Selectively fluorinated compounds are found frequently in pharmaceutical and agrochemical products where currently 25\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffe2\uff80\uff89% of optimised compounds emerge from development containing at least one fluorine atom. There are many methods for the site\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific introduction of fluorine, but all are chemical and they often use environmentally challenging reagents. Biochemical processes for C\uffe2\uff88\uff92F bond formation are attractive, but they are extremely rare. In this work, the fluorinase enzyme, originally identified from the actinomycete bacterium Streptomyces cattleya, is engineered into Escherichia coli in such a manner that the organism is able to produce 5\uffe2\uff80\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90fluorodeoxyadenosine (5\uffe2\uff80\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90FDA) from S\uffe2\uff80\uff90adenosyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90l\uffe2\uff80\uff90methionine (SAM) and fluoride in live E.\uffe2\uff80\uff85coli cells. Success required the introduction of a SAM transporter and deletion of the endogenous fluoride efflux capacity in order to generate an E.\uffe2\uff80\uff85coli host that has the potential for future engineering of more elaborate fluorometabolites.
", "keywords": ["SAM transporters", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "S-Adenosylmethionine", "0303 health sciences", "Deoxyadenosines", "Halogenation", "DAS", "Fluorine", "Halogenations", "540", "QD Chemistry", "Streptomyces", "3. Good health", "03 medical and health sciences", "Bacterial Proteins", "Isomerism", "Escherichia coli", "QD", "Fluoride channels", "Genetic Engineering", "Oxidoreductases", "Fluorinases"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/cbic.202000051"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202000051"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ChemBioChem", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/cbic.202000051", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/cbic.202000051", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/cbic.202000051"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jsfa.4533", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-27", "title": "Influence Of Fertilisation Regimes On A Nosz-Containing Denitrifying Community In A Rice Paddy Soil", "description": "AbstractBACKGROUND: Denitrification is a microbial process that has received considerable attention during the past decade since it can result in losses of added nitrogen fertilisers from agricultural soils. Paddy soil has been known to have strong denitrifying activity, but the denitrifying microorganisms responsible for fertilisers in paddy soil are not well known. The objective of this study was to explore the impacts of 17\uffe2\uff80\uff90year application of inorganic and organic fertiliser (rice straw) on the abundance and composition of a nosZ\uffe2\uff80\uff90denitrifier community in paddy soil. Soil samples were collected from CK plots (no fertiliser), N (nitrogen fertiliser), NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilisers) and NPK + OM (NPK plus organic matter). The nitrous oxide reductase gene (nosZ) community composition was analysed using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism, and the abundance was determined by quantitative PCR.
RESULTS: Both the largest abundance of nosZ\uffe2\uff80\uff90denitrifier and the highest potential denitrifying activity (PDA) occurred in the NPK + OM treatment with about four times higher than that in the CK and two times higher than that in the N and NPK treatments (no significant difference). Denitrifying community composition differed significantly among fertilisation treatments except for the comparison between CK and N treatments. Of the measured abiotic factors, total organic carbon was significantly correlated with the observed differences in community composition and abundance (P < 0.01 by Monte Carlo permutation).
CONCLUSION: This study shows that the addition of different fertilisers affects the size and composition of the nosZ\uffe2\uff80\uff90denitrifier community in paddy soil. Copyright \uffc2\uffa9 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Carbon", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Genes", " Bacterial", "Denitrification", "0405 other agricultural sciences", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Monte Carlo Method", "Polymorphism", " Restriction Fragment Length", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4533"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20the%20Science%20of%20Food%20and%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/jsfa.4533", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/jsfa.4533", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/jsfa.4533"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00248-011-9897-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-29", "title": "Impacts Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers On Nitrification In A Cold Climate Soil Are Linked To The Bacterial Ammonia Oxidizer Community", "description": "The microbiology underpinning soil nitrogen cycling in northeast China remains poorly understood. These agricultural systems are typified by widely contrasting temperature, ranging from -40 to 38\u00b0C. In a long-term site in this region, the impacts of mineral and organic fertilizer amendments on potential nitrification rate (PNR) were determined. PNR was found to be suppressed by long-term mineral fertilizer treatment but enhanced by manure treatment. The abundance and structure of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) and archaeal (AOA) communities were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis techniques. The abundance of AOA was reduced by all fertilizer treatments, while the opposite response was measured for AOB, leading to a six- to 60-fold reduction in AOA/AOB ratio. The community structure of AOA exhibited little variation across fertilization treatments, whereas the structure of the AOB community was highly responsive. PNR was correlated with community structure of AOB rather than that of AOA. Variation in the community structure of AOB was linked to soil pH, total carbon, and nitrogen contents induced by different long-term fertilization regimes. The results suggest that manure amendment establishes conditions which select for an AOB community type which recovers mineral fertilizer-suppressed soil nitrification.", "keywords": ["DNA", " Bacterial", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "Bacteria", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Cold Climate", "Archaea", "Nitrification", "6. Clean water", "Genes", " Archaeal", "Soil", "DNA", " Archaeal", "Ammonia", "Genes", " Bacterial", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-011-9897-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00248-011-9897-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00248-011-9897-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00248-011-9897-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-06", "title": "Trace Elements And Activity Of Antioxidative Enzymes In Cistus Ladanifer L. Growing On An Abandoned Mine Area", "description": "The Mediterranean shrub Cistus ladanifer grows naturally in S\u00e3o Domingos (Portugal), an abandoned copper mine. High levels of trace elements in plants can generate oxidative stress increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare As, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations and the activity of the soluble and cell wall ionically bounded forms of the enzymes catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in leaves of C. ladanifer, collected in spring and summer, growing on S\u00e3o Domingos mine and on a non-contaminated area (Pomar\u00e3o). S\u00e3o Domingos soils showed high total concentrations of As (2.6 g kg(-1)) and Pb (7.3 g kg(-1)) however the available fraction represented less than 1.5% of the total. C. ladanifer population from mine showed tolerance to Pb and Zn, which attain in leaves concentrations considered toxic for plants. The enzymatic activity of catalase, peroxidise and superoxide dismutase varied with plant populations and seasons, although with no particular trend, being specific to each trace element and enzyme cell localization. Catalase activity was evenly distributed between the soluble and ionically bounded forms, whereas the ionically bounded form of peroxidase predominated relatively to total activity, and the opposite was observed for superoxide dismutase. Spring and summer leaves from the two areas presented enzymatic activities in both fractions except to peroxidase soluble activities in leaves collected in summer. C. ladanifer enzymatic activity seems to be related with the co-existence of different stress factors (trace elements concentration, temperature, UV radiation and drought). The survival and growth of this species on contaminated mining soils is due to the presence of effective antioxidant enzyme-based defence systems.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "trace elements", "Industrial Waste", "antioxidative enzymes", "Antioxidative enzymes", "01 natural sciences", "Mining", "Soil", "Cell Wall", "Soil Pollutants", "adaptative capacity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Trace elements", "Portugal", "Cistus", "Adaptative capacity", "15. Life on land", "Sulphide abandoned mine", "cistus ladanifer L.", "Trace Elements", "Plant Leaves", "Oxidative Stress", "sulphide abandoned mine", "Cistus ladanifer L.", "Oxidoreductases", "Copper"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-18", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Fertilizer On Soil Enzymatic Activity Of Wheat Field Soil In Loess Plateau, China", "description": "The effects of long-term (29 years) fertilization on local agro-ecosystems in the Loess Plateau of northwest China, containing a single or combinations of inorganic (Nitrogen, N; Phosphate, P) and organic (Mature, M Straw, S) fertilizer, including N, NP, SNP, M, MNP, and a control. The soil enzymes, including dehydrogenase, urease, alkaline phosphatase, invertase and glomalin, were investigated in three physiological stages (Jointing, Dough, and Maturity) of wheat growth at three depths of the soil profile (0-15, 16-30, 31-45 cm). We found that the application of farmyard manure and straw produced the highest values of soil enzymatic activity, especially a balanced applied treatment of MNP. Enzymatic activity was lowest in the control. Values were generally highest at dough, followed by the jointing and maturity stages, and declined with soil profile depth. The activities of the enzymes investigated here are significantly correlated with each other and are correlated with soil nutrients, in particular with soil organic carbon. Our results suggest that a balanced application of fertilizer nutrients and organic manure (especially those containing P) has positive effects on multiple soil chemical parameters, which in turn enhances enzyme activity. We emphasize the role of organic manure in maintaining soil organic matter and promoting biological activity, as its application can result in a substantial increase in agricultural production and can be sustainable for many years.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "China", "beta-Fructofuranosidase", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Urease", "Enzymes", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Soil Microbiology", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10646-014-1329-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-01-06", "title": "Effect Of Long-Term Application Of Manure And Fertilizer On Biological And Biochemical Activities In Soil During Crop Development Stages", "description": "A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of six long-term (34-year) fertilizer and farmyard manure (FYM) treatments (Control, N, NP, NPK, NPK+S, NPK+FYM) and three physiological stages of wheat growth on the microbial biomass carbon (MBC), nitrogen (MBN) and dehydrogenase, mineralizable N and phosphatase activities in soil. It was found that a balanced application of NPK+FYM gave the highest values for the measured parameters and lowest at the control. Values were generally highest at tillering, followed by the flowering and dough stages. A significant positive interaction between fertilizer treatments and physiological stages of wheat growth was observed, being highest at maximum tillering due to application of NPK+FYM. Stepwise regressions have revealed that grain yield of wheat was significantly associated with mineralizable N at tillering (R(2)=0.80), MBC at flowering (R(2)=0.90) and alkaline phosphatase activity (R(2)=0.70) at dough stages of wheat growth.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Time Factors", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon", "Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases", "Manure", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Soil Microbiology", "Triticum"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bioresource%20Technology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.biortech.2005.04.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-06-25", "title": "Influences Of Vermicomposts On Field Strawberries: Part 2. Effects On Soil Microbiological And Chemical Properties", "description": "The effects of applications of food waste and paper waste vermicomposts on some soil chemical and biological properties were evaluated in field plots planted with strawberries. Six-week old strawberries (Fragaria ananasa, var. Chandler) were transplanted into 4.5 m(2) raised beds under a plastic tunnel structure measuring 9.14 x 14.6 x 3.6 m. Vermicompost were applied at rates of 5 or 10 t ha(-1) supplemented with inorganic fertilizers to balance fertilizer recommendations for strawberries of 85-155-125 kg NPK ha(-1). Effects of vermicomposts on strawberry growth and yields have been reported previously [Arancon, N.Q., Edwards C.A., Bierman P., Welch, C., Metzger, J.D., 2004. The influence of vermicompost applications to strawberries: Part 1. Effects on growth and yield. Bioresource Technology 93:145-153]. Total extractable N, NH(4)-N, NO(3)-N and orthophosphates did not differ significantly between treatments, except on the last sampling date (harvest date) in which significantly greater amounts of NH(4)-N, NO(3)-N and orthophosphates (P traditional>conventional, highlighting the importance of integrative biomarker-based strategies for the development of the trace metal 'footprint' in Andosols.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "beta-Glucosidase", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Metals", "13. Climate action", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Oxidoreductases", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/102750/1/Parelho%202016.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology%20and%20Environmental%20Safety", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.03.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.05.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:16:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-11", "title": "Effects Of Liming On Soil Properties And Plant Performance Of Temperate Mountainous Grasslands", "description": "The application of lime or liming materials to acid-soil grasslands might help mitigate soil acidity, a major constraint to forage productivity in many temperate mountainous grasslands. Nowadays, in these mountainous grasslands, it is essential to promote agricultural practices to increase forage yield and nutritive value while preserving biodiversity and agroecosystem functioning. Two different field experiments were conducted in the Gorbeia Natural Park, northern Spain: (i) one in a calcareous mountainous grassland (Arraba) and (ii) the other in a siliceous mountainous grassland (Kurtzegan) to study the effects of a single application of two liming products, i.e. 2429 kg lime (164.3% CaCO(3)) ha(-1) and 4734 kg calcareous sand (84.3% CaCO(3)) ha(-1), applied one month before the beginning of the sheep grazing season (May-October), on soil chemical (pH, organic C, total N, C/N ratio, %Al saturation, Olsen P, exchangeable K(+) and Ca(2+)) and biological parameters (dehydrogenase, beta-glucosidase, urease, acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase activity) as well as on botanical diversity (graminoids, forbs, shrubs) and forage yield and nutritive value (crude protein, modified acid detergent fibre, digestibility). Untreated control plots were also included in the experiment. Soil sampling was carried out at the end of the sheep grazing season (6 months after liming treatment), while botanical composition was determined one year after treatments application. Although no increase in soil pH was observed in Arraba, liming significantly increased dehydrogenase activity (an indicator of soil microbial activity) by 30.4 and 86.7% at Arraba and Kurtzegan site, respectively. Liming treatments significantly improved forage yield and nutritive value in Arraba but not in Kurtzegan. Furthermore, no differences in soil biological quality, evaluated using the 'treated-soil quality index' as proposed in this work, were observed between treated and untreated soils, and between the two different lime treatments (lime, calcareous sand). It was concluded that, in acid-soil temperate mountainous grasslands, moderate liming treatments have no negative short-term effects either on soil quality or botanical composition, while resulting in improvements in forage yield and nutritive value under some conditions.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Oxides", "Biodiversity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Calcium Compounds", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Spain", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oxidoreductases", "Soil Microbiology", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.05.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.05.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.05.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.05.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00394.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-19", "title": "Quantitation And Diversity Analysis Of Ruminal Methanogenic Populations In Response To The Antimethanogenic Compound Bromochloromethane", "description": "Methyl coenzyme-M reductase A (mcrA) clone libraries were generated from microbial DNA extracted from the rumen of cattle fed a roughage diet with and without supplementation of the antimethanogenic compound bromochloromethane. Bromochloromethane reduced total methane emissions by c. 30%, with a resultant increase in propionate and branched chain fatty acids. The mcrA clone libraries revealed that Methanobrevibacter spp. were the dominant species identified. A decrease in the incidence of Methanobrevibacter spp. from the clone library generated from bromochloromethane treatment was observed. In addition, a more diverse methanogenic population with representatives from Methanococcales, Methanomicrobiales and Methanosacinales orders was observed for the bromochloromethane library. Sequence data generated from these libraries aided in the design of an mcrA-targeted quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay. The reduction in methane production by bromochloromethane was associated with an average decrease of 34% in the number of methanogenic Archaea when monitored with this qPCR assay. Dissociation curve analysis of mcrA amplicons showed a clear difference in melting temperatures for Methanobrevibacter spp. (80-82 degrees C) and all other methanongens (84-86 degrees C). A decrease in the intensity of the Methanobrevibacter spp. specific peak and an increase for the other peak in the bromochloromethane-treated animals corresponded with the changes within the clone libraries.", "keywords": ["Male", "0301 basic medicine", "Rumen", "Bromochloromethane", "Methanogens", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Euryarchaeota", "Methanobrevibacter", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "630", "03 medical and health sciences", "2402 Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology", "Animals", "Methyl coenzyme-M reductase", "Phylogeny", "Gene Library", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Hydrocarbons", " Halogenated", "2404 Microbiology", "Sequence Analysis", " DNA", "mcrA", "qPCR", "DNA", " Archaeal", "Cattle", "Oxidoreductases", "2303 Ecology", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00394.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/FEMS%20Microbiology%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00394.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00394.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00394.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/aem.01536-06", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-11-14", "title": "Community Structure Of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria Under Long-Term Application Of Mineral Fertilizer And Organic Manure In A Sandy Loam Soil", "description": "ABSTRACT The effects of mineral fertilizer (NPK) and organic manure on the community structure of soil ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was investigated in a long-term (16-year) fertilizer experiment. The experiment included seven treatments: organic manure, half organic manure N plus half fertilizer N, fertilizer NPK, fertilizer NP, fertilizer NK, fertilizer PK, and the control (without fertilization). N fertilization greatly increased soil nitrification potential, and mineral N fertilizer had a greater impact than organic manure, while N deficiency treatment (PK) had no significant effect. AOB community structure was analyzed by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of the amoA gene, which encodes the \uffce\uffb1 subunit of ammonia monooxygenase. DGGE profiles showed that the AOB community was more diverse in N-fertilized treatments than in the PK-fertilized treatment or the control, while one dominant band observed in the control could not be detected in any of the fertilized treatments. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the DGGE bands derived from N-fertilized treatments belonged to Nitrosospira cluster 3, indicating that N fertilization resulted in the dominance of Nitrosospira cluster 3 in soil. These results demonstrate that long-term application of N fertilizers could result in increased soil nitrification potential and the AOB community shifts in soil. Our results also showed the different effects of mineral fertilizer N versus organic manure N; the effects of P and K on the soil AOB community; and the importance of balanced fertilization with N, P, and K in promoting nitrification functions in arable soils.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Bacteria", "Nitrogen", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Sequence Analysis", " DNA", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "6. Clean water", "Manure", "Ammonia", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Ecosystem", "Gammaproteobacteria", "Phylogeny", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01536-06"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.01536-06", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.01536-06", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.01536-06"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/aem.02388-19", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-20", "title": "Inhibition of Ammonia Monooxygenase from Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea by Linear and Aromatic Alkynes", "description": "Archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers (AOA and AOB, respectively) initiate nitrification by oxidizing ammonia to hydroxylamine, a reaction catalyzed by ammonia monooxygenase (AMO). AMO enzyme is difficult to purify in its active form, and its structure and biochemistry remain largely unexplored. The bacterial AMO and the closely related particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) have a broad range of hydrocarbon cooxidation substrates. This study provides insights into the AMO of previously unstudied archaeal genera, by comparing the response of the archaeal AMO, a bacterial AMO, and pMMO to inhibition by linear 1-alkynes and the aromatic alkyne, phenylacetylene. Reduced sensitivity to inhibition by larger alkynes suggests that the archaeal AMO has a narrower hydrocarbon substrate range than the bacterial AMO, as previously reported for other genera of AOA. Phenylacetylene inhibited the archaeal and bacterial AMOs at different thresholds and by different mechanisms of inhibition, highlighting structural differences between the two forms of monooxygenase.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ammonia", "Alkynes", "Environmental Microbiology", "Oxidoreductases", "Archaea"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/74406/2/Accepted_Manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/74406/8/Published_Version.pdf"}, {"href": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/AEM.02388-19"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02388-19"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.02388-19", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.02388-19", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.02388-19"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/aem.71.5.2713-2722.2005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:19:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-03", "title": "Changes In Nitrogen-Fixing And Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterial Communities In Soil Of A Mixed Conifer Forest After Wildfire", "description": "ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to examine the effects of forest fire on two important groups of N-cycling bacteria in soil, the nitrogen-fixing and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Sequence and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis of nifH and amoA PCR amplicons was performed on DNA samples from unburned, moderately burned, and severely burned soils of a mixed conifer forest. PCR results indicated that the soil biomass and proportion of nitrogen-fixing and ammonia-oxidizing species was less in soil from the fire-impacted sites than from the unburned sites. The number of dominant nifH sequence types was greater in fire-impacted soils, and nifH sequences that were most closely related to those from the spore-forming taxa Clostridium and Paenibacillus were more abundant in the burned soils. In T-RFLP patterns of the ammonia-oxidizing community, terminal restriction fragments (TRFs) representing amoA cluster 1, 2, or 4 Nitrosospira spp. were dominant (80 to 90%) in unburned soils, while TRFs representing amoA cluster 3A Nitrosospira spp. dominated (65 to 95%) in fire-impacted soils. The dominance of amoA cluster 3A Nitrosospira spp. sequence types was positively correlated with soil pH (5.6 to 7.5) and NH 3 -N levels (0.002 to 0.976 ppm), both of which were higher in burned soils. The decreased microbial biomass and shift in nitrogen-fixing and ammonia-oxidizing communities were still evident in fire-impacted soils collected 14 months after the fire.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Base Sequence", "Molecular Sequence Data", "15. Life on land", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Fires", "Trees", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ammonia", "Nitrogen Fixation", "Oxidoreductases", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Polymorphism", " Restriction Fragment Length", "Soil Microbiology"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Chris M. Yeager, Diana E. Northup, Susan M. Barns, Cheryl R. Kuske, Christy C. Grow,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.5.2713-2722.2005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.71.5.2713-2722.2005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.71.5.2713-2722.2005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.71.5.2713-2722.2005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1263/jbb.102.157", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-03", "title": "Effects Of Long-Term Heavy Metal Contamination On Soil Microbial Characteristics", "description": "In this study, total heavy metal content and its effects on soil microbiological characteristics were investigated in soil samples from an area with known long-term pollution problems. The total heavy metal concentrations of contaminated soil samples were 109 and 1,558 mg/kg for Hg and As, respectively. Key microbiological parameters measured included dehydrogenase activity, ATP content and number of culturable aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi and asymbiotic nitrogen-fixers. Quantitative analysis of soil microbial populations shows a marked decrease in total culturable numbers of the different microbial groups of the contaminated soil samples. Certain groups of soil microbes were particularly sensitive to long-term contamination (asymbiotic nitrogen-fixers and heterotrophic bacteria). Dehydrogenase activity was found to be a sensitive assay for determining the effect of heavy metals on physiologically active soil microbial biomass and sustains the high applicability of this parameter for soil ecotoxicological testing as reported by other authors.", "keywords": ["Time Factors", "Fungi", "Mercury", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Arsenic", "Actinobacteria", "13. Climate action", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biomass", "Oxidoreductases", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Maria Elisa Pampulha, A. Oliveira,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1263/jbb.102.157"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Bioscience%20and%20Bioengineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1263/jbb.102.157", "name": "item", "description": "10.1263/jbb.102.157", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1263/jbb.102.157"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.13287/j.1001-9332.201611.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "description": "We evaluated responses of hydrolase and oxidase activities in a subtropical Pinus elliottii plantation through a nitrogen (N) addition field experiment (dosage level: 0, 40, 120 kg N\u00b7hm-2\u00b7a-1). The results showed that N additions significantly decreased the carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus related hydrolase and oxidase activities. The activities of \u03b2-1,4-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), \u03b2-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and peroxidase (PER) activities were decreased by 16.5%-51.1% due to N additions, and the decrease was more remarkable in the higher N addition treatment. The activities of \u03b1-1,4-glucosidase (aG), \u03b2-1,4-xylosidase (BX), acid phosphatase (AP) and phenol oxidase (PPO) were decreased by 14.5%-38.6% by N additions, however, there was no significant difference among the different N addition treatments. Soil enzyme activities varied obviously in different seasons. The activities of BG, NAG, BX, CBH, AP and PPO were in the order of March > June > October, and aG and PER activities were in the order of October > March > June. Most of the soil hydrolase and oxidase activities were positively correlated with soil pH, but negatively with NO3--N content. It indicated that N additions inhibited soil hydrolase and oxidase activities by reducing soil pH and increasing soil nitrification. N additions inhibited the soil organic matter mineralization and turnover in the subtropical area, and the effects were obvious with the increasing dosage of N additions.", "keywords": ["Soil", "Hydrolases", "Nitrogen", "Phosphorus", "Oxidoreductases", "Pinus", "Nitrification", "Carbon", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.13287/j.1001-9332.201611.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ying%20yong%20sheng%20tai%20xue%20bao%20%3D%20The%20journal%20of%20applied%20ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.13287/j.1001-9332.201611.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.13287/j.1001-9332.201611.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.13287/j.1001-9332.201611.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-11-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1631/jzus.b1200013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-03", "title": "Abundance And Composition Of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria And Archaea In Different Types Of Soil In The Yangtze River Estuary", "description": "Tidal flats are soil resources of great significance. Nitrification plays a central role in the nitrogen cycle and is often a critical first step in nitrogen removal from estuarine and coastal environments. We determined the abundance as well as composition of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in different soils during land reclamation process. The abundance of AOA was higher than that of AOB in farm land and wild land while AOA was not detected in tidal flats using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The different abundances of AOB and AOA were negatively correlated with the salinity. The diversities of AOB and AOA were also investigated using clone libraries by amplification of amoA gene. Among AOB, nearly all sequences belonged to the Nitrosomonas lineage in the initial land reclamation process, i.e., tidal flats, while both Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira lineages were detected in later and transition phases of land reclamation process, farm land and wild land. The ratio of the numbers of sequences of Nitrosomonas and Nitrosospira lineages was positively correlated with the salinity and the net nitrification rate. As for AOA, there was no obvious correlation with the changes in the physicochemical properties of the soil. This study suggests that AOB may be more import than AOA with respect to influencing the different land reclamation process stages.", "keywords": ["DNA", " Bacterial", "0301 basic medicine", "China", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Archaeal Proteins", "Molecular Sequence Data", "Genes", " Archaeal", "03 medical and health sciences", "Bacterial Proteins", "Rivers", "Ammonia", "14. Life underwater", "Phylogeny", "0303 health sciences", "Bacteria", "Biodiversity", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "Archaea", "Nitrification", "6. Clean water", "DNA", " Archaeal", "Genes", " Bacterial", "13. Climate action", "Estuaries", "Oxidoreductases", "Oxidation-Reduction"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.b1200013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Zhejiang%20University%20SCIENCE%20B", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1631/jzus.b1200013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1631/jzus.b1200013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1631/jzus.b1200013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2006.0501", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:21:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-17", "title": "Methane Oxidation In An Intensively Cropped Tropical Rice Field Soil Under Long-Term Application Of Organic And Mineral Fertilizers", "description": "AbstractMethane (CH4) oxidation is the only known biological sink process for mitigating atmospheric and terrestrial emissions of CH4, a major greenhouse gas. Methane oxidation in an alluvial soil planted to rice (Oryza sativaL.) under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term application of organic (compost with a C/N ratio of 21.71), and mineral fertilizers was measured in a field\uffe2\uff80\uff90cum\uffe2\uff80\uff90laboratory incubation study. Oxidation rates were quantified in terms of decrease in the concentration of CH4in the headspace of incubation vessels and expressed as half\uffe2\uff80\uff90life (t\uffc2\uffbd) values. Methane oxidation rates significantly differed among the treatments and growth stages of the rice crop. Methane oxidation rates were high at the maximum tillering and maturity stages, whereas they were low at grain\uffe2\uff80\uff90filling stage. Methane oxidation was low (t\uffc2\uffbd= 15.76 d) when provided with low concentration of CH4On the contrary, high concentration of CH4resulted in faster oxidation (t\uffc2\uffbd= 6.67 d), suggesting the predominance of \uffe2\uff80\uff9clow affinity oxidation\uffe2\uff80\uff9d in rice fields. Methane oxidation was stimulated following the application of mineral fertilizers or compost implicating nutrient limitation as one of the factors affecting the process. Combined application of compost and mineral fertilizer, however, inhibited CH4oxidation probably due to N immobilization by the added compost. The positive effect of mineral fertilizer on CH4oxidation rate was evident only at high CH4concentration (t\uffc2\uffbd= 4.80 d), while at low CH4concentration their was considerable suppression (t\uffc2\uffbd= 17.60 d). Further research may reveal that long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term application of fertilizers, organic or inorganic, may not inhibit CH4oxidation.
", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Minerals", "Tropical Climate", "Time Factors", "Chemical Phenomena", "Chemistry", " Physical", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Food", " Organic", "Fertilizers", "Oxidoreductases", "Methane", "Oxidation-Reduction", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2006.0501"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2006.0501", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2006.0501", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2006.0501"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3008606248", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:27:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-20", "title": "Inhibition of Ammonia Monooxygenase from Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea by Linear and Aromatic Alkynes", "description": "Archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers (AOA and AOB, respectively) initiate nitrification by oxidizing ammonia to hydroxylamine, a reaction catalyzed by ammonia monooxygenase (AMO). AMO enzyme is difficult to purify in its active form, and its structure and biochemistry remain largely unexplored. The bacterial AMO and the closely related particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) have a broad range of hydrocarbon cooxidation substrates. This study provides insights into the AMO of previously unstudied archaeal genera, by comparing the response of the archaeal AMO, a bacterial AMO, and pMMO to inhibition by linear 1-alkynes and the aromatic alkyne, phenylacetylene. Reduced sensitivity to inhibition by larger alkynes suggests that the archaeal AMO has a narrower hydrocarbon substrate range than the bacterial AMO, as previously reported for other genera of AOA. Phenylacetylene inhibited the archaeal and bacterial AMOs at different thresholds and by different mechanisms of inhibition, highlighting structural differences between the two forms of monooxygenase.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ammonia", "Alkynes", "Environmental Microbiology", "Oxidoreductases", "Archaea"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/74406/2/Accepted_Manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/74406/8/Published_Version.pdf"}, {"href": "https://journals.asm.org/doi/pdf/10.1128/AEM.02388-19"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3008606248"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3008606248", "name": "item", "description": "3008606248", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3008606248"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC7170481", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-13T16:30:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-20", "title": "Inhibition of Ammonia Monooxygenase from Ammonia-Oxidizing Archaea by Linear and Aromatic Alkynes", "description": "Archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers (AOA and AOB, respectively) initiate nitrification by oxidizing ammonia to hydroxylamine, a reaction catalyzed by ammonia monooxygenase (AMO). AMO enzyme is difficult to purify in its active form, and its structure and biochemistry remain largely unexplored. The bacterial AMO and the closely related particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) have a broad range of hydrocarbon cooxidation substrates. This study provides insights into the AMO of previously unstudied archaeal genera, by comparing the response of the archaeal AMO, a bacterial AMO, and pMMO to inhibition by linear 1-alkynes and the aromatic alkyne, phenylacetylene. Reduced sensitivity to inhibition by larger alkynes suggests that the archaeal AMO has a narrower hydrocarbon substrate range than the bacterial AMO, as previously reported for other genera of AOA. Phenylacetylene inhibited the archaeal and bacterial AMOs at different thresholds and by different mechanisms of inhibition, highlighting structural differences between the two forms of monooxygenase.
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