Rice (Oryza sativa L.) and many other wetland plants form an apoplastic barrier in the outer parts of the roots to restrict radial O2 loss to the rhizosphere during soil flooding. This barrier facilitates longitudinal internal O2 diffusion via gas-filled tissues from shoot to root apices, enabling root growth in anoxic soils. We tested the hypothesis that Leaf Gas Film 1 (LGF1), which influences leaf hydrophobicity in rice, plays a crucial role in tight outer apoplastic barrier formation in rice roots. We examined the roots of a rice mutant (dripping wet leaf 7, drp7) lacking functional LGF1, its wild type, and an LGF1 overexpression line for their capacity to develop outer apoplastic barriers that restrict radial O2 loss. We quantified the chemical composition of the outer part of the root and measured radial O2 diffusion from intact roots. The drp7 mutant exhibited a weak barrier to radial O2 loss compared to the wild type. However, introducing functional LGF1 into the mutant fully restored tight barrier function. The formation of a tight barrier to radial O2 loss was associated with increased glycerol ester levels in exodermal cells, rather than differences in total root suberization or lignification. These results demonstrate that, in addition to its role in leaf hydrophobicity regulation, LGF1 plays an important role in controlling the function of the outer apoplastic barriers in roots. Our study suggests that increased deposition of glycerol esters in the suberized root exodermis establishes a tight barrier to radial O2 loss in rice roots.Breeding high\uffe2\uff80\uff90yielding rice cultivars through increasing biomass is a key strategy to meet rising global food demands. Yet, increasing rice growth can stimulate methane (CH4) emissions, exacerbating global climate change, as rice cultivation is a major source of this powerful greenhouse gas. Here, we show in a series of experiments that high\uffe2\uff80\uff90yielding rice cultivars actually reduce CH4 emissions from typical paddy soils. Averaged across 33 rice cultivars, a biomass increase of 10% resulted in a 10.3% decrease in CH4 emissions in a soil with a high carbon (C) content. Compared to a low\uffe2\uff80\uff90yielding cultivar, a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90yielding cultivar significantly increased root porosity and the abundance of methane\uffe2\uff80\uff90consuming microorganisms, suggesting that the larger and more porous root systems of high\uffe2\uff80\uff90yielding cultivars facilitated CH4 oxidation by promoting O2 transport to soils. Our results were further supported by a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis, showing that high\uffe2\uff80\uff90yielding rice cultivars strongly decrease CH4 emissions from paddy soils with high organic C contents. Based on our results, increasing rice biomass by 10% could reduce annual CH4 emissions from Chinese rice agriculture by 7.1%. Our findings suggest that modern rice breeding strategies for high\uffe2\uff80\uff90yielding cultivars can substantially mitigate paddy CH4 emission in China and other rice growing regions.
", "keywords": ["roots", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "methanogenesis", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "Carbon", "meta-analysis", "Greenhouse Gases", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "methanotrophy", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "soil carbon", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13737"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13737", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13737", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13737"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12347", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-08-08", "title": "Assessing The Performance Of The Photo-Acoustic Infrared Gas Monitor For Measuring Co2, N2o, And Ch4 Fluxes In Two Major Cereal Rotations", "description": "AbstractRapid, precise, and globally comparable methods for monitoring greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes are required for accurate GHG inventories from different cropping systems and management practices. Manual gas sampling followed by gas chromatography (GC) is widely used for measuring GHG fluxes in agricultural fields, but is laborious and time\uffe2\uff80\uff90consuming. The photo\uffe2\uff80\uff90acoustic infrared gas monitoring system (PAS) with on\uffe2\uff80\uff90line gas sampling is an attractive option, although it has not been evaluated for measuring GHG fluxes in cereals in general and rice in particular. We compared N2O, CO2, and CH4 fluxes measured by GC and PAS from agricultural fields under the rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat and maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat systems during the wheat (winter), and maize/rice (monsoon) seasons in Haryana, India. All the PAS readings were corrected for baseline drifts over time and PAS\uffe2\uff80\uff90CH4 (PCH4) readings in flooded rice were corrected for water vapor interferences. The PCH4 readings in ambient air increased by 2.3\uffc2\uffa0ppm for every 1000\uffc2\uffa0mg\uffc2\uffa0cm\uffe2\uff88\uff923 increase in water vapor. The daily CO2, N2O, and CH4 fluxes measured by GC and PAS from the same chamber were not different in 93\uffe2\uff80\uff9398% of all the measurements made but the PAS exhibited greater precision for estimates of CO2 and N2O fluxes in wheat and maize, and lower precision for CH4 flux in rice, than GC. The seasonal GC\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and PAS\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2O (PN2O) fluxes in wheat and maize were not different but the PAS\uffe2\uff80\uff90CO2 (PCO2) flux in wheat was 14\uffe2\uff80\uff9339% higher than that of GC. In flooded rice, the seasonal PCH4 and PN2O fluxes across N levels were higher than those of GC\uffe2\uff80\uff90CH4 and GC\uffe2\uff80\uff90N2O fluxes by about 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 4fold, respectively. The PAS (i) proved to be a suitable alternative to GC for N2O and CO2 flux measurements in wheat, and (ii) showed potential for obtaining accurate measurements of CH4 fluxes in flooded rice after making correction for changes in humidity.
", "keywords": ["Chromatography", " Gas", "Spectrophotometry", " Infrared", "Nitrous Oxide", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "greenhouse gases", "climate", "Triticum", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "cereals", "2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "nitrous oxide", "methane", "rice", "carbon dioxide", "Oryza", "Acoustics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "monitoring", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12347"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12347", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12347", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12347"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12701", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-06", "title": "Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Water Use, And Grain Arsenic Levels In Rice Systems", "description": "AbstractAgriculture is faced with the challenge of providing healthy food for a growing population at minimal environmental cost. Rice (Oryza sativa), the staple crop for the largest number of people on earth, is grown under flooded soil conditions and uses more water and has higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than most crops. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that alternate wetting and drying (AWD \uffe2\uff80\uff93 flooding the soil and then allowing to dry down before being reflooded) water management practices will maintain grain yields and concurrently reduce water use, greenhouse gas emissions and arsenic (As) levels in rice. Various treatments ranging in frequency and duration of AWD practices were evaluated at three locations over 2\uffc2\uffa0years. Relative to the flooded control treatment and depending on the AWD treatment, yields were reduced by <1\uffe2\uff80\uff9313%; water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency was improved by 18\uffe2\uff80\uff9363%, global warming potential (GWP of CH4 and N2O emissions) reduced by 45\uffe2\uff80\uff9390%, and grain As concentrations reduced by up to 64%. In general, as the severity of AWD increased by allowing the soil to dry out more between flood events, yields declined while the other benefits increased. The reduction in GWP was mostly attributed to a reduction in CH4 emissions as changes in N2O emissions were minimal among treatments. When AWD was practiced early in the growing season followed by flooding for remainder of season, similar yields as the flooded control were obtained but reduced water use (18%), GWP (45%) and yield\uffe2\uff80\uff90scaled GWP (45%); although grain As concentrations were similar or higher. This highlights that multiple environmental benefits can be realized without sacrificing yield but there may be trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90offs to consider. Importantly, adoption of these practices will require that they are economically attractive and can be adapted to field scales.
", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Arkansas", "Models", " Statistical", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Arsenic", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "Seeds", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12701"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12701", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12701", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12701"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12810", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-18", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Ozone Concentration On Ch4 And N2o Emission From Paddy Soil Under Fully Open-Air Field Conditions", "description": "AbstractWe investigated the effects of elevated ozone concentration (E\uffe2\uff80\uff90O3) on CH4 and N2O emission from paddies with two rice cultivars: an inbred Indica cultivar Yangdao 6 (YD6) and a hybrid one II\uffe2\uff80\uff90you 084 (IIY084), under fully open\uffe2\uff80\uff90air field conditions in China. A mean 26.7% enhancement of ozone concentration above the ambient level (A\uffe2\uff80\uff90O3) significantly reduced CH4 emission at tillering and flowering stages leading to a reduction of seasonal integral CH4 emission by 29.6% on average across the two cultivars. The reduced CH4 emission is associated with O3\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced reduction in the whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant biomass (\uffe2\uff88\uff9213.2%), root biomass (\uffe2\uff88\uff9234.7%), and maximum tiller number (\uffe2\uff88\uff9210.3%), all of which curbed the carbon supply for belowground CH4 production and its release from submerged soil to atmosphere. Although no significant difference was detected between the cultivars in the CH4 emission response to E\uffe2\uff80\uff90O3, a larger decrease in CH4 emission with IIY084 (\uffe2\uff88\uff9233.2%) than that with YD6 (\uffe2\uff88\uff927.0%) was observed at tillering stage, which may be due to the larger reduction in tiller number in IIY084 by E\uffe2\uff80\uff90O3. Additionally, E\uffe2\uff80\uff90O3 reduced seasonal mean NOx flux by 5.7% and 11.8% with IIY084 and YD6, respectively, but the effects were not significant statistically. We found that the relative response of CH4 emission to E\uffe2\uff80\uff90O3 was not significantly different from those reported in open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chamber experiments. This study has thus confirmed that increasing ozone concentration would mitigate the global warming potential of CH4 and suggested consideration of the feedback mechanism between ozone and its precursor emission into the projection of future ozone effects on terrestrial ecosystem.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "China", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "Ozone", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gang Liu, Haoye Tang, Haoye Tang, Kazuhiko Kobayashi, Jianguo Zhu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12810"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12810", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12810", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12810"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13065", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-17", "title": "Responses Of Wheat And Rice To Factorial Combinations Of Ambient And Elevated Co2 And Temperature In Face Experiments", "description": "AbstractElevated CO2 and temperature strongly affect crop production, but understanding of the crop response to combined CO2 and temperature increases under field conditions is still limited while data are scarce. We grew wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) under two levels of CO2 (ambient and enriched up to 500\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and two levels of canopy temperature (ambient and increased by 1.5\uffe2\uff80\uff932.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C) in free\uffe2\uff80\uff90air CO2 enrichment (FACE) systems and carried out a detailed growth and yield component analysis during two growing seasons for both crops. An increase in CO2 resulted in higher grain yield, whereas an increase in temperature reduced grain yield, in both crops. An increase in CO2 was unable to compensate for the negative impact of an increase in temperature on biomass and yield of wheat and rice. Yields of wheat and rice were decreased by 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9312% and 17\uffe2\uff80\uff9335%, respectively, under the combination of elevated CO2 and temperature. The number of filled grains per unit area was the most important yield component accounting for the effects of elevated CO2 and temperature in wheat and rice. Our data showed complex treatment effects on the interplay between preheading duration, nitrogen uptake, tillering, leaf area index, and radiation\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency, and thus on yield components and yield. Nitrogen uptake before heading was crucial in minimizing yield loss due to climate change in both crops. For rice, however, a breeding strategy to increase grain number per m2 and % filled grains (or to reduce spikelet sterility) at high temperature is also required to prevent yield reduction under conditions of global change.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Climate Change", "Photosynthesis parameters", "Temperature", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plant nitrogen status", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plant Components", " Aerial", "15. Life on land", "Radiation-use efficiency", "6. Clean water", "Yield components", "Free-air CO enrichment", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oryza sativa L.", "Biomass", "Photosynthesis", "Triticum aestivum L.", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13065"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13065", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13065", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13065"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-11-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.19112", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-29", "title": "Gold\u2010FISH enables targeted NanoSIMS analysis of plant\u2010associated bacteria", "description": "Summary
Bacteria colonize plant roots and engage in reciprocal interactions with their hosts. However, the contribution of individual taxa or groups of bacteria to plant nutrition and fitness is not well characterized due to a lack of in\uffc2\uffa0situ evidence of bacterial activity.
To address this knowledge gap, we developed an analytical approach that combines the identification and localization of individual bacteria on root surfaces via gold\uffe2\uff80\uff90based in\uffc2\uffa0situ hybridization with correlative NanoSIMS imaging of incorporated stable isotopes, indicative of metabolic activity.
We incubated Kosakonia strain DS\uffe2\uff80\uff901\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated, gnotobiotically grown rice plants with 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff93N2 gas to detect in\uffc2\uffa0situ N2 fixation activity. Bacterial cells along the rhizoplane showed\uffc2\uffa0heterogeneous patterns of 15N enrichment, ranging from the natural isotope abundance levels up to 12.07 at% 15N (average and median of 3.36 and 2.85 at% 15N, respectively, n\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89697 cells).
The presented correlative optical and chemical imaging analysis is applicable to a broad range of studies investigating plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbe interactions. For example, it enables verification of the in\uffc2\uffa0situ metabolic activity of host\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated commercialized strains or plant growth\uffe2\uff80\uff90promoting bacteria, thereby disentangling their role in plant nutrition. Such data facilitate the design of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbe combinations for improvement of crop management.
The growth of rice in submerged soils depends on its ability to form continuous gas channels\uffe2\uff80\uff94aerenchyma\uffe2\uff80\uff94through which oxygen (O2) diffuses from the shoots to aerate the roots. Less well understood is the extent to which aerenchyma permits venting of respiratory carbon dioxide (CO2) in the opposite direction. Large, potentially toxic concentrations of dissolved CO2 develop in submerged rice soils. We show using X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography and image\uffe2\uff80\uff90based mathematical modelling that CO2 venting through rice roots is far greater than thought hitherto. We found rates of venting equivalent to a third of the daily CO2 fixation in photosynthesis. Without this venting through the roots, the concentrations of CO2 and associated bicarbonate (HCO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) in root cells would have been well above levels known to be toxic to roots. Removal of CO2 and hence carbonic acid (H2CO3) from the soil was sufficient to increase the pH in the rhizosphere close to the roots by 0.7 units, which is sufficient to solubilize or immobilize various nutrients and toxicants. A sensitivity analysis of the model showed that such changes are expected for a wide range of plant and soil conditions.The influence of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term chemical fertilization on soil microbial communities has been one of the frontier topics of agricultural and environmental sciences and is critical for linking soil microbial flora with soil functions. In this study, 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing and a functional gene array, geochip 4.0, were used to investigate the shifts in microbial composition and functional gene structure in paddy soils with different fertilization treatments over a 22\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period. These included a control without fertilizers; chemical nitrogen fertilizer (N); N and phosphate (NP); N and potassium (NK); and N, P and K (NPK). Based on 16S rRNA gene data, both species evenness and key genera were affected by P fertilization. Functional gene array\uffe2\uff80\uff90based analysis revealed that long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term fertilization significantly changed the overall microbial functional structures. Chemical fertilization significantly increased the diversity and abundance of most genes involved in C, N, P and S cycling, especially for the treatments NK and NPK. Significant correlations were found among functional gene structure and abundance, related soil enzymatic activities and rice yield, suggesting that a fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced shift in the microbial community may accelerate the nutrient turnover in soil, which in turn influenced rice growth. The effect of N fertilization on soil microbial functional genes was mitigated by the addition of P fertilizer in this P\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited paddy soil, suggesting that balanced chemical fertilization is beneficial to the soil microbial community and its functions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "Oryza", "Phosphorus", "Sequence Analysis", " DNA", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Carbon Cycle", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Potassium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Molecular%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/mec.13010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/mec.13010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/mec.13010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1155/2014/198231", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-22", "title": "The Effects Of Rape Residue Mulching On Net Global Warming Potential And Greenhouse Gas Intensity From No-Tillage Paddy Fields", "description": "A field experiment was conducted to provide a complete greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting for global warming potential (GWP), net GWP, and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) from no-tillage (NT) paddy fields with different amounts of oilseed rape residue mulch (0, 3000, 4000, and 6000\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg dry matter (DM)\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) during a rice-growing season after 3 years of oilseed rape-rice cultivation. Residue mulching treatments showed significantly more organic carbon (C) density for the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm soil layer at harvesting than no residue treatment. During a rice-growing season, residue mulching treatments sequestered significantly more organic C from 687\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89season\uffe2\uff88\uff921to 1654\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89season\uffe2\uff88\uff921than no residue treatment. Residue mulching significantly increased emissions of CO2and N2O but decreased CH4emissions. Residue mulching treatments significantly increased GWP by 9\uffe2\uff80\uff9330% but significantly decreased net GWP by 33\uffe2\uff80\uff9371% and GHGI by 35\uffe2\uff80\uff9372% relative to no residue treatment. These results suggest that agricultural economic viability and GHG mitigation can be achieved simultaneously by residue mulching on NT paddy fields in central China.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Technology", "T", "Science", "Q", "Brassica napus", "R", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "3. Good health", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Recycling", "Research Article", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/198231"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Scientific%20World%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1155/2014/198231", "name": "item", "description": "10.1155/2014/198231", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1155/2014/198231"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.17474", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-20", "title": "Novel functions of the root barrier to radial oxygen loss \u2013 radial diffusion resistance to H2 and water vapour", "description": "Summary
The root barrier to radial O2 loss (ROL) is a trait enabling waterlogging tolerance of plants. The ROL barrier restricts O2 diffusion to the anoxic soil so that O2 is retained inside root tissues.
We hypothesised that the ROL barrier can also restrict radial diffusion of other gases (H2 and water vapour) in rice roots with a barrier to ROL. We used O2 and H2 microsensors to measure ROL and permeability of rice roots, and gravimetric measurements to assess the influence of the ROL barrier on radial water loss (RWL).
The ROL barrier greatly restricted radial diffusion of O2 as well as H2. At 60\uffc2\uffa0kPa pO2, we found no radial diffusion of O2 across the barrier, and for H2 the barrier reduced radial diffusion by 73%. Similarly, RWL was reduced by 93% in roots with a ROL barrier.
Our study showed that the root barrier to ROL not only completely blocks radial O2 diffusion under steep concentration gradients but is also a diffusive barrier to H2 and to water vapour. The strong correlation between ROL and RWL presents a case in which simple measurements of RWL can be used to predict ROL in screening studies with a focus on waterlogging tolerance.
This study was conducted to know cropping cycles required to improve OM status in soil and to investigate the effects of medium-term tillage practices on soil properties and crop yields in Grey Terrace soil of Bangladesh under wheat-mungbean-T.amancropping system. Four different tillage practices, namely, zero tillage (ZT), minimum tillage (MT), conventional tillage (CT), and deep tillage (DT), were studied in a randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Tillage practices showed positive effects on soil properties and crop yields. After four cropping cycles, the highest OM accumulation, the maximum root mass density (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm soil depth), and the improved physical and chemical properties were recorded in the conservational tillage practices. Bulk and particle densities were decreased due to tillage practices, having the highest reduction of these properties and the highest increase of porosity and field capacity in zero tillage. The highest total N, P, K, and S in their available forms were recorded in zero tillage. All tillage practices showed similar yield after four years of cropping cycles. Therefore, we conclude that zero tillage with 20% residue retention was found to be suitable for soil health and achieving optimum yield under the cropping system in Grey Terrace soil (Aeric Albaquept).", "keywords": ["No-till farming", "Technology", "Climate", "Cropping", "Mulch-till", "Crop", "Plant Roots", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Management of Soil Fertility and Crop Productivity", "Soil water", "Triticum", "2. Zero hunger", "Bangladesh", "Minimum tillage", "Soil Physical Properties", "Ecology", "T", "Q", "Soil Quality", "R", "Life Sciences", "Fabaceae", "Phosphorus", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil Compaction", "Medicine", "Research Article", "Crops", " Agricultural", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Soil Science", "Soil fertility", "Crop Productivity", "Environmental science", "Tillage", "Randomized block design", "FOS: Mathematics", "Crop yield", "Particle Size", "Biology", "Soil science", "Analysis of Variance", "Soil Fertility", "Effects of Soil Compaction on Crop Production", "Conventional tillage", "Oryza", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Bulk density", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Potassium", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Sulfur", "Mathematics", "Cropping system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/437283"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Scientific%20World%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1155/2014/437283", "name": "item", "description": "10.1155/2014/437283", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1155/2014/437283"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0038858", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-11", "title": "Decline In Topsoil Microbial Quotient, Fungal Abundance And C Utilization Efficiency Of Rice Paddies Under Heavy Metal Pollution Across South China", "description": "Open AccessLos suelos agr\u00edcolas han estado cada vez m\u00e1s sujetos a la contaminaci\u00f3n por metales pesados en todo el mundo. Sin embargo, los impactos en la estructura y actividad de la comunidad microbiana del suelo de los suelos de campo a\u00fan no se han caracterizado bien. En 2009 se recolectaron muestras de tierra vegetal de campos de arroz contaminados con metales pesados (PS) y sus campos de fondo (BGS) en cuatro sitios del sur de China. Los cambios con la contaminaci\u00f3n met\u00e1lica en relaci\u00f3n con el BGS en el tama\u00f1o y la estructura de la comunidad de los microorganismos del suelo se examinaron con m\u00faltiples ensayos microbiol\u00f3gicos de medici\u00f3n de carbono de biomasa (MBC) y nitr\u00f3geno (MBN), recuento en placa de colonias cultivables y an\u00e1lisis de \u00e1cidos grasos fosfol\u00edpidos (PLFA) junto con el perfil de electroforesis en gel de gradiente desnaturalizante (DGGE) del gen de ARNr 16S y ARNr 18S y ensayo de PCR en tiempo real. Adem\u00e1s, se llev\u00f3 a cabo una incubaci\u00f3n de laboratorio de 7 d\u00edas a una temperatura constante de 25 \u00b0C para realizar un seguimiento adicional de los cambios en la actividad metab\u00f3lica. Si bien la disminuci\u00f3n de la contaminaci\u00f3n por metales en MBC y MBN, as\u00ed como en el tama\u00f1o de la poblaci\u00f3n cultivable, el contenido total de PLFA y el n\u00famero de bandas DGGE de bacterias no se observaron de manera significativa y consistente, de hecho se observ\u00f3 una reducci\u00f3n significativa de la contaminaci\u00f3n por metales en el cociente microbiano, en el tama\u00f1o de la poblaci\u00f3n f\u00fangica cultivable y en la proporci\u00f3n de PLFA f\u00fangicos a bacterianos de manera consistente en todos los sitios en una medida que var\u00eda de 6% a 74%. Adem\u00e1s, se observ\u00f3 un aumento consistentemente significativo en el cociente metab\u00f3lico de hasta un 68% bajo contaminaci\u00f3n en todos los sitios. Estas observaciones apoyaron un cambio de la comunidad microbiana con disminuci\u00f3n en su abundancia, disminuci\u00f3n en la proporci\u00f3n de hongos y, por lo tanto, en la eficiencia de utilizaci\u00f3n de C bajo contaminaci\u00f3n en los suelos. Adem\u00e1s, las proporciones de cociente microbiano, de hongos a bacterias y qCO2 son mejores indicativas de los impactos de los metales pesados en la estructura y actividad de la comunidad microbiana. Los efectos potenciales de estos cambios en el ciclo del carbono y la producci\u00f3n de CO2 en los arrozales contaminados merecen m\u00e1s estudios de campo.", "keywords": ["Microbial population biology", "Colony Count", " Microbial", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Sociology", "Soil water", "Soil Pollutants", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Principal Component Analysis", "Temperature gradient gel electrophoresis", "Ecology", "Q", "Fatty Acids", "R", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biota", "Pollution", "6. Clean water", "FOS: Sociology", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "Medicine", "Research Article", "Environmental Monitoring", "16S ribosomal RNA", "China", "Microorganism", "Environmental Impact of Heavy Metal Contamination", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Population", "Soil Science", "Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Environmental science", "Microbial Ecology", "12. Responsible consumption", "Metals", " Heavy", "Genetics", "Biology", "Demography", "Bacteria", "Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis", "Marine Microbial Diversity and Biogeography", "Oryza", "15. Life on land", "Topsoil", "Carbon", "Agronomy", "RNA", " Ribosomal", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0038858"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0038858", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0038858", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0038858"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0056562", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-20", "title": "Carbon Dioxide Flux From Rice Paddy Soils In Central China: Effects Of Intermittent Flooding And Draining Cycles", "description": "Open AccessSe realiz\u00f3 un experimento de campo para (i) examinar el patr\u00f3n de flujos de di\u00f3xido de carbono (CO(2)) del suelo diurno y estacional en los arrozales en el centro de China y (ii) evaluar el papel del agua de inundaci\u00f3n en el control de las emisiones de CO(2) del suelo y el agua de inundaci\u00f3n en el drenaje intermitente del suelo de los arrozales. Las tasas de flujo de CO(2) del suelo oscilaron entre -0.45 y 8.62 \u00b5mol.m(-2).s(-1) durante la temporada de cultivo de arroz. Los eflujos netos de CO(2) del suelo del arrozal fueron menores cuando se inund\u00f3 el arrozal que cuando se dren\u00f3. Las emisiones de CO(2) para las condiciones de drenaje mostraron una variaci\u00f3n diurna distinta con un eflujo m\u00e1ximo observado en la tarde. Cuando el arrozal se inund\u00f3, los flujos de CO(2) del suelo diurno se invirtieron con un flujo m\u00e1ximo negativo justo despu\u00e9s del mediod\u00eda. En per\u00edodos alternos de drenaje/inundaci\u00f3n, se produjo un evento repentino similar a un pulso de eflujo de CO(2) en r\u00e1pido aumento en respuesta a una nueva inundaci\u00f3n despu\u00e9s del drenaje. El an\u00e1lisis de correlaci\u00f3n mostr\u00f3 una relaci\u00f3n negativa entre el flujo de CO(2) del suelo y la temperatura en condiciones de inundaci\u00f3n, pero se encontr\u00f3 una relaci\u00f3n positiva en condiciones de drenaje. Los resultados mostraron que los ciclos de drenaje e inundaci\u00f3n juegan un papel vital en el control de las emisiones de CO(2) de los suelos de los arrozales.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Organic chemistry", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Agricultural soil science", "Soil water", "Psychology", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Q", "R", "Temperature", "Life Sciences", "Hydrology (agriculture)", "Geology", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "FOS: Psychology", "Chemistry", "Emissions", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "Seasons", "Methane", "Research Article", "China", "Science", "Soil Science", "Flooding (psychology)", "Environmental science", "Carbon Cycle", "Humans", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Soil science", "Soil organic matter", "Oryza", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Soil biodiversity", "Floods", "Agronomy", "Geotechnical engineering", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Global Methane Emissions and Impacts", "Environmental Science", "Flux (metallurgy)", "Psychotherapist", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yi Liu, Kaiyuan Wan, Yong Tao, Zhiguo Li, Guoshi Zhang, Shuanglai Li, Fang Chen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056562"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0056562", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0056562", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0056562"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1155/2013/546750", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-01", "title": "Solubility And Leaching Risks Of Organic Carbon In Paddy Soils As Affected By Irrigation Managements", "description": "Influence of nonflooding controlled irrigation (NFI) on solubility and leaching risk of soil organic carbon (SOC) were investigated. Compared with flooding irrigation (FI) paddies, soil water extractable organic carbon (WEOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in NFI paddies increased in surface soil but decreased in deep soil. The DOC leaching loss in NFI field was 63.3\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, reduced by 46.4% than in the FI fields. It indicated that multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90wet\uffe2\uff80\uff90dry cycles in NFI paddies enhanced the decomposition of SOC in surface soils, and less carbon moved downward to deep soils due to less percolation. That also led to lower SOC in surface soils in NFI paddies than in FI paddies, which implied that more carbon was released into the atmosphere from the surface soil in NFI paddies. Change of solubility of SOC in NFI paddies might lead to potential change in soil fertility and sustainability, greenhouse gas emission, and bioavailability of trace metals or organic pollutants.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Technology", "Agricultural Irrigation", "T", "Science", "Q", "R", "Water", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Solubility", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/546750"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Scientific%20World%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1155/2013/546750", "name": "item", "description": "10.1155/2013/546750", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1155/2013/546750"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "description": "A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of straw returning and domestic sewage irrigation on the dynamics of NH4+-N concentration and pH in the flood water, and ammonia volatilization of paddy fields. The results showed that the NH4+-N concentration in flood water was significantly increased by wheat straw returning while significantly decreased by domestic sewage irrigation. The cumulative ammonia volatilization in the whole rice season under tap water irrigation and straw removal treatment was 58.29 kg\u00b7hm-2, accounting for 24.29% of the total N applied. The N loss ratio of ammonia volatilization was significantly increased to 45.66% by wheat straw returning, while significantly decreased to 17.26% under straw removal and 32.72% under straw returning by domestic sewage irrigation. Significant positive interaction was observed between straw incorporation and domestic sewage irrigation on ammonia volatilization loss. The average N loss from ammonia volatilization during the tillering stage was the highest among the three fertilization stages, accounting for 7.38%-24.44% of the total N applied. In addition, ammonia volatilization fluxes showed a significant positive correlation with the flood water NH4+-N concentration, irrespective of the irrigation water, but had no significant correlation with pH. These results indicated that straw returning increased ammonia volatilization losses, whereas domestic sewage irrigation could effectively reduce ammonia volatilization losses and simultaneously replace 44.41% of chemical nitrogen fertilizer by the N contained in the domestic sewage. The combination of domestic sewage irrigation and straw returning would be an ecological and environmental-friendly measure for rice nitrogen management in Taihu Lake region.", "keywords": ["Soil", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Plant Stems", "Sewage", "Ammonia", "Nitrogen", "Oryza", "Volatilization", "Fertilizers", "01 natural sciences", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li-Hong Xue, Li-Hui Fan, Lin-Zhang Yang, Ganghua Li, Peng-Fu Hou, Shaohua Wang, Shan-Shan Xu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Huan%20jing%20ke%20xue%3D%20Huanjing%20kexue", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039", "name": "item", "description": "10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.13227/j.hjkx.2016.10.039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.13227/j.hjkx.201604220", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "description": "Fertilizer applications have important effects on soil microbial abundance and community structure. In this study, total soil microbial DNA and RNA were directly extracted from paddy soils of N0 (control treatment, no nitrogen fertilizer), NPK (balanced fertilization), NPK+LS (balanced fertilization with additional 3.0 t\u00b7hm-2 rice straw incorporation) and NPK+HS (balanced fertilization with additional 6.0 t\u00b7hm-2 rice straw incorporation) treatments in a long-term fertilization experiment of double rice cropping system in Changsha County, Hunan Province. Soil bacteria community structures were evaluated by analyzing the 16S rRNA gene fragments at DNA and cDNA levels with Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) and quantitative PCR techniques. Balancing fertilization with chemical fertilizers and rice straw incorporation significantly changed the composition of bulk (DNA-based) and potentially active (mRNA-based) soil bacterial community as shown in T-RFLP profiles, and also reduced the bulk soil microbial diversity, but not the potentially active ones, as compared with the control treatment. The DNA-based abundance of 16S rRNA gene was on average 377 times as many as the m-RNA based population size. Compared to N0,balanced fertilization with rice straw incorporation (NPK+LS and NPK+HS) increased the bulk and active copy numbers of 16S rRNA gene, but not for balanced fertilization (NPK). The abundance and microbial community structure were not significantly different between the NPK+LS and NPK+HS treatments. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that soil ammonium was the key environmental factor determining the bulk and active soil microbial community structure among the treatments. In conclusion, the effect of fertilization on soil microbial abundance and community structure could be indicated at both DNA and cDNA levels; the cDNA information could better reflect the adaptability of bacterial community to the environmental stress.", "keywords": ["DNA", " Complementary", "Bacteria", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "Fertilizers", "01 natural sciences", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.201604220"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Huan%20jing%20ke%20xue%3D%20Huanjing%20kexue", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.13227/j.hjkx.201604220", "name": "item", "description": "10.13227/j.hjkx.201604220", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.13227/j.hjkx.201604220"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0034642", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-04", "title": "Effects Of Tillage And Nitrogen Fertilizers On Ch4 And Co2 Emissions And Soil Organic Carbon In Paddy Fields Of Central China", "description": "Quantifying carbon (C) sequestration in paddy soils is necessary to help better understand the effect of agricultural practices on the C cycle. The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of tillage practices [conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT)] and the application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer (0 and 210 kg N ha(-1)) on fluxes of CH(4) and CO(2), and soil organic C (SOC) sequestration during the 2009 and 2010 rice growing seasons in central China. Application of N fertilizer significantly increased CH(4) emissions by 13%-66% and SOC by 21%-94% irrespective of soil sampling depths, but had no effect on CO(2) emissions in either year. Tillage significantly affected CH(4) and CO(2) emissions, where NT significantly decreased CH(4) emissions by 10%-36% but increased CO(2) emissions by 22%-40% in both years. The effects of tillage on the SOC varied with the depth of soil sampling. NT significantly increased the SOC by 7%-48% in the 0-5 cm layer compared with CT. However, there was no significant difference in the SOC between NT and CT across the entire 0-20 cm layer. Hence, our results suggest that the potential of SOC sequestration in NT paddy fields may be overestimated in central China if only surface soil samples are considered.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "China", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Q", "R", "Temperature", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic Chemicals", "Fertilizers", "Methane", "Research Article"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wang JinPing, Kou Zhi-Kui, Cao CouGui, Li ChengFang, Zhang Zhi-Sheng, Zhou Dan-Na, Cai MingLi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0034642"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0034642", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0034642", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0034642"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0065277", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-06-04", "title": "Emissions Of Ch4 And N2o Under Different Tillage Systems From Double-Cropped Paddy Fields In Southern China", "description": "Understanding greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions is becoming increasingly important with the climate change. Most previous studies have focused on the assessment of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration potential and GHG emissions from agriculture. However, specific experiments assessing tillage impacts on GHG emission from double-cropped paddy fields in Southern China are relatively scarce. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the effects of tillage systems on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emission in a double rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system. The experiment was established in 2005 in Hunan Province, China. Three tillage treatments were laid out in a randomized complete block design: conventional tillage (CT), rotary tillage (RT) and no-till (NT). Fluxes of CH4 from different tillage treatments followed a similar trend during the two years, with a single peak emission for the early rice season and a double peak emission for the late rice season. Compared with other treatments, NT significantly reduced CH4 emission among the rice growing seasons (P<0.05). However, much higher variations in N2O emission were observed across the rice growing seasons due to the vulnerability of N2O to external influences. The amount of CH4 emission in paddy fields was much higher relative to N2O emission. Conversion of CT to NT significantly reduced the cumulative CH4 emission for both rice seasons compared with other treatments (P<0.05). The mean value of global warming potentials (GWPs) of CH4 and N2O emissions over 100 years was in the order of NT3,4\uffe2\uff80\uff90Dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) was validated as an effective nitrification inhibitor to reduce nitrate leaching. Its effects on ammonia (NH3) volatilization were not clear, especially on farmland scale with crop rotations. In this study, on\uffe2\uff80\uff90farm experiments at the Jiaxing (JX) and Yuhang (YH) sites in Taihu Lake Basin, China were conducted to evaluate the effect of DMPP application on mineral nitrogen (N) (NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93N and NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N) leaching and NH3 volatilization losses in a rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93rapeseed cropping system. Treatments included urea alone (UA), urea + 1% DMPP (UD), and no fertilizer (CK). The results show that DMPP reduced NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leaching fluxes by 44.9 to 59.9% and increased NH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leaching fluxes by 13.0 to 33.3% at two sites during rice and rape seasons compared with urea alone. Reductions in mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90N leaching fluxes by DMPP in two seasons at the JX and YH sites were 9.5 and 14.3 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively, compared with UA treatment. The application of DMPP had no significant effects on NH3 volatilization loss fluxes at either site. The rice and rapeseed yields were 5.3 to 7.4% higher in UD plots than in UA plots at two sites. These results that indicate DMPP could reduce leaching losses of mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90N from crop fields and promote grain yields by conserving more applied N in soil in rice\uffe2\uff80\uff93rapeseed rotation systems.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Ammonia", "Nitrogen", "Brassica napus", "Pyrazoles", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Volatilization", "Environmental Pollution", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yanfeng Lian, Yingxu Chen, Wenhong Li, Hua Li, Xinqiang Liang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0476"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2008.0476", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2008.0476", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2008.0476"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2011.0157", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:22:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-29", "description": "Biochar application to soil has drawn much attention as a strategy to sequester atmospheric carbon in soil ecosystems. The applicability of this strategy as a climate change mitigation option is limited by our understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the observed changes in greenhouse gas emissions from soils, microbial responses, and soil fertility changes. We conducted an 8-wk laboratory incubation using soils from PASTURE (silt loam) and RICE PADDY (silt loam) sites with and without two types of biochar (biochar from swine manure [CHAR-M] and from barley stover [CHAR-B]). Responses to addition of the different biochars varied with the soil source. Addition of CHAR-B did not change CO and CH evolution from the PASTURE or the RICE PADDY soils, but there was a decrease in NO emissions from the PASTURE soil. The effects of CHAR-M addition on greenhouse gas emissions were different for the soils. The most substantial change was an increase in NO emissions from the RICE PADDY soil. This result was attributed to a combination of abundant denitrifiers in this soil and increased net nitrogen mineralization. Soil phosphatase and N-acetylglucosaminidase activity in the CHAR-B-treated soils was enhanced compared with the controls for both soils. Fungal biomass was higher in the CHAR-B-treated RICE PADDY soil. From our results, we suggest CHAR-B to be an appropriate amendment for the PASTURE and RICE PADDY soils because it provides increased nitrogen availability and microbial activity with no net increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Application of CHAR-M to RICE PADDY soils could result in excess nitrogen availability, which may increase NO emissions and possible NO leaching problems. Thus, this study confirms that the ability of environmentally sound biochar additions to sequester carbon in soils depends on the characteristics of the receiving soil as well as the nature of the biochar.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Bacteria", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Oxygen", "13. Climate action", "Charcoal", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0157"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2011.0157", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2011.0157", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2011.0157"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2019.01087", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:23:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-15", "title": "Inoculation With Piriformospora indica Is More Efficient in Wild-Type Rice Than in Transgenic Rice Over-Expressing the Vacuolar H+-PPase", "description": "Achieving food security in a context of environmental sustainability is one of the main challenges of the XXI century. Two competing strategies to achieve this goal are the use of genetically modified plants and the use of plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPMs). However, few studies assess the response of genetically modified plants to PGPMs. The aim of this study was to compare the response of over-expressing the vacuolar H+-PPase (AVP) and wild-type rice types to the endophytic fungus; Piriformospora indica. Oryza sativa plants (WT and AVP) were inoculated with P. indica and 30 days later, morphological, ecophysiological and bioenergetic parameters, and nutrient content were assessed. AVP and WT plant heights were strongly influenced by inoculation with P. indica, which also promoted increases in fresh and dry matter of shoot in both genotypes. This may be related with the stimulatory effect of P. indica on ecophysiological parameters, especially photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intrinsic water use efficiency and carboxylation efficiency. However, there were differences between the genotypes concerning the physiological mechanisms leading to biomass increment. In WT plants, inoculation with P. indica stimulated all H+ pumps. However, in inoculated AVP plants, H+-PPase was stimulated, but P- and V-ATPases were inhibited. Fungal inoculation enhanced nutrient uptake in both shoots and roots of WT and AVP plants, compared to uninoculated plants; but among inoculated genotypes, the nutrient uptake was lower in AVP than in WT plants. These results clearly demonstrate that the symbiosis between P. indica and AVP plants did not benefit those plants, which may be related to the inefficient colonization of this fungus on the transgenic plants, demonstrating an incompatibility of this symbiosis, which needs to be further studied.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "endophytic fungus", "photosynthesis", "Oryza sativa", "plant growth", "15. Life on land", "Microbiology", "QR1-502", "6. Clean water", "03 medical and health sciences", "H+ pumps", "H+-PPase"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01087"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2019.01087", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2019.01087", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01087"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-05-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11390/1246806", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:28:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-01-11", "title": "Responses of key root traits in the genusOryzato soil flooding mimicked by stagnant, deoxygenated nutrient solution", "description": "AbstractExcess water can induce flooding stress resulting in yield loss, even in wetland crops such as rice (Oryza). However, traits from species of wild Oryza have already been used to improve tolerance to abiotic stress in cultivated rice. This study aimed to establish root responses to sudden soil flooding among eight wild relatives of rice with different habitat preferences benchmarked against three genotypes of O. sativa. Plants were raised hydroponically, mimicking drained or flooded soils, to assess the plasticity of adventitious roots. Traits included were apparent permeance (PA) to O2 of the outer part of the roots, radial water loss, tissue porosity, apoplastic barriers in the exodermis, and root anatomical traits. These were analysed using a plasticity index and hierarchical clustering based on principal component analysis. For example, O. brachyantha, a wetland species, possessed very low tissue porosity compared with other wetland species, whereas dryland species O. latifolia and O. granulata exhibited significantly lower plasticity compared with wetland species and clustered in their own group. Most species clustered according to growing conditions based on PA, radial water loss, root porosity, and key anatomical traits, indicating strong anatomical and physiological responses to sudden soil flooding. Soil compaction represents a major agronomic challenge, inhibiting root elongation and impacting crop yields. Roots use ethylene to sense soil compaction as the restricted air space causes this gaseous signal to accumulate around root tips. Ethylene inhibits root elongation and promotes radial expansion in compacted soil, but its mechanistic basis remains unclear. Here, we report that ethylene promotes abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis and cortical cell radial expansion. Rice mutants of ABA biosynthetic genes had attenuated cortical cell radial expansion in compacted soil, leading to better penetration. Soil compaction-induced ethylene also up-regulates the auxin biosynthesis gene OsYUC8 . Mutants lacking OsYUC8 are better able to penetrate compacted soil. The auxin influx transporter OsAUX1 is also required to mobilize auxin from the root tip to the elongation zone during a root compaction response. Moreover, osaux1 mutants penetrate compacted soil better than the wild-type roots and do not exhibit cortical cell radial expansion. We conclude that ethylene uses auxin and ABA as downstream signals to modify rice root cell elongation and radial expansion, causing root tips to swell and reducing their ability to penetrate compacted soil.
Bacteria colonize plant roots and engage in reciprocal interactions with their hosts. However, the contribution of individual taxa or groups of bacteria to plant nutrition and fitness is not well characterized due to a lack of in\uffc2\uffa0situ evidence of bacterial activity.
To address this knowledge gap, we developed an analytical approach that combines the identification and localization of individual bacteria on root surfaces via gold\uffe2\uff80\uff90based in\uffc2\uffa0situ hybridization with correlative NanoSIMS imaging of incorporated stable isotopes, indicative of metabolic activity.
We incubated Kosakonia strain DS\uffe2\uff80\uff901\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated, gnotobiotically grown rice plants with 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff93N2 gas to detect in\uffc2\uffa0situ N2 fixation activity. Bacterial cells along the rhizoplane showed\uffc2\uffa0heterogeneous patterns of 15N enrichment, ranging from the natural isotope abundance levels up to 12.07 at% 15N (average and median of 3.36 and 2.85 at% 15N, respectively, n\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89697 cells).
The presented correlative optical and chemical imaging analysis is applicable to a broad range of studies investigating plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbe interactions. For example, it enables verification of the in\uffc2\uffa0situ metabolic activity of host\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated commercialized strains or plant growth\uffe2\uff80\uff90promoting bacteria, thereby disentangling their role in plant nutrition. Such data facilitate the design of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbe combinations for improvement of crop management.
The root barrier to radial O2 loss (ROL) is a trait enabling waterlogging tolerance of plants. The ROL barrier restricts O2 diffusion to the anoxic soil so that O2 is retained inside root tissues.
We hypothesised that the ROL barrier can also restrict radial diffusion of other gases (H2 and water vapour) in rice roots with a barrier to ROL. We used O2 and H2 microsensors to measure ROL and permeability of rice roots, and gravimetric measurements to assess the influence of the ROL barrier on radial water loss (RWL).
The ROL barrier greatly restricted radial diffusion of O2 as well as H2. At 60\uffc2\uffa0kPa pO2, we found no radial diffusion of O2 across the barrier, and for H2 the barrier reduced radial diffusion by 73%. Similarly, RWL was reduced by 93% in roots with a ROL barrier.
Our study showed that the root barrier to ROL not only completely blocks radial O2 diffusion under steep concentration gradients but is also a diffusive barrier to H2 and to water vapour. The strong correlation between ROL and RWL presents a case in which simple measurements of RWL can be used to predict ROL in screening studies with a focus on waterlogging tolerance.
This study compared the physicochemical and technological properties of the IRGA 410 rice cultivar, obtained from organic and conventional cropping systems, and showed its susceptibility to changes during storage at 0, 6, and 12 mo. The rice conventional cropping system exhibited greater protein, lipids, and ash levels, and a head rice yield. However, organic rice presented greater total carbohydrates, soluble protein, amylose content, 33% greater free phenolics, and phenolic acids, but exhibited a greater percentage of stained grains during the storage period. The free phenolic content of cooked rice was lower than the free phenolic content of the raw rice. By Liquid chromatography with mass spectrometer (LC\uffe2\uff80\uff90MS) were identified p \uffe2\uff80\uff90coumaric and ferulic acids in both fractions (free and bound). The content of p \uffe2\uff80\uff90coumaric acid and ferulic acid in bound fraction was higher in organic brown rice than in conventional brown rice. At 6 and 12 mo of storage, the main fungi found were Aspergillus sp . and Penicillium sp . Prior to storage, the Bipolaris sp . fungi was identified only in organic rice. For conventional rice, the infestation level by Aspergillus sp. increased from 3% to 70% at the 6th mo of storage. In addition to the advantage of organic rice being free of agrochemicals, this study revealed that natural plant defense compounds could be produced when the rice was subjected to more biotic and abiotic stresses. However, some disadvantages were observed, such as lower protein content and a greater percentage of soluble protein, which favored the breaking of rice in processing, and a greater percentage of grain stained before and during storage. Practical ApplicationThe organic and conventional cropping systems affect the physicochemical and technological properties of rice grains, which is one of the main cereals grown and consumed in the world. This study shows the advantages and disadvantages of the cropping system in grain properties that are in the interest of both consumers and processing industries.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Organic Agriculture", "Chemical Phenomena", "Coumaric Acids", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Antioxidants", "03 medical and health sciences", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "Phenols", "Food Preservation", "Hydroxybenzoates", "Propionates", "Edible Grain", "0405 other agricultural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/28876469"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Food%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "28876469", "name": "item", "description": "28876469", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/28876469"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-09-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2229699546", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:29:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-20", "title": "Image-based modelling of nutrient movement in and around the rhizosphere", "description": "In this study, we developed a spatially explicit model for nutrient uptake by root hairs based on X-ray computed tomography images of the rhizosphere soil structure. This work extends our previous work to larger domains and hence is valid for longer times. Unlike the model used previously, which considered only a small region of soil about the root, we considered an effectively infinite volume of bulk soil about the rhizosphere. We asked the question: At what distance away from root surfaces do the specific structural features of root-hair and soil aggregate morphology not matter because average properties start dominating the nutrient transport? The resulting model was used to capture bulk and rhizosphere soil properties by considering representative volumes of soil far from the root and adjacent to the root, respectively. By increasing the size of the volumes that we considered, the diffusive impedance of the bulk soil and root uptake were seen to converge. We did this for two different values of water content. We found that the size of region for which the nutrient uptake properties converged to a fixed value was dependent on the water saturation. In the fully saturated case, the region of soil we needed to consider was only of radius 1.1mm for poorly soil-mobile species such as phosphate. However, in the case of a partially saturated medium (relative saturation 0.3), we found that a radius of 1.4mm was necessary. This suggests that, in addition to the geometrical properties of the rhizosphere, there is an additional effect of soil moisture properties, which extends further from the root and may relate to other chemical changes in the rhizosphere. The latter were not explicitly included in our model.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "550", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Models", " Biological", "Plant Roots", "630", "03 medical and health sciences", "Imaging", " Three-Dimensional", "Rhizosphere", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Tomography", " X-Ray Computed", "Research Paper"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2229699546"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Experimental%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2229699546", "name": "item", "description": "2229699546", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2229699546"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2966605969", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:29:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-05", "title": "Soil carbon dioxide venting through rice roots", "description": "AbstractThe growth of rice in submerged soils depends on its ability to form continuous gas channels\uffe2\uff80\uff94aerenchyma\uffe2\uff80\uff94through which oxygen (O2) diffuses from the shoots to aerate the roots. Less well understood is the extent to which aerenchyma permits venting of respiratory carbon dioxide (CO2) in the opposite direction. Large, potentially toxic concentrations of dissolved CO2 develop in submerged rice soils. We show using X\uffe2\uff80\uff90ray computed tomography and image\uffe2\uff80\uff90based mathematical modelling that CO2 venting through rice roots is far greater than thought hitherto. We found rates of venting equivalent to a third of the daily CO2 fixation in photosynthesis. Without this venting through the roots, the concentrations of CO2 and associated bicarbonate (HCO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) in root cells would have been well above levels known to be toxic to roots. Removal of CO2 and hence carbonic acid (H2CO3) from the soil was sufficient to increase the pH in the rhizosphere close to the roots by 0.7 units, which is sufficient to solubilize or immobilize various nutrients and toxicants. A sensitivity analysis of the model showed that such changes are expected for a wide range of plant and soil conditions.Projections of global\uffc2\uffa0rice yields\uffc2\uffa0account for climate change. They do not, however, consider the coupled stresses of impending climate change and arsenic in paddy soils. Here, we show in a greenhouse study that future conditions cause a greater proportion of pore-water arsenite, the more toxic form of arsenic, in the rhizosphere of Californian Oryza sativa L. variety M206, grown on Californian paddy soil. As a result, grain yields decrease by 39% compared to yields at today\uffe2\uff80\uff99s arsenic soil concentrations. In addition, future climatic conditions cause a nearly twofold increase of grain inorganic arsenic concentrations. Our findings indicate that climate-induced changes in soil arsenic behaviour and plant response will lead to currently unforeseen losses in rice grain productivity and quality. Pursuing rice varieties and crop management practices that alleviate the coupled stresses of soil arsenic and change in climatic factors are needed to overcome the currently impending food crisis.Rice exudation patterns changed in response to P deficiency. Higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production. Total carboxylate exudation rates mostly decreased under P-limiting conditions.
AbstractWithin the rhizosphere, root exudates are believed to play an important role in plant phosphorus (P) acquisition. This could be particularly beneficial in upland rice production where P is often limited. However, knowledge gaps remain on how P deficiency shapes quality and quantity of root exudation in upland rice genotypes. We therefore investigated growth, plant P uptake, and root exudation patterns of two rice genotypes differing in P efficiency in semi-hydroponics at two P levels (low P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff891\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5M, adequate P\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89100\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb5M). Root exudates were collected hydroponically 28 and 40\uffc2\uffa0days after germination to analyze total carbon (C), carbohydrates, amino acids, phenolic compounds spectrophotometrically and carboxylates using a targeted LC\uffe2\uff80\uff93MS approach. Despite their reported role in P solubilization, we observed that carboxylate exudation rates per unit root surface area were not increased under P deficiency. In contrast, exudation rates of total C, carbohydrates, amino acids and phenolics were mostly enhanced in response to low P supply. Overall, higher exudation rates were associated with lower biomass production in the P-inefficient genotype Nerica4, whereas the larger root system with lower C investment (per unit root surface area) in root exudates of the P-efficient DJ123 allowed for better plant growth under P deficiency. Our results reveal new insights into genotype-specific resource allocation in rice under P-limiting conditions that warrant follow-up research including more genotypes.
", "keywords": ["Genotype", "Hydroponics", "carbohydrates ; phenolics ; amino acids ; carboxylates ; phosphorus", "Plant Exudates", "Rhizosphere", "Original Article", "Oryza", "Phosphorus", "Biomass", "Amino Acids", "Plant Roots", "Carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00425-024-04556-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC11499414"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Planta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC11499414", "name": "item", "description": "PMC11499414", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC11499414"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC11637764", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:33:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-08-28", "title": "Leaf Gas Film 1 promotes glycerol ester accumulation and formation of a tight root barrier to radial O2 loss in rice", "description": "AbstractRice (Oryza sativa L.) and many other wetland plants form an apoplastic barrier in the outer parts of the roots to restrict radial O2 loss to the rhizosphere during soil flooding. This barrier facilitates longitudinal internal O2 diffusion via gas-filled tissues from shoot to root apices, enabling root growth in anoxic soils. We tested the hypothesis that Leaf Gas Film 1 (LGF1), which influences leaf hydrophobicity in rice, plays a crucial role in tight outer apoplastic barrier formation in rice roots. We examined the roots of a rice mutant (dripping wet leaf 7, drp7) lacking functional LGF1, its wild type, and an LGF1 overexpression line for their capacity to develop outer apoplastic barriers that restrict radial O2 loss. We quantified the chemical composition of the outer part of the root and measured radial O2 diffusion from intact roots. The drp7 mutant exhibited a weak barrier to radial O2 loss compared to the wild type. However, introducing functional LGF1 into the mutant fully restored tight barrier function. The formation of a tight barrier to radial O2 loss was associated with increased glycerol ester levels in exodermal cells, rather than differences in total root suberization or lignification. These results demonstrate that, in addition to its role in leaf hydrophobicity regulation, LGF1 plays an important role in controlling the function of the outer apoplastic barriers in roots. Our study suggests that increased deposition of glycerol esters in the suberized root exodermis establishes a tight barrier to radial O2 loss in rice roots.