Owing to its wide metabolic versatility and physiological robustness, together with amenability to genetic manipulations and high resistance to stressful conditions, Pseudomonas putida is increasingly becoming the organism of choice for a range of applications in both industrial and environmental applications. However, a range of applied synthetic biology and metabolic engineering approaches are still limited by the lack of specific genetic tools to effectively and efficiently regulate the expression of target genes. Here, we present a single\uffe2\uff80\uff90plasmid CRISPR\uffe2\uff80\uff90interference (CRISPRi) system expressing a nuclease\uffe2\uff80\uff90deficient cas9 gene under the control of the inducible XylS/Pm expression system, along with the option of adopting constitutively expressed guide RNAs (either sgRNA or crRNA and tracrRNA). We showed that the system enables tunable, tightly controlled gene repression (up to 90%) of chromosomally expressed genes encoding fluorescent proteins, either individually or simultaneously. In addition, we demonstrate that this method allows for suppressing the expression of the essential genes pyrF and ftsZ, resulting in significantly low growth rates or morphological changes respectively. This versatile system expands the capabilities of the current CRISPRi toolbox for efficient, targeted and controllable manipulation of gene expression in P. putida.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Pseudomonas putida", "Life Science", "Gene Expression", "Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats", "CRISPR-Cas Systems", "RNA", " Guide", " CRISPR-Cas Systems", "TP248.13-248.65", "Research Articles", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1751-7915.13533"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13533"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Biotechnology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1751-7915.13533", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1751-7915.13533", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1751-7915.13533"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-002-0201-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:14:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-11-26", "title": "Effects Of Increased Nitrogen Deposition On The Distribution Of N-15-Labeled Nitrogen Between Sphagnum And Vascular Plants", "description": "To elucidate the sensitivity of bog ecosystems to high levels of nitrogen (N) deposition, we investigated the fate of 15N-labeled N deposition in bog vegetation in the Netherlands, both at ambient and increased N deposition. We doubled N deposition by adding 5 g N m\u22122 y\u22121 as dissolved NH4NO3 during three growing seasons to large peat monoliths (1.1 m diameter) with intact bog vegetation kept in large outdoor containers. A small amount of 15N tracer was applied at the start of the second growing season, and its distribution among Sphagnum, vascular plant species, and peat was determined at the end of the third growing season. The 15N tracer was also applied to additional plots at the untreated field site to check for initial distribution. One week after addition, 79% of the total amount of 15N retrieved was found in the living Sphagnum layer and less than 10% had been captured by vascular plants. Fifteen months later, 63% of the total amount of 15N retrieved was still present in the living Sphagnum layer at ambient N deposition. Increased N deposition significantly reduced the proportion of 15N in Sphagnum and increased the amount of 15N in vascular plants. Deep-rooting vascular plant species were significantly more 15N enriched, suggesting that at higher atmospheric inputs N penetrates deeper into the peat. Our results provide the first direct experimental evidence for that which has often been suggested: Increased atmospheric N deposition will lead to increased N availability for vascular plants in ombrotrophic mires.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Peat monoliths", "15N tracer", "Bog ecosystem", "Ombrotrophic mire", "Competition", "Nitrogen", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-002-0201-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-002-0201-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-002-0201-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-002-0201-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-021-00759-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:14:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-01-26", "title": "How much carbon can be added to soil by sorption?", "description": "AbstractQuantifying the upper limit of stable soil carbon storage is essential for guiding policies to increase soil carbon storage. One pool of carbon considered particularly stable across climate zones and soil types is formed when dissolved organic carbon sorbs to minerals. We quantified, for the first time, the potential of mineral soils to sorb additional dissolved organic carbon (DOC) for six soil orders. We compiled 402 laboratory sorption experiments to estimate the additional DOC sorption potential, that is the potential of excess DOC sorption in addition to the existing background level already sorbed in each soil sample. We estimated this potential using gridded climate and soil geochemical variables within a machine learning model. We find that mid- and low-latitude soils and subsoils have a greater capacity to store DOC by sorption compared to high-latitude soils and topsoils. The global additional DOC sorption potential for six soil orders is estimated to be 107 $$ pm$$ \uffc2\uffb1 13 Pg C to 1\uffc2\uffa0m depth. If this potential was realized, it would represent a 7% increase in the existing total carbon stock.Greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions from peatlands contribute significantly to ongoing climate change because of human land use. To develop reliable and comprehensive estimates and predictions of GHG emissions from peatlands, it is necessary to have GHG observations, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), that cover different peatland types globally. We synthesize published peatland studies with field GHG flux measurements to identify gaps in observations and suggest directions for future research. Although GHG flux measurements have been conducted at numerous sites globally, substantial gaps remain in current observations, encompassing various peatland types, regions and GHGs. Generally, there is a pressing need for additional GHG observations in Africa, Latin America and the Caribbean regions. Despite widespread measurements of CO2 and CH4, studies quantifying N2O emissions from peatlands are scarce, particularly in natural ecosystems. To expand the global coverage of peatland data, it is crucial to conduct more eddy covariance observations for long-term monitoring. Automated chambers are preferable for plot-scale observations to produce high temporal resolution data; however, traditional field campaigns with manual chamber measurements remain necessary, particularly in remote areas. To ensure that the data can be further used for modeling purposes, we suggest that chamber campaigns should be conducted at least monthly for a minimum duration of one year with no fewer than three replicates and measure key environmental variables. In addition, further studies are needed in restored peatlands, focusing on identifying the most effective restoration approaches for different ecosystem types, conditions, climates, and land use histories.\u00a060\u00a0cm. The input data consisted of 3.5 million point observations and 188 feature rasters from various sources. We carefully split the reference data into training and test sets, allowing for independent and robust model validation. Feature selection included an initial screening for multicollinearity using correlation-based feature pruning, followed by final selection using a genetic algorithm. Feature importance was evaluated using permutation importance and SHAP values. The resulting models utilized 26\u201333 features, achieving overall accuracies and F1-scores between 86\u201395\u00a0% and 0.82\u20130.95, respectively. The most important features included soil wetness indices, terrain roughness indices, and natural gamma radiation. Additionally, we provided an approach for evaluating spatial prediction uncertainty based on the models\u2019 internal prediction agreement. Compared to existing superficial deposit maps, our peat predictions significantly improve the spatial detail of peatlands at the national level, offering new opportunities for land use planning and emission mitigation. Our exceptionally comprehensive approach is broadly applicable, offering new insights into optimizing machine learning-based digital peatland mapping, particularly through refining feature selection to account for local conditions and enhance prediction accuracy.", "keywords": ["550", "Peatland", "Science", "Peat thickness", "Q", "Remote sensing", "630", "remote sensing", "machine learning", "Digital soil mapping", "Machine learning", "Feature selection", "Nation-wide dataset", "Uncertainty quantification"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117216"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117216", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117216", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2025.117216"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.proci.2020.08.052", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:16:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-30", "title": "Using cellular automata to simulate field-scale flaming and smouldering wildfires in tropical peatlands", "description": "Abstract Peat wildfires are the largest fires on Earth involving both flaming and smouldering combustion, with one leading to the other. A common ignition source of smouldering fires in tropical peatlands are intentional flaming fires used to clear surface vegetation. To capture the behaviour of these fires, it is necessary to consider the interaction between flaming vegetation and smouldering peat. However, doing so is infeasible with the state-of-the-art wildfire models, as they do not consider the transition from flaming to smouldering and are computationally too expensive at the field-scale hundreds of hectares. In this work, we overcome these limitations and model both flaming and smouldering at the field-scale using cellular automata: that is a discrete mathematical model that uses simple rules to capture complex behaviour while remaining computationally light. The model was calibrated against existing experiments in the literature and used to predict the effect of peat moisture content on the behaviour of peatland wildfires. The model shows how flaming creates smouldering hotspots and how these hotspots merge \u2013 flaming spreads rapidly, consuming surface vegetation, leaving behind hotspots of smouldering peat which consumes most of the peat. The model was then applied to study a real prescribed fire of 573\u202fha peatland in Borneo in 2015, observed by drone footage. The model captured the spread patterns of the fire and predicted that 2.9\u202fha of peatland burnt after 3 months with 70% peat moisture content (dry-based). This ioutcome could have been reduced to 0.02\u202fha if the peat moisture content had been above 100%. This work improves the fundamental understanding of how peat wildfires spread at the field scale which has received little attention until now.", "keywords": ["Cellular automata", "Technology", "Engineering", " Chemical", "Energy & Fuels", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "Chemical", "0902 Automotive Engineering", "Prescribed fire", "FIRE", "01 natural sciences", "630", "Modelling", "Engineering", "Smouldering", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Science & Technology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "624", "Peat fire", "15. Life on land", "Mechanical", "Engineering", " Mechanical", "MODEL", "13. Climate action", "Physical Sciences", "Thermodynamics", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SPREAD", "0913 Mechanical Engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.08.052"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20Combustion%20Institute", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.proci.2020.08.052", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.proci.2020.08.052", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.proci.2020.08.052"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:16:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-22", "title": "Transient gas and particle emissions from smouldering combustion of peat", "description": "Abstract Smouldering combustion of peat drives the largest fires on Earth, and their emissions play an important role in global carbon balance and regional air quality. Here we report a series of controlled laboratory experiments of peat fires. Peat samples of 100% moisture content in dry basis were burnt in an open-top reactor with dimensions of 20 \u00d7 20 \u00d7 10 cm. The diagnostics are a unique set of simultaneous measurements consisting of real-time mass loss, up to 20 different gas species concentration, size-fractioned particle mass (PM10, PM2.5 and PM1), temperature profile, and visual and infrared imaging. This comprehensive framework of measurements reveals that the evolution of the emissions varies in time with four observed stages (ignition, growth, steady and burn out) which are characterised by different combustion dynamics. Mass flux measurements show that CO2, CO, CH4 and NH3 are the four most predominant gas species emitted in the steady stage. Incorporating the mass loss rate, the transient emission factors (EFm) of both gas and particle species are calculated and reported here for the first time. Averaging the steady stage, the EFm of PM2.5 reached 23.12 g kg\u22121, which accounts for 87.2% of the total particle mass, and PM1 EFm was reported to be 15.04 g kg\u22121. The EFm of alkane species (CH4, C2H6, C3H8, C4H10) were found to peak within the ignition stage, whereas the EFm of CO2, CO and NH3 kept increasing during the steady stage. Because of these measurements, for the first time we were able to validate the EF calculated by assuming averaged values and a carbon balance, which is the preferred method used in remote sensing and atmospheric sciences. This work contributes to a better understanding of peat fire emissions and could help develop strategies tackling regional haze.", "keywords": ["Technology", "Engineering", " Chemical", "550", "Energy & Fuels", "Pollutions", "0904 Chemical Engineering", "Chemical", "Wildfire", "0902 Automotive Engineering", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "INDONESIA", "BIOMASS", "Engineering", "Biomass", "FIRES", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Science & Technology", "ROLES", "Peat", "Mechanical", "540", "Fire", "Engineering", " Mechanical", "13. Climate action", "Physical Sciences", "Thermodynamics", "0913 Mechanical Engineering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20Combustion%20Institute", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.proci.2018.06.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.094", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:16:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-15", "title": "Fighting Carbon Loss Of Degraded Peatlands By Jump-Starting Ecosystem Functioning With Ecological Restoration", "description": "Degradation of ecosystems is a great concern on the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Ecological restoration fights degradation aiming at the recovery of ecosystem functions such as carbon (C) sequestration and ecosystem structures like plant communities responsible for the C sequestration function. We selected 38 pristine, drained and restored boreal peatland sites in Finland and asked i) what is the long-term effect of drainage on the peatland surface layer C storage, ii) can restoration recover ecosystem functioning (surface layer growth) and structure (plant community composition) and iii) is the recovery of the original structure needed for the recovery of ecosystem functions? We found that drainage had resulted in a substantial net loss of C from surface layer of drained sites. Restoration was successful in regaining natural growth rate in the peatland surface layer already within 5 years after restoration. However, the regenerated surface layer sequestered C at a mean rate of 116.3 g m(-2) yr(-1) (SE 12.7), when a comparable short-term rate was 178.2 g m(-2) yr(-1) (SE 13.3) at the pristine sites. The plant community compositions of the restored sites were considerably dissimilar to those of pristine sites still 10 years after restoration. We conclude that ecological restoration can be used to jump-start some key peatland ecosystem functions even without the recovery of original ecosystem structure (plant community composition). However, the re-establishment of other functions like C sequestration may require more profound recovery of conditions and ecosystem structure. We discuss the potential economic value of restored peatland ecosystems from the perspective of their C sequestration function.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Carbon Sequestration", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "ecosystem structure\u2013function relationship", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "ta1172", "Museo", "plant community composition", "turve", "03 medical and health sciences", "Museum", "ecosystem recovery", "Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia", "ta116", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Restoration and Remediation", "Finland", "0303 health sciences", "hiilensidonta", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "carbon sequestration", "Carbon", "13. Climate action", "Wetlands", "peat", "ta1181", "ecosystem degradation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.094"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.094", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.094", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.07.094"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-08", "title": "Peat Origin And Land Use Effects On Microbial Activity, Respiration Dynamics And Exo-Enzyme Activities In Drained Peat Soils In The Netherlands", "description": "This study assessed the risk of decomposition-driven soil subsidence in drained peat soils in the Netherlands, contrasting in peat origin and current land use. In a full factorial design, fen peat and bog peat were sampled from sites in use for nature conservation and for dairy farming, which contrast in history of drainage and fertilisation. In these four peat types, which frequently occur in the Netherlands, the microbial activity and respiration dynamics were studied in samples from superficial oxic peat layers by measuring Substrate Induced Respiration (SIR) and Substrate Induced Growth Response (SIGR). Total and active microbial biomass, microbial growth potential and potential exo-enzyme activities were determined in unamended samples and after nitrogen and/or glucose amendments.
Remarkably, peat origin and land use did not affect basal respiration rates. In contrast, land use affected microbial biomass and potential growth rates as they were quadrupled in dairy meadows compared to nature reserves. This may be attributable to the pulses of organic and inorganic fertiliser that are being supplied in agricultural peatlands. Potential activities of oxidative exo-enzymes (phenol oxidase, POX, and phenol peroxidase, POD), in contrast, depended more on peat type, indicating a difference in peat substrate quality. Basal respiration rates and enzyme activities were not related. Phosphorus enrichment was identified as a potential driver of increased peat decomposition. The activity of the oxidative enzyme phenol oxidase and the concentration of phenolic compounds, which are considered to be the main regulators of peat decomposition according to the enzymic latch theory, were not related to respiration rates. It was concluded that decomposition theories like the enzymic latch theory (attributing a main role in the regulation of decomposition to phenolic compounds and phenol oxidase) were not supported by our research in the drained peat soils in the Netherlands.", "keywords": ["Decomposition", "Peat", "national", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Microbial activity", "Energy limitation", "13. Climate action", "Nutrient limitation", "SIR", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.018", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2015.11.018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-17", "title": "Short- And Long-Term Effects Of Nutrient Enrichment On Microbial Exoenzyme Activity In Mangrove Peat", "description": "Abstract Mangroves receive increasing quantities of nutrients as a result of coastal development, which could lead to significant changes in carbon sequestration and soil subsidence. We hypothesised that mangrove-produced tannins induce a nitrogen (N) limitation on microbial decomposition even when plant growth is limited by phosphorus (P). As a result, increased N influx would lead to a net loss of sequestered carbon negating the ability to compensate for sea level rise in P-limited mangroves. To examine this, we quantified the short- and long-term effects of N and P enrichment on microbial biomass and decomposition-related enzyme activities in a Rhizophora mangle-dominated mangrove, which had been subjected to fertilisation treatments for a period of fifteen years. We compared microbial biomass, elemental stoichiometry and potential enzyme activity in dwarf and fringe-type R. mangle-dominated sites, where primary production is limited by P or N depending on the proximity to open water. Even in P-limited mangroves, microbial activity was N-limited as indicated by stoichiometry and an increase in enzymic activity upon N amendment. Nevertheless, microbial biomass increased upon field additions of P, indicating that the carbon supply played even a larger role. Furthermore, we found that P amendment suppressed phenol oxidase activity, while N amendment did not. The possible differential nutrient limitations of microbial decomposers versus primary producers implies that the direction of the effect of eutrophication on carbon sequestration is nutrient-specific. In addition, this study shows that phenol oxidase activities in this system decrease through P, possibly strengthening the enzymic latch effect of mangrove tannins. Furthermore, it is argued that the often used division between N-harvesting, P-harvesting, and carbon-harvesting exoenzymes needs to be reconsidered.", "keywords": ["Rhizophora", "Decomposition", "Peat", "Differential nutrient limitation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Microbial activity", "Microbial elemental stoichiometry", "13. Climate action", "international", "Taverne", "11. Sustainability", "Mangroves", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "SOC", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.11.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.10.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-16", "title": "Recovery of methane turnover and the associated microbial communities in restored cutover peatlands is strongly linked with increasing Sphagnum abundance", "description": "Abstract Vegetation succession is known to affect carbon-cycling patterns of recovering cutover peatlands, displayed as shifts in emissions of the greenhouse gases CO2 and CH4. However, the related plant-microbe interactions are still poorly understood. We aimed to link the recovery of the organisms responsible for CH4 turnover, the methanogens and the methanotrophs, to the re-vegetation related compositional changes of three functional plant types (Sphagna, sedges and shrubs). In peat layers, the Sphagnum coverage was the most influential factor for the activity, abundance and community structures of both these microbial groups, demonstrating a succession pattern towards a pristine stage. Analysis of mcrA and pmoA genes revealed Methanoregulaceae and Methylocystis as the most dominant methanogens and methanotrophs, respectively. The relatively fast recovery of both CH4 production and oxidation in the peat layers supports earlier flux based results from these same fen-type peatland sites. In contrast to peat, CH4 oxidation in living Sphagnum mosses appeared to be independent of vegetation succession as CH4 oxidation potential was similar throughout the succession stages. This indicated that Sphagnum may be a valuable CH4 biofilter especially in the early re-vegetation stages when the oxidation in the peat has not yet recovered. Therefore, we recommend Sphagnum transplantation as a tool for climate friendly peatland restoration with faster recovery of the carbon sink function and altered CH4 emissions.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "0303 health sciences", "Aitoneva", "peat extraction", "ta1172", "ta1183", "Methanogenic archaea", "plant functional types", "15. Life on land", "Methanotrophic bacteria", "ecosystem restoration", "ekosysteemit", "Kihni\u00f6", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "616", "ta1181", "ennallistaminen", "turvemaat", "Finland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.10.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.10.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.10.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.10.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.17187559", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:22:52Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Gap-filled subset of the Peatland Mid-Infrared Database (1.0.0)", "description": "Introduction This is a gap-filled subset of the Peatland Mid-Infrared Database (1.0.0) (pmird database) stored in the rds format from the R programming language. Measurements for some peat properties were gap-filled using mid-infrared spectra (MIRS) prediction models described in Teickner and Knorr (2025) or calculated from element contents or bulk densities using auxiliary models. Format File irp_pmird_gap_filled.rds contains a list with the following elements: meta: A data frame with a row for each record (id_measurement) in the pmird database for which attributes were gap-filled and three columns: id_measurement, id_sample, id_measurement. Values of these columns identify unique records in the pmird database. The remaining elements are all data frames with a row for each row in meta and each column representing a peat property. yhat: A data frame with gap-filled values predicted from the MIRS prediction models. For the meaning of the variables, please see Teickner and Knorr (2025) and the documentation of the prediction models in the R packages irpeatmodels (Teickner 2025a) and irpeat (Teickner 2025b). yhat_auxilliary: A data frame with gap-filled values computed without MIRS prediction models. Gap-filled values are available for the following peat properties: C_to_N_3 (C/N), O_to_C_3 (O/C), H_to_C_3 (H/C), nosc_2 (nominal oxidation state of carbon, NOSC): Values are computed from element contents measured with elemental analyzers. dgf0_3 (standard Gibbs free enrgy of formation): Values are computed from element contents measured with elemental analyzers with auxiliary models as described in Teickner and Knorr (2025). volume_fraction_solids_1 (volume fraction of solids), non_macroporosity_1 (volume fraction of non-macropores), macroporosity_1 (volume fraction of macropores), saturated_hydraulic_conductivity_1 (saturated hydraulic conductivity), dry_thermal_conductivity_1 (dry thermal conductivity): Values are estimated with pedotransfer functions described in Teickner and Knorr (2025) from bulk density measurements. specific_heat_capacity_1 (specific heat capacity): Values are estimated with a pedotransfer function described in Teickner and Knorr (2025) from N content measurements. is_in_training_pd: A data frame with a logical value for each entry indicating whether the MIRS used for gap-filling of values in yhat is within the training prediction domain of the respective MIRS prediction model (TRUE) or not (FALSE). For the definition of training prediction domain, see Teickner and Knorr (2025). is_in_testing_pd: A data frame with a logical value for each entry indicating whether the MIRS used for gap-filling of values in yhat is within the testing prediction domain of the respective MIRS prediction model (TRUE) or not (FALSE). For the definition of training prediction domain, see Teickner and Knorr (2025). Usage notes To load the data within an R session, the following R packages need to be installed: tibble, posterior, and units. The rds file containing the data can be loaded as follows: d <- readRDS(file = file, refhook = (x) new.env()) Here, file is the path to the rds file. The columns in yhat and yhat_auxilliary are rvar objects from the posterior\u00a0package (https://mc-stan.org/posterior/articles/rvar.html). Data sources Data in the database were derived from the following sources: De la Cruz, Osborne, and Barlaz (2016), Hodgkins et al. (2018), Knierzinger et al. (2020), Knierzinger (2020), M\u00fcnchberger (2019), M\u00fcnchberger et al. (2019), Schuster et al. (2022), Drollinger, Kuzyakov, and Glatzel (2019), Drollinger et al. (2020), Agethen and Knorr (2018), Kendall (2020), L. I. Harris et al. (2023), L. Harris and Olefeldt (2023), Pelletier et al. (2017), Teickner, Gao, and Knorr (2021), Teickner, Gao, and Knorr (2022), Heffernan (2019), Heffernan et al. (2020), Broder et al. (2012), Anzenhofer (2014, unpublished), Mathijssen et al. (2019), Wagner (2013), H\u00f6mberg (2014), Berger et al. (2017), Berger et al. (2018), T. R. Moore et al. (2019), Diaconu et al. (2020), Ga\u0142ka, H\u00f6lzer, et al. (2022), Ga\u0142ka, Diaconu, et al. (2022), L. I. Harris et al. (2018), L. I. Harris et al. (2019), Boothroyd et al. (2021), Worrall (2021), Reuter et al. (2019b), Reuter et al. (2019a), Reuter et al. (2020), T. Moore et al. (2005), Turunen et al. (2004). Acknowledgements Development of this database was funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) grant no. KN 929/23-1 to Klaus-Holger Knorr and grant no. PE 1632/18-1 to Edzer Pebesma. References Agethen, Svenja, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2018. \u201cJuncus Effusus Mono-Stands in Restored Cutover Peat Bogs \u2013 Analysis of Litter Quality, Controls of Anaerobic Decomposition, and the Risk of Secondary Carbon Loss.\u201d Soil Biology and Biochemistry 117: 139\u201352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.11.020. Anzenhofer, Regina. 2014, unpublished. \u201cBiogeochemical Characterization of Peat Profiles Along a Vegetation Gradient in an Ombrotrophic Bog, Patagonia.\u201d Master\u2019s thesis. Berger, Sina, Gerhard Gebauer, Christian Blodau, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2017. \u201cPeatlands in a Eutrophic World \u2013 Assessing the State of a Poor Fen-Bog Transition in Southern Ontario, Canada, After Long Term Nutrient Input and Altered Hydrological Conditions.\u201d Soil Biology and Biochemistry 114 (November): 131\u201344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2017.07.011. Berger, Sina, Leandra S. E. Praetzel, Marie Goebel, Christian Blodau, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2018. \u201cDifferential Response of Carbon Cycling to Long-Term Nutrient Input and Altered Hydrological Conditions in a Continental Canadian Peatland.\u201d Biogeosciences 15 (3): 885\u2013903. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-885-2018. Boothroyd, I. M., F. Worrall, C. S. Moody, G. D. Clay, G. D. Abbott, and R. Rose. 2021. \u201cSulfur Constraints on the Carbon Cycle of a Blanket Bog Peatland.\u201d Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 126 (8). https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JG006435. Broder, T., C. Blodau, H. Biester, and K. H. Knorr. 2012. \u201cPeat Decomposition Records in Three Pristine Ombrotrophic Bogs in Southern Patagonia.\u201d Biogeosciences 9 (4): 1479\u201391. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-1479-2012. De la Cruz, Florentino B., Jason Osborne, and Morton A. Barlaz. 2016. \u201cDetermination of Sources of Organic Matter in Solid Waste by Analysis of Phenolic Copper Oxide Oxidation Products of Lignin.\u201d Journal of Environmental Engineering 142 (2): 04015076. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0001038. Diaconu, Andrei-Cosmin, Ioan Tan\u0163\u0103u, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Werner Borken, Angelica Feurdean, Andrei Panait, and Mariusz Ga\u0142ka. 2020. \u201cA Multi-Proxy Analysis of Hydroclimate Trends in an Ombrotrophic Bog over the Last Millennium in the Eastern Carpathians of Romania.\u201d Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 538 (January): 109390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109390. Drollinger, Simon, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Wolfgang Knierzinger, and Stephan Glatzel. 2020. \u201cPeat Decomposition Proxies of Alpine Bogs Along a Degradation Gradient.\u201d Geoderma 369 (June): 114331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114331. Drollinger, Simon, Yakov Kuzyakov, and Stephan Glatzel. 2019. \u201cEffects of Peat Decomposition on 13C and 15N Depth Profiles of Alpine Bogs.\u201d CATENA 178 (July): 1\u201310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2019.02.027. Ga\u0142ka, Mariusz, Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu, Angelica Feurdean, Julie Loisel, Henning Teickner, Tanja Broder, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2022. \u201cRelations of Fire, Palaeohydrology, Vegetation Succession, and Carbon Accumulation, as Reconstructed from a Mountain Bog in the Harz Mountains (Germany) During the Last 6200 Years.\u201d Geoderma 424 (October): 115991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2022.115991. Ga\u0142ka, Mariusz, Adam H\u00f6lzer, Angelica Feurdean, Julie Loisel, Henning Teickner, Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu, Marta Szal, Tanja Broder, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2022. \u201cInsight into the Factors of Mountain Bog and Forest Development in the Schwarzwald Mts.: Implications for Ecological Restoration.\u201d Ecological Indicators 140 (July): 109039. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109039. Harris, Lorna I., Tim R. Moore, Nigel T. Roulet, and Andrew J. Pinsonneault. 2018. \u201cLichens: A Limit to Peat Growth?\u201d Edited by John Lee. Journal of Ecology 106 (6): 2301\u201319. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.12975. \u2014\u2014\u2014. 2019. \u201cData from: Lichens: A Limit to Peat Growth?\u201d Data. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.s136dc8. Harris, Lorna I., David Olefeldt, Nicolas Pelletier, Christian Blodau, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Julie Talbot, Liam Heffernan, and Merritt Turetsky. 2023. \u201cPermafrost Thaw Causes Large Carbon Loss in Boreal Peatlands While Changes to Peat Quality Are Limited.\u201d Global Change Biology, August, gcb.16894. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16894. Harris, Lorna, and David Olefeldt. 2023. \u201cPermafrost Thaw Causes Large Carbon Loss in Boreal Peatlands While Changes to Peat Quality Are Limited.\u201d Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/DRYAD.47D7WM3KK. Heffernan, Liam. 2019. \u201cPeat Carbon, \u03b4 14C, Macrofossil, and Humification Data from a Thawing Permafrost Peatland in Western Canada.\u201d UAL Dataverse. https://doi.org/10.7939/DVN/MKM0ZE. Heffernan, Liam, Cristian Estop-Aragon\u00e9s, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Julie Talbot, and David Olefeldt. 2020. \u201cLong-Term Impacts of Permafrost Thaw on Carbon Storage in Peatlands: Deep Losses Offset by Surficial Accumulation.\u201d Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences 125 (3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JG005501. Hodgkins, Suzanne B., Curtis J. Richardson, Ren\u00e9 Dommain, Hongjun Wang, Paul H. Glaser, Brittany Verbeke, B. Rose Winkler, et al. 2018. \u201cTropical Peatland Carbon Storage Linked to Global Latitudinal Trends in Peat Recalcitrance.\u201d Nature Communications 9 (1): 3640. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06050-2. H\u00f6mberg, Annkathrin. 2014. \u201cGeochemische Charakterisierung von Mooren der Changbai Mountains.\u201d {Bachelor thesis}, M\u00fcnster: M\u00fcnster. Kendall, Rachel Anne. 2020. \u201cMicrobial and Substrate Decomposition Factors in Commercially Extracted Peatlands in Canada.\u201d Master\u2019s thesis, Montr\u00e9al: McGill University. Knierzinger, Wolfgang. 2020. \u201c(Bio)geochemical Data P\u00fcrgschachen Moor.\u201d Pangaea. Knierzinger, Wolfgang, Ruth Drescher-Schneider, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Simon Drollinger, Andreas Limbeck, Lukas Brunnbauer, Felix Horak, Daniela Festi, and Michael Wagreich. 2020. \u201cAnthropogenic and Climate Signals in Late-Holocene Peat Layers of an Ombrotrophic Bog in the Styrian Enns Valley (Austrian Alps).\u201d E&G Quaternary Science Journal 69 (2): 121\u201337. https://doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-69-121-2020. Mathijssen, Paul J. H., Mariusz Ga\u0142ka, Werner Borken, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2019. \u201cPlant Communities Control Long Term Carbon Accumulation and Biogeochemical Gradients in a Patagonian Bog.\u201d Science of The Total Environment 684 (September): 670\u201381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.310. Moore, Tim R., Klaus-Holger Knorr, Lauren Thompson, Cameron Roy, and Jill L. Bubier. 2019. \u201cThe Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Peat in an Ombrotrophic Bog.\u201d Geoderma 343 (June): 176\u201386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.02.034. Moore, Tim, Christian Blodau, Jukka Turunen, Nigel T. Roulet, and Pierre J. H. Richard. 2005. \u201cPatterns of Nitrogen and Sulfur Accumulation and Retention in Ombrotrophic Bogs, Eastern Canada.\u201d Global Change Biology 11 (2): 356\u201367. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00882.x. M\u00fcnchberger, Wiebke. 2019. \u201cPast and Present Carbon Dynamics in Contrasting South Patagonian Bog Ecosystems.\u201d PhD thesis, M\u00fcnster: University M\u00fcnster. M\u00fcnchberger, Wiebke, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Blodau, Ver\u00f3nica A. Pancotto, and Till Kleinebecker. 2019. \u201cZero to Moderate Methane Emissions in a Densely Rooted, Pristine Patagonian Bog \u2013 Biogeochemical Controls as Revealed from Isotopic Evidence.\u201d Biogeosciences 16 (2): 541\u201359. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-541-2019. Pelletier, Nicolas, Julie Talbot, David Olefeldt, Merritt Turetsky, Christian Blodau, Oliver Sonnentag, and William L Quinton. 2017. \u201cInfluence of Holocene Permafrost Aggradation and Thaw on the Paleoecology and Carbon Storage of a Peatland Complex in Northwestern Canada.\u201d The Holocene 27 (9): 1391\u20131405. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683617693899. Reuter, Hendrik, Julia Gensel, Marcus Elvert, and Dominik Zak. 2019a. \u201cCuO Lignin, and Bulk Decomposition Data of a 75-Day Anoxic Phragmites Australis Litter Decomposition Experiment in Soil Substrates from Three Northeast German Wetlands.\u201d PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.902176. \u2014\u2014\u2014. 2019b. \u201cInfrared Spectra (FTIR) of Phragmites Australis Litter, Initial and After Anoxic Decomposition in Three Wetland Substrates.\u201d PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.902069. \u2014\u2014\u2014. 2020. \u201cEvidence for Preferential Protein Depolymerization in Wetland Soils in Response to External Nitrogen Availability Provided by a Novel FTIR Routine.\u201d Biogeosciences 17 (2): 499\u2013514. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-499-2020. Schuster, Wiebke, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Blodau, Mariusz Ga\u0142ka, Werner Borken, Ver\u00f3nica A. Pancotto, and Till Kleinebecker. 2022. \u201cControl of Carbon and Nitrogen Accumulation by Vegetation in Pristine Bogs of Southern Patagonia.\u201d Science of The Total Environment 810 (March): 151293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151293. Teickner, Henning. 2025a. \u201cirpeatmodels: Mid-infrared Prediction Models for Peat.\u201d \u2014\u2014\u2014. 2025b. \u201cpmird: R Interface to the Peatland Mid-Infrared Database.\u201d Teickner, Henning, Chuanyu Gao, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2021. \u201cReproducible Research Compendium with R Code and Data for: \u2019Electrochemical Properties of Peat Particulate Organic Matter on a Global Scale: Relation to Peat Chemistry and Degree of Decomposition\u2019.\u201d Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5792970. \u2014\u2014\u2014. 2022. \u201cElectrochemical Properties of Peat Particulate Organic Matter on a Global Scale: Relation to Peat Chemistry and Degree of Decomposition.\u201d Global Biogeochemical Cycles 36 (2): e2021GB007160. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GB007160. Teickner, Henning, and Klaus-Holger Knorr. 2025. \u201cPrediction of Peat Properties from Transmission Mid-Infrared Spectra in the Peatland Mid-Infrared Spectra Database.\u201d Turunen, Jukka, Nigel T. Roulet, Tim R. Moore, and Pierre J. H. Richard. 2004. \u201cNitrogen Deposition and Increased Carbon Accumulation in Ombrotrophic Peatlands in Eastern Canada: N Deposition and Peat Accumulation.\u201d Global Biogeochemical Cycles 18 (3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GB002154. Wagner, Sindy. 2013. \u201cAnalysis of Peat Decomposition, Element Distribution Patterns and Element Output of Two Peat Bogs in the Thuringian Forest.\u201d Master\u2019s thesis, University Bayreuth. Worrall, Fred. 2021. \u201cSulphur Constraints on the Carbon Cycle of a Blanket Bog Peatland [Dataset].\u201d Durham University. https://doi.org/10.15128/R2PK02C9794.", "keywords": ["nominal oxidation state of carbon", "bogs", "porosity", "element content", "peat", "Gibbs free enrgy of formation", "thermal conductivity", "specific heat capacity", "mid-infrared spectra", "pmird", "peatlands", "hydraulic conductivity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Teickner, Henning, Knorr, Klaus-Holger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17187559"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.17187559", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.17187559", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.17187559"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-09-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2017JD027827", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-26", "title": "Fine Particle Emissions From Tropical Peat Fires Decrease Rapidly With Time Since Ignition", "description": "Abstract
Southeast Asia experiences frequent fires in fuel\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich tropical peatlands, leading to extreme episodes of regional haze with high concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) impacting human health. In a study published recently, the first field measurements of PM2.5 emission factors for tropical peat fires showed larger emissions than from other fuel types. Here we report even higher PM2.5 emission factors, measured at newly ignited peat fires in Malaysia, suggesting that current estimates of fine particulate emissions from peat fires may be underestimated by a factor of 3 or more. In addition, we use both field and laboratory measurements of burning peat to provide the first mechanistic explanation for the high variability in PM2.5 emission factors, demonstrating that buildup of a surface ash layer causes the emissions of PM2.5 to decrease as the peat fire progresses. This finding implies that peat fires are more hazardous (in terms of aerosol emissions) when first ignited than when still burning many days later. Varying emission factors for PM2.5 also have implications for our ability to correctly model the climate and air quality impacts downwind of the peat fires. For modelers able to implement a time\uffe2\uff80\uff90varying emission factor, we recommend an emission factor for PM2.5 from newly ignited tropical peat fires of 58\uffc2\uffa0g of PM2.5 per kilogram of dry fuel consumed (g/kg), reducing exponentially at a rate of 9%/day. If the age of the fire is unknown or only a single value may be used, we recommend an average value of 24\uffc2\uffa0g/kg.
", "keywords": ["5", "550", "TRACE GASES", "PM2", "PM2.5", "Social and Behavioral Sciences", "01 natural sciences", "TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY", "INDONESIA", "CARBON", "SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being", "11. Sustainability", "Medicine and Health Sciences", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "AUSTRALIAN VEGETATION FIRES", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Science & Technology", "GE", "emissions", "AIR-POLLUTION", "15. Life on land", "FOREST", "FIELD-MEASUREMENTS", "DERIVATION", "13. Climate action", "Physical Sciences", "PREMATURE MORTALITY", "peat", "FoR 0401 (Atmospheric Sciences)", "FoR 0502 (Environmental Science and Management)", "fire"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/id/eprint/9303/1/Fine%20Particle%20Emissions%20From%20Tropical%20Peat%20Fires%20Decrease%20Rapidly%20With%20Time%20Since%20Ignition..pdf"}, {"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2017JD027827"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JD027827"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2017JD027827", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2017JD027827", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2017JD027827"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2020wr028624", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-21", "title": "Hydraulic and Physical Properties of Managed and Intact Peatlands: Application of the Van Genuchten\u2010Mualem Models to Peat Soils", "description": "AbstractUndisturbed peatlands are effective carbon sinks and provide a variety of ecosystem services. However, anthropogenic disturbances, especially land drainage, strongly alter peat soil properties and jeopardize the benefits of peatlands. The effects of disturbances should therefore be assessed and predicted. To support accurate modeling, this study determined the physical and hydraulic properties of intact and disturbed peat samples collected from 59 sites (in total 3,073 samples) in Finland and Norway. The bulk density (BD), porosity, and specific yield (Sy) values obtained indicated that the top layer (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm depth) at agricultural and peat extraction sites was most affected by land use change. The BD in the top layer at agricultural, peat extraction, and forestry sites was 441%, 140%, and 92% higher, respectively, than that of intact peatlands. Porosity decreased with increased BD, but not linearly. Agricultural and peat extraction sites had the lowest saturated hydraulic conductivity, Sy, and porosity, and the highest BD of the land use options studied. The van Genuchten\uffe2\uff80\uff90Mualem (vGM) soil water retention curve (SWRC) and hydraulic conductivity (K) models proved to be applicable for the peat soils tested, providing values of SWRC, K, and vGM\uffe2\uff80\uff90parameters (\uffce\uffb1 and n) for peat layers (top, middle and bottom) under different land uses. A decrease in peat soil water content of \uffe2\uff89\uffa510% reduced the unsaturated K values by two orders of magnitude. This unique data set can be used to improve hydrological modeling in peat\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated catchments and for fuller integration of peat soils into large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale hydrological models.Methane fluxes were measured at five sites representing oligotrophic peatlands along a European transect. Five study plots were subjected to elevated CO2 concentration (560 ppm), and five plots to NH4NO3 (3 or 5 g N yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The CH4 emissions from the control plots correlated in most cases with the soil temperatures. The depth of the water table, the pH, and the DOC, N and SO4 concentrations were only weakly correlated with the CH4 emissions. The elevated CO2 treatment gave nonsignificantly higher CH4 emissions at three sites and lower at two sites. The N treatment resulted in higher methane emissions at three sites (nonsignificant). At one site, the CH4 fluxes of the N\uffe2\uff80\uff90treatment plots were significantly lower than those of the control plots. These results were not in agreement with our hypotheses, nor with the results obtained in some earlier studies. However, the results are consistent with the results of the vegetation analyses, which showed no significant treatment effects on species relationships or biomass production.
", "keywords": ["northern peatlands", "methane emissions", "atmospheric carbon-dioxide", "temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "forest soils", "nitrogen deposition", "boreal mire", "13. Climate action", "raised co2", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "bog vegetation", "water-table", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2002gb001886"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2002gb001886", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2002gb001886", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2002gb001886"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2005jg000152", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-08-08", "title": "Nutrient Control Of Microbial Carbon Cycling Along An Ombrotrophic-Minerotrophic Peatland Gradient", "description": "Future climate change and other anthropogenic activities are likely to increase nutrient availability in many peatlands, and it is important to understand how these additional nutrients will influence peatland carbon cycling. We investigated the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus on aerobic CH4oxidation, anaerobic carbon mineralization (as CO2and CH4production), and anaerobic nutrient mineralization in a bog, an intermediate fen, and a rich fen in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. We utilized a 5\uffe2\uff80\uff90week laboratory nutrient amendment experiment in conjunction with a 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year field nutrient fertilization experiment to consider how the relative response to nitrogen and phosphorus differed among these wetlands over the short and long term. Field fertilizations generally increased nutrient availability in the upper 15 cm of peat and resulted in shifts in the vegetation community in each peatland. High nitrogen concentrations inhibited CH4oxidation in bog peat during short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term incubations; however, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term fertilization with lower concentrations of nitrogen stimulated rates of CH4oxidation in bog peat. In contrast, no nitrogen effects on CH4oxidation were observed in the intermediate or rich fen peat. Anaerobic carbon mineralization in bog peat was consistently inhibited by increased phosphorus availability, but similar phosphorus additions had few effects in the intermediate fen and stimulated CH4production and nutrient mineralization in the rich fen. Our results demonstrate that nitrogen and phosphorus are important controls of peatland microbial carbon cycling; however, the role of these nutrients can differ over the short and long term and is strongly mediated by peatland type.
", "keywords": ["Other Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "2. Zero hunger", "Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology", "Nutrients", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Peatlands", "Biochemistry", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Microbial Carbon Cycling", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2005jg000152"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2005jg000152", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2005jg000152", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2005jg000152"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2006gb002715", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-06", "title": "Response Of Peatland Carbon Dioxide And Methane Fluxes To A Water Table Drawdown Experiment", "description": "Northern peatlands play an important role in the global carbon cycle representing a significant stock of soil carbon and a substantial natural source of atmospheric methane (CH4). Peatland carbon cycling is affected by water table position which is predicted to be lowered by climate change. Therefore we compared carbon fluxes along a natural peatland microtopographic gradient (control) to an adjacent microtopographic gradient with an experimentally lowered water table (experimental) during three growing seasons to assess the impact of water table drawdown on peatland\uffe2\uff80\uff90atmosphere carbon exchange. Water table drawdown induced peat subsidence and a change in the vegetation community at the experimental site. This limited differences in carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange between the control and experimental sites resulting in no significant differences between sites after three seasons. However, there was a trend to higher respiration rates and increased productivity in low\uffe2\uff80\uff90lying zones (hollows) and this was coincident with increased vegetation cover at these plots. In general, CH4 efflux was reduced at the experimental site, although CH4 efflux from control and experimental hollows remained similar throughout the study. The differential response of carbon cycling to the water table drawdown along the microtopographic gradient resulted in local topographic high zones (hummocks) experiencing a relative increase in global warming potential (GWP) of 152%, while a 70% reduction in GWP was observed at hollows. Thus the distribution and composition of microtopographic elements, or microforms, within a peatland is important for determining how peatland carbon cycling will respond to climate change.
", "keywords": ["climate change", "13. Climate action", "peatland carbon cycling", "water table drawdown", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "333", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gb002715"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2006gb002715", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2006gb002715", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2006gb002715"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2019GL083025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-06", "title": "Peatland Volume Mapping over Resistive Substrates with Airborne Electromagnetic Technology", "description": "AbstractDespite the importance of peatlands as carbon reservoirs, a reliable methodology for the detection of peat volumes at regional scale is still missing. In this study we explore for the first time the use of airborne electromagnetic (AEM) to detect and quantify peat thickness and extension of two bogs located in Norway, where peat lays over resistive bedrock. Our results show that when calibrated using a small amount of field measurements, AEM can successfully detect peat volume even in less ideal conditions, that is, relatively resistive peat over resistive substrata. We expect the performance of AEM to increase significantly in presence of a conductive substratum without need of calibration with field data. The organic carbon content retrieved from field surveys and laboratory analyses combined with the 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90D model of the peat extracted from AEM allowed us to quantify the total organic carbon of the selected bogs, hence assessing the carbon pool.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "CRESCENDO", " Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie action", " peatlands", " peat samples", " peat thickness", " Norway", " bogs", " Airborne Electromagnetics", " SkyTEM", " organic carbon content", " carbon pool", "Airborne electromagnetic; organic carbon; peat thickness; peatlands", " Marie Curie fellowship", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/717338/1/Silvestri_et_al-2019-Geophysical_Research_Letters.pdf"}, {"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2019GL083025"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geophysical%20Research%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2019GL083025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2019GL083025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2019GL083025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41467-022-31540-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-07-01", "title": "Global stocks and capacity of mineral-associated soil organic carbon", "description": "AbstractSoil is the largest terrestrial reservoir of organic carbon and is central for climate change mitigation and carbon-climate feedbacks. Chemical and physical associations of soil carbon with minerals play a critical role in carbon storage, but the amount and global capacity for storage in this form remain unquantified. Here, we produce spatially-resolved global estimates of mineral-associated organic carbon stocks and carbon-storage capacity by analyzing 1144 globally-distributed soil profiles. We show that current stocks total 899 Pg C to a depth of 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89m in non-permafrost mineral soils. Although this constitutes 66% and 70% of soil carbon in surface and deeper layers, respectively, it is only 42% and 21% of the mineralogical capacity. Regions under agricultural management and deeper soil layers show the largest undersaturation of mineral-associated carbon. Critically, the degree of undersaturation indicates sequestration efficiency over years to decades. We show that, across 103 carbon-accrual measurements spanning management interventions globally, soils furthest from their mineralogical capacity are more effective at accruing carbon; sequestration rates average 3-times higher in soils at one tenth of their capacity compared to soils at one half of their capacity. Our findings provide insights into the world\uffe2\uff80\uff99s soils, their capacity to store carbon, and priority regions and actions for soil carbon management.The tremendous reservoir of soil organic carbon (SOC) in wetlands is being threatened by water-table decline (WTD) globally. However, the SOC response to WTD remains highly uncertain. Here we examine the under-investigated role of iron (Fe) in mediating soil enzyme activity and lignin stabilization in a mesocosm WTD experiment in an alpine wetland. In contrast to the classic \uffe2\uff80\uff98enzyme latch\uffe2\uff80\uff99 theory, phenol oxidative activity is mainly controlled by ferrous iron [Fe(II)] and declines with WTD, leading to an accumulation of dissolvable aromatics and a reduced activity of hydrolytic enzyme. Furthermore, using dithionite to remove Fe oxides, we observe a significant increase of Fe-protected lignin phenols in the air-exposed soils. Fe oxidation hence acts as an \uffe2\uff80\uff98iron gate\uffe2\uff80\uff99 against the \uffe2\uff80\uff98enzyme latch\uffe2\uff80\uff99 in regulating wetland SOC dynamics under oxygen exposure. This newly recognized mechanism may be key to predicting wetland soil carbon storage with intensified WTD in a changing climate.
", "keywords": ["Composite material", "Science", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Environmental science", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Importance of Mangrove Ecosystems in Coastal Protection", "Soil water", "Carbon fibers", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Groundwater", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "Ecology", "Q", "Life Sciences", "Composite number", "Geology", "Mesocosm", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Materials science", "6. Clean water", "Water table", "Chemistry", "Geotechnical engineering", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Wetland", "Environmental chemistry", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Ferrous"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15972"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Communications", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/ncomms15972", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/ncomms15972", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/ncomms15972"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s43247-022-00523-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-18", "title": "Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry reveals widespread soil phosphorus limitation to microbial metabolism across Chinese forests", "description": "AbstractForest soils contain a large amount of organic carbon and contribute to terrestrial carbon sequestration. However, we still have a poor understanding of what nutrients limit soil microbial metabolism that drives soil carbon release across the range of boreal to tropical forests. Here we used ecoenzymatic stoichiometry methods to investigate the patterns of microbial nutrient limitations within soil profiles (organic, eluvial and parent material horizons) across 181 forest sites throughout China. Results show that, in 80% of these forests, soil microbes were limited by phosphorus availability. Microbial phosphorus limitation increased with soil depth and from boreal to tropical forests as ecosystems become wetter, warmer, more productive, and is affected by anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. We also observed an unexpected shift in the latitudinal pattern of microbial phosphorus limitation with the lowest phosphorus limitation in the warm temperate zone (41-42\uffc2\uffb0N). Our study highlights the importance of soil phosphorus limitation to restoring forests and predicting their carbon sinks.We determined evapotranspiration in three experiments designed to study the effects of elevated CO2 and increased N deposition on ombrotrophic bog vegetation. Two experiments used peat monoliths with intact bog vegetation in containers, with one experiment outdoors and the other in a greenhouse. A third experiment involved monocultures and mixtures of Sphagnum magellanicum and Eriophorum angustifolium in containers in the same greenhouse. To determine water use of the bog vegetation in July\uffe2\uff80\uff93August for each experiment and each year we measured water inputs and outputs from the containers. We studied the effects of elevated CO2 and N supply on evapotranspiration in relation to vascular plant biomass and exposure of the moss surface (measured as height of the moss surface relative to the container edge).
Elevated CO2 reduced water use of the bog vegetation in all three experiments, but the CO2 effect on evapotranspiration interacted with vascular plant biomass and exposure of the moss surface. Evapotranspiration in the outdoor experiment was largely determined by evaporation from the Sphagnum moss surface (as affected by exposure to wind) and less so by vascular plant transpiration. Nevertheless, elevated CO2 significantly reduced evapotranspiration by 9\uffe2\uff80\uff9310% in the outdoor experiment.
Vascular plants reduced evapotranspiration in the outdoor experiment, but increased water use in the greenhouse experiments. The relation between vascular plant abundance and evapotranspiration appears to depend on wind conditions; suggesting that vascular plants reduce water losses mainly by reducing wind speed at the moss surface.
Sphagnum growth is very sensitive to changes in water level; low water availability can have deleterious effects. As a consequence, reduced evapotranspiration in summer, whether caused by elevated CO2 or by small increases in vascular plant cover, is expected to favour Sphagnum growth in ombrotrophic bog vegetation.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Sphagnum", "Carbon dioxide", "Evapotranspiration", "13. Climate action", "Peat bog", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Mire", "Water use", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00440.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00440.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00440.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00440.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-023-42315-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-09-27", "title": "Potential of continuous cover forestry on drained peatlands to increase the carbon sink in Finland", "description": "AbstractLand-based mitigation measures are needed to achieve climate targets. One option is the mitigation of currently high greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of nutrient-rich drained peatland forest soils. Continuous cover forestry (CCF) has been proposed as a measure to manage this GHG emission source; however, its emission reduction potential and impact on timber production at regional and national scales have not been quantified. To quantify the potential emission reduction, we simulated four management scenarios for Finnish forests: (i) The replacement of clear-cutting by selection harvesting on nutrient-rich drained peatlands (CCF) and (ii) the current forest management regime (BAU), and both at two harvest levels, namely (i) the mean annual harvesting (2016\uffe2\uff80\uff932018) and (ii) the maximum sustainable yield. The simulations were conducted at the stand scale with a forest simulator (MELA) coupled with a hydrological model (SpaFHy), soil C model (Yasso07) and empirical GHG exchange models. Simulations showed that the management scenario that avoided clear-cutting on nutrient-rich drained peatlands (i.e. CCF) produced approximately 1 Tg CO2 eq. higher carbon sinks annually compared with BAU at equal harvest level for Finland. This emission reduction can be attributed to the maintenance of a higher biomass sink and to the mitigation of soil emissions from nutrient-rich drained peatland sites.---
stocks de carbone dans le sol", "[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture", " forestry", "\u00e9pic\u00e9a de Sitka", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1051/forest:2005078"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1051/forest:2005078", "name": "item", "description": "10.1051/forest:2005078", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1051/forest:2005078"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/WF16198", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-31", "title": "Downward spread of smouldering peat fire: the role of moisture, density and oxygen supply", "description": "
Smouldering fires in peatland are different from the flames in wildland fires. Smouldering peat fire is slow, low-temperature and more persistent, releasing large amounts of smoke into the atmosphere. In this work, we experimentally and computationally investigate the vertical downward spread of smouldering fire in a column of 30cm-tall moss peat under variable moisture content (MC) and bulk density. The measured downward spread rate decreases with depth and wet bulk density, and is ~1cmh\uffe2\uff88\uff921 equivalent to a carbon emission flux of 200 tonnesday\uffe2\uff88\uff921ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. We observe that downward spread increases as MC increases substantially at least inside the range from 10 to 70%, which is not intuitive and goes against the trend observed for the horizontal spread in the same peat. We also conduct one-dimensional computational simulations to successfully reproduce the experimental observations. The analysis shows that the spread rate increases with MC and decreases with density because smouldering spread is controlled by the oxygen supply. The volume of the porous peat expands when absorbing water, which reduces the density of organic matter and decreases the heat release rate. This shows that the widely assumed conclusion that the spread rate of wildfire decreases with MC is not universal when applied to smouldering fires.
", "keywords": ["WILDFIRES", "Science & Technology", "0602 Ecology", "fire spread rate", "Forestry", "BURN", "in-depth spread", "624", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "BIOMASS", "modelling", "COMBUSTION", "IGNITION", "13. Climate action", "DEPTH", "carbon emission", "0705 Forestry Sciences", "peatland", "ORGANIC SOILS", "0502 Environmental Science And Management", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "KINETICS", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.publish.csiro.au/WF/pdf/WF16198"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/WF16198"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Wildland%20Fire", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/WF16198", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/WF16198", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/WF16198"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/wf20117", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-08", "title": "Laboratory study on the suppression of smouldering peat wildfires: effects of flow rate and wetting agent", "description": "The application of water, or water mixed with suppressants, to combat wildfires is one of the most common firefighting methods but is rarely studied for smouldering peat wildfire, which is the largest type of fire worldwide in term of fuel consumption. We performed experiments by spraying suppressant to the top of a burning peat sample inside a reactor. A plant-based wetting agent suppressant was mixed with water at three concentrations: 0% (pure water), 1% (low concentration), and 5% (high concentration), and delivered with varying flowrates. The results showed that suppression time decreased non-linearly with flow rate. The average suppression time for the low-concentration solution was 39% lower than with just water, while the high-concentration solution reduced suppression time by 26%. The volume of fluid that contributes to the suppression of peat in our experiments is fairly constant at 5.7\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff892.1\uffe2\uff80\uff89L kg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 peat despite changes in flow rate and suppressant concentration. This constant volume suggests that suppression time is the duration needed to flood the peat layer and that the suppressant acts thermally and not chemically. The results provide a better understanding of the suppression mechanism of peat fires and can improve firefighting and mitigation strategies.
", "keywords": ["wetting", "Science & Technology", "550", "experiment", "smouldering", "0602 Ecology", "firefighting", "Forestry", "02 engineering and technology", "suppression", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0201 civil engineering", "mitigation", "13. Climate action", "0705 Forestry Sciences", "peatland", "0502 Environmental Science and Management", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "fire", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/wf20117"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Wildland%20Fire", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/wf20117", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/wf20117", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/wf20117"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.1811797116", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-14", "title": "Rivers across the Siberian Arctic unearth the patterns of carbon release from thawing permafrost", "description": "Climate warming is expected to mobilize northern permafrost and peat organic carbon (PP-C), yet magnitudes and system specifics of even current releases are poorly constrained. While part of the PP-C will degrade at point of thaw to CO 2 and CH 4 to directly amplify global warming, another part will enter the fluvial network, potentially providing a window to observe large-scale PP-C remobilization patterns. Here, we employ a decade-long, high-temporal resolution record of 14 C in dissolved and particulate organic carbon (DOC and POC, respectively) to deconvolute PP-C release in the large drainage basins of rivers across Siberia: Ob, Yenisey, Lena, and Kolyma. The 14 C-constrained estimate of export specifically from PP-C corresponds to only 17 \uffc2\uffb1 8% of total fluvial organic carbon and serves as a benchmark for monitoring changes to fluvial PP-C remobilization in a warming Arctic. Whereas DOC was dominated by recent organic carbon and poorly traced PP-C (12 \uffc2\uffb1 8%), POC carried a much stronger signature of PP-C (63 \uffc2\uffb1 10%) and represents the best window to detect spatial and temporal dynamics of PP-C release. Distinct seasonal patterns suggest that while DOC primarily stems from gradual leaching of surface soils, POC reflects abrupt collapse of deeper deposits. Higher dissolved PP-C export by Ob and Yenisey aligns with discontinuous permafrost that facilitates leaching, whereas higher particulate PP-C export by Lena and Kolyma likely echoes the thermokarst-induced collapse of Pleistocene deposits. Quantitative 14 C-based fingerprinting of fluvial organic carbon thus provides an opportunity to elucidate large-scale dynamics of PP-C remobilization in response to Arctic warming. narG, nirK, nirS, nosZ) at both sites. These results indicated that, long-term prescribed burning has little effect on the denitrifying communities, while it has varying effects on soil chemical properties at the two sites, which are likely to be explained by differences in vegetation type and soil moisture regime.", "keywords": ["580", "550", "FoR 0403 (Geology)", "denitrifying community", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "long-term repeated burning", "Microbiology", "3. Good health", "FoR 0605 (Microbiology)", "qPCR", "Soil biology", "13. Climate action", "sclerophyll forest", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil moisture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2014.908981"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geomicrobiology%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/01490451.2014.908981", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/01490451.2014.908981", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/01490451.2014.908981"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/nsr/nwab120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-29", "title": "Significant loss of soil inorganic carbon at the continental scale", "description": "Abstract
Widespread soil acidification due to atmospheric acid deposition and agricultural fertilization may greatly accelerate soil carbonate dissolution and CO2 release. However, to date, few studies have addressed these processes. Here, we use meta-analysis and nationwide-survey datasets to investigate changes in soil inorganic carbon (SIC) stocks in China. We observe an overall decrease in SIC stocks in topsoil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm) (11.33\uffc2\uffa0g C m\uffe2\uff80\uff932 yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) from the 1980s to the 2010s. Total SIC stocks have decreased by \uffe2\uff88\uffbc8.99\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.24% (1.37\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.37\uffc2\uffa0Pg C). The average SIC losses across China (0.046 Pg C yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) and in cropland (0.016 Pg C yr\uffe2\uff80\uff931) account for \uffe2\uff88\uffbc17.6%\uffe2\uff80\uff9324.0% of the terrestrial C sink and 57.1% of the soil organic carbon sink in cropland, respectively. Nitrogen deposition and climate change have profound influences on SIC cycling. We estimate that \uffe2\uff88\uffbc19.12%\uffe2\uff80\uff9319.47% of SIC stocks will be further lost by 2100. The consumption of SIC may offset a large portion of global efforts aimed at ecosystem carbon sequestration, which emphasizes the importance of achieving a better understanding of the indirect coupling mechanisms of nitrogen and carbon cycling and of effective countermeasures to minimize SIC loss.Pseudomonas species have become reliable platforms for bioproduction due to their capability to tolerate harsh conditions imposed by large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale bioprocesses and their remarkable resistance to diverse physicochemical stresses. The last few years have brought forth a variety of synthetic biology tools for the genetic manipulation of pseudomonads, but most of them are either applicable only to obtain certain types of mutations, lack efficiency, or are not easily accessible to be used in different Pseudomonas species (e.g. natural isolates). In this work, we describe a versatile, robust and user\uffe2\uff80\uff90friendly procedure that facilitates virtually any kind of genomic manipulation in Pseudomonas species in 3\uffe2\uff80\uff935\uffc2\uffa0days. The protocol presented here is based on DNA recombination forced by double\uffe2\uff80\uff90stranded DNA cuts (through the activity of the I\uffe2\uff80\uff90SceI homing meganuclease from yeast) followed by highly efficient counterselection of mutants (aided by a synthetic CRISPR\uffe2\uff80\uff90Cas9 device). The individual parts of the genome engineering toolbox, tailored for knocking genes in and out, have been standardized to enable portability and easy exchange of functional gene modules as needed. The applicability of the procedure is illustrated both by eliminating selected genomic regions in the platform strain P.\uffc2\uffa0putida KT2440 (including difficult\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90delete genes) and by integrating different reporter genes (comprising novel variants of fluorescent proteins) into a defined landing site in the target chromosome.
", "keywords": ["Gene Editing", "Recombination", " Genetic", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "Pseudomonas putida", "Brief Reports", "Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats", "CRISPR-Cas Systems", "TP248.13-248.65", "Biotechnology", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1751-7915.13396"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13396"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Biotechnology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1751-7915.13396", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1751-7915.13396", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1751-7915.13396"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.15120", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:18:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-15", "title": "Changes in soil organic carbon under perennial crops", "description": "AbstractThis study evaluates the dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) under perennial crops across the globe. It quantifies the effect of change from annual to perennial crops and the subsequent temporal changes in SOC stocks during the perennial crop cycle. It also presents an empirical model to estimate changes in the SOC content under crops as a function of time, land use, and site characteristics. We used a harmonized global dataset containing paired\uffe2\uff80\uff90comparison empirical values of SOC and different types of perennial crops (perennial grasses, palms, and woody plants) with different end uses: bioenergy, food, other bio\uffe2\uff80\uff90products, and short rotation coppice. Salient outcomes include: a 20\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period encompassing a change from annual to perennial crops led to an average 20% increase in SOC at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (6.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa04.6\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha gain) and a total 10% increase over the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm soil profile (5.7\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa010.9\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). A change from natural pasture to perennial crop decreased SOC stocks by 1% over 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff922.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa04.2\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha) and 10% over 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff9213.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08.9\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). The effect of a land use change from forest to perennial crops did not show significant impacts, probably due to the limited number of plots; but the data indicated that while a 2% increase in SOC was observed at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm (16.81\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa055.1\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha), a decrease in 24% was observed at 30\uffe2\uff80\uff93100\uffc2\uffa0cm (\uffe2\uff88\uff9240.1\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa016.8\uffc2\uffa0Mg/ha). Perennial crops generally accumulate SOC through time, especially woody crops; and temperature was the main driver explaining differences in SOC dynamics, followed by crop age, soil bulk density, clay content, and depth. We present empirical evidence showing that the FAO perennialization strategy is reasonable, underscoring the role of perennial crops as a useful component of climate change mitigation strategies.Sphagnum cuspidatum,S. magellanicumandS. rubellumare three co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring peat mosses, which naturally have a different distribution along the microtopographical gradient of the surface of peatlands. We set out an experiment to assess the interactive effects of water table (low: \uffe2\uff88\uff9210\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm and high: \uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm) and precipitation (present or absent) on the CO2assimilation and evaporation of these species over a 23\uffe2\uff80\uff90day period. Additionally, we measured which sections of the moss layer were responsible for light absorption and bulk carbon uptake. Thereafter, we investigated how water content affected carbon uptake by the mosses. Our results show that at high water table, CO2assimilation of all species gradually increased over time, irrespective of the precipitation. At low water table, net CO2assimilation of all species declined over time, with the earliest onset and highest rate of decline forS. cuspidatum. Precipitation compensated for reduced water tables and positively affected the carbon uptake of all species. Almost all light absorption occurred in the first centimeter of theSphagnumvegetation and so did net CO2assimilation. CO2assimilation rate showed species\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific relationships with capitulum water content, with narrow but contrasting optima forS. cuspidatumandS. rubellum. Assimilation byS. magellanicumwas constant at a relatively low rate over a broad range of capitulum water contents. Our study indicates that prolonged drought may alter the competitive balance between species, favoring hummock species over hollow species. Moreover, this study shows that precipitation is at least equally important as water table drawdown and should be taken into account in predictions about the fate of peatlands with respect to climate change.
", "keywords": ["photosynthesis", "tolerance", "biomass", "growth", "exchange", "temperature", "peat bog", "15. Life on land", "fuscum", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "desiccation", "level", "13. Climate action", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01724.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01724.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01724.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01724.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:18:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-24", "title": "Turnover Of Labile And Recalcitrant Soil Carbon Differ In Response To Nitrate And Ammonium Deposition In An Ombrotrophic Peatland", "description": "AbstractThe effects of 4 years of simulated nitrogen deposition, as nitrate (NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92) and ammonium (NH4+), on microbial carbon turnover were studied in an ombrotrophic peatland. We investigated the mineralization of simple forms of carbon using MicroResp\uffe2\uff84\uffa2 measurements (a multiple substrate induced respiration technique) and the activities of four soil enzymes involved in the decomposition of more complex forms of carbon or in nutrient acquisition: N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosaminidase (NAG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), acid phosphatase (AP), and phenol oxidase (PO). The potential mineralization of labile forms of carbon was significantly enhanced at the higher N additions, especially with NH4+ amendments, while potential enzyme activities involved in breakdown of more complex forms of carbon or nutrient acquisition decreased slightly (NAG and CBH) or remained unchanged (AP and PO) with N amendments. This study also showed the importance of distinguishing between NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 and NH4+ amendments, as their impact often differed. It is possible that the limited response on potential extracellular enzyme activity is due to other factors, such as limited exposure to the added N in the deeper soil or continued suboptimal functioning of the enzymes due to the low pH, possibly via the inhibitory effect of low phenol oxidase activity.
", "keywords": ["nitrogen deposition", "Whim bog", "substrate-induced respiration", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "peatland", "Soil Biology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "carbon turnover", "15. Life on land", "Environmental Sciences", "enzyme activity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02082.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-24", "title": "High Nitrogen Deposition Alters The Decomposition Of Bog Plant Litter And Reduces Carbon Accumulation", "description": "AbstractBogs are globally important sinks of atmospheric carbon (C) due to the accumulation of partially decomposed litter that forms peat. Because bogs receive their nutrients from the atmosphere, the world\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide increase of nitrogen (N) deposition is expected to affect litter decomposition and, ultimately, the rate of C accumulation. However, the mechanism of such biogeochemical alteration remains unclear and quantification of the effect of N addition on litter accumulation has yet to be done. Here, we show that 7\uffc2\uffa0years of N addition to a bog decreased the C\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0N ratio, increased the bacterial biomass and stimulated the activity of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes in surface peat. Furthermore, N addition modified nutrient limitation of microbes during litter decomposition so that phosphorus became a primary limiting nutrient. Alteration of N release from decomposing litter affected bog water chemistry and the competitive balance between peat\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses and vascular plants. We estimate that deposition of about 4 g\uffc2\uffa0N\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 will cause a mean annual reduction of fresh litter C accumulation of about 40\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 primarily as a consequence of decreased litter production from peat\uffe2\uff80\uff90forming mosses. Our findings show that N deposition interacts with both above and below ground components of biodiversity to threaten the ability of bogs to act as N\uffe2\uff80\uff90sinks, which may offset the positive effects of N on C accumulation seen in other ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["570", "Decomposition; litter accumulation modelling; microbial diversity; peatland; primary production; soil enzymatic activity; Sphagnum; vascular plants", "decomposition", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "litter accumulation modelling", "soil enzymatic activity", "15. Life on land", "S phagnum", "13. Climate action", "microbial diversity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "peatland", "vascular plants", "primary production"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02585.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02794.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-23T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-07-28", "title": "Acidity Controls On Dissolved Organic Carbon Mobility In Organic Soils", "description": "AbstractDissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations in surface waters have increased across much of Europe and North America, with implications for the terrestrial carbon balance, aquatic ecosystem functioning, water treatment costs and human health. Over the past decade, many hypotheses have been put forward to explain this phenomenon, from changing climate and land management to eutrophication and acid deposition. Resolution of this debate has been hindered by a reliance on correlative analyses of time series data, and a lack of robust experimental testing of proposed mechanisms. In a 4 year, four\uffe2\uff80\uff90site replicated field experiment involving both acidifying and deacidifying treatments, we tested the hypothesis that DOC leaching was previously suppressed by high levels of soil acidity in peat and organo\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineral soils, and therefore that observed DOC increases a consequence of decreasing soil acidity. We observed a consistent, positive relationship between DOC and acidity change at all sites. Responses were described by similar hyperbolic relationships between standardized changes in DOC and hydrogen ion concentrations at all sites, suggesting potentially general applicability. These relationships explained a substantial proportion of observed changes in peak DOC concentrations in nearby monitoring streams, and application to a UK\uffe2\uff80\uff90wide upland soil pH dataset suggests that recovery from acidification alone could have led to soil solution DOC increases in the range 46\uffe2\uff80\uff93126% by habitat type since 1978. Our findings raise the possibility that changing soil acidity may have wider impacts on ecosystem carbon balances. Decreasing sulphur deposition may be accelerating terrestrial carbon loss, and returning surface waters to a natural, high\uffe2\uff80\uff90DOC condition.
", "keywords": ["550", "15. Life on land", "dissolved organic carbon", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "peat", "podzol", "sulphur", "14. 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