inorganic N content. As a whole, the benefit of lower N2O emission was completely offset by increased CH4 emission, resulting in a higher GWP for NPKSR (5-12%) and NPKSJ (5-11%) relative to NPKS. Due to NPKSR and NPKSJ increased rice grain yield by 3-6% and 2-4% compared to NPKS, the GHGI values for NPKS, NPKSR and NPKSJ were comparable. These findings suggest that incorporating straw together with microbial inoculant would not influence the radiative forcing of rice production in the terms of per unit of rice grain yield relative to the incorporation of straw alone.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Agricultural Inoculants", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "7. Clean energy", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "Air Pollution", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.02.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.135", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-27", "title": "Biochar Decreased Microbial Metabolic Quotient And Shifted Community Composition Four Years After A Single Incorporation In A Slightly Acid Rice Paddy From Southwest China", "description": "While numerous studies both in laboratory and field have showed short term impacts of biochar on soil microbial community, there have been comparatively few reports addressing its long term impacts particular in field condition. This study investigated the changes of microbial community activity and composition in a rice paddy four years after a single incorporation of biochar at 20 and 40t/ha. The results indicated that biochar amendment after four years increased soil pH, soil organic C (SOC), total N and C/N ratio and decreased bulk density, particularly for the 40t/ha treatment compared to the control (0t/ha). Though no significant difference was observed in soil basal respiration, biochar amendment increased soil microbial biomass C and resulted in a significantly lower metabolic quotient. Besides, dehydrogenase and \u03b2-glucosidase activities were significantly decreased under biochar amendment relative to the control. The results of Illumina Miseq sequencing showed that biochar increased \u03b1-diversity of bacteria but decreased that of fungi and changed both bacterial and fungal community structures significantly. Biochar did not change the relative abundances of majority of bacteria at phylum level with the exception of a significant reduction of Actinobacteria, but significantly changed most of bacterial groups at genus level, particularly at 40t/ha. In contrast, biochar significantly decreased the relative abundances of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota by 11% and 66% and increased the relative abundances of Zygomycota by 147% at 40t/ha compared to the non-amended soil. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that biochar induced changes in soil chemical properties, such as pH, SOC and C/N, were important factors driving community composition shifts. This study suggested that biochar amendment may increase microbial C use efficiency and reduce some microorganisms that are capable of decomposing more recalcitrant soil C, which may help stabilization of soil organic matter in paddy soil in long term.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Microbiota", "Fungi", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Bacterial Physiological Phenomena", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Seasons", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.135"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.135", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.135", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.135"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-23", "title": "Biochar But Not Earthworms Enhances Rice Growth Through Increased Protein Turnover", "description": "The aim of this work was to compare the effects of biochar and earthworms on rice growth and to investigate the possible interactions between both. In addition to classic macroscopic variables we also monitored some leaf-level cellular processes involved in protein turnover. Both biochar and earthworms significantly increased shoot biomass production. However, biochar had a higher effect on the number of leaves (\u00fe87%) and earthworms on leaf area (\u00fe89%). Biochar also significantly increased the leaf turnover. At the cellular level, biochar but not earthworms enhanced protein catabolism by an increase in leaf proteolytic activities. This could be related to the increased expression of three of the six genes tested related to protein catabolism, one serine protease gene OsSP2 (\u00fe24%), one aspartic acid protease gene, Oryzasin (\u00fe162%) and one cysteine protease gene OsCatB (\u00fe257%). Furthermore, biochar also enhanced the expression level of two genes linked to protein anabolism, coding for the small and large subunits of rubisco (\u00fe33% and \u00fe30%, for rbcS and rbcL, respectively), the most abundant protein in leaves. In conclusion, our data gives evidence that biochar increased rice biomass production through increased leaf protein turnover (both catabolism and anabolism) whereas earthworms also increased rice biomass production but not through changes in the rate of protein turnover. We hypothesize that earthworms increase nitrogen uptake at a low cost for the plant through a simultaneous increase in mineralization rate and root biomass, probably through the release in the soil of plant growth factors. This could allow plants to accumulate more biomass without an increase in nitrogen metabolism at the leaf level, and without having to support the consecutive energy cost that must bear plants in the biochar treatment. 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "earthworms", "FAUNE DU SOL", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "AZOTE", "PROTEINE", "CROISSANCE", "ETUDE COMPARATIVE", "lombriz de tierra", "2. Zero hunger", "BIOMASSE", "BIOCHAR", "biomass", "carbon", "microbiology", "MACROFAUNE", "CHARBON DE BOIS", "carbono", "RIZICULTURE", "biomasa", "oryza sativa", "METABOLISME", "FERTILISATION DU SOL", "carb\u00f3n vegetal", "LOMBRIC", "FEUILLE", "charcoal"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kam-Rigne Laossi, Juan Andr\u00e9s Cardoso, Patrick Lavelle, Patrick Lavelle, Diana Cristina Noguera, Diana Cristina Noguera, Diana Cristina Noguera, M.H. Cruz de Carvalho, S\u00e9bastien Barot,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2012.04.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-08", "title": "Storage And Forms Of Organic Carbon In A No-Tillage Under Cover Crops System On Clayey Oxisol In Dryland Rice Production (Cerrados, Brazil)", "description": "The management and enhancement of soil organic carbon (SOC) is very important for agriculture (fertility) as well as for the environment (carbon (C) sequestration). Consequently, changes in soil management may alter SOC content. No-tillage (NT) practices are potential ways to increase SOC. We studied the SOC from agricultural soils in the Cerrados in Central Brazil. We compared two different tillage systems: conservation agriculture with no-tillage under cover crops (NT) and disc tillage (DT) for 5 years in a context of rainfed rice production. The soil is a dark red oxisol with high clay content (about 40%). The objectives of the study were: (i) to evaluate the short-term (5 years) impact of tillage systems on SOC stocks in an oxisol and (ii) to better understand the dynamics of SOC in different fractions of this soil. We first studied the initial situation in 1998, and compared it to the 2003 situation. NT with cover crop (Crotalaria) was found to increase the storage of C in the topsoil layer (0-10 cm) compared to DT. The difference observed for the 0-10 cm layer under NT in comparison with DT represented C enrichment under no-tillage amounting to 0.35 Mg C ha-1 year-1 and corresponding to less than 10% of cover crops residues returned to the soil. A particle-size fractionation of soil organic matter (SOM) showed that differences in total SOC between NT and DT mainly affected the 0-2 \u00b5m fraction and, to a smaller extent the 2-20 \u00b5m fraction. This specific enrichment of SOC in the silt and clay fraction was attributed to (i) the storage of a water soluble C in the field and (ii) the effect of soil biota and especially fauna activity. The mean residence time of carbon associated with the fine fractions being rather long, it might be assumed that the preferential storage in fine fractions resulted in a long-term carbon storage. This study suggests a positive short-term effect of a no-tillage system on C sequestration in an oxisol. \u00a9 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2858", "Oryza sativa", "fractionnement", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "SOIL ORGANIC CARBON", "01 natural sciences", "630", "CERRADOS", "PARTICLE-SIZE FRACTIONATION OF SOM", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "culture sous couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal", "no tillage", "OXISOL", "ferralsol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8511", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "F07 - Fa\u00e7ons culturales", "2. Zero hunger", "Cerrados", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1977", "non-travail du sol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "particle size fractionation of SOM", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3074", "oxisol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1070", "13. Climate action", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_25706", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5438", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "NO-TILLAGE", "Crotalaria", "carbone", "Brazil", "RIZ", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2006.07.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2006.07.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2006.07.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.est.4c01519", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-06-04", "title": "Iron Oxyhydroxide Transformation in a Flooded Rice Paddy Field and the Effect of Adsorbed Phosphate", "description": "Open AccessISSN:0013-936X", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Iron", "iron reduction", "Oryza", "15. Life on land", "Ferric Compounds", "ferrihydrite", "6. Clean water", "Phosphates", "Mossbauer", "Soil", "Spectroscopy", " Mossbauer", "Fe(II)-catalyzed", "lepidocrocite", "13. Climate action", "microsite", "Adsorption", "isotope", "Oxidation-Reduction"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.4c01519"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.4c01519"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.est.4c01519", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.est.4c01519", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.est.4c01519"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/acs.jafc.5c02128", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-03-27", "title": "Enhancing Zinc Bioavailability in Rice Using the Novel Synthetic Siderophore Ligand Proline-2\u2032-Deoxymugineic Acid (PDMA): Critical Insights from Metal Binding Studies and Geochemical Speciation Modeling", "description": "Bioavailable ligands that bind metals mediate their uptake in plants, leading to the study of artificial ligands as potential fertilizers. Proline-2'-deoxymugineic acid (PDMA) has shown a high affinity for FeIII, enhancing iron uptake in rice and suggesting that it could be used for improving zinc uptake. This work studied chemical solution parameters, i.e., redox potential, ion strength, pH, and ligand/metal concentrations controlling ZnII-PDMA complex formation in rice-producing soils using geochemical speciation modeling. We show that PDMA is generally selective for ZnII in reducing, saline, and alkaline soil solutions. Comparison with a recent micronutrient uptake study in rice suggests that free PDMA should be added in reducing conditions to avoid competition with CuII and FeIII or as the ZnII-PDMA complex at pH below 9. The Zn/M ratios (M = CuII, FeIII) needed to form stable ZnII-PDMA complexes were also identified. This study shows the promise of PDMA as a fertilizer to overcome zinc deficiencies in alkaline and flooded soils.", "keywords": ["Zinc", "Soil", "Proline", "Iron", "Siderophores", "Biological Availability", "Oryza", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Ligands", "Fertilizers", "Azetidinecarboxylic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c02128"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20and%20Food%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/acs.jafc.5c02128", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/acs.jafc.5c02128", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/acs.jafc.5c02128"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/jf0201374", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-09-17", "title": "Determination Of Selenium Concentration Of Rice In China And Effect Of Fertilization Of Selenite And Selenate On Selenium Content Of Rice", "description": "A method of hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry was applied to the determination of the selenium concentration of regular polished rice in China and selenium-enriched polished rice obtained by foliar application of selenium-enriched fertilizer in the forms of selenite and selenate. The average selenium content of regular rice was 0.025 +/- 0.011 microg g(-)(1). On the basis of a daily dietary rice intake of 300-500 g suggested by the China Nutrition Society, the total selenium intake from regular rice was calculated to be 7.5-12.5 microg per person per day for an adult. The selenium contents of rice were significantly increased to 0.471-0.640 microg g(-)(1) by foliar application of selenium-enriched fertilizer at rate of 20 g of Se ha(-)(1) in the forms of sodium selenite and sodium selenate. The selenium content of rice by application of a fertilizer of selenate was 35.9% higher than that by a fertilizer of selenite, which showed that Se-enriched fertilizer in selenate exhibited greater efficiency in increasing Se content in rice products. The Se-enriched rice products can increase daily Se intake on average by 100-200 microg of Se per day by the consumption of 400 g of rice products if the Se level of rice products is controlled at 0.3-0.5 microg of Se g(-)(1). Because rice is a staple food in China, selenium-enriched rice obtained by bioenrichment of selenium to increase the Se content of rice could be a good selenium source for the population in selenium-deficient regions.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "0303 health sciences", "Oryza", "Selenic Acid", "Sensitivity and Specificity", "Diet", "Selenium", "03 medical and health sciences", "Sodium Selenite", "Humans", "Fertilizers", "Selenium Compounds"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Juan Xu, Licheng Chen, Fangmei Yang, Yanling Zhang, Qiuhui Hu, Yun Hu, Genxing Pan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0201374"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20and%20Food%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/jf0201374", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/jf0201374", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/jf0201374"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/jf1026185", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-10-21", "title": "Selenium Speciation In Soil And Rice: Influence Of Water Management And Se Fertilization", "description": "Rice (Oryza sativa) is the staple food for half of the world's population, but the selenium (Se) concentrations in rice grain are low in many rice-growing regions. This study investigated the effects of water management on the Se speciation dynamics in the soil solution and Se uptake and speciation in rice in a pot experiment. A control containing no Se or 0.5 mg kg(-1) of soil of selenite or selenate was added to the soil, and plants were grown under aerobic or flooded conditions. Flooding soil increased soluble Se concentration when no Se or selenite was added to the soil, but decreased it markedly when selenate was added. Selenate was the main species in the +selenate treatment, whereas selenite and selenomethionine selenium oxide were detected in the flooded soil solutions of the control and +selenite treatments. Grain Se concentration was 49% higher in the flooded than in the aerobic treatments without Se addition. In contrast, when selenate or selenite was added, the aerobically grown rice contained 25- and 2-fold, respectively, more Se in grain than the anaerobically grown rice. Analysis of Se in rice grain using enzymatic hydrolysis followed by HPLC-ICP-MS and in situ X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) showed selenomethionine to be the predominant Se species. The study showed that selenate addition to aerobic soil was the most effective way to increase Se concentration in rice grain.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Water", "Oryza", "1600 Chemistry", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Floods", "6. Clean water", "1100 Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Selenium", "Soil", "Fertilizers", "Selenium Compounds", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jf1026185"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20and%20Food%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/jf1026185", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/jf1026185", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/jf1026185"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1021/jf3005788", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-25", "title": "Selenate-Enriched Urea Granules Are A Highly Effective Fertilizer For Selenium Biofortification Of Paddy Rice Grain", "description": "This study examined the effects of applied selenium (Se) species, time of application, method of application, and soil water management regimen on the accumulation of Se in rice plants. Plants were grown to maturity in a temperature- and humidity-controlled growth chamber using three water management methods: field capacity (FC), submerged until harvest, and submerged and drained 2 weeks before harvest. Two Se species, selenate (SeO4(2-)) and selenite (SeO3(2-)), were applied at a rate equivalent to 30 g ha(-1). Four application methods were employed as follows: (i) Se applied at soil preparation, (ii) Se-enriched urea granules applied to floodwater at heading; (iii) foliar Se applied at heading; and (iv) fluid fertilizer Se applied to soil or floodwater at heading. Total Se concentrations in rice grains, husks, leaves, culms, and roots were measured, as well as Se speciation in grains from the Se-enriched urea granule treatment. Highest Se concentrations in the grain occurred with SeO4(2-) and with fertilizer applied at heading stage; SeO4(2-)-enriched urea granules applied at heading increased grain Se concentrations 5-6-fold (by 450-600 \u03bcg kg(-1)) compared to the control (no fertilizer Se applied) in all water treatments. Under paddy conditions other Se fertilization strategies were much less effective. Drainage before harvesting caused Se to accumulate in/on rice roots, possibly through adsorption onto iron plaque on roots. Rice grains contained Se mainly in the organic form as selenomethionine (SeM), which comprised >90% of the total grain Se in treatments fertilized with SeO4(2-)-enriched urea granules. The results of this study clearly show that of the fertilizer strategies tested biofortification of Se in rice grains can best be achieved in lowland rice by broadcast application of SeO4(2-)-enriched urea granules to floodwater at heading stage.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "selenate", "Selenic Acid", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Selenate", "biofortification", "Selenium", "Soil", "Fertilizer", "Urea", "selenium", "Fertilizers", "Selenomethionine", "Se enriched urea", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "rice", "Water", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "fertilizer", "6. Clean water", "Plant Leaves", "Se-enriched urea", "Selenite", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Rice", "selenite", "Biofortification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1021/jf3005788"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Agricultural%20and%20Food%20Chemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1021/jf3005788", "name": "item", "description": "10.1021/jf3005788", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1021/jf3005788"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/b:egah.0000039597.75201.57", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-08-27", "title": "Effects Of The Interactions Between Selenium And Phosphorus On The Growth And Selenium Accumulation In Rice (Oryza Sativa)", "description": "The solution culture, paddy soil culture and the simulation experiments in the laboratory were conducted to clarify the interactions between selenium and phosphorus, and its effects on the growth and selenium accumulation in rice. Results revealed that a suitable supply of selenium could promote rice growth and excessive selenium could injure rice plant, causing lower biomass, especially in the roots. The supply of selenite could enhance the selenium contents of rice shoots and roots in solution culture and in soil culture. The selenium concentrations in roots were much higher than those in shoots supplied with the same rates of selenium and phosphorus. The interaction between selenium and phosphorus was evident. When the phosphorus supply increased to meet the needs of plant growth, phosphorus could promote absorption and accumulation of selenium in the shoots. If the phosphorus supply was excessive, phosphorus could inhibit the accumulation of selenium in the shoots at the lower selenite level (2 micromol l(-1)), but could not at the higher selenite level (10 micromol l(-1)). With the supply of phosphate increased, the selenium concentrations in the roots decreased significantly at both selenite levels. The presence of phosphate could decrease Se sorption on the soil surface and increase the selenium concentration in the soil solution. The concentrations of selenium in shoots and roots supplied with 0.08 g kg(-1) phosphorus were lower than those with no phosphorus supplied. With the increase of phosphorus added to 0.4 g kg(-1), the selenium concentration in shoots and roots increased. The effect of phosphorus on the concentration was statistically significant at all three selenium levels.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Selenium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oryza", "Phosphorus", "Biomass", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Absorption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dan Wang, Xinru Jiang, Qinghe Liu, Zongwei Cao,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/b:egah.0000039597.75201.57"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Geochemistry%20and%20Health", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/b:egah.0000039597.75201.57", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/b:egah.0000039597.75201.57", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/b:egah.0000039597.75201.57"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-019-12946-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-01", "title": "Rice production threatened by coupled stresses of climate and soil arsenic", "description": "AbstractProjections of global\uffc2\uffa0rice yields\uffc2\uffa0account for climate change. They do not, however, consider the coupled stresses of impending climate change and arsenic in paddy soils. Here, we show in a greenhouse study that future conditions cause a greater proportion of pore-water arsenite, the more toxic form of arsenic, in the rhizosphere of Californian Oryza sativa L. variety M206, grown on Californian paddy soil. As a result, grain yields decrease by 39% compared to yields at today\uffe2\uff80\uff99s arsenic soil concentrations. In addition, future climatic conditions cause a nearly twofold increase of grain inorganic arsenic concentrations. Our findings indicate that climate-induced changes in soil arsenic behaviour and plant response will lead to currently unforeseen losses in rice grain productivity and quality. Pursuing rice varieties and crop management practices that alleviate the coupled stresses of soil arsenic and change in climatic factors are needed to overcome the currently impending food crisis.Alfalfa is a good green manure source, but its effect on rice growth has not been fully elucidated. Two green manure species, alfalfa and broad bean (Vicia faba L.), and two N fertilizer levels, alone or combination, were applied to a rice field. The results indicated that alfalfa had more pronounced effects on increasing soil labile phosphorus (P) fractions (including NaHCO3-Pi, NaOH-Pi), P uptake and soil enzyme activities (dehydrogenase, urease, acid phosphatase and \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase) than broad bean and N fertilizer. The transformation of NaHCO3-Po to labile P regulated by alfalfa played a significant direct and indirect effect on grain yield. Although a much lower N input from alfalfa addition, a similar grain yield with N fertilizer treatment was achieved, and the integration of alfalfa with N fertilizer produced the highest grain yield and P availability, which was associated with the highest urease, acid phosphatase and \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase activity in soil. These results indicate that alfalfa green manure had a great ability of increasing grain yield through enhancing P availability in rice paddy, which could give us a way to reduce N fertilizer application by enhancing P availability.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Vicia faba", "Manure", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Medicago sativa"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiaoye Gao, Shili Yuan, Dongyan Shi, Yuan An, Aimin Lv, Peng Zhou, Shengyin Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36981"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep36981", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep36981", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep36981"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/srep37402", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-11-21", "title": "Mitigating Effects Of Ex Situ Application Of Rice Straw On Ch4 And N2o Emissions From Paddy-Upland Coexisting System", "description": "AbstractThe in situ application of rice straw enhances CH4 emissions by a large margin. The ex situ application of rice straw in uplands, however, may mitigate total global warming potential (GWP) of CH4 and N2O emissions from paddy-upland coexisting systems. To evaluate the efficiency of this practice, two field trials were conducted in rice-rice-fallow and maize-rape cropping systems, respectively. Year-round measurements of CH4 and N2O emissions were conducted to evaluate the system-scaled GWP. The results showed that CH4 accounted for more than 98% of GWP in paddy. Straw removal from paddy decreased 44.7% (302.1\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) of CH4 emissions and 51.2% (0.31\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) of N2O emissions, thus decreased 44.8% (7693\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg CO2-eqv ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) of annual GWP. N2O accounted for almost 100% of GWP in upland. Straw application in upland had insignificant effects on CH4 and N2O emissions, which increased GWP only by 91\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg CO2-eqv ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. So, the transfer of straw from paddy to upland could decrease GWP by 7602\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg CO2-eqv ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Moreover, straw retention during late rice season contributed to 88.2% of annual GWP increment. It is recommended to transfer early rice straw to upland considering GWP mitigation, nutrient recycling and labor cost.
", "keywords": ["Waste Products", "2. Zero hunger", "Rain", "Nitrous Oxide", "Temperature", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xiaohong Wu, Xiaoli Xie, Wei Wang, Anlei Chen, Chunmei Yin, Yunqiu Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37402"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/srep37402", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/srep37402", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/srep37402"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2006.0501", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-17", "title": "Methane Oxidation In An Intensively Cropped Tropical Rice Field Soil Under Long-Term Application Of Organic And Mineral Fertilizers", "description": "AbstractMethane (CH4) oxidation is the only known biological sink process for mitigating atmospheric and terrestrial emissions of CH4, a major greenhouse gas. Methane oxidation in an alluvial soil planted to rice (Oryza sativaL.) under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term application of organic (compost with a C/N ratio of 21.71), and mineral fertilizers was measured in a field\uffe2\uff80\uff90cum\uffe2\uff80\uff90laboratory incubation study. Oxidation rates were quantified in terms of decrease in the concentration of CH4in the headspace of incubation vessels and expressed as half\uffe2\uff80\uff90life (t\uffc2\uffbd) values. Methane oxidation rates significantly differed among the treatments and growth stages of the rice crop. Methane oxidation rates were high at the maximum tillering and maturity stages, whereas they were low at grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90filling stage. Methane oxidation was low (t\uffc2\uffbd= 15.76 d) when provided with low concentration of CH4On the contrary, high concentration of CH4resulted in faster oxidation (t\uffc2\uffbd= 6.67 d), suggesting the predominance of \uffe2\uff80\uff9clow affinity oxidation\uffe2\uff80\uff9d in rice fields. Methane oxidation was stimulated following the application of mineral fertilizers or compost implicating nutrient limitation as one of the factors affecting the process. Combined application of compost and mineral fertilizer, however, inhibited CH4oxidation probably due to N immobilization by the added compost. The positive effect of mineral fertilizer on CH4oxidation rate was evident only at high CH4concentration (t\uffc2\uffbd= 4.80 d), while at low CH4concentration their was considerable suppression (t\uffc2\uffbd= 17.60 d). Further research may reveal that long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term application of fertilizers, organic or inorganic, may not inhibit CH4oxidation.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Tropical Climate", "Time Factors", "Chemical Phenomena", "Chemistry", " Physical", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Food", " Organic", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Methane", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0501"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2006.0501", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2006.0501", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2006.0501"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12701", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-06", "title": "Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Water Use, And Grain Arsenic Levels In Rice Systems", "description": "AbstractAgriculture is faced with the challenge of providing healthy food for a growing population at minimal environmental cost. Rice (Oryza sativa), the staple crop for the largest number of people on earth, is grown under flooded soil conditions and uses more water and has higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than most crops. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that alternate wetting and drying (AWD \uffe2\uff80\uff93 flooding the soil and then allowing to dry down before being reflooded) water management practices will maintain grain yields and concurrently reduce water use, greenhouse gas emissions and arsenic (As) levels in rice. Various treatments ranging in frequency and duration of AWD practices were evaluated at three locations over 2\uffc2\uffa0years. Relative to the flooded control treatment and depending on the AWD treatment, yields were reduced by <1\uffe2\uff80\uff9313%; water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency was improved by 18\uffe2\uff80\uff9363%, global warming potential (GWP of CH4 and N2O emissions) reduced by 45\uffe2\uff80\uff9390%, and grain As concentrations reduced by up to 64%. In general, as the severity of AWD increased by allowing the soil to dry out more between flood events, yields declined while the other benefits increased. The reduction in GWP was mostly attributed to a reduction in CH4 emissions as changes in N2O emissions were minimal among treatments. When AWD was practiced early in the growing season followed by flooding for remainder of season, similar yields as the flooded control were obtained but reduced water use (18%), GWP (45%) and yield\uffe2\uff80\uff90scaled GWP (45%); although grain As concentrations were similar or higher. This highlights that multiple environmental benefits can be realized without sacrificing yield but there may be trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs to consider. Importantly, adoption of these practices will require that they are economically attractive and can be adapted to field scales.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Arkansas", "Models", " Statistical", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Arsenic", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "Seeds", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12701"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12701", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12701", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12701"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.2201072119", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-18", "title": "Ethylene inhibits rice root elongation in compacted soil via ABA- and auxin-mediated mechanisms", "description": "Soil compaction represents a major agronomic challenge, inhibiting root elongation and impacting crop yields. Roots use ethylene to sense soil compaction as the restricted air space causes this gaseous signal to accumulate around root tips. Ethylene inhibits root elongation and promotes radial expansion in compacted soil, but its mechanistic basis remains unclear. Here, we report that ethylene promotes abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and cortical cell radial expansion. Rice mutants of ABA biosynthetic genes had attenuated cortical cell radial expansion in compacted soil, leading to better penetration. Soil compaction-induced ethylene also up-regulates the auxin biosynthesis gene OsYUC8 . Mutants lacking OsYUC8 are better able to penetrate compacted soil. The auxin influx transporter OsAUX1 is also required to mobilize auxin from the root tip to the elongation zone during a root compaction response. Moreover, osaux1 mutants penetrate compacted soil better than the wild-type roots and do not exhibit cortical cell radial expansion. We conclude that ethylene uses auxin and ABA as downstream signals to modify rice root cell elongation and radial expansion, causing root tips to swell and reducing their ability to penetrate compacted soil. Methane from global rice cultivation currently accounts for one-half of all crop-related greenhouse gas emissions. Several international organizations are advocating reductions in methane emissions from rice by promoting intermittent flooding without accounting for the possibility of large emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), a long-lived greenhouse gas. Our experimental results suggest that the Indian subcontinent\uffe2\uff80\uff99s N 2 O emissions from intermittently flooded rice fields could be 30\uffe2\uff80\uff9345 times higher than reported under continuous flooding. Net climate impacts of rice cultivation could be reduced by up to 90% through comanagement of water, nitrogen, and carbon. To do this effectively will require a careful ongoing global assessment of N 2 O emissions from rice, or we will risk ignoring a very large source of climate impact.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrous oxide", "550", "Climate Change", "Nitrous Oxide", "Water", "India", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "Crop Production", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Greenhouse Gases", "Alternate wetting and drying", "Water Supply", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Rice", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1809276115"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.1809276115", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.1809276115", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.1809276115"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Oryza&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Oryza&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Oryza&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Oryza&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 104, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-25T12:13:56.493647Z"}