Abstract. The p\uffc3\uffa1ramo is a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90altitude ecosystem of the northern Andes. The vegetation is continuous, with grasses as the dominant groundcover. Because of their high water retention, p\uffc3\uffa1ramos play a fundamental role in water availability for all the population of the inter\uffe2\uff80\uff90Andean valleys. There are many studies of this specific ecosystem, but very few are focussed on overgrazing and its effect on vegetation and soil properties. Intensive grazing started less than 20 years ago and was studied in a representative area in the western Cordillera of central Ecuador covered by recent volcanic ash deposits. Intensive sheep grazing has led to a strong decline in the number of plant species, the replacement of the tussock grass vegetation by a short carpet grass vegetation, and an increase of bare land. In that area, the upper 50 cm of Andisols are deeply affected by a convergent decrease of Al and Fe oxalate and pyrophosphate in soil extracts, carbon contents decrease from 100 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 to less than 50 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in the humid zone, from 70 to 40 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in the dry zone and a reduction of water\uffe2\uff80\uff90retention capacity at \uffe2\uff88\uff9233 kPa matrix potential from 800 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 to 200 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in humid zones, from 350 to less than 100 g kg\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in drier areas. They showed also a decrease in the macrostructure and the development of a highly water repellent microstructure. All these important transformations favour the development of aeolian erosion in dry areas, runoff on bare surfaces, and gully erosion on slopes. The role of the p\uffc3\uffa1ramo in water\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation of this ecosystem seems to have been adversely affected for the future.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "COUVERT VEGETAL", "SOL", "EROSION", "HUMIDITE DU SOL", "PATURAGE", "CENDRE VOLCANIQUE", "DIVERSITE SPECIFIQUE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "CARBONE", "STRUCTURE DU SOL", "CAPACITE D'ECHANGE CATIONIQUE", "SUREXPLOITATION", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "DEGRADATION DU SOL", "IMPACT SUR L'ENVIRONNEMENT"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00049.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00049.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00049.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00049.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1006/jare.1998.0475", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:14:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-10-07", "title": "Effects Of Livestock Grazing On Physical And Chemical Properties Of Sandy Soils In Sahelian Rangelands", "description": "The effects of grazing by livestock on soil surface features, bulk density and chemical properties were studied at the completion of a 4-year grazing experiment carried out in SadoreH, Niger. Grazing treatments were a factorial arrangement of two stocking rates (62\u00b75 and 125 kg live weight ha~1) and four sheep:goat ratios (0:6, 2:4, 4:2 and 6:0 animals per pasture), with two pastures per treatment and two ungrazed controls. Observations were also made in a fallow subjected to 9 years of intense and uncontrolled mixed grazing, and in a site that had been protected from grazing for 15 years. The topsoil was sampled (at depths of 0\u20132, 2\u20136, 6\u201314 and 14\u201330 cm) below shrub canopy in herbaceous vegetation and in bare soil patches within each of 20 paddocks for determination of pH, organic C, and total N and P concentrations. Soil bulk density was measured in a subset of soil profiles. The areal extent of different types of soil crusts and other soil surface features was assessed in one-half of the paddocks. Grazing resulted in a reduction (p(0\u00b701) and fragmentation of the area of crusted soils. However, this trend was partially compensated for by an increase of newly formed crusts. As a result, the soil infiltration index slightly increased with moderate grazing, but decreased at higher stocking rates. Compaction due to trampling was observed in the topsoil beneath the shrub canopy and also in vegetated patches, but only under intense grazing pressure. Soil bulk density was not affected by grazing except for an increase observed below 10 cm depth at the understorey of shrubs which is therefore unlikely due to trampling. When compared to the ungrazed control, pH, organic C and N concentrations, and to lesser extent P concentration, decreased after 4 years of grazing. Soil P and pH further decreased after 9 years of very high grazing pressure. However, neither N nor organic C decreased further.", "keywords": ["Technology", "570", "Economics", "PH", "630", "PROPRIETE CHIMIQUE", "AZOTE", "sandy soils", "grazing", "2. Zero hunger", "DENSITE", "SURFACE DU SOL", "MATIERE ORGANIQUE", "PATURAGE", "PHOSPHORE", "Production", "ETUDE D'IMPACT", "Agriculture-Farming", "CYCLE D'ELEMENT", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "GRANULOMETRIE", "rangelands", "CARBONE ORGANIQUE", "livestock", "soil chemical properties", "BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE", "soil physical properties", "ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil types", "CROUTE D'ALTERATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1998.0475"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1006/jare.1998.0475", "name": "item", "description": "10.1006/jare.1998.0475", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1006/jare.1998.0475"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:15:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-02-05", "title": "Effects Of Forest Conversion To Pasture On Soil Carbon Content And Dynamics In Brazilian Amazonia", "description": "Abstract Soils play an important role in the carbon cycle, and deforestation in the tropics affects both soil carbon storage and CO2 release into the atmosphere. The consequences of deforestation and conversion to pasture for soil carbon content and dynamics were examined in two soil types differing mainly by their texture. Two chronosequences were selected, each consisting of an intact forest and three pastures of different ages (4, 8, 15 years and 3, 9, 15 years, respectively). One chronosequence is located in the central part of the Brazilian Amazon basin, where the soils are clayey ferralsols, and the second in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon Basin, where the soils are sandy clayey acrisols. In the upper layer the C content of clayey soils was three times higher than in the sandy soils, but despite the differences in soil texture, the C distribution in the particle-size fractions was quite similar. In the two chronosequences, the conversion to pasture induced a slight increase in C content. Bulk density increases were greater on soils with lower clay contents. The 13 C measurements, which allowed to calculate the distribution of C derived from forest and from pasture, showed that all the particle-size fractions incorporated C derived from pasture and that a significant proportion of the young organic matter is rapidly trapped in the finest fractions. Although the proportions of pasture-derived C were higher in the sandy soils than in the clayey soils, the amounts of pasture-derived C in the particle-size fractions were 2\u20133 times larger in the clayey soils than in the sandy soils.", "keywords": ["rain-forest", "550", "ZONE TROPICALE", "c-13 natural abundance", "TEXTURE", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "630", "Carbon Cycle", "C-13 isotope", "Amazonia", "EVOLUTION DES SOLS SOUS CULTURE", "STRUCTURE DU SOL", "soil carbon storage", "particle-size fractions", "Pasture", "cultivated oxisols", "ANALYSE ISOTOPIQUE", "SABLE", "eastern amazonia", "Deforestation", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Acrisol", "2. Zero hunger", "tropical soils Organic-matter dynamics", "Brasil", "size-fractions", "PATURAGE", "turnover", "Soil Carbon", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "South America", "15. Life on land", "CARBONE ORGANIQUE", "STOCK ORGANIQUE", "ARGILE", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "DEFORESTATION", "texture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Desjardins, T., Barros, E., Sarrazin, M., Girardin, C., Mariotti, A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2003.12.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1013359319380", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-23", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration In Tropical Areas. General Considerations And Analysis Of Some Edaphic Determinants For Lesser Antilles Soils", "description": "Some general notions on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and the difficulties to evaluate this process globally are presented. Problems of time- and space- scales are emphasized. SOC erosion, which is generally difficult to evaluate in relation to land use changes, is discussed in detail. Different aspects of SOC sequestration on the Lesser Antilles are presented for a wide range of soil types. Comparisons between soils revealed that the SOC stocks in the Lesser Antilles are highly dependent upon the mineralogy: higher stocks for allophanic (ALL) soils than for low activity clay (LAC) and high activity clay (HAC) soils. But in terms of potential of SOC sequestration (pSeq-SOC, differences between permanent vegetation and continuous cultivation situations), there are no differences between ALL and LAC soils (22.9 and 23.3 tC. ha\u22121, respectively). On the other hand, the potentials of SOC sequestration were higher for HAC soils (30.8 \u2013 59.4 tC. ha\u22121, with the higher levels in the less Mg- and Na-affected Vertisol). Sheet erosion is a serious problem for Vertisol with high Mg and Na on exchange complex, causing high dispersability of fine elements. Thus, the lower SOC levels in these soils may be partly due to erosion losses. Laboratory incubations have shown that 37 \u2013 53% of the protected SOC in these soils was located in aggregates larger than 0.2 mm. The effect of agricultural practices on SOC sequestration was studied for the Vertisols. Intensification of pastures led to higher plant productivity and higher organic matter restitutions and SOC sequestration. The gain was 53.5 and 25.4 tC. ha\u22121 for the low and high-Mg Vertisol, respectively (0\u201320 cm layer). SOC sequestration with pastures also depends upon the plot history with lower mean annual increase in SOC for the initially eroded (1.0 gC . kg\u22121 soil . yr\u22121) than for the non-degraded (1.5 gC . kg\u22121 soil . yr\u22121) Vertisol. Loss of SOC in a pasture-market gardening rotation was 22.2 tC . ha\u22121 with deep (30\u201340 cm) and 10.7 tC . ha\u22121 with surface (10\u201315 cm) tillage. It was unclear whether the differences in SOC losses were due to mineralization and/or to erosion.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "SOL", "550", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "PATURAGE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "AGREGAT", "15. Life on land", "CARBONE ORGANIQUE", "PRATIQUE CULTURALE", "MINERALOGIE", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "STOCK ORGANIQUE", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "UTILISATION DU SOL", "TEXTURE DU SOL"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1013359319380"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nutrient%20Cycling%20in%20Agroecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1013359319380", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1013359319380", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1013359319380"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-204x2000000100018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-26T16:19:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-10-04", "title": "N\u00edvel E Natureza Do Estoque Org\u00e2nico De Latossolos Sob Diferentes Sistemas De Uso E Manejo", "description": "O papel fundamental da mat\uffc3\uffa9ria org\uffc3\uffa2nica (MO) justifica o crescente interesse pela identifica\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de sistemas de uso e manejo que melhorem o estoque org\uffc3\uffa2nico em solos tropicais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar varia\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es quantitativas e qualitativas da MO e caracterizar compartimentos org\uffc3\uffa2nicos em um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro argiloso sob vegeta\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o natural antropizada (CER), pastagem de longa dura\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o (PAL), pastagem degradada (PAD), e pousio (PAC), comparados com culturas sob preparo convencional (CCL) e plantio direto (PD). Foi encontrada pouca varia\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o dos estoques org\uffc3\uffa2nicos na camada superficial, explicada pela antropiza\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o da vegeta\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o em CER, pela n\uffc3\uffa3o-exporta\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o dos res\uffc3\uffadduos em PD e CCL e pela pr\uffc3\uffa1tica de pousio em PAC. Fracionamento granulom\uffc3\uffa9trico, considerando os compartimentos: res\uffc3\uffadduos vegetais (20-2.000 \uffc2\uffb5m), organo-siltoso (2-20 \uffc2\uffb5m) e organo-argiloso (0-2 \uffc2\uffb5m), mostrou diferen\uffc3\uffa7as na qualidade da MO quando comparadas situa\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es edafoambientais semelhantes. Mesmo com pequenas varia\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es, o compartimento res\uffc3\uffadduos vegetais foi um indicador da evolu\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o dos estoques org\uffc3\uffa2nicos, permitindo a caracteriza\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o da degrada\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o nas pastagens e do efeito do plantio direto, quando comparado ao sistema convencional. PD favoreceu a estocagem de C no compartimento organo-argiloso. Solos estudados diferem de outros solos argilosos tropicais pela mais elevada rela\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o C/N encontrada nas fra\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es 0-20 \uffc2\uffb5m.
", "keywords": ["Agriculture (General)", "SAVANE", "LATOSOL", "01 natural sciences", "mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica", "S1-972", "pastagens", "ANALYSE QUALITATIVE", "ANALYSE QUANTITATIVE", "zero tillage", "Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro", "organic matter", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "solos argilosos", "SOL", "Cerrados", "MATIERE ORGANIQUE", "SYSTEME DE CULTURE", "PATURAGE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "organic compartments", "clayey soils", "15. Life on land", "GRANULOMETRIE", "granulometric fraction", "JACHERE", "Dark-Red Latosol", "pasture", "STOCK ORGANIQUE", "plantio direto", "acid savannas (Cerrados)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "compartimentos org\u00e2nicos", "VEGETATION", "UTILISATION DU SOL", "SOL ARGILEUX", "fra\u00e7\u00e3o granulom\u00e9trica"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Freitas, P. L. de, /Blancaneaux, Philippe, /Gavinelli, Evelyne, /Larr\u00e9 Larrouy, Marie-Christine, /Feller, Christian,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-204x2000000100018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pesquisa%20Agropecu%C3%A1ria%20Brasileira", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-204x2000000100018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-204x2000000100018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-204x2000000100018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=PATURAGE&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=PATURAGE&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=PATURAGE&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=PATURAGE&offset=5", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 5, "numberReturned": 5, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-26T21:03:58.919801Z"}