{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:24:51Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data on soil compounds, respiration and incorporation of 13C-labeled substrate", "description": "Open AccessSee Readme.pdf", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microdialysis", "respiration rates", "compound concentration in soil solution", "PLFA and NLFA", "13C isotopic labeling", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wiesenbauer, Julia, Kaiser, Christina,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/jpln.202000487", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-04", "title": "Oat, corncockle, and lupine growth affects resin\u2010extractable soil phosphorus and soil microbial properties differently#", "description": "AbstractBackground

Improved use of legacy phosphorus (P) in agricultural soils is requested to reduce the need for P fertilizers. Adapted use of cover crops (CCs) may be a promising tool to support this.

Aim

We estimated the P allocation to roots and shoots of oat (Avena sativa, cv Posedion), corncockle (Agrostemma githago), and lupine (Lupinus angustifolius, cv Iris) and their effect on soil enzyme activity, microbial community structure, and indices of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90available soil\uffc2\uffa0P.

Methods

We grew the CCs in pots on soils with low\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90P status. After 40\uffc2\uffa0days, we measured P, N, and C uptake in shoots and roots; soil microbial C, N, and P; and pH and inorganic P extracted with water (PH2O) and anion\uffe2\uff80\uff90exchange resins (Presin). Soil microbial activity and community structure were assessed by determining phosphomono\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and phosphodiesterase, \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase, and N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase activity and by extraction of phospholipid and neutral lipid fatty acids (PLFAs and NFLAs).

Results

Corncockle and lupine took up similar amounts of P, but corncockle had an almost fourfold higher concentration of P. In the low\uffe2\uff80\uff90P soil, the activity of phosphomonoesterase and soil microbial biomass (total microbial PLFA) were higher after lupine. CCs did not affect PH2O, but after corncockle, Presin was reduced in the medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90P soil. Oat enhanced the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil.

Conclusions

Our results thus suggest that CC species with different P uptake and P uptake strategies can modify aspects in soil of potential importance for the P supply of the following main crop.We determined soil microbial community composition and function in a field experiment in which plant communities of increasing species richness were exposed to factorial elevated CO2 and nitrogen (N) deposition treatments. Because elevated CO2 and N deposition increased plant productivity to a greater extent in more diverse plant assemblages, it is plausible that heterotrophic microbial communities would experience greater substrate availability, potentially increasing microbial activity, and accelerating soil carbon (C) and N cycling. We, therefore, hypothesized that the response of microbial communities to elevated CO2 and N deposition is contingent on the species richness of plant communities. Microbial community composition was determined by phospholipid fatty acid analysis, and function was measured using the activity of key extracellular enzymes involved in litter decomposition. Higher plant species richness, as a main effect, fostered greater microbial biomass, cellulolytic and chitinolytic capacity, as well as the abundance of saprophytic and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Moreover, the effect of plant species richness on microbial communities was significantly modified by elevated CO2 and N deposition. For instance, microbial biomass and fungal abundance increased with greater species richness, but only under combinations of elevated CO2 and ambient N, or ambient CO2 and N deposition. Cellobiohydrolase activity increased with higher plant species richness, and this trend was amplified by elevated CO2. In most cases, the effect of plant species richness remained significant even after accounting for the influence of plant biomass. Taken together, our results demonstrate that plant species richness can directly regulate microbial activity and community composition, and that plant species richness is a significant determinant of microbial response to elevated CO2 and N deposition. The strong positive effect of plant species richness on cellulolytic capacity and microbial biomass indicate that the rates of soil C cycling may decline with decreasing plant species richness.

", "keywords": ["Extracellular Enzymes", "Complementary Resource Use", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Grassland Ecosystem", "Phospholipid Fatty Acid (PLFA)", "Global Change", "14. Life underwater", "complimentary resource use", "global change", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "Plant Diversity", "microbial biomass", "Geology and Earth Sciences", "grasslands", "Soil Fungi", "extracellular enzymes", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microbial Biomass", "Soil C Cycling", "plant diversity", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "FACE (Free-air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01313.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-01-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-012-0721-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-19", "title": "Grazing Effects On Microbial Community Composition, Growth And Nutrient Cycling In Salt Marsh And Sand Dune Grasslands", "description": "The effect of grazing by large herbivores on the microbial community and the ecosystem functions they provide are relatively unknown in grassland systems. In this study, the impact of grazing upon the size, composition and activity of the soil microbial community was measured in field experiments in two coastal ecosystems: one salt marsh and one sand dune grassland. Bacterial, fungal and total microbial biomass were not systematically affected by grazing across ecosystems, although, within an ecosystem, differences could be detected. Fungal-to-bacterial ratio did not differ with grazing for either habitat. Redundancy analysis showed that soil moisture, bulk density and root biomass significantly explained the composition of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) markers, dominated by the distinction between the two grassland habitats, but where the grazing effect could also be resolved. PLFA markers for Gram-positive bacteria were more proportionally abundant in un-grazed, and markers for Gram-negative bacteria in grazed grasslands. Bacterial growth rate (leucine incorporation) was highest in un-grazed salt marsh but did not vary with grazing intensity in the sand dune grassland. We conclude that grazing consistently affects the composition of the soil microbial community in semi-natural grasslands but that its influence is small (7 % of the total variation in PLFA composition), compared with differences between grassland types (89 %). The relatively small effect of grazing translated to small effects on measurements of soil microbial functions, including N and C mineralisation. This study is an early step toward assessing consequences of land-use change for global nutrient cycles driven by the microbial community.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "bacterial growth rate", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "decomposer ecology", "nutrient cycling", "livestock grazing", "PLFAs", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-012-0721-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-012-0721-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-012-0721-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-012-0721-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-10", "title": "Short-Term Effects Of Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers On Soil Microbial Community Structure And Function", "description": "Open AccessA field study was carried out to analyze the short-term impacts of replacing mineral by organic fertilizers on the microbial and biochemical parameters relevant for soil fertility and crop yield. Three types of fertilization regimes were compared: (1) conventional fertilizer regime with inorganic fertilizer, and combined integrated fertilizer regimes in which 25 % of the nutrients were supplied by either (2) rabbit manure or (3) vermicompost. The effects on microbial community structure and function (phospholipid fatty acid [PLFA] profiles, bacterial growth, fungal growth, basal respiration, \u03b2-glucosidase, protease and phosphomonoesterase activities), soil biochemical properties (total C, dissolved organic carbon [DOC], N-NH4 +, N-NO3 \u2212, PO4, total K) and crop yield were investigated in the samples collected from the experimental soil at harvest, 3 months after addition of fertilizer. The integrated fertilizer regimes stimulated microbial growth, altered the structure of soil microbial community and increased enzyme activity relative to inorganic fertilization. Bacterial growth was particularly influenced by the type of fertilizer regime supplied, while fungal growth only responded to the amount of fertilizer provided. The use of manure produced a fast increase in the abundance of PLFA biomarkers for Gram-negative bacteria as compared to inorganic fertilizer. Nutrient supply and crop yield with organic fertilizers were maintained at similar levels to those obtained with inorganic fertilizer. The effects of the organic amendments were observed even when they involved a small portion of the total amount of nutrients supplied; thereby confirming that some of the beneficial effects of integrated fertilizer strategies may occur in the short term.", "keywords": ["Manure", "2. Zero hunger", "2511 Ciencias del Suelo (Edafolog\u00eda)", "13. Climate action", "Sustainable agriculture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil enzymes", "PLFAs", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Vermicompost", "6. Clean water", "Organic fertilizers"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-012-0761-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-012-1547-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-14", "title": "Snow Cover Manipulation Effects On Microbial Community Structure And Soil Chemistry In A Mountain Bog", "description": "Background and Aims Alterations in snow cover driven by climate change may impact ecosystem functioning, including biogeochemistry and soil (microbial) processes. We elucidated the effects of snow cover manipulation (SCM) on above-and belowground processes in a temperate peatland.", "keywords": ["trends", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "biomass", "tundra soils", "variability", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "dynamics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "forest soil", "freeze-thaw cycles", "Microbial communities; peatland; phosphatase activity; Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA); Snow cover manipulation; \uf020Winter Ecology", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "climate-change", "rv-coefficient", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/412453/2/Robroek_2013_Plant_and_Soil.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-012-1547-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-012-1547-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-012-1547-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-012-1547-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-014-2181-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-02", "title": "Nutrient Availability And Ph Jointly Constrain Microbial Extracellular Enzyme Activities In Nutrient-Poor Tundra Soils", "description": "Tundra soils, which usually contain low concentrations of soil nutrients and have a low pH, store a large proportion of the global soil carbon (C) pool. The importance of soil nitrogen (N) availability for microbial activity in the tundra has received a great deal of attention; however, although soil pH is known to exert a considerable impact on microbial activities across ecosystems, the importance of soil pH in the tundra has not been experimentally investigated. We tested a hypothesis that low nutrient availability and pH may limit microbial biomass and microbial capacity for organic matter degradation in acidic tundra heaths by analyzing potential extracellular enzyme activities and microbial biomass after 6\u00a0years of factorial treatments of fertilization and liming. Increasing nutrients enhanced the potential activity of \u03b2-glucosidase (synthesized for cellulose degradation). Increasing soil pH, in contrast, reduced the potential activity of \u03b2-glucosidase. The soil phospholipid fatty acid concentrations (PLFAs; indicative of the amount of microbial biomass) increased in response to fertilization but were not influenced by liming. Our results show that soil nutrient availability and pH together control extracellular enzyme activities but with largely differing or even opposing effects. When nutrient limitation was alleviated by fertilization, microbial biomass and enzymatic capacity for cellulose decomposition increased, which likely facilitates greater decomposition of soil organic matter. Increased soil pH, in contrast, reduced enzymatic capacity for cellulose decomposition, which could be related with the bioavailability of organic substrates.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "typpi", "pH", "13. Climate action", "entsyymiaktiivisuus", "PLFA", "610", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "TUNDRA"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-014-2181-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-014-2181-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-014-2181-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-014-2181-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-022-05340-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-03-22", "title": "The role of microbes in the increase of organic phosphorus availability in the rhizosheath of cover crops", "description": "AbstractBackground and aims

The characterisation of plant-available phosphorus (P) pools and the assessment of the microbial community in the rhizosheath of cover crops can improve our understanding of plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93microbe interactions and P availability.

Methods

Mustard (Sinapis alba), phacelia (Phacelia tanacetifolia) and buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) were grown as cover crops before soybean (Glycine max) in an on-farm experiment on a soil low in available P in southwest Germany. The cycling of P through the cover crop biomass and the enzyme-availability of organic P (Porg) pools in the cover crop rhizosheath were characterised. The soil microbial community (PLFA), activity (acid and alkaline phosphomonoesterase, as well as phosphodiesterase), and microbial P were assessed. The abundance of 16S-rRNA andphoD, coding for alkaline phosphomonoesterase in bacteria, were quantified using real-time qPCR.

Results

Mustard contained the greatest amount of P in its large biomass. In the rhizosheath of all cover crops, the concentration of enzyme-labile Porgwas higher than that in the control bulk soil, along with substantial increases of microbial abundance and activity. There were little differences among cover crop species, few changes in the bulk soil and only a limited carryover effect to soybean, except for fungi.

Conclusions

Turnover of microbial biomass, especially saprotrophic fungi, increased by rhizodeposition of cover crop roots; this was likely responsible for the observed increases in enzyme-available Porg. Microbial function was correlated linearly with microbial biomass, and the data of enzyme activity andphoDdid not suggest a difference of their specific activity between bulk and rhizosheath soil.Despite the global significance of the subsurface biosphere, the degree to which it depends on surface organic carbon (OC) is still poorly understood. Here, we compare stable and radiogenic carbon isotope compositions of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) with those of in situ potential microbial C sources to assess the major C sources for subsurface microorganisms in biogeochemical distinct shallow aquifers (Critical Zone Exploratory, Thuringia Germany). Despite the presence of younger OC, the microbes assimilated 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90free OC to varying degrees; ~31% in groundwater within the oxic zone, ~47% in an iron reduction zone, and ~70% in a sulfate reduction/anammox zone. The persistence of trace amounts of mature and partially biodegraded hydrocarbons suggested that autochthonous petroleum\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived hydrocarbons were a potential 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90free C source for heterotrophs in the oxic zone. In this zone, \uffce\uff9414C values of dissolved inorganic carbon (\uffe2\uff88\uff92366\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa018\uffe2\uff80\uffb0) and 11MeC16:0 (\uffe2\uff88\uff92283\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa032\uffe2\uff80\uffb0), an important component in autotrophic nitrite oxidizers, were similar enough to indicate that autotrophy is an important additional C fixation pathway. In anoxic zones, methane as an important C source was unlikely since the 13C\uffe2\uff80\uff90fractionations between the PLFAs and CH4 were inconsistent with kinetic isotope effects associated with methanotrophy. In the sulfate reduction/anammox zone, the strong 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90depletion of 10MeC16:0 (\uffe2\uff88\uff92942\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa022\uffe2\uff80\uffb0), a PLFA common in sulfate reducers, indicated that those bacteria were likely to play a critical part in 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90free sedimentary OC cycling. Results indicated that the 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90content of microbial biomass in shallow sedimentary aquifers results from complex interactions between abundance and bioavailability of naturally occurring OC, hydrogeology, and specific microbial metabolisms.Field\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) clones (clone 4 and 80) were exposed to elevated CO2 and O3 in open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers for three consecutive growing seasons (1999\uffe2\uff80\uff932001). At the beginning of the OTC experiment, all trees were 7 years old. We studied the single and interaction effects of CO2 and O3 on silver birch below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground carbon pools (i.e. effects on fine roots and mycorrhizas, soil microbial communities and sporocarp production) and also assessed whether there are any clonal differences in these below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground CO2 and O3 responses. The total mycorrhizal infection level of both clones was stimulated by elevated CO2 alone and elevated O3 alone, but not when elevated CO2 was used in fumigation in combination with elevated O3. In both clones, elevated CO2 affected negatively light brown/orange mycorrhizas, while its effect on other mycorrhizal morphotypes was negligible. Elevated O3, instead, clearly decreased the proportions of black and liver\uffe2\uff80\uff90brown mycorrhizas and increased that of light brown/orange mycorrhizas. Elevated O3 had a tendency to decrease standing fine root mass and sporocarp production as well, both of these O3 effects mainly manifesting in clone 4 trees. CO2 and O3 treatment effects on soil microbial community composition (PLFA, 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90OH\uffe2\uff80\uff90FA profiles) were negligible, but quantitative PLFA data showed that in 2001 the PLFA fungi\uffe2\uff80\uff83:\uffe2\uff80\uff83bacteria\uffe2\uff80\uff90ratio of clone 80 trees was marginally increased because of elevated CO2 treatments. This study shows that O3 effects were most clearly visible at the mycorrhizal root level and that some clonal differences in CO2 and O3 responses were observable in the below\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground carbon pools. In conclusion, the present data suggests that CO2 effects were minor, whereas increasing tropospheric O3 levels can be an important stress factor in northern birch forests, as they might alter mycorrhizal morphotype assemblages, mycorrhizal infection rates and sporocarp production.

", "keywords": ["juuristo", "rauduskoivu", "korotettu CO2", "PLFA", "610", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "kasvukausi", "hiilidioksidipitoisuus", "Ka", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "otsoni", "530", "korotettu O3"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kasurinen, A., Kein\u00e4nen, M.M., Kaipainen, S., Nilsson, L.-O., Vapaavuori, E., Kontro, M.H., Holopainen, T.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00970.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00970.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00970.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00970.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2435.12329", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-05", "title": "Interactive Effects Of C, N And P Fertilization On Soil Microbial Community Structure And Function In An Amazonian Rain Forest", "description": "Summary

Resource control over abundance, structure and functional diversity of soil microbial communities is a key determinant of soil processes and related ecosystem functioning. Copiotrophic organisms tend to be found in environments which are rich in nutrients, particularly carbon, in contrast to oligotrophs, which survive in much lower carbon concentrations.

We hypothesized that microbial biomass, activity and community structure in nutrient\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor soils of an Amazonian rain forest are limited by multiple elements in interaction. We tested this hypothesis with a fertilization experiment by adding C (as cellulose), N (as urea) and P (as phosphate) in all possible combinations to a total of 40 plots of an undisturbed tropical forest in French Guiana.

After 2\uffc2\uffa0years of fertilization, we measured a 47% higher biomass, a 21% increase in substrate\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced respiration rate and a 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold higher rate of decomposition of cellulose paper discs of soil microbial communities that grew in P\uffe2\uff80\uff90fertilized plots compared to plots without P fertilization. These responses were amplified with a simultaneous C fertilization suggesting P and C colimitation of soil micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90organisms at our study site.

Moreover, P fertilization modified microbial community structure (PLFAs) to a more copiotrophic bacterial community indicated by a significant decrease in the Gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90positive\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0Gram\uffe2\uff80\uff90negative ratio. The Fungi\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0Bacteria ratio increased in N fertilized plots, suggesting that fungi are relatively more limited by N than bacteria. Changes in microbial community structure did not affect rates of general processes such as glucose mineralization and cellulose paper decomposition. In contrast, community level physiological profiles under P fertilization combined with either C or N fertilization or both differed strongly from all other treatments, indicating functionally different microbial communities.

While P appears to be the most critical from the three major elements we manipulated, the strongest effects were observed in combination with either supplementary C or N addition in support of multiple element control on soil microbial functioning and community structure.

We conclude that the soil microbial community in the studied tropical rain forest and the processes it drives is finely tuned by the relative availability in C, N and P. Any shifts in the relative abundance of these key elements may affect spatial and temporal heterogeneity in microbial community structure, their associated functions and the dynamics of C and nutrients in tropical ecosystems.

", "keywords": ["tropical forest", "2. Zero hunger", "570", "phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA)", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "functional significance", "[SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Symbiosis", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "13. Climate action", "microbial community structure", "ecosystem functioning", "environment/Symbiosis", "[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Ecosystems", "[SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "multiple resource limitation", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "phosphorus", "environment/Ecosystems", "soil functioning"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.12329"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2435.12329", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2435.12329", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2435.12329"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.15420", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-04", "title": "Microbial inputs at the litter layer translate climate into altered organic matter properties", "description": "

<p>Plant litter chemistry is altered during decomposition but it remains unknown if these alterations, and thus the composition of residual litter, will change in response to climate. Selective microbial mineralization of litter components and the accumulation of microbial necromass can drive litter compositional change, but the extent to which these mechanisms respond to climate remains poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by studying needle litter decomposition along a boreal forest climate transect. Specifically, we investigated how the composition and/or metabolism of the decomposer community varies with climate, and if that variation is associated with distinct modifications of litter chemistry during decomposition. We analyzed the composition of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the litter layer and measured natural abundance δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>PLFA</sub> values as an integrated measure of microbial metabolisms. Changes in litter chemistry and δ<sup>13</sup>C values were measured in litterbag experiments conducted at each transect site. A warmer climate was associated with higher litter nitrogen concentrations as well as altered microbial community structure (lower fungi:bacteria ratios) and microbial metabolism (higher δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>PLFA</sub>). Litter in warmer transect regions accumulated less aliphatic‐C (lipids, waxes) and retained more O‐alkyl‐C (carbohydrates), consistent with enhanced <sup>13</sup>C‐enrichment in residual litter, than in colder regions. These results suggest that chemical changes during litter decomposition will change with climate, driven primarily by indirect climate effects (e.g., greater nitrogen availability and decreased fungi:bacteria ratios) rather than direct temperature effects. A positive correlation between microbial biomass δ<sup>13</sup>C values and <sup>13</sup>C‐enrichment during decomposition suggests that change in litter chemistry is driven more by distinct microbial necromass inputs than differences in the selective removal of litter components. Our study highlights the role that microbial inputs during early litter decomposition can play in shaping surface litter contribution to soil organic matter as it responds to climate warming effects such as greater nitrogen availability.</p>

", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "C-13", "CP‐", "necromass", "litter decomposition", "COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "Soil", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "Taiga", "boreal forest", "bacteria", "C-13 NMR", "TEMPERATURE", "Biochemistry", " cell and molecular biology", "Soil Microbiology", "FUNGAL", "2. Zero hunger", "MAS C-13‐", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "NMR", "6. Clean water", "climate transect", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "FOREST SOILS", "PLFA", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fungi", "FATTY-ACIDS", "BULK CARBON", "LIGNIN"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15420"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15420"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.15420", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.15420", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.15420"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01506.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-04-23", "title": "Responses Of Vegetation And Soil Microbial Communities To Warming And Simulated Herbivory In A Subarctic Heath", "description": "1. Climate warming increases the cover of deciduous shrubs in arctic ecosystems and herbivory is also known to have a strong influence on the biomass and composition of vegetation. However, research combining herbivory with warming is largely lacking. Our study describes how warming and simulated herbivory affect vegetation, soil nutrient concentrations and soil microbial communities after 10-13 years of exposure. 2. We established a factorial warming and herbivory-simulation experiment at a subarctic tundra heath in Kilpisjarvi, Finland, in 1994. Warming was carried out using the open-top chamber setup of the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX). Wounding of the dominant deciduous dwarf shrub Vaccinium myrtillus L. to simulate herbivory was carried out annually. We measured vegetation cover in 2003 and 2007, soil nutrient concentrations in 2003 and 2006, soil microbial respiration in 2003, and composition and function of soil microbial communities in 2006. 3. Warming increased the cover of V. myrtillus, whereas other plant groups did not show any response. Simulated herbivory of V. myrtillus cancelled out the impact of warming on the species cover, and increased the cover of other dwarf shrubs. 4. The concentrations of NH4+-N, and microbial biomass C and N in the soil were significantly reduced by warming after 10 treatment years but not after 13 treatment years. The reduction in NH4+-N by warming was significant only without simultaneous herbivory treatment, which indicates that simulated herbivory reduced N uptake by vegetation. 5. Soil microbial community composition, based on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis, was slightly altered by warming. The activity of cultivable bacterial and fungal communities was significantly increased by warming and the substrate utilization patterns were influenced by warming and herbivory. 6. Synthesis. Our results show that warming increases the cover of V. myrtillus, which seems to enhance the nutrient sink strength of vegetation in the studied ecosystem. However, herbivory partially negates the effect of warming on plant N uptake and interacts with the effect of warming on microbial N immobilization. Our study demonstrates that effects of warming on soil microorganisms are likely to differ in the presence and absence of herbivores. (Less)", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "13. Climate action", "PLFA", "herbivoria", "ilmastonmuutos", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "kasvillisuus", "mikrobit", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "arktiset alueet"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01506.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01506.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01506.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01506.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01549.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-11", "title": "Grazing Triggers Soil Carbon Loss By Altering Plant Roots And Their Control On Soil Microbial Community", "description": "Summary

1.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Depending on grazing intensity, grasslands tend towards two contrasting systems that differ in terms of species diversity and soil carbon (C) storage. To date, effects of grazing on C cycling have mainly been studied in grasslands subject to constant grazing regimes, whereas little is known for grasslands experiencing a change in grazing intensity. Analysing the transition between C\uffe2\uff80\uff90storing and C\uffe2\uff80\uff90releasing grasslands under low\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and high\uffe2\uff80\uff90grazing regimes, respectively, will help to identify key plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interactions for C cycling.

2.\uffe2\uff80\uff82The transition was studied in a mesocosm experiment with grassland monoliths submitted to a change in grazing after 14\uffe2\uff80\uff83years of constant high and low grazing. Plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interactions were analysed by following the dynamics of plant and microbial communities, roots and soil organic matter fractions over 2\uffe2\uff80\uff83years. After disturbance change, mesocosms were continuously exposed to13C\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelled CO2, which allowed us to trace both the incorporation of new litter C produced by a modified plant community in soil and the fate of old unlabelled litter C.

3.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Changing disturbance intensity led to a cascade of events. After shift to high disturbance, photosynthesis decreased followed by a decline in root biomass and a change in plant community structure 1.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83months later. Those changes led to a decrease of soil fungi, a proliferation of Gram(+) bacteria and accelerated decomposition of old particulate organic C (<6\uffe2\uff80\uff83months). At last, accelerated decomposition released plant available nitrogen and decreased soil C storage. Our results indicate that intensified grazing triggers proliferation of Gram(+) bacteria and subsequent faster decomposition by reducing roots adapted to low disturbance.

4.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Synthesis. Plant communities exert control on microbial communities and decomposition through the activity of their living roots: slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing plants adapted to low disturbance reduce Gram(+) bacteria, decomposition of low and high quality litter, nitrogen availability and, thus, ingress of fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90growing plants. Our results indicate that grazing impacts on soil carbon storage by altering plant roots and their control on the soil microbial community and decomposition, and that these processes will foster decomposition and soil C loss in more productive and disturbed grassland systems.

", "keywords": ["580", "disturbance", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "carbon cycling", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "matter", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "nitrogen cycling", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "ARISA", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "PLFA", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "grassland", "microbial community", "environment", "management", "particulate organic"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01549.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01549.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01549.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2009.01549.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00318.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-18", "title": "Response Of Soil Microbial Biomass And Community Structures To Conventional And Organic Farming Systems Under Identical Crop Rotations", "description": "In this study the influence of different farming systems on microbial community structure was analyzed using soil samples from the DOK long-term field experiment in Switzerland, which comprises organic (BIODYN and BIOORG) and conventional (CONFYM and CONMIN) farming systems as well as an unfertilized control (NOFERT). We examined microbial communities in winter wheat plots at two different points in the crop rotation (after potatoes and after maize). Employing extended polar lipid analysis up to 244 different phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and phospholipid ether lipids (PLEL) were detected. Higher concentrations of PLFA and PLEL in BIODYN and BIOORG indicated a significant influence of organic agriculture on microbial biomass. Farmyard manure (FYM) application consistently revealed the strongest, and the preceding crop the weakest, influence on domain-specific biomass, diversity indices and microbial community structures. Esterlinked PLFA from slowly growing bacteria (k-strategists) showed the strongest responses to long-term organic fertilization. Although the highest fungal biomass was found in the two organic systems of the DOK field trial, their contribution to the differentiation of community structures according to the management regime was relatively low. Prokaryotic communities responded most strongly to either conventional or organic farming management.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Nutrient turnover", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Soil quality", "Soil", "organic farming; DOK long-term field trial; microbial community; PLFA; PLEL", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "'Organics' in general", "Fertilizers", "Ecosystem", "Phospholipids", "Soil Microbiology", "Triticum", "Solanum tuberosum"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Espersch\u00fctz, J\u00fcrgen, Gattinger, Andreas, M\u00e4der, Paul, Schloter, Michael, Flie\u00dfbach, Andreas,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00318.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/FEMS%20Microbiology%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00318.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00318.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2007.00318.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17221/416/2011-pse", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-10", "title": "&Nbsp; Effects Of Tillage And Residue Management On Soil Microbial Communities In North China", "description": "The impacts of tillage system (conventional tillage and no-tillage) and residue management (0, 50, and 100%) on soil properties and soil microbial community structure were determined in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, North China. The microbial community structure was investigated by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. The results showed that tillage had significant effects on soil properties and soil microbial communities. In no-tillage (NT), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total N, microbial biomass carbon/soil organic carbon (MBC/SOC), total microbes, and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi increased, while actinomycetes, G+/G- bacteria ratio and monounsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (MUFA/STFA) decreased, compared with those in conventional tillage (CT). Residue had a significant positive effect on C/N ratio and MUFA/STFA. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that tillage explained 76.1%, and residue management explained 0.6% of the variations in soil microbial communities, respectively. Soil microbial communities were significantly correlated with MBC, total N, C/N ratio and MBC/SOC. Among the six treatments, NT with 100% residue application obviously improved soil microbiological properties, and could be a proper management practice in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China.", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi", "13. Climate action", "microbial biomass carbon", "plfa", "no-tillage", "Plant culture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "SB1-1110"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17221/416/2011-pse"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Soil%20and%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17221/416/2011-pse", "name": "item", "description": "10.17221/416/2011-pse", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17221/416/2011-pse"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.19084/rca.28379", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:48Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Estudio de las comunidades microbianas de suelos agr\u00edcolas org\u00e1nicos y convencionales lusitanos mediante an\u00e1lisis de \u00e1cidos grasos fosfol\u00edpidos", "description": "Open AccessRevista de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Vol. 45 N.\u00ba 4 (2022)", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "hongos", "bacterias", "microbiolog\u00eda", "PLFA", "edafolog\u00eda"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Soto G\u00f3mez, Diego, Sant\u00e1s-Miguel, Vanesa, Fern\u00e1ndez-Calvi\u00f1o, David,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.19084/rca.28379"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.19084/rca.28379", "name": "item", "description": "10.19084/rca.28379", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.19084/rca.28379"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5218", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:22:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-04", "title": "Microbial inputs at the litter layer translate climate into altered organic matter properties", "description": "

&lt;p&gt;Plant litter chemistry is altered during decomposition but it remains unknown if these alterations, and thus the composition of residual litter, will change in response to climate. Selective microbial mineralization of litter components and the accumulation of microbial necromass can drive litter compositional change, but the extent to which these mechanisms respond to climate remains poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by studying needle litter decomposition along a boreal forest climate transect. Specifically, we investigated how the composition and/or metabolism of the decomposer community varies with climate, and if that variation is associated with distinct modifications of litter chemistry during decomposition. We analyzed the composition of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the litter layer and measured natural abundance &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;PLFA&lt;/sub&gt; values as an integrated measure of microbial metabolisms. Changes in litter chemistry and &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C values were measured in litterbag experiments conducted at each transect site. A warmer climate was associated with higher litter nitrogen concentrations as well as altered microbial community structure (lower fungi:bacteria ratios) and microbial metabolism (higher &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;PLFA&lt;/sub&gt;). Litter in warmer transect regions accumulated less aliphatic&amp;#8208;C (lipids, waxes) and retained more O&amp;#8208;alkyl&amp;#8208;C (carbohydrates), consistent with enhanced &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&amp;#8208;enrichment in residual litter, than in colder regions. These results suggest that chemical changes during litter decomposition will change with climate, driven primarily by indirect climate effects (e.g., greater nitrogen availability and decreased fungi:bacteria ratios) rather than direct temperature effects. A positive correlation between microbial biomass &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C values and &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&amp;#8208;enrichment during decomposition suggests that change in litter chemistry is driven more by distinct microbial necromass inputs than differences in the selective removal of litter components. Our study highlights the role that microbial inputs during early litter decomposition can play in shaping surface litter contribution to soil organic matter as it responds to climate warming effects such as greater nitrogen availability.&lt;/p&gt;

", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "C-13", "CP‐", "necromass", "litter decomposition", "COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "Soil", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "Taiga", "boreal forest", "bacteria", "C-13 NMR", "TEMPERATURE", "Biochemistry", " cell and molecular biology", "Soil Microbiology", "FUNGAL", "2. Zero hunger", "MAS C-13‐", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "NMR", "6. Clean water", "climate transect", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "FOREST SOILS", "PLFA", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fungi", "FATTY-ACIDS", "BULK CARBON", "LIGNIN"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15420"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5218"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5218", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5218", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-5218"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fmicb.2019.00168", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-26", "title": "Rapid Transfer of Plant Photosynthates to Soil Bacteria via Ectomycorrhizal Hyphae and Its Interaction With Nitrogen Availability", "description": "Plant roots release recent photosynthates into the rhizosphere, accelerating decomposition of organic matter by saprotrophic soil microbes ('rhizosphere priming effect') which consequently increases nutrient availability for plants. However, about 90% of all higher plant species are mycorrhizal, transferring a significant fraction of their photosynthates directly to their fungal partners. Whether mycorrhizal fungi pass on plant-derived carbon (C) to bacteria in root-distant soil areas, i.e., incite a 'hyphosphere priming effect,' is not known. Experimental evidence for C transfer from mycorrhizal hyphae to soil bacteria is limited, especially for ectomycorrhizal systems. As ectomycorrhizal fungi possess enzymatic capabilities to degrade organic matter themselves, it remains unclear whether they cooperate with soil bacteria by providing photosynthates, or compete for available nutrients. To investigate a possible C transfer from ectomycorrhizal hyphae to soil bacteria, and its response to changing nutrient availability, we planted young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) into 'split-root' boxes, dividing their root systems into two disconnected soil compartments. Each of these compartments was separated from a litter compartment by a mesh penetrable for fungal hyphae, but not for roots. Plants were exposed to a 13C-CO2-labeled atmosphere, while 15N-labeled ammonium and amino acids were added to one side of the split-root system. We found a rapid transfer of recent photosynthates via ectomycorrhizal hyphae to bacteria in root-distant soil areas. Fungal and bacterial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers were significantly enriched in hyphae-exclusive compartments 24 h after 13C-CO2-labeling. Isotope imaging with nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) allowed for the first time in situ visualization of plant-derived C and N taken up by an extraradical fungal hypha, and in microbial cells thriving on hyphal surfaces. When N was added to the litter compartments, bacterial biomass, and the amount of incorporated 13C strongly declined. Interestingly, this effect was also observed in adjacent soil compartments where added N was only available for bacteria through hyphal transport, indicating that ectomycorrhizal fungi were acting on soil bacteria. Together, our results demonstrate that (i) ectomycorrhizal hyphae rapidly transfer plant-derived C to bacterial communities in root-distant areas, and (ii) this transfer promptly responds to changing soil nutrient conditions.", "keywords": ["Hyphosphere priming", "DYNAMICS", "0301 basic medicine", "PLFAs", "Microbiology", "ectomycorrhiza", "03 medical and health sciences", "Mycorrhizosphere", "MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "NanoSIMS", "hyphal carbon transfer", "hyphosphere bacteria", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "0303 health sciences", "IDENTIFICATION", "RHIZOSPHERE", "15. Life on land", "QR1-502", "EXTRACTION METHOD", "Ectomycorrhiza", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI", "hyphosphere priming", "mycorrhizosphere", "Hyphal carbon transfer", "106022 Microbiology", "FATTY-ACIDS", "Hyphosphere bacteria", "BAYESIAN CLASSIFIER", "CARBON ALLOCATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00168"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fmicb.2019.00168", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fmicb.2019.00168", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00168"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.3216c", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:22:21Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Peatland vascular plant functional types affect methane dynamics by altering microbial community structure", "description": "Open Access1. Peatlands are natural sources of atmospheric methane (CH4), an important greenhouse gas. It is established that peatland methane dynamics are controlled by both biotic and abiotic conditions, yet the interactive effect of these drivers is less studied and consequently poorly understood. 2. Climate change affects the distribution of vascular plant functional types (PFTs) in peatlands. By removing specific PFTs, we assessed their effects on peat organic matter chemistry, microbial community composition and on potential methane production (PMP) and oxidation (PMO) in two microhabitats (lawns and hummocks). 3. Whilst PFT removal only marginally altered the peat organic matter chemistry, we observed considerable changes in microbial community structure. This resulted in altered PMP and PMO. PMP was slightly lower when graminoids were removed, whilst PMO was highest in the absence of both vascular PFTs (graminoids and ericoids), but only in the hummocks. 4. Path analyses demonstrate that different plant\u2013soil interactions drive PMP and PMO in peatlands and that changes in biotic and abiotic factors can have auto-amplifying effects on current CH4 dynamics. 5. Synthesis. Changing environmental conditions will, both directly and indirectly, affect peatland processes, causing unforeseen changes in CH4 dynamics. The resilience of peatland CH4 dynamics to environmental change therefore depends on the interaction between plant community composition and microbial communities.", "keywords": ["methanotrophic communities", "Sphagnum cuspidatum", "Vaccinium oxycoccus", "Andromeda polifolia", "Sphagnum magellanicum", "Eriophorum angustifolium", "Graminoids", "Rhynchospora alba", "Sphagnum spp.", "path analysis", "mid\u2013infrared spectroscopy", "Empetrum nigrum", "Sphagnum rubellum", "CH4", "Holocene", "Ericoids", "Calluna vulgaris", "methanogenesis", "15. Life on land", "Eriophorum vaginatum", "Sphagnum\u2013dominated peatlands", "13. Climate action", "path analysis; Sphagnum magellanicum; Vaccinium oxycoccus; mid\u2013infrared spectroscopy; Graminoids; Plant\u2013soil (below-ground) interactions; Empetrum nigrum; Sphagnum spp.; Eriophorum vaginatum; Calluna vulgaris; methanotrophic communities; methanogenesis; CH4; PLFA; Sphagnum cuspidatum; Sphagnum\u2013dominated peatlands; Rhynchospora alba; Eriophorum angustifolium; Andromeda polifolia; pmoA; Ericoids; Sphagnum rubellum; Erica tetralix; Holocene", "PLFA", "pmoA", "Erica tetralix"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Robroek, Bjorn J. M., Jassey, Vincent E. J., Kox, Martine A. R., Berendsen, Roeland L., Mills, Robert T. E., C\u00e9cillon, Lauric, Puissant, J\u00e9remy, Meima\u2013Franke, Marion, Bakker, Peter A. H. M., Bodelier, Paul L. E., Meima-Franke, Marion,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3216c"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.3216c", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.3216c", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.3216c"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-04-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/f7100244", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-10-21", "title": "Effect Of 40 And 80 Years Of Conifer Regrowth On Soil Microbial Activities And Community Structure In Subtropical Low Mountain Forests", "description": "

The effects of long-term reforestation on soil microbial communities and biomass are poorly understood. This study was conducted on two coniferous plantations: Cunninghamia konishii Hayata, planted 40 years ago (CONIF-40), and Calocedrus formosana (Florin) Florin, planted 80 years ago (CONIF-80). An adjacent natural broadleaf forest (BROAD-Nat) was used as a control. We determined microbial biomass C and N contents, enzyme activities, and community composition (via phospholipid fatty acid [PLFA] assessment). Both microbial biomass and PLFA content were higher in the summer than in the winter and differed among the forests in summer only. Total PLFA, total bacterial, gram-positive bacterial, gram-negative bacterial, and vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal contents followed the same pattern. Total fungal content and the ratios of fungi to bacteria and of gram-positive to gram-negative bacteria were highest in CONIF-40, with no difference between the other forests. Principal component analysis of PLFA contents revealed that CONIF-40 communities were distinct from those of CONIF-80 and BROAD-Nat. Our results suggest that vegetation replacement during reforestation exerts a prolonged impact on the soil microbial community. The understory broadleaf shrubs and trees established after coniferous plantation reforestation may balance out the effects of coniferous litter, contributing to bacterial recovery.

", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "PLFA; microbial community; soil enzymes; forest"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/7/10/244/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/f7100244"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forests", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/f7100244", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/f7100244", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/f7100244"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/f8010033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-26", "title": "Soil Microbial Communities In Natural And Managed Cloud Montane Forests", "description": "

Forest management often results in changes in soil microbial communities. To understand how forest management can change microbial communities, we studied soil microbial abundance and community structure in a natural Chamaecyparis (NCP) forest, a disturbed Chamaecyparis (DCP) forest, a secondary (regenerated) Chamaecyparis (SCP) forest and a secondary (reforested) Cryptomeria (SCD) forest. We analyzed soil microbial abundance by measuring phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and microbial community structure by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) in the studied forest soils. The content of the soil PLFA fungal biomarker decreased from NCP to SCP, DCP and SCD forest soils, associated with the degree of disturbance of forest management. The ratio of soil Gram positive\uffe2\uff80\uff93to-negative bacteria and the stress index (16:1\uffcf\uff897t to 16:1\uffcf\uff897c) increased from NCP to SCP and DCP soils; thus, disturbed forests except for SCD showed increased soil microbial stress. Principal component analysis of soil microbial groups by PLFAs separated the four forest soils into three clusters: NCP, DCP and SCP, and SCD soil. The DGGE analysis showed no difference in the microbial community structure for NCP, DCP and SCP soils, but the community structure differed between SCD and the three other forest soils. In cloud montane forests, disturbance due to forest management had only a slight influence on the soil microbial community, whereas reforestation with different species largely changed the soil microbial community structure.

", "keywords": ["PLFA; DGGE; reforestation; microbial community; forest management", "PLFA", "forest management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "DGGE", "microbial community", "15. Life on land", "reforestation"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/8/1/33/pdf"}, {"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/8/2/33/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/f8010033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forests", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/f8010033", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/f8010033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/f8010033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/horticulturae10010042", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-12-31", "title": "Effect of Biofertilizers on Broccoli Yield and Soil Quality Indicators", "description": "

High rates of fertilizer applications potentially have significant environmental consequences, such as soil and water contamination and biodiversity loss. This study aimed to compare the use of biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers in a broccoli crop to determine their impact on soil microorganism abundance, microbial community structure, functional gene diversity, yield, and greenhouse gas emissions. Four different fertilization treatments were designed: (i) inorganic fertilizers applied at a rate to cover the nutritional demands of the crop (F100); (ii) 50% of the rate of inorganic fertilizers added in F100 (F50); (iii) F50 + the application of a formulation of various bacteria (BA); and (iv) F50 + the application of a formulation of bacteria and non-mycorrhizal fungi (BA + FU). The results showed that reduced fertilization and the addition of both biofertilizer products had no significant effect on soil nutrients, microbial population, microbial activity, or yield when compared to conventional inorganic fertilization. Thus, microbial inoculants were ineffective in enhancing soil microbial abundance and activity, and there were no changes in GHG emissions or crop yields. Nonetheless, crop yield was positively related to total soil N, microbial activity, and CO2 emissions, confirming the positive effect of soil biodiversity on production. The application of biofertilizers can help reduce mineral fertilization in a broccoli crop with no negative effect on yield.

", "keywords": ["CO2", "Brassica oleracea var italica Plenck", "PLFAs", "Biofertilizers", "N2O", "CH4", "01 natural sciences", "SB1-1110", "12. Responsible consumption", "11. Sustainability", "Enzyme activities", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "biofertilizers", "2. Zero hunger", "CH4", "N2O", "Plant culture", "Nutrients", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola", "enzyme activities", "13. Climate action", "3101.02 Fabricaci\u00f3n de Abonos", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CO2"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10010042"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Horticulturae", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/horticulturae10010042", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/horticulturae10010042", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/horticulturae10010042"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8109601", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:24:51Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data on soil compounds, respiration and incorporation of 13C-labeled substrate", "description": "Open AccessSee Readme.pdf", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microdialysis", "respiration rates", "compound concentration in soil solution", "PLFA and NLFA", "13C isotopic labeling", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wiesenbauer, Julia, Kaiser, Christina,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8109601"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8109601", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8109601", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8109601"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.5t76p", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:22:23Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: High nighttime humidity and dissolved organic carbon content support rapid decomposition of standing litter in a semi-arid landscape", "description": "unspecifiedDataset_Wang et al. 2017The file contains all the original data including the temperature, relative humidity, litter mass remaining, litter DOC concentrations and cumulative C loss.", "keywords": ["nighttime humidity", "13. Climate action", "standing litter", "PLFA", "SOC", "15. Life on land", "DOC", "microbial activity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wang, Jing, Liu, Lingli, Wang, Xin, Yang, Sen, Zhang, Beibei, Li, Ping, Qiao, Chunlian, Deng, Meifeng, Liu, Weixing,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5t76p"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.5t76p", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.5t76p", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.5t76p"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.5x69p8dbf", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:22:23Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-01-24", "title": "Data from: Warming reduces priming effect of soil organic carbon decomposition along a subtropical elevation gradient", "description": "unspecified# Data from: Warming reduces priming effect of soil organic carbon decomposition along a subtropical elevation gradient [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5x69p8dbf](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5x69p8dbf) The dataset includes glucose-, lignin- and SOC-derived CO2-C production, priming effects, soil properties, and microbial communities measured across all treatments. ## Description of the data and file structure Methodological Information * Methods of data collection/generation: see article for details * Geographic locations of data collection: Wuyishan Mountain, Fujian, China Description of the data and file structure * This dataset has one EXCEL. xlsx file with 22 sheets supporting the figures in the article. * Description of the treatment There are six treatments in this dataset: Control, glucose addition, lignin addition, warming, glucose addition + warming, and lignin addition + warming treatment *For abbreviations of variables in the sheet named Figure 1a | Abbreviation | Description | Units | | :-------------- | :----------------------------------- | :----------- | | MAT | Mean annual temperature | \u2103 | | Glucose | Glucose addition treatment | mg g-1 soil | | Glucose+Warming | Glucose addition + warming treatment | mg g-1 soil | | Lignin | Lginin addition treatment | mg g-1 soil | | Lignin +Warming | Lignin addition +warming treatment | mg g-1 soil | *For abbreviations of variables in the sheet named Figure 1b | Abbreviation | Description | units | | :-------------- | :----------------------------------- | :------- | | MAT | Mean annual temperature | \u2103 | | Glucose | Glucose addition treatment | unitless | | Glucose+Warming | Glucose addition + warming treatment | unitless | | Lignin | Lignin addition treatment | unitless | | Lignin +Warming | Lignin addition +warming treatment | unitless | *For abbreviations of variables in the sheet named Figure 1c, data for substrate-derived CO2 | Abbreviation | Description | units | | :-------------- | :----------------------------------- | :----------- | | MAT | Mean annual temperature | \u2103 | | Glucose | Glucose addition treatment | mg g-1 soil | | Glucose+Warming | Glucose addition + warming treatment | mg g-1 soil | | Lignin | Lignin addition treatment | mg g-1 soil | | Lignin +Warming | Lignin addition +warming treatment | mg g-1 soil | *For abbreviations of variables in the sheet named Figure 1d, data for substrate-derived PLFAs | Abbreviation | Description | units | | :-------------- | :----------------------------------- | :----------- | | MAT | Mean annual temperature | \u2103 | | Glucose | Glucose addition treatment | ug g-1 soil | | Glucose+Warming | Glucose addition + warming treatment | ug g-1 soil | | Lignin | Glucose addition treatment | ug g-1 soil | | Lignin+Warming | Lignin addition + warming treatment | ug g-1 soil | *For abbreviations of variables in the sheet named Figure 2a and Figure 2b | Abbreviation | Description | units | | :--------------- | :----------------------------------- | :------- | | MAT | Mean annual temperature | \u2103 | | No addition | Without substrate addition treatment | unitless | | Glucose addition | With glucose addition treatment | unitless | | Lignin addition | With lignin addition treatment | unitless | Note:\u00a0Q10 is the temperature sensitivity of SOC or substrates mineralization unitless *For abbreviations of variables in the sheet named Figure 3a, Figure 3b, Figure 3c, Figure 3d, Figure 3e, and Figure 3f | Abbreviation | Description | units | | :--------------- | :----------------------------------- | :---- | | MAT | Mean annual temperature | \u2103 | | No addition | Without substrate addition treatment | % | | Glucose addition | With glucose addition treatment | % | | Lignin addition | With lginin addition treatment | % | Note: Warming effect size means the effect of warming on microbial biomass *For abbreviations of variables in the sheet named Figure 4a, Figure 4b, Figure 4c, Figure 4d and Figure 4e | Abbreviation | Description | units | | :-------------- | :----------------------------------- | :------- | | Glucose | Glucose addition treatment | unitless | | Glucose+Warming | Glucose addition + warming treatment | unitless | | Lignin | Glucose addition treatment | unitless | | Lignin+Warming | Lignin addition + warming treatment | unitless | Note: Response ratio means the ratio of a variable in glucose or lignin addition without or with warming to that in the corresponding unamended control at ambient temperature or warming temperature *For abbreviations of variables in the sheet named Figure 5a and Figure 5b | Abbreviation | Description | units | | :----------- | :------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :--------------- | | MAT | Mean annual temperature | \u2103 | | RR | The ratio of a variable in glucose or lignin addition treatment to that in unamended control | unitless | | \u0394RR | The RR ratio under warming treatment minus that under ambient treatment | unitless | | PE(Glucose) | Priming effect induced by glucose addition treatment | unitless | | PE(Lignin) | Priming effect induced by lignin addition treatment | unitless | | PE(total) | Priming effect induced by glucose or lignin addition treatment | unitless | | \u0394PE(Glucose) | The effect of warming on priming effect induced by glucose addition | unitless | | \u0394PE(Lignin) | The effect of warming on priming effect induced by lignin addition | unitless | | \u0394PE(total) | The effect of warming on priming effect induced by glucose or lignin addition | unitless | | SOC | Soil organic carbon | g kg-1 | | Labile C | Labile pool carbon | g kg-1 | | Stable C | Stable pool carbon | g kg-1 | | TN | Soil total nitrogen | g kg-1 | | C:N ratio | The ratio of soil organic carbon to soil total nitrogen | unitless | | qCO2 | Microbial metabolic quotient | mg C g-1 MBC h-1 | | Total PLFAs | Phospholipid fatty acids | nmol g-1 soil | | F:B ratio | The ratio of fungi to bacteria | unitless | | DOC | Dissolved organic carbon | mg kg-1 | *For abbreviations of variables in the sheet named Figure 6a, Figure 6b and Figure 6c | Abbreviation | Description | units | | :---------------- | :--------------------------------------------------------------------------- | :---- | | PE _Glucase | Warming effect on Glucose-induced priming effect | % | | PE _Lignin | Warming effect on Lignin induced priming effect | % | | Bacteria 13C-PLFA | Warming effect on Substrate-derived bacteria phospholipid fatty acids | % | | Fungi 13C-PLFA | Warming effect on Substrate-derived fungi phospholipid fatty acids | % | | Total 13C-PLFAs | Warming effect on Substrate-derived total microbial phospholipid fatty acids | % | ## Code/Software All statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS software version 21.0 for Windows and R (v4.1.0).", "keywords": ["13C-PLFA", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "Microbial carbon use efficiency", "priming effects", "substrate quality", "temperature gradient"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li, Xiaojie, Lyu, Maokui, Zhang, Qiufang, Feng, Jiguang, Liu, Xiaofei, Zhu, Biao, Wang, Xiaohong, Yang, Yusheng, Xie, Jinsheng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.5x69p8dbf"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.5x69p8dbf", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.5x69p8dbf", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.5x69p8dbf"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-05-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.pk5n1p4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:22:30Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Winter cover crop legacy effects on litter decomposition act through litter quality and microbial community changes", "description": "Open AccessDecomposition rates, litter traits, and abiotic and biotic soil propertiesData from field experiment on litter decomposition in crop rotation with cover crops (2014-2015), including chemical litter traits (C, N, lignin), mass loss en decomposition rates of winter cover crop litter and standard substrates (filter paper, bamboo, green tea, rooibos tea). Data presented by litterbag and by plot. Soil properties include: mineral N, potential N mineralisation, soil organic matter, soil pH, and also concentrations of PLFA markers and ergosterol. Daily averages of soil temperature and moisture present for limited number of plots. Names of cover crops abbreviated as follows: Lolium perenne (Lope), Trifolium repense (Trre), Raphanus sativus (Rasa), Vicia sativa (Visa). Main crops: Avena sativa (Avsa), Cichorium endivia (Cien).Barel-JAPPL-2017-01119.R3 data.xlsx", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "decomposition", "ergosterol", "Lolium perenne", "Vicia sativa", "Verwerkte data", "Raphanus sativus", "Avena sativa", "microbial community composition", "carbon cycling", "Soil pH", "15. Life on land", "mineral nitrogen", "Cichorium endivia", "nitrogen cycling", "crop rotation", "standardised substrates", "13. Climate action", "soil organic matter", "PLFA", "Processed data", "winter cover crop", "Trifolium repens", "legacy effects"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Barel, J.M., Kuijper, T.W.M., Paul, Jos, de Boer, W., Cornelissen, Johannes H.C., de Deyn, G.B.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.pk5n1p4"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.pk5n1p4", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.pk5n1p4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.pk5n1p4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13338423", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:23:21Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data on respiration, substrate incorporation, and soil compound concentration in response to simulated root exudation", "description": "Open AccessIn this study we used reverse microdialysis to release a mixture of 13C-labeled substrates into intact meadow and forest soil cores (6-hour long) to simulate root exudation. We utilized three different artificial root exudates: sugars (glucose, fructose), organic acids (acetate, succinate), and a combination of sugars and organic acids (glucose, fructose, acetate, succinate); alongside a water-only control for comparison. We collected compounds from soil solutions and measured respiration. Due to 13C-labeled substrate we could differentiate between substrate-derived respiration and SOM-derived respiration. Additionally, we extracted lipid fatty acids from soil and measured their 13C incorporation.", "keywords": ["microdialysis", "respiration rates", "NLFA", "PLFA", "13C isotopic labeling", "soil compounds"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wiesenbauer, Julia, Kaiser, Christina,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13338423"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13338423", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13338423", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13338423"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15805054", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:24:13Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Estudio de las comunidades microbianas de suelos agr\u00edcolas org\u00e1nicos y convencionales lusitanos mediante an\u00e1lisis de \u00e1cidos grasos fosfol\u00edpidos", "description": "Open AccessRevista de Ci\u00eancias Agr\u00e1rias, Vol. 45 N.\u00ba 4 (2022)", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "hongos", "bacterias", "microbiolog\u00eda", "PLFA", "edafolog\u00eda"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Soto G\u00f3mez, Diego, Sant\u00e1s-Miguel, Vanesa, Fern\u00e1ndez-Calvi\u00f1o, David,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15805054"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15805054", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15805054", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15805054"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.7307470", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:24:44Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Soil biological, chemical and physical parameters and herbage yield in a field experiment with organic and inorganic fertilizers on peat grassland in the Netherlands", "description": "Open AccessTo evaluate the performance of organic and inorganic fertilizers for regeneration of ecosystem services in peat grasslands with biodiversity goals, we carried out a field experiment in the western peat district in the Netherlands. The fertilizers tested represent the current practice and potential alternatives for regenerative grassland management on drained peat. Experimental setup The field experiment (2013 \u2013 2015) was conducted on a permanent grassland on peat soil (Terric Histosol; SOM 56 g 100 g\u22121 and pHKCl of 4.5 in 0-10 cm) at the experimental dairy farm at Zegveld (the Netherlands). In March 2013, a randomized block experiment (six blocks) was laid out with six fertilizer treatments and a control treatment (no fertilizer: \u201cContr\u201d). The fertilizer used were: conventional dairy cattle slurry manure (\u201cSlurry\u201d), mature compost of kitchen and garden waste (\u201cComp\u201d), dairy cattle farmyard manure (\u201cFYM\u201d), solid fraction of the cattle slurry manure (\u201cSFrac\u201d, obtained by pressurized filtration), inorganic N fertilizer (\u201cIF\u201d; calcium ammonium nitrate, 27% N) and a combination of inorganic N fertilizer and sawdust (\u201cIF+SD\u201d). Plot size was 4 \u00d7 10 m; for the Slurry treatment plots were 5.2 \u00d7 10 m. Slurry was applied by slit injection, the other fertilizers were applied by hand. Target application rate was 120 kg total N ha\u22121 yr\u22121, divided in two applications per year (February/March and May). This is relatively low for conventional grasslands but usual for grasslands with biodiversity goals (Kleijn et al., 2004). The amount of Ctotal applied in Comp was taken for the rate of sawdust to be applied. All plots were fertilized with 200 kg K2O ha\u22121 yr\u22121 (applications in March and May) (Commissie Bemesting Grasland en Voedergewassen, 2019). Fertilizer application quantities and organic matter and nutrient inputs are provided in Fertilizer_intput.csv (dataset). The grassland had an history of conventional management with mainly cutting, winter grazing with sheep and a normal fertilization regime with both slurry manure and inorganic fertilizer. The normal cutting and grazing regime was continued in the first two years of the experiment; during 2015, the monitoring year, the plots were not grazed and only cut for herbage measurements. Measurements From April to October 2015, soil and aboveground measurements were carried out. Most soil parameters were measured in October. Earthworms and insect larvae are an important food source for meadow birds during the pre-breeding period in spring (Galbraith, 1989) and were therefore sampled in April. Soil moisture and penetration resistance were measured both in April and October. Soil biological parameters Earthworms and insect larvae were sampled in the top soil layer in two soil cubes (20 \u00d7 20 \u00d7 20 cm) per plot. Earthworms were hand-sorted, counted, weighed and fixed in alcohol prior to identification. Both adults and juveniles were identified to species (Sims and Gerard, 1985; St\u00f6p-Bowitz, 1969) and classified into functional groups (Bouch\u00e9, 1977). Crane flies (Tipulidae; leatherjackets) or click beetles (Elateridae; wireworms) larvae were counted. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) were measured in October. PLFA were extracted from 4 g of fresh soil (Paloj\u00e4rvi, 2006), and analyzed by gas chromatography (Hewlett-Packard, USA). PLFA i15:0, a15:0, 15:0, i16:0, 16:1\u03c99, i17:0, a17:0, cy17:0, 18:1\u03c97 and cy19:0 were chosen to represent bacteria and PLFA 18:2\u03c96 was used as a marker of saprotrophic fungi (Hedlund, 2002). The neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) 16:1\u03c95 occurs in storage lipids of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and was used as marker of AMF (Vestberg et al., 2012). PLFA i15:0, a15:0, i16:0, i17:0 and a17:0 were used as a measure of Gram-positive bacteria, and cy17:0 and cy19:0 for Gram-negative bacteria. PLFA 10Me16:0, 10Me17:0 and 10Me18:0 represented actinomycetes. Soil chemical parameters A soil sample from the 0\u221210 cm layer (c. 50 randomly taken soil cores) per experimental plot was collected in October (auger diameter 2.3 cm; Eijkelkamp grass plot sampler, Giesbeek, the Netherlands), was sieved (1 cm mesh size) and homogenized. One sub-sample was taken for analysis of hot water extractable carbon (HWC) according to Ghani et al. (2003) and one for chemical analysis. Prior to analysis of soil acidity (pHKCl), soil organic matter (SOM), total carbon (Ctotal), total nitrogen (Ntotal), total phosphorus (Ptotal) and ammonium-lactate extractable P (PAL) by Eurofins Agro (Wageningen, the Netherlands), the sub sample was dried at 40\u00b0C. Soil pHKCl was measured according to NEN-ISO 10390 2005. SOM was determined by loss-on-ignition (NEN 5754 2005). Ctotal was measured by incineration at 1150\u00b0C, and determination of the CO2 produced by an infrared detector (LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, Mich., USA). For Ntotal, evolved gasses after incineration were reduced to N2 and measured with a thermal-conductivity detector (LECO Corporation, St. Joseph, Mich., USA). Ptotal was analysed with Fleishmann acid (Houba et al., 1997). PAL is used to assess the P supply capacity of grassland soils (Reijneveld et al., 2014) and was determined according to Egn\u00e9r et al. (1960) (NEN 5793). Soil physical parameters Soil moisture was determined in April and October in a homogenized 0\u221210 cm soil sample after drying at 105\u00b0C for 24 hrs. Moisture content was expressed as percentage of fresh soil weight. Penetration resistance was measured (April and October) with a penetrologger (Eijkelkamp, Giesbeek, the Netherlands; cone of 2.0 cm2 penetration surface and 60\u00b0 apex angle. Penetration resistance was expressed as an average of 7 penetrations per plot and per soil layer of 0\u221210, 10\u221220, and 20\u221230 cm. Soil structure and rooting density were assessed in October in the 0\u221210 cm and 10\u221225 cm layers. The percentage of crumbs, sub-angular blocky elements and angular blocky elements was estimated by one experienced person as described by Peerlkamp (1959) and Shepherd (2000), Root density was estimated by scoring visible roots (score 1\u201310; 1 for no roots and 10 for above average). Water infiltration rate was measured in October at three spots per experimental plot in 5 of the 6 blocks (35 plots). A PVC pipe (15 cm high, 15 cm diameter) was pushed into the soil to a depth of 10 cm. 500 ml water was poured into each pipe and the infiltration time was recorded. If the infiltration time exceeded 15 min, the remaining water volume was estimated to calculate the infiltration rate (mm min\u22121). Grass yield and botanical composition Grass dry matter (DM) and N yield were determined during 2015 with a Haldrup plot harvester (J. Haldrup a/s, L\u00f8gst\u00f8r, Denmark). The four harvest dates were May 15, June 29, August 19 and September 30. Fresh biomass, DM content (70\u00b0C for 24 hrs) and total N content (Kjeldahl) were determined for each harvest. Herbage DM yield (Mg DM ha\u22121) and herbage N yield (kg N ha\u22121) were calculated. Apparent N recovery (ANR; kg N.kg N\u22121) was calculated as (N yield(fertilized) \u2013 N yield(non-fertilized))/(N fertilization rate) (Vellinga and Andr\u00e9, 1999). In June 2015, botanical composition was measured by visually estimating the relative soil cover of the sward and the proportion of each species therein (Sikkema, 1997). Data files Data_soil_grass.csv Content: Dataset with soil biological (earthworms, microbial PLFA), soil chemical, soil physical parameters, herbage dry matter and N yields, and botanical parameters. Column names and units: plot: Experimental plot number (1-42) treatment: Treatment code (see text) block: Block number (1-6) EW_species_number: Earthworm - number of species EW_totalnumber: Earthworm - total number per m2 EW_epigeic: Earthworm - number of epigeic adults and juveniles per m2 EW_endogeic: Earthworm - number of endogeic adults and juveniles per m2 EW_adults: Earthworm - number of adults per m2 EW_juveniles: Earthworm - number of juveniles per m2 EW_adult_epigeic: Earthworm - number of epigeic adults per m2 EW_adult_endogeic: Earthworm - number of endogeic adults per m2 EW_juven_epigeic: Earthworm - number of epigeic juveniles per m2 EW_juven_endogeic: Earthworm - number of endogeic juveniles per m2 EW_L_rubellus: Earthworm - number of L. rubellus adults and juveniles per m2 EW_A_chlorotica: Earthworm - number of A. chlorotica adults and juveniles per m2 EW_A_caliginosa: Earthworm - number of A. caliginosa adults and juveniles per m2 EW_O_lacteum: Earthworm - number of O. lacteum adults and juveniles per m2 EW_A_rosea: Earthworm - number of A. rosea adults and juveniles per m2 EW_O_cyaenum: Earthworm - number of O. cyaneum adults and juveniles per m2 EW_L_castaneus: Earthworm - number of L. castaneus adults and juveniles per m2 EW_D_rubida: Earthworm - number of D. rubida adults and juveniles per m2 EW_adult_L_rubellus: Earthworm - number of L. rubellus adults per m2 EW_adult_A_chlorotica: Earthworm - number of A. chlorotica adults per m2 EW_adult_A_caliginosa: Earthworm - number of A. caliginosa adults per m2 EW_adult_O_lacteum: Earthworm - number of O. lacteum adults per m2 EW_adult_A_rosea: Earthworm - number of A. rosea adults per m2 EW_adult_O_cyaenum: Earthworm - number of O. cyaneum adults per m2 EW_adult_L_castaneus: Earthworm - number of L. castaneus adults per m2 EW_adult_D_rubida: Earthworm - number of D. rubida adults per m2 EW_juven_L_rubellus: Earthworm - number of L. rubellus juveniles per m2 EW_juven_A_chlorotica: Earthworm - number of A. chlorotica juveniles per m2 EW_juven_A_caliginosa: Earthworm - number of A. caliginosa juveniles per m2 EW_non_determined: Earthworm - number of non determined individuals per m2 EW_total_biomass: Earthworm - total fresh biomass per m2 Leatherjackets: number of leatherjackets per m2 Wireworms: number of wireworms per m2 TOTmicrPLFA: total microbial PLFA in nmol.g-1 dry soil bactPLFA: bacterial PLFA in nmol.g-1 dry soil saprofungPLFA: saprotrophic fungal PLFA in nmol.g-1 dry soil Fung_bactPLAF_ratio: ratio of fungal to bacterial PLFA GramPLUSplfa: gram positive PLFA in nmol.g-1 dry soil GramMINplfa: gram negative PLFA in nmol.g-1 dry soil ratioGram_PLUS_MIN: ratio of gram positive to gram negative PLFA AMFsporNLFA: AMF spores NLFA in nmol.g-1 dry soil ActinomPLFA: Actinomycetes PLFA in nmol.g-1 dry soil ShannonPLFA: PLFA shannon diversity index SOM: soil organic matter in g.100 g-1 dry soil Ctotal: total C in g.100 g-1 dry soil HWC: hot water extractable C in \u03bcg.100 g-1 dry soil Ntotal: total N in g.100 g-1 dry soil Ptotal: total P2O5 in mg.100 g-1 dry soil P_AL: total P-AL in mg.100 g-1 dry soil pH_KCl: pH-KCl CN_ratio: C:N ratio C_SOM: C:SOM ratio Soilmoisture_April: soil moisture content in April in g.100g-1 fresh soil Penetrationresistance_April_cm010: penetration resistance in April in 10-20 cm in Newton Penetrationresistance_April_cm1020: penetration resistance in April in 20-30 cm in Newton Penetrationresistance_April_cm2030: penetration resistance in April in 0-10 cm in Newton Soilmoisture_October: soil moisture content in October in g.100g-1 fresh soil Penetrationresistance_October_cm010: penetration resistance in October in 10-20 cm in Newton Penetrationresistance_October_cm1020: penetration resistance in October in 20-30 cm in Newton Penetrationresistance_October_cm2030: penetration resistance in October in 0-10 cm in Newton crumb_struct_cm010: percentage of crumb elements in 0-10 cm round_struct_cm011: percentage of sub-angular elements in 0-10 cm rootdensity_cm010: score (1-10) of root density in 0-10 cm crumb_struct_cm1025: percentage of crumb elements in 10-25 cm round_struct_cm1025: percentage of sub-angular elements in 10-25 cm sharp_struct_cm1025: percentage of angular elements in 10-25 cm rootdensity_cm1025: score (1-10) of root density in 10-25 cm water_infiltration: water infiltration rate in mm per minute DM_yield_year: total herbage dry matter yield in kg.ha-1 per year DM_yield_H1: herbage dry matter yield of harvest 1 in kg.ha-1 DM_yield_H2: herbage dry matter yield of harvest 2 in kg.ha-1 DM_yield_H3: herbage dry matter yield of harvest 3 in kg.ha-1 DM_yield_H4: herbage dry matter yield of harvest 4 in kg.ha-1 N_yield_year: total herbage N yield in kg.ha-1 per year N_yield_H1: herbage N yield of harvest 1 in kg.ha-1 N_yield_H2: herbage N yield of harvest 2 in kg.ha-1 N_yield_H3: herbage N yield of harvest 3 in kg.ha-1 N_yield_H4: herbage N yield of harvest 4 in kg.ha-1 DMperc_yield_year: herbage dry matter content (per year; weighed average over the 4 harvests) in g.100g-1 fresh weight DMperc_yield_H1: herbage dry matter content of harvest 1 in g.100g-1 fresh weight DMperc_yield_H2: herbage dry matter content of harvest 2 in g.100g-1 fresh weight DMperc_yield_H3: herbage dry matter content of harvest 3 in g.100g-1 fresh weight DMperc_yield_H4: herbage dry matter content of harvest 4 in g.100g-1 fresh weight Ncontent_yield_year: herbage N content (per year; weighed average over the 4 harvests) in g.kg-1 dry matter Ncontent_yield_H1: herbage N content of harvest 1 in g.kg-1 dry matter Ncontent_yield_H2: herbage N content of harvest 2 in g.kg-1 dry matter Ncontent_yield_H3: herbage N content of harvest 3 in g.kg-1 dry matter Ncontent_yield_H4: herbage N content of harvest 4 in g.kg-1 dry matter fresh_yield_H1: herbvage fresh yield of harvest 1 in Mg.ha-1 ANR: apparent N recovery in kg N.kg N-1 productive_grasses: cover percentage of L. perenne and P trivialis monocotyledons: cover percentage of monocotyledons dicotyledons: cover percentage of dicotyledons plant_species: number of plant species monocot_species: number of monocotyledon species dicot_species: number of dicotyledon species Lolium_perenne: plant cover % Poa_trivialis: plant cover % Phleum_pratense: plant cover % Elytrigia_repens: plant cover % Poa_annua: plant cover % Agrostis_stolonifera: plant cover % Holcus_lanatus: plant cover % Alopecurus_pratensis: plant cover % Alopecurus_geniculatus: plant cover % Trifolium_repens: plant cover % Taraxacum_officinale: plant cover % Ranunculus_arvensis: plant cover % Rumex_obtusifolius: plant cover % Rumex_crispus: plant cover % Ranunculus_acris: plant cover % Stellaria_media: plant cover % Cardamine_pratensis: plant cover % Bellis_perennis: plant cover % Rumex_acetosa: plant cover % Ranunculus_sceleratus: plant cover % Polygonum_aviculare: plant cover % Capsella_bursa-pastoris: plant cover % Glechoma_hederacea: plant cover % Geranium_molle: plant cover % Fertilizer_input.csv Content: Application quantities of fertilizers and ash, organic matter, C and mineral inputs, and fertilizer C:N ratio. Total N input is the sum of mineral N (Nmin) and organic N (Norg). Average values per hectare and per year over the years 2013\u22122015. Column names and units: Treatment: Treatment code (see text) Fertilizer_fresh: Applied fertilizer in Mg.ha-1 per year (fresh weight) Fertilizer_DM: Applied fertilizer in Mg.ha-1 per year (dry matter weight); for IF+SD this is the sum of 2.72 Mg sawdust + 0.45 Mg N fertilizer Ash: Mineral fraction in kg.ha-1 per year OM: Organic matter in kg.ha-1 per year C: Total C in kg.ha-1 per year Nmin: Mineral N in kg.ha-1 per year Norg: Organic N in kg.ha-1 per year P2O5: kg.ha-1 per year C_N_ratio: C:N ratio", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "herbage production", "manure", "PLFA", "Life Science", "earthworms", "soil quality", "15. Life on land", "regenerative farming", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Deru, Joachim, Bloem, Jaap, De Goede, Ron, Brussaard, Lijbert, Van Eekeren, Nick,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7307470"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.7307470", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.7307470", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.7307470"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10138/335756", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:25:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-04", "title": "Microbial inputs at the litter layer translate climate into altered organic matter properties", "description": "

&lt;p&gt;Plant litter chemistry is altered during decomposition but it remains unknown if these alterations, and thus the composition of residual litter, will change in response to climate. Selective microbial mineralization of litter components and the accumulation of microbial necromass can drive litter compositional change, but the extent to which these mechanisms respond to climate remains poorly understood. We addressed this knowledge gap by studying needle litter decomposition along a boreal forest climate transect. Specifically, we investigated how the composition and/or metabolism of the decomposer community varies with climate, and if that variation is associated with distinct modifications of litter chemistry during decomposition. We analyzed the composition of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) in the litter layer and measured natural abundance &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;PLFA&lt;/sub&gt; values as an integrated measure of microbial metabolisms. Changes in litter chemistry and &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C values were measured in litterbag experiments conducted at each transect site. A warmer climate was associated with higher litter nitrogen concentrations as well as altered microbial community structure (lower fungi:bacteria ratios) and microbial metabolism (higher &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;PLFA&lt;/sub&gt;). Litter in warmer transect regions accumulated less aliphatic&amp;#8208;C (lipids, waxes) and retained more O&amp;#8208;alkyl&amp;#8208;C (carbohydrates), consistent with enhanced &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&amp;#8208;enrichment in residual litter, than in colder regions. These results suggest that chemical changes during litter decomposition will change with climate, driven primarily by indirect climate effects (e.g., greater nitrogen availability and decreased fungi:bacteria ratios) rather than direct temperature effects. A positive correlation between microbial biomass &amp;#948;&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C values and &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&amp;#8208;enrichment during decomposition suggests that change in litter chemistry is driven more by distinct microbial necromass inputs than differences in the selective removal of litter components. Our study highlights the role that microbial inputs during early litter decomposition can play in shaping surface litter contribution to soil organic matter as it responds to climate warming effects such as greater nitrogen availability.&lt;/p&gt;

", "keywords": ["DECOMPOSITION", "C-13", "CP‐", "necromass", "litter decomposition", "COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "Soil", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "Taiga", "boreal forest", "bacteria", "C-13 NMR", "TEMPERATURE", "Biochemistry", " cell and molecular biology", "Soil Microbiology", "FUNGAL", "2. Zero hunger", "MAS C-13‐", "Fungi", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "NMR", "6. Clean water", "climate transect", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "FOREST SOILS", "PLFA", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fungi", "FATTY-ACIDS", "BULK CARBON", "LIGNIN"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15420"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10138/335756"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10138/335756", "name": "item", "description": "10138/335756", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10138/335756"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10317/17247", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:25:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-12-31", "title": "Effect of Biofertilizers on Broccoli Yield and Soil Quality Indicators", "description": "

High rates of fertilizer applications potentially have significant environmental consequences, such as soil and water contamination and biodiversity loss. This study aimed to compare the use of biofertilizers and inorganic fertilizers in a broccoli crop to determine their impact on soil microorganism abundance, microbial community structure, functional gene diversity, yield, and greenhouse gas emissions. Four different fertilization treatments were designed: (i) inorganic fertilizers applied at a rate to cover the nutritional demands of the crop (F100); (ii) 50% of the rate of inorganic fertilizers added in F100 (F50); (iii) F50 + the application of a formulation of various bacteria (BA); and (iv) F50 + the application of a formulation of bacteria and non-mycorrhizal fungi (BA + FU). The results showed that reduced fertilization and the addition of both biofertilizer products had no significant effect on soil nutrients, microbial population, microbial activity, or yield when compared to conventional inorganic fertilization. Thus, microbial inoculants were ineffective in enhancing soil microbial abundance and activity, and there were no changes in GHG emissions or crop yields. Nonetheless, crop yield was positively related to total soil N, microbial activity, and CO2 emissions, confirming the positive effect of soil biodiversity on production. The application of biofertilizers can help reduce mineral fertilization in a broccoli crop with no negative effect on yield.

", "keywords": ["CO2", "Brassica oleracea var italica Plenck", "PLFAs", "Biofertilizers", "N2O", "CH4", "01 natural sciences", "SB1-1110", "12. Responsible consumption", "11. Sustainability", "Enzyme activities", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "biofertilizers", "2. Zero hunger", "CH4", "N2O", "Plant culture", "Nutrients", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola", "enzyme activities", "13. Climate action", "3101.02 Fabricaci\u00f3n de Abonos", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CO2"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10317/17247"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Horticulturae", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10317/17247", "name": "item", "description": "10317/17247", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10317/17247"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10317/18601", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:25:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-22", "title": "The impact of crop diversification, tillage and fertilization type on soil total microbial, fungal and bacterial abundance: A worldwide meta-analysis of agricultural sites", "description": "Microorganisms play a key role in nutrient cycling in agriculture and can contribute to improve soil quality and enhance crop production. Thus, there is a need to identify the most suitable management practices which foster increases in soil microbial biomass and diversity. A meta-analysis was performed to assess changes in microbial abundance in agricultural soils affected by: (i) management practices (tillage, fertilization and crop diversification); and (ii) environmental factors, including climate characteristics and soil properties. The scope of the meta-analysis was to evaluate whether microbial abundances are affected or not by organic fertilization or no fertilization, crop diversification (intercropping and crop rotations) and conservation tillage (reduced tillage/no-tillage) as an alternative to intensive conventional monocultures in agriculture. Only papers showing data on phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), providing indicators about soil microbial (total PLFA), fungal and bacterial biomass reached a critical mass to perform the meta-analysis. Therefore, soil microbial diversity could not be analyzed considering different management practices. Results showed that intercropping and crop rotations only significantly increased the abundance of fungi, with the corresponding increase in the fungal-to-bacterial ratio. Organic fertilization contributed to significant increases in bacterial and fungal abundance and total PLFA compared to mineral fertilization. Contrarily, the lack of fertilization negatively affected total PLFA, with no significant effect on bacterial and fungal abundances. Reduced tillage significantly increased total PLFA, fungal and bacterial abundances compared to conventional tillage, while no tillage had only a positive effect on fungi. Thus, as a general pattern, the adoption of sustainable management practices, mostly organic fertilization and reduced tillage, has overall positive effects on soil total microbial, fungal and bacterial abundance. These variables were not related to soil physicochemical properties and climatic factors, suggesting a positive global effect of sustainable management practices on soil microbial abundances. Thus, this study shows new insights by a meta-analysis of global studies about the effect of sustainable management practices on soil microbial abundances, needed for land-managers, policy-makers and farmers to select sustainable cropping systems that enhance microbial abundance. Financiado para publicaci\u00f3n en acceso aberto: Universidade de Vigo/CISUG Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Competitividad | Ref. RYC-2015\u201318758 Ministerio de Econom\u00eda, Industria y Competitividad | Ref. RYC-2016\u201320411 Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\u00f3n | Ref. FJC2019\u2013039176-I Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481D-2021/016", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic farming", "15. Proteger", " restablecer y promover el uso sostenible de los ecosistemas terrestres", " gestionar sosteniblemente los bosques", " luchar contra la desertificaci\u00f3n", " detener e invertir la degradaci\u00f3n de las tierras y detener la p\u00e9rdida de biodiversidad", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tillage", "12. Responsible consumption", "Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola", "13. Climate action", "Diversification", "Fertilization", "2. Poner fin al hambre", " lograr la seguridad alimentaria y la mejora de la nutrici\u00f3n y promover la agricultura sostenible", "PLFA", "3103.08 Gesti\u00f3n de la Producci\u00f3n Vegetal", "3103.12 Comportamiento del Suelo en Cultivos Rotatorios", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "25 Ciencias de la Tierra y del Espacio::2511 Ciencias del Suelo (Edafolog\u00eda)", "3103.05 T\u00e9cnicas de Cultivo"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10317/18601"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10317/18601", "name": "item", "description": "10317/18601", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10317/18601"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11353/10.1146400", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:26:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-26", "title": "Rapid Transfer of Plant Photosynthates to Soil Bacteria via Ectomycorrhizal Hyphae and Its Interaction With Nitrogen Availability", "description": "Plant roots release recent photosynthates into the rhizosphere, accelerating decomposition of organic matter by saprotrophic soil microbes ('rhizosphere priming effect') which consequently increases nutrient availability for plants. However, about 90% of all higher plant species are mycorrhizal, transferring a significant fraction of their photosynthates directly to their fungal partners. Whether mycorrhizal fungi pass on plant-derived carbon (C) to bacteria in root-distant soil areas, i.e., incite a 'hyphosphere priming effect,' is not known. Experimental evidence for C transfer from mycorrhizal hyphae to soil bacteria is limited, especially for ectomycorrhizal systems. As ectomycorrhizal fungi possess enzymatic capabilities to degrade organic matter themselves, it remains unclear whether they cooperate with soil bacteria by providing photosynthates, or compete for available nutrients. To investigate a possible C transfer from ectomycorrhizal hyphae to soil bacteria, and its response to changing nutrient availability, we planted young beech trees (Fagus sylvatica) into 'split-root' boxes, dividing their root systems into two disconnected soil compartments. Each of these compartments was separated from a litter compartment by a mesh penetrable for fungal hyphae, but not for roots. Plants were exposed to a 13C-CO2-labeled atmosphere, while 15N-labeled ammonium and amino acids were added to one side of the split-root system. We found a rapid transfer of recent photosynthates via ectomycorrhizal hyphae to bacteria in root-distant soil areas. Fungal and bacterial phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarkers were significantly enriched in hyphae-exclusive compartments 24 h after 13C-CO2-labeling. Isotope imaging with nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) allowed for the first time in situ visualization of plant-derived C and N taken up by an extraradical fungal hypha, and in microbial cells thriving on hyphal surfaces. When N was added to the litter compartments, bacterial biomass, and the amount of incorporated 13C strongly declined. Interestingly, this effect was also observed in adjacent soil compartments where added N was only available for bacteria through hyphal transport, indicating that ectomycorrhizal fungi were acting on soil bacteria. Together, our results demonstrate that (i) ectomycorrhizal hyphae rapidly transfer plant-derived C to bacterial communities in root-distant areas, and (ii) this transfer promptly responds to changing soil nutrient conditions.", "keywords": ["Hyphosphere priming", "DYNAMICS", "0301 basic medicine", "PLFAs", "Microbiology", "ectomycorrhiza", "03 medical and health sciences", "Mycorrhizosphere", "MICROBIAL COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "NanoSIMS", "hyphal carbon transfer", "hyphosphere bacteria", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "0303 health sciences", "IDENTIFICATION", "RHIZOSPHERE", "15. Life on land", "QR1-502", "EXTRACTION METHOD", "Ectomycorrhiza", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI", "hyphosphere priming", "mycorrhizosphere", "Hyphal carbon transfer", "106022 Microbiology", "FATTY-ACIDS", "Hyphosphere bacteria", "BAYESIAN CLASSIFIER", "CARBON ALLOCATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/11353/10.1146400"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11353/10.1146400", "name": "item", "description": "11353/10.1146400", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11353/10.1146400"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-0003-863B-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:26:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-01-04", "title": "14C\u2010Free Carbon Is a Major Contributor to Cellular Biomass in Geochemically Distinct Groundwater of Shallow Sedimentary Bedrock Aquifers", "description": "Abstract

Despite the global significance of the subsurface biosphere, the degree to which it depends on surface organic carbon (OC) is still poorly understood. Here, we compare stable and radiogenic carbon isotope compositions of microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) with those of in situ potential microbial C sources to assess the major C sources for subsurface microorganisms in biogeochemical distinct shallow aquifers (Critical Zone Exploratory, Thuringia Germany). Despite the presence of younger OC, the microbes assimilated 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90free OC to varying degrees; ~31% in groundwater within the oxic zone, ~47% in an iron reduction zone, and ~70% in a sulfate reduction/anammox zone. The persistence of trace amounts of mature and partially biodegraded hydrocarbons suggested that autochthonous petroleum\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived hydrocarbons were a potential 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90free C source for heterotrophs in the oxic zone. In this zone, \uffce\uff9414C values of dissolved inorganic carbon (\uffe2\uff88\uff92366\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa018\uffe2\uff80\uffb0) and 11MeC16:0 (\uffe2\uff88\uff92283\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa032\uffe2\uff80\uffb0), an important component in autotrophic nitrite oxidizers, were similar enough to indicate that autotrophy is an important additional C fixation pathway. In anoxic zones, methane as an important C source was unlikely since the 13C\uffe2\uff80\uff90fractionations between the PLFAs and CH4 were inconsistent with kinetic isotope effects associated with methanotrophy. In the sulfate reduction/anammox zone, the strong 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90depletion of 10MeC16:0 (\uffe2\uff88\uff92942\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa022\uffe2\uff80\uffb0), a PLFA common in sulfate reducers, indicated that those bacteria were likely to play a critical part in 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90free sedimentary OC cycling. Results indicated that the 14C\uffe2\uff80\uff90content of microbial biomass in shallow sedimentary aquifers results from complex interactions between abundance and bioavailability of naturally occurring OC, hydrogeology, and specific microbial metabolisms.