{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.17169/refubium-31202", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-21", "title": "Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties", "description": "Abstract<p>Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change.</p>", "keywords": ["2401.17 Invertebrados", "0301 basic medicine", "592", "Data Descriptor", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "earthworms", "Data Descriptor ; Biodiversity ; Biogeography ; Community ecology", "Plan_S-Compliant-OA", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Ecosystems", "Diversity data", "Biomass", "S Agriculture (General)", "Ekologia ja evoluutiobiologia", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "biodiversity", "2. Zero hunger", "maaper\u00e4", "abundance", "Data", "Diversity", "0303 health sciences", "Ecology", "Q", "eli\u00f6yhteis\u00f6t", "Biodiversity", "maaper\u00e4eli\u00f6st\u00f6", "ddc:", "Computer Science Applications", "Biogeography", "2401.06 Ecolog\u00eda animal", "international", "Statistics", " Probability and Uncertainty", "environment/Ecosystems", "Information Systems", "Statistics and Probability", "Ecolog\u00eda (Biolog\u00eda)", "570", "lierot", "Science", "Invertebrados", "577", "Global database", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Library and Information Sciences", "574", "333", "soil", "eli\u00f6maantiede", "Education", "diversity", "03 medical and health sciences", "[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Ecosystems", "BIODIVERSITY CHANGE", "Life Science", "Earthworms", "Datasets", "Animals", "Community ecology", "Oligochaeta", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "eartworm", "biogeography", "Ecosystem", "LAND-USE", "biomass", "500", "Biology and Life Sciences", "PLATFORM", "Global dataset", "Oligochaeta/classification", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "Ecolog\u00eda", "15. Life on land", "biodiversiteetti", "Environmental sciences", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "maaper\u00e4el\u00e4imist\u00f6", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "13. Climate action", "Earthworm", "[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "570 Life sciences; biology", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "eartworm ; abundance ; biomass ; diversity", "COMMUNITIES", "community ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41597-021-00912-z.pdf"}, {"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/25868/1/phillips_h_r_p_et_al_211019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/165726/1/48.__Global_data_on_earthworm_abundance__biomass__diversity_and_corresponding_environmental_properties.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.iris.unict.it/bitstream/20.500.11769/509583/1/SCIENTIFIC%20DATA%20%282021%29%20GLOBAL%20DATA%20ON%20EARTHWORMS.pdf"}, {"href": "https://rau.repository.guildhe.ac.uk/id/eprint/16454/1/Phillips_et_al-2021-Scientific_Data.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.17169/refubium-31202"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Data", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17169/refubium-31202", "name": "item", "description": "10.17169/refubium-31202", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17169/refubium-31202"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1893/33794", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:25:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-30", "title": "Global maps of soil temperature", "description": "Abstract<p>Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2\uffc2\uffa0m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90km2resolution for 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffc2\uffa0cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90km2pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90grained air temperature estimates from ERA5\uffe2\uff80\uff90Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\uffc2\uffb0C (mean\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa03.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.1\uffc2\uffb0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.3\uffc2\uffb0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (\uffe2\uff88\uff920.7\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.3\uffc2\uffb0C). The observed substantial and biome\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.</p", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Bioclimatic variables; Global maps; Microclimate; Near-surface temperatures; Soil temperature; Soil-dwelling organisms; Temperature offset; Weather stations; Climate change; Temperature; Ecosystem; Soil", "791", "550", ":Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP]", "VDP::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480", "551", "Q1", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "41 Environmental sciences", "Global map", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Soil temperature", "MICROCLIMATE", "bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences", "soil-dwelling organism", "bioclimatic variables; global maps; microclimate; near-surface temperatures; soil temperature; soil-dwelling organisms; temperature offset; weather stations", "weather station", "GB", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34836", "Geology", "16. Peace & justice", "Settore BIOS-01/C - Botanica ambientale e applicata", "6. Clean water", "Near-surface soil temperature", "international", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "551: Geologie und Hydrologie", "Near-surface temperature", "Near-surface temperatures", "soil temperature", "P40 - M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie et climatologie", "577", "bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences", "MITIGATION", "bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "12. Responsible consumption", "near-surface temperatures", "bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology|Climate", "bioclimatic variables", "Bioclimatic variables", "Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA", "temperature offset", "global maps", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1344", "577: \u00d6kologie", "global map", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Ekologi", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24894", "Science & Technology", "ddc:550", "9. Industry and infrastructure", "31 Biological sciences", "Biology and Life Sciences", "Microclimate", "06 Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "weather stations", "bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences|Environmental Monitoring", "900", "cartographie", "microclimate", "Klimatvetenskap", "[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Biodiversity & Conservation", "05 Environmental Sciences", "Weather stations", "Temperature offset", "Plan_S-Compliant-OA", "Soil", "bepress|Life Sciences", "Geolog\u00eda", "Research Articles", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/570", "changement climatique", "Ecology", "zone climatique", "4. Education", "Temperature", "Biological Sciences", "bioclimatologie", "FOREST", "Weather station", "Chemistry", "Biodiversity Conservation", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine", "bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics", "Technology and Engineering", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1669", "bioclimatic variable", "Climate Change", "soil-dwelling organisms", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "MOISTURE", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "PERMAFROST", "near-surface temperature", "temp\u00e9rature du sol", "bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology", "SUITABILITY", "G1", "VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480", "Global maps", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666", ":Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP]", "Soil-dwelling organisms", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "r\u00e9chauffement global", "Climate Change; Ecosystem; Microclimate; Soil; Temperature; bioclimatic variables; global maps; microclimate; near-surface temperatures; soil temperature; soil-dwelling organisms; temperature offset; weather stations", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_9260", "P30 - Sciences et am\u00e9nagement du sol", "Aquatic Ecology", "Bioclimatic variable", "SNOW-COVER", "Climate Science", "37 Earth sciences", "Climate Action", "bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Soil Science", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "Earth sciences", "variation saisonni\u00e8re", "PLANT-RESPONSES", "CLIMATIC CONTROLS", "Soil-dwelling organism", "Settore BIOS-05/A - Ecologia", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480", "VDP::Zoology and botany: 480", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "CBCE", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7197", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ray.yorksj.ac.uk/id/eprint/5803/1/20211222_SoilTemp_maps_preformatted.pdf"}, {"href": "http://dspace.stir.ac.uk/bitstream/1893/33794/1/Lembrechts-etal-GCB-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/183991/1/Global%20Change%20Biology%20-%202022%20-%20Lembrechts%20-%20Global%20maps%20of%20soil%20temperature.pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/445619/1/prod_462419-doc_189996.pdf"}, {"href": "https://openpub.fmach.it/bitstream/10449/74200/1/Global%20Change%20Biology%20-%202022%20-%20Lembrechts%20-%20Global%20maps%20of%20soil%20temperature.pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.unica.it/bitstream/11584/332967/1/2022_Global_maps_soil_temperature_GlobalChangeBiology.pdf"}, {"href": "https://ricerca.univaq.it/bitstream/11697/178559/2/Global%20Change%20Biology%20-%202022%20-%20Lembrechts%20-%20Global%20maps%20of%20soil%20temperature.pdf"}, {"href": "https://vb.gamtc.lt/object/elaba:126634244/126634244.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.16060"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt6hg3313z/qt6hg3313z.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1893/33794"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1893/33794", "name": "item", "description": "1893/33794", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1893/33794"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-21T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Plan_S-Compliant-OA&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Plan_S-Compliant-OA&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Plan_S-Compliant-OA&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Plan_S-Compliant-OA&offset=2", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 2, "numberReturned": 2, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-07-26T16:07:44.662503Z"}