Extensive application of clustering and classification algorithms shows the potential of a CNT-based sensor array in breathomics.
Extensive application of clustering and classification algorithms shows the potential of a CNT-based sensor array in breathomics.
Copper (Cu) is a cofactor of around 300 Arabidopsis proteins, including photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transfer chain enzymes critical for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and carbon fixation. Plant acclimation to Cu deficiency requires the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7 (SPL7). We report that in the wild type (WT) and in the spl7-1 mutant, respiratory electron flux via Cu-dependent cytochrome c oxidase is unaffected under both normal and low-Cu cultivation conditions. Supplementing Cu-deficient medium with exogenous sugar stimulated growth of the WT, but not of spl7 mutants. Instead, these mutants accumulated carbohydrates, including the signaling sugar trehalose 6-phosphate, as well as ATP and NADH, even under normal Cu supply and without sugar supplementation. Delayed spl7-1 development was in agreement with its attenuated sugar responsiveness. Functional TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN and SNF1-RELATED KINASE1 signaling in spl7-1 argued against fundamental defects in these energy-signaling hubs. Sequencing of chromatin immunoprecipitates combined with transcriptome profiling identified direct targets of SPL7-mediated positive regulation, including Fe SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE1 (FSD1), COPPER-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (CITF1), and the uncharacterized bHLH23 (CITF2), as well as an enriched upstream GTACTRC motif. In summary, transducing energy availability into growth and reproductive development requires the function of SPL7. Our results could help increase crop yields, especially on Cu-deficient soils. Biopolymers are of growing interest, but to improve some of their poor properties and performance, it is required the formulation of bio-based blends and/or adding of nanoparticles. For this purpose, in this work, two different metal oxides, such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), at different concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2 %wt.) have been added in polylactic acid (PLA) and polylactic acid/polyamide 11 (PLA/PA11) blends to establish their effects on solid-state properties, morphology, melt behaviour, and photo-oxidation resistance. It seems that the addition of ZnO in PLA leads to a significant reduction of its rigidity probably due to an inefficient dispersion in the melt state, while the addition of TiO2 does not penalise PLA rigidity. Interestingly, the addition of both ZnO and TiO2 in PLA/PA11 blend has a positive effect on the rigidity because of blend morphology refinement and leads to a slight increase in film hydrophobicity. The photo-oxidation resistance of neat PLA and PLA/PA11 blend is significantly reduced due to the presence of both metal oxides, and this must be considered when designing the potential applications. The last results suggest that both metal oxides could be considered as photo-sensitive degradant agents for biopolymer and biopolymer blends.
Cover crops are a management option to reduce NO3 leaching under cereal grain production. A 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr field lysimeter study was established in Uppsala, Sweden, to evaluate the effect of a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cover crop interseeded in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) on NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leaching and availability of N to the main crop. Barley and ryegrass or barley alone were seeded in mid\uffe2\uff80\uff90May 1992, in lysimeters (0.3\uffe2\uff80\uff90m diam. \uffc3\uff97 1.2\uffe2\uff80\uff90m depth) of an undisturbed, well\uffe2\uff80\uff90drained, sandy loam soil. Fertilizer N was applied at the same time as labeled 15NH415NO3 (10 atom % 15N) at a rate of 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 In 1993, barley was reseeded in May in the lysimeters but with nonlabeled NH4NO3 and no cover crop (previous year's cover crop incorporated just prior to seeding). Barley yields and total and fertilizer N uptake in Year 1 (1992) were unaffected by cover crop. Total aboveground N uptake by the ryegrass was 28 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at the time of incorporation the following spring. Recovery of fertilizer\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived N in May 1993 was about 100%; 53% in soil, 46% in barley, <2% in ryegrass, and negligible amounts in leachate. In May 1994, the corresponding figures were: 32% in soil, <3% in barley, and, again, negligible amounts in leachate. The cover crop reduced concentrations of NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N in the leachate considerably (<5 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921, compared with 10 to 18 mg L\uffe2\uff88\uff921 without cover crop) at most sampling times from November 1992 to April 1994, and reduced the total amount of NO3\uffe2\uff80\uff93N leached (22 compared with 8 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921).
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Climate", "Biological Availability", "Agriculture", "Hordeum", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Quaternary Ammonium Compounds", "Lolium", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Nitrogen Oxides", "Seasons", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lars Bergstr\u00f6m, William E. Jokela,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2001.3051659x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "442c863e-1e52-4176-8a32-87ae3cac9ae7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[6.6, 47.35], [6.6, 54.86], [14.62, 54.86], [14.62, 47.35], [6.6, 47.35]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Monitoring"}, {"id": "Kohlenstoff"}, {"id": "Stickstoff"}, {"id": "Humus"}, {"id": "Bodenfruchtbarkeit"}, {"id": "pH-Wert"}, {"id": "Carbonat"}, {"id": "Bodenprofil"}, {"id": "Probenahme"}, {"id": "Raster"}, {"id": "Ackerland"}, {"id": "Gr\u00fcnland"}], "scheme": "GEMET - Concepts, version 2.4"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "organisch"}, {"id": "Organische Bodensubstanz"}, {"id": "Lagerungsdichte"}, {"id": "Feinbodenvorrat"}, {"id": "Korngr\u00f6\u00dfenverteilung"}, {"id": "Karbonat"}, {"id": "Pedogene Oxide"}, {"id": "Bodenprofil"}, {"id": "Raster"}, {"id": "Acker"}, {"id": "Gr\u00fcnland"}, {"id": "Sonderkultur"}, {"id": "Landnutzung"}, {"id": "LULUCF"}, {"id": "organic"}, {"id": "organic matter"}, {"id": "soil fertility"}, {"id": "fine soil stock"}, {"id": "pedogenic oxides"}, {"id": "soil profile"}, {"id": "grid"}, {"id": "special permanent crop"}, {"id": "land use"}], "scheme": "Individual"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the Th\u00fcnen Institute's research activities.\"\n\nAlthough every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the Th\u00fcnen Institute and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the Th\u00fcnen Institute and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The Th\u00fcnen Institute and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2020-09-16", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2020-01-20", "language": "eng", "title": "First German Agricultural Soil Inventory \u2013 Core dataset: HORIZON DATA", "description": "The Federal Republic of Germany is obliged to report all anthropogenic sources and sinks of greenhouse gases on a national scale. Changes in soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are among these sources and sinks. Furthermore, soil organic matter is a key indicator of soil fertility. The Th\u00fcnen Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture was commissioned by the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture to conduct the first German agricultural soil inventory and obtain a first representative and consistent baseline of SOC stocks in agricultural soils across Germany. Potential explanatory variables were also assessed. Between 2009 and 2018, a total of 3104 field sites were sampled in a 8x8 km grid (Jacobs et al., 2018). The dataset contains the key data (laboratory and field) of the first German agricultural soil inventory. It consists of three parts with associated readme-files, which explain the data: LABORATORY_DATA.xlsx: This file contains all relevant laboratory results. SITE.xlsx: This file contains the most important general information on the sampled sites. HORIZON_DATA.xlsx: This file contains the soil profile description as determined in the field with several key horizon parameters. In SITE.xlsx and HORIZON_DATA.xlsx, several parameters were determined using the German soil description guidelines (Ad-Hoc-Ag Boden, 2005) and are not explained here in detail. Single parameters, such as soil texture class or carbonate content class/ carbonate content are given in LABORATORY_DATA.xlsx and HORIZON_DATA.xlsx and can slightly deviate due to different methodologies (Estimation of soil scientist vs. laboratory analysis). Methodological details can be found in the Th\u00fcnen Report 64. References Ad-Hoc-Ag Boden (2005) Bodenkundliche Kartieranleitung. E.Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Hannover. Jacobs, A., Flessa, H., Don, A., Heidkamp, A., Prietz, R., Dechow, R., Gensior, A., Poeplau, C., Riggers, C. & Schneider, F. (2018) Landwirtschaftlich genutzte B\u00f6den in Deutschland: Ergebnisse der Bodenzustandserhebung. Th\u00fcnen Report 64.\n\nResearch domain: Soil Sciences\n\nResearch question: What is the condition of agricultural soils in Germany, especially with regard to stocks of soil organic carbon?\n\nThis dataset is available in Open Agrar.", "keywords": ["Soil", "opendata", "Boden", "Monitoring", "Kohlenstoff", "Stickstoff", "Humus", "Bodenfruchtbarkeit", "pH-Wert", "Carbonat", "Bodenprofil", "Probenahme", "Raster", "Ackerland", "Gr\u00fcnland", "organisch", "Organische Bodensubstanz", "Lagerungsdichte", "Feinbodenvorrat", "Korngr\u00f6\u00dfenverteilung", "Karbonat", "Pedogene Oxide", "Bodenprofil", "Raster", "Acker", "Gr\u00fcnland", "Sonderkultur", "Landnutzung", "LULUCF", "organic", "organic matter", "soil fertility", "fine soil stock", "pedogenic oxides", "soil profile", "grid", "special permanent crop", "land use"], "contacts": [{"name": "Poeplau, Christopher", "organization": "Johann Heinrich von Th\u00fcnen-Institut", "position": "Scientist", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 531 596 2679"}], "emails": [{"value": "christopher.poeplau@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 68"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": "Niedersachsen", "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Don, Axel", "organization": "Johann Heinrich von Th\u00fcnen-Institut", "position": "Scientist", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 531 596 2641"}], "emails": [{"value": "axel.don@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 68"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": "Niedersachsen", "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Flessa, Heinz", "organization": "Johann Heinrich von Th\u00fcnen-Institut", "position": "Scientist", "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 531 596 2601"}], "emails": [{"value": "heinz.flessa@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 65"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": "Niedersachsen", "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Heidkamp, Arne", "organization": "Johann Heinrich von Th\u00fcnen-Institut", "position": "Scientist", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 531 596 2672"}], "emails": [{"value": "arne.heidkamp@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 35A"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": "Niedersachsen", "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Jacobs, Anna", "organization": "Johann Heinrich von Th\u00fcnen-Institut", "position": "Scientist", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 531 596 1112"}], "emails": [{"value": "anna.jacobs@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 49"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": "Niedersachsen", "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Prietz, Roland", "organization": "Johann Heinrich von Th\u00fcnen-Institut", "position": "Scientist", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 531 596 2714"}], "emails": [{"value": "roland.prietz@thuenen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Bundesallee 68"], "city": "Braunschweig", "administrativeArea": "Niedersachsen", "postalCode": "38116", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "OA", "organization": "Open Agrar Repositorium", "position": null, "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "IB@julius-kuehn.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "https://www.re3data.org/", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "http://doi.org/10.17616/R3XF45", "name_url": "", "description": "re3data", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"organization": "Johann Heinrich von Th\u00fcnen-Institut", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "title_alternate": "BZE-LW"}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3220/DATA20200203151139", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/e40d73fe-d5b8-408f-aadd-ca154cc63882", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "442c863e-1e52-4176-8a32-87ae3cac9ae7", "name": "item", "description": "442c863e-1e52-4176-8a32-87ae3cac9ae7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/442c863e-1e52-4176-8a32-87ae3cac9ae7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2009-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2018-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "10.3390/chemengineering3040089", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-20T16:19:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-28", "title": "Effect of Chain Length and Functional Group of Organic Anions on the Retention Ability of MgAl- Layered Double Hydroxides for Chlorinated Organic Solvents", "description": "Nowadays, the contamination of groundwater and soils by chlorinated organic solvents is a severe and worldwide problem. Due to their swelling properties, Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) are potentially excellent compounds to retain chlorinated organic solvents from aquifers. By intercalating organic anions, the polarity of the interlayer space can be changed from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, enhancing the adsorption of chloro-organic molecules onto the alkyl chains of intercalated organic anions. In this study, organically modified LDHs were synthesized and their efficiency was tested in batch experiments with three different chlorinated organic solvents, namely trichloroethylene, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and trichloromethane (chloroform), to examine the influence of the chain length and the functional group of the intercalated organic anion upon the retention ability of a LDH due to different electronic interactions and different sizes of the interlayer space. All synthesized and used samples were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis coupled with mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; freshly synthesized materials were additionally analyzed regarding their particle size distribution and specific surface area. Results of the batch experiments showed that only LDHs with intercalated long-chain organic anions could be efficient adsorbents for the removal of chlorinated organic solvents from contaminated water. A selective efficiency towards 1,1,2-trichloroethane and trichloromethane can be proposed for these reactants.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "organic interlayer anion", "retention", "hydrotalcite", "chlorinated organic solvents", "13. Climate action", "Layered Double Hydroxides; LDHs; hydrotalcite; organic interlayer anion; chlorinated organic solvents; retention", "LDHs", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Layered Double Hydroxides", "3. Good health", "0104 chemical sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/3/4/89/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2305-7084/3/4/89/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/chemengineering3040089"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ChemEngineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/chemengineering3040089", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/chemengineering3040089", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/chemengineering3040089"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-11-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/polym16070922", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-09-20T16:19:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-27", "title": "Understanding the Effects of Adding Metal Oxides to Polylactic Acid and Polylactic Acid Blends on Mechanical and Rheological Behaviour, Wettability, and Photo-Oxidation Resistance", "description": "Biopolymers are of growing interest, but to improve some of their poor properties and performance, the formulation of bio-based blends and/or adding of nanoparticles is required. For this purpose, in this work, two different metal oxides, namely zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), at different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2%wt.) were added in polylactic acid (PLA) and polylactic acid/polyamide 11 (PLA/PA11) blends to establish their effects on solid-state properties, morphology, melt behaviour, and photo-oxidation resistance. It seems that the addition of ZnO in PLA leads to a significant reduction in its rigidity, probably due to an inefficient dispersion in the melt state, while the addition of TiO2 does not penalize PLA rigidity. Interestingly, the addition of both ZnO and TiO2 in the PLA/PA11 blend has a positive effect on the rigidity because of blend morphology refinement and leads to a slight increase in film hydrophobicity. The photo-oxidation resistance of the neat PLA and PLA/PA11 blend is significantly reduced due to the presence of both metal oxides, and this must be considered when designing potential applications. The last results suggest that both metal oxides could be considered photo-sensitive degradant agents for biopolymer and biopolymer blends.
Abstract. The large uncertainty in the mineral dust direct radiative effect (DRE) hinders projections of future climate change due to anthropogenic activity. Resolving modeled dust mineral speciation allows for spatially and temporally varying refractive indices consistent with dust aerosol composition. Here, for the first time, we quantify the range in dust DRE at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) due to current uncertainties in the surface soil mineralogical content using a dust mineral-resolving climate model. We propagate observed uncertainties in soil mineral abundances from two soil mineralogy atlases along with the optical properties of each mineral into the DRE and compare the resultant range with other sources of uncertainty across six climate models. The shortwave DRE responds region-specifically to the dust burden depending on the mineral speciation and underlying shortwave surface albedo: positively when the regionally averaged annual surface albedo is larger than 0.28 and negatively otherwise. Among all minerals examined, the shortwave TOA DRE and single scattering albedo at the 0.44\u20130.63\u2009\u00b5m band are most sensitive to the fractional contribution of iron oxides to the total dust composition. The global net (shortwave plus longwave) TOA DRE is estimated to be within \u22120.23 to +0.35\u2009W\u2009m\u22122. Approximately 97\u2009% of this range relates to uncertainty in the soil abundance of iron oxides. Representing iron oxide with solely hematite optical properties leads to an overestimation of shortwave DRE by +0.10\u2009W\u2009m\u22122 at the TOA, as goethite is not as absorbing as hematite in the shortwave spectrum range. Our study highlights the importance of iron oxides to the shortwave DRE: they have a disproportionally large impact on climate considering their small atmospheric mineral mass fractional burden (\u223c2\u2009%). An improved description of iron oxides, such as those planned in the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT), is thus essential for more accurate estimates of the dust DRE.
Copper (Cu) is a cofactor of around 300 Arabidopsis proteins, including photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transfer chain enzymes critical for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and carbon fixation. Plant acclimation to Cu deficiency requires the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7 (SPL7). We report that in the wild type (WT) and in the spl7-1 mutant, respiratory electron flux via Cu-dependent cytochrome c oxidase is unaffected under both normal and low-Cu cultivation conditions. Supplementing Cu-deficient medium with exogenous sugar stimulated growth of the WT, but not of spl7 mutants. Instead, these mutants accumulated carbohydrates, including the signaling sugar trehalose 6-phosphate, as well as ATP and NADH, even under normal Cu supply and without sugar supplementation. Delayed spl7-1 development was in agreement with its attenuated sugar responsiveness. Functional TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN and SNF1-RELATED KINASE1 signaling in spl7-1 argued against fundamental defects in these energy-signaling hubs. Sequencing of chromatin immunoprecipitates combined with transcriptome profiling identified direct targets of SPL7-mediated positive regulation, including Fe SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE1 (FSD1), COPPER-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (CITF1), and the uncharacterized bHLH23 (CITF2), as well as an enriched upstream GTACTRC motif. In summary, transducing energy availability into growth and reproductive development requires the function of SPL7. Our results could help increase crop yields, especially on Cu-deficient soils.Copper (Cu) is a cofactor of around 300 Arabidopsis proteins, including photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transfer chain enzymes critical for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and carbon fixation. Plant acclimation to Cu deficiency requires the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7 (SPL7). We report that in the wild type (WT) and in the spl7-1 mutant, respiratory electron flux via Cu-dependent cytochrome c oxidase is unaffected under both normal and low-Cu cultivation conditions. Supplementing Cu-deficient medium with exogenous sugar stimulated growth of the WT, but not of spl7 mutants. Instead, these mutants accumulated carbohydrates, including the signaling sugar trehalose 6-phosphate, as well as ATP and NADH, even under normal Cu supply and without sugar supplementation. Delayed spl7-1 development was in agreement with its attenuated sugar responsiveness. Functional TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN and SNF1-RELATED KINASE1 signaling in spl7-1 argued against fundamental defects in these energy-signaling hubs. Sequencing of chromatin immunoprecipitates combined with transcriptome profiling identified direct targets of SPL7-mediated positive regulation, including Fe SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE1 (FSD1), COPPER-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (CITF1), and the uncharacterized bHLH23 (CITF2), as well as an enriched upstream GTACTRC motif. In summary, transducing energy availability into growth and reproductive development requires the function of SPL7. Our results could help increase crop yields, especially on Cu-deficient soils. Abstract. The large uncertainty in the mineral dust direct radiative effect (DRE) hinders projections of future climate change due to anthropogenic activity. Resolving modeled dust mineral speciation allows for spatially and temporally varying refractive indices consistent with dust aerosol composition. Here, for the first time, we quantify the range in dust DRE at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) due to current uncertainties in the surface soil mineralogical content using a dust mineral-resolving climate model. We propagate observed uncertainties in soil mineral abundances from two soil mineralogy atlases along with the optical properties of each mineral into the DRE and compare the resultant range with other sources of uncertainty across six climate models. The shortwave DRE responds region-specifically to the dust burden depending on the mineral speciation and underlying shortwave surface albedo: positively when the regionally averaged annual surface albedo is larger than 0.28 and negatively otherwise. Among all minerals examined, the shortwave TOA DRE and single scattering albedo at the 0.44\u20130.63\u2009\u00b5m band are most sensitive to the fractional contribution of iron oxides to the total dust composition. The global net (shortwave plus longwave) TOA DRE is estimated to be within \u22120.23 to +0.35\u2009W\u2009m\u22122. Approximately 97\u2009% of this range relates to uncertainty in the soil abundance of iron oxides. Representing iron oxide with solely hematite optical properties leads to an overestimation of shortwave DRE by +0.10\u2009W\u2009m\u22122 at the TOA, as goethite is not as absorbing as hematite in the shortwave spectrum range. Our study highlights the importance of iron oxides to the shortwave DRE: they have a disproportionally large impact on climate considering their small atmospheric mineral mass fractional burden (\u223c2\u2009%). An improved description of iron oxides, such as those planned in the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT), is thus essential for more accurate estimates of the dust DRE. Extensive application of clustering and classification algorithms shows the potential of a CNT-based sensor array in breathomics. Biopolymers are of growing interest, but to improve some of their poor properties and performance, the formulation of bio-based blends and/or adding of nanoparticles is required. For this purpose, in this work, two different metal oxides, namely zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), at different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2%wt.) were added in polylactic acid (PLA) and polylactic acid/polyamide 11 (PLA/PA11) blends to establish their effects on solid-state properties, morphology, melt behaviour, and photo-oxidation resistance. It seems that the addition of ZnO in PLA leads to a significant reduction in its rigidity, probably due to an inefficient dispersion in the melt state, while the addition of TiO2 does not penalize PLA rigidity. Interestingly, the addition of both ZnO and TiO2 in the PLA/PA11 blend has a positive effect on the rigidity because of blend morphology refinement and leads to a slight increase in film hydrophobicity. The photo-oxidation resistance of the neat PLA and PLA/PA11 blend is significantly reduced due to the presence of both metal oxides, and this must be considered when designing potential applications. The last results suggest that both metal oxides could be considered photo-sensitive degradant agents for biopolymer and biopolymer blends. Biopolymers are of growing interest, but to improve some of their poor properties and performance, it is required the formulation of bio-based blends and/or adding of nanoparticles. For this purpose, in this work, two different metal oxides, such as zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2), at different concentrations (0.5, 1 and 2 %wt.) have been added in polylactic acid (PLA) and polylactic acid/polyamide 11 (PLA/PA11) blends to establish their effects on solid-state properties, morphology, melt behaviour, and photo-oxidation resistance. It seems that the addition of ZnO in PLA leads to a significant reduction of its rigidity probably due to an inefficient dispersion in the melt state, while the addition of TiO2 does not penalise PLA rigidity. Interestingly, the addition of both ZnO and TiO2 in PLA/PA11 blend has a positive effect on the rigidity because of blend morphology refinement and leads to a slight increase in film hydrophobicity. The photo-oxidation resistance of neat PLA and PLA/PA11 blend is significantly reduced due to the presence of both metal oxides, and this must be considered when designing the potential applications. The last results suggest that both metal oxides could be considered as photo-sensitive degradant agents for biopolymer and biopolymer blends. Abstract. The large uncertainty in the mineral dust direct radiative effect (DRE) hinders projections of future climate change due to anthropogenic activity. Resolving modeled dust mineral speciation allows for spatially and temporally varying refractive indices consistent with dust aerosol composition. Here, for the first time, we quantify the range in dust DRE at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) due to current uncertainties in the surface soil mineralogical content using a dust mineral-resolving climate model. We propagate observed uncertainties in soil mineral abundances from two soil mineralogy atlases along with the optical properties of each mineral into the DRE and compare the resultant range with other sources of uncertainty across six climate models. The shortwave DRE responds region-specifically to the dust burden depending on the mineral speciation and underlying shortwave surface albedo: positively when the regionally averaged annual surface albedo is larger than 0.28 and negatively otherwise. Among all minerals examined, the shortwave TOA DRE and single scattering albedo at the 0.44\u20130.63\u2009\u00b5m band are most sensitive to the fractional contribution of iron oxides to the total dust composition. The global net (shortwave plus longwave) TOA DRE is estimated to be within \u22120.23 to +0.35\u2009W\u2009m\u22122. Approximately 97\u2009% of this range relates to uncertainty in the soil abundance of iron oxides. Representing iron oxide with solely hematite optical properties leads to an overestimation of shortwave DRE by +0.10\u2009W\u2009m\u22122 at the TOA, as goethite is not as absorbing as hematite in the shortwave spectrum range. Our study highlights the importance of iron oxides to the shortwave DRE: they have a disproportionally large impact on climate considering their small atmospheric mineral mass fractional burden (\u223c2\u2009%). An improved description of iron oxides, such as those planned in the Earth Surface Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT), is thus essential for more accurate estimates of the dust DRE.