{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1073/pnas.1116364109", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-10", "title": "High-Yield Maize With Large Net Energy Yield And Small Global Warming Intensity", "description": "

Addressing concerns about future food supply and climate change requires management practices that maximize productivity per unit of arable land while reducing negative environmental impact. On-farm data were evaluated to assess energy balance and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of irrigated maize in Nebraska that received large nitrogen (N) fertilizer (183 kg of N\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ) and irrigation water inputs (272 mm or 2,720 m 3 ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ). Although energy inputs (30 GJ\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ) were larger than those reported for US maize systems in previous studies, irrigated maize in central Nebraska achieved higher grain and net energy yields (13.2 Mg\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 159 GJ\uffe2\uff8b\uff85ha \uffe2\uff88\uff921 , respectively) and lower GHG-emission intensity (231 kg of CO 2 e\uffe2\uff8b\uff85Mg \uffe2\uff88\uff921 of grain). Greater input-use efficiencies, especially for N fertilizer, were responsible for better performance of these irrigated systems, compared with much lower-yielding, mostly rainfed maize systems in previous studies. Large variation in energy inputs and GHG emissions across irrigated fields in the present study resulted from differences in applied irrigation water amount and imbalances between applied N inputs and crop N demand, indicating potential to further improve environmental performance through better management of these inputs. Observed variation in N-use efficiency, at any level of applied N inputs, suggests that an N-balance approach may be more appropriate for estimating soil N 2 O emissions than the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change approach based on a fixed proportion of applied N. Negative correlation between GHG-emission intensity and net energy yield supports the proposition that achieving high yields, large positive energy balance, and low GHG emissions in intensive cropping systems are not conflicting goals.

", "keywords": ["land use change", "Greenhouse Effect", "2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural Irrigation", "330", "Databases", " Factual", "Plant Sciences", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "Nebraska", "food security", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "crop intensification", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Air Pollution", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agro-ecosystem", "Fertilizers", "environmental footprint"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Grassini, Patricio, Cassman, Kenneth,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1116364109"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.1116364109", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.1116364109", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.1116364109"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-005-0085-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-20", "title": "Microbial Cycling Of C And N In Northern Hardwood Forests Receiving Chronic Atmospheric No3- Deposition", "description": "Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.)-dominated northern hardwood forests in the upper Lakes States region appear to be particularly sensitive to chronic atmospheric NO 3 \u2212 deposition. Experimental NO 3 \u2212 deposition (3 g NO 3 \u2212 N m\u22122 y\u22121) has significantly reduced soil respiration and increased the export of DOC/DON and NO 3 \u2212 across the region. Here, we evaluate the possibility that diminished microbial activity in mineral soil was responsible for these ecosystem-level responses to NO 3 \u2212 deposition. To test this alternative, we measured microbial biomass, respiration, and N transformations in the mineral soil of four northern hardwood stands that have received 9 years of experimental NO 3 \u2212 deposition. Microbial biomass, microbial respiration, and daily rates of gross and net N transformations were not changed by NO 3 \u2212 deposition. We also observed no effect of NO 3 \u2212 deposition on annual rates of net N mineralization. However, NO 3 \u2212 deposition significantly increased (27%) annual net nitrification, a response that resulted from rapid microbial NO 3 \u2212 assimilation, the subsequent turnover of NH 4 + , and increased substrate availability for this process. Nonetheless, greater rates of net nitrification were insufficient to produce the 10-fold observed increase in NO 3 \u2212 export, suggesting that much of the exported NO 3 \u2212 resulted directly from the NO 3 \u2212 deposition treatment. Results suggest that declines in soil respiration and increases in DOC/DON export cannot be attributed to NO 3 \u2212 -induced physiological changes in mineral soil microbial activity. Given the lack of response we have observed in mineral soil, our results point to the potential importance of microbial communities in forest floor, including both saprotrophs and mycorrhizae, in mediating ecosystem-level responses to chronic NO 3 \u2212 deposition in Lake States northern hardwood forests.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Ecology", "Science", "Plant Sciences", "Soil C and N Cycling", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Life Sciences", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Nature Conservation", "Northern Hardwood Forests", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microbial Respiration", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental Management", "N Mineralization", "Geoecology/Natural Processes", "13. Climate action", "Atmospheric NO 3 \u2212 Deposition", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Zoology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0085-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-005-0085-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-005-0085-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-005-0085-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-009-1516-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-04", "title": "Combined Effects Of Precipitation And Nitrogen Deposition On Native And Invasive Winter Annual Production In California Deserts", "description": "Primary production in deserts is limited by soil moisture and N availability, and thus is likely to be influenced by both anthropogenic N deposition and precipitation regimes altered as a consequence of climate change. Invasive annual grasses are particularly responsive to increases in N and water availabilities, which may result in competition with native forb communities. Additionally, conditions favoring increased invasive grass production in arid and semi-arid regions can increase fire risk, negatively impacting woody vegetation that is not adapted to fire. We conducted a seeded garden experiment and a 5-year field fertilization experiment to investigate how winter annual production is altered by increasing N supply under a range of water availabilities. The greatest production of invasive grasses and native forbs in the garden experiment occurred under the highest soil N (inorganic N after fertilization = 2.99 g m(-2)) and highest watering regime, indicating these species are limited by both water and N. A classification and regression tree (CART) analysis on the multi-year field fertilization study showed that winter annual biomass was primarily limited by November-December precipitation. Biomass exceeded the threshold capable of carrying fire when inorganic soil N availability was at least 3.2 g m(-2) in pi\u00f1on-juniper woodland. Due to water limitation in creosote bush scrub, biomass exceeded the fire threshold only under very wet conditions regardless of soil N status. The CART analyses also revealed that percent cover of invasive grasses and native forbs is primarily dependent on the timing and amount of precipitation and secondarily dependent on soil N and site-specific characteristics. In total, our results indicate that areas of high N deposition will be susceptible to grass invasion, particularly in wet years, potentially reducing native species cover and increasing the risk of fire.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Time Factors", "Schismus", "Non-native", "Bromus", "Nitrogen", "Climate Change", "Rain", "Plant Development", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "California", "Fires", "Soil", "Climate change", "Biomass", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Geography", "Ecosystem ecology - Original paper", "Plant Sciences", "Life Sciences", "Water", "Agriculture", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Fuel load", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Fertilization", "Regression Analysis", "Seasons", "Desert Climate"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rao, Leela E., Allen, Edith B.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt8qv4f2kn/qt8qv4f2kn.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-009-1516-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-009-1516-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-009-1516-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-009-1516-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-011-1998-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-04", "title": "Effects Of Nutrient Addition On Leaf Chemistry, Morphology, And Photosynthetic Capacity Of Three Bog Shrubs", "description": "Plants in nutrient-poor environments typically have low foliar nitrogen (N) concentrations, long-lived tissues with leaf traits designed to use nutrients efficiently, and low rates of photosynthesis. We postulated that increasing N availability due to atmospheric deposition would increase photosynthetic capacity, foliar N, and specific leaf area (SLA) of bog shrubs. We measured photosynthesis, foliar chemistry and leaf morphology in three ericaceous shrubs (Vaccinium myrtilloides, Ledum groenlandicum and Chamaedaphne calyculata) in a long-term fertilization experiment at Mer Bleue bog, Ontario, Canada, with a background deposition of 0.8 g N m(-2) a(-1). While biomass and chlorophyll concentrations increased in the highest nutrient treatment for C. calyculata, we found no change in the rates of light-saturated photosynthesis (A(max)), carboxylation (V(cmax)), or SLA with nutrient (N with and without PK) addition, with the exception of a weak positive correlation between foliar N and A(max) for C. calyculata, and higher V(cmax) in L. groenlandicum with low nutrient addition. We found negative correlations between photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) and foliar N, accompanied by a species-specific increase in one or more amino acids, which may be a sign of excess N availability and/or a mechanism to reduce ammonium (NH(4)) toxicity. We also observed a decrease in foliar soluble Ca and Mg concentrations, essential minerals for plant growth, but no change in polyamines, indicators of physiological stress under conditions of high N accumulation. These results suggest that plants adapted to low-nutrient environments do not shift their resource allocation to photosynthetic processes, even after reaching N sufficiency, but instead store the excess N in organic compounds for future use. In the long term, bog species may not be able to take advantage of elevated nutrients, resulting in them being replaced by species that are better adapted to a higher nutrient environment.", "keywords": ["Ontario", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Rhododendron", "Nitrogen", "Plant Sciences", "Quebec", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Plant Leaves", "Wetlands", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ericaceae", "Scientific Contribution Number 2426", "Photosynthesis", "Vaccinium"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tim R. Moore, Rakesh Minocha, Subhash C. Minocha, Stephanie Long, Sari Juutinen, Sari Juutinen, Jill L. Bubier, Rose M. Smith, Rose M. Smith,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-011-1998-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-011-1998-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-011-1998-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-011-1998-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-07-18", "title": "Annual Carbon Dioxide Exchange In Irrigated And Rainfed Maize-Based Agroecosystems", "description": "Carbon dioxide exchange was quantified in maize\u2010soybean agroecosystems employing year-round tower eddy covariance flux systems and measurements of soil C stocks, CO2 fluxes from the soil surface, plant biomass, and litter decomposition. Measurements were made in three cropping systems: (a) irrigated continuous maize, (b) irrigated maize\u2010soybean rotation, and (c) rainfed maize\u2010soybean rotation during 2001\u20102004. Because of a variable cropping history, all three sites were uniformly tilled by disking prior to initiation of the study. Since then, all sites are under no-till, and crop and soil management follow best management practices prescribed for production-scale systems. Cumulative daily gain of C by the crops (from planting to physiological maturity), determined from the measured eddy covariance CO2 fluxes and estimated heterotrophic respiration, compared well with the measured total above and belowground biomass. Two contrasting features of maize and soybean CO2 exchange are notable. The value of integrated GPP (gross primary productivity) for both irrigated and rainfed maize over the growing season was substantially larger (ca. 2:1 ratio) than that for soybean. Also, soybean lost a larger portion (0.80\u20100.85) of GPP as ecosystem respiration (due, in part, to the large amount of maize residue from the previous year), as compared to maize (0.55\u20100.65). Therefore, the seasonally integrated NEP (net ecosystem production) in maize was larger by a 4:1 ratio (approximately), as compared to soybean. Enhanced soil moisture conditions in the irrigated maize and soybean fields caused an increase in ecosystem respiration, thus eliminating any advantage of increased GPP and giving about the same values for the growing season NEP as the rainfed fields. On an annual basis, the NEP of irrigated continuous maize was 517, 424, and 381 g C m \ufffd 2 year \ufffd 1 , respectively, during the 3 years of our study. In rainfed maize the annual NEP was 510 and 397 g C m \ufffd 2 year \ufffd 1 in years 1 and 3, respectively. The annual NEP in the irrigated and rainfed soybean fields were in the", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "carbon budget", "no-till farming", "Plant Sciences", "eddy covariance", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.05.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-015-2427-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-11", "title": "Enhanced Biological N-2 Fixation And Yield Of Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.) In An Acid Soil Following Biochar Addition: Dissection Of Causal Mechanisms", "description": "Acid soils constrain legume growth and biochars have been shown to address these constraints and enhance biological N2 fixation in glasshouse studies. A dissection of causal mechanisms from multiple crop field studies is lacking. In a sub-tropical field study, faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was cultivated in rotation with corn (Zea mays) following amendment of two contrasting biochars, compost and lime in a rhodic ferralsol. Key soil parameters and plant nutrient uptake were investigated alongside stable 15\u2009N isotope methodologies to elucidate the causal mechanisms for enhanced biological N2 fixation and crop productivity. Biological N2 fixation was associated with plant Mo uptake, which was driven by reductions in soil acidity following lime and papermill (PM) biochar amendment. In contrast, crop yield was associated with plant P and B uptake, and amelioration of soil pH constraints. These were most effectively ameliorated by PM biochar as it addressed both pH constraints and low soil nutrient status. While liming resulted in the highest biological N2 fixation, biochars provided greater benefits to faba bean yield by addressing P nutrition and ameliorating Al toxicity.", "keywords": ["Molybdenum", "2. Zero hunger", "compost", "abundance", "Plant Sciences", "Soil Science", "Plant Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Rhodic ferralsol", "natural 15N isotope", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "field assessment", "lime", "phosphorus", "Boron"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-015-2427-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-015-2427-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-015-2427-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-015-2427-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-09-25", "title": "Soil Carbon Storage By Switchgrass Grown For Bioenergy", "description": "Life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) grown for bioenergy production require data on soil organic carbon (SOC) change and harvested C yields to accurately estimate net greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. To date, nearly all information on SOC change under switchgrass has been based on modeled assumptions or small plot research, both of which do not take into account spatial variability within or across sites for an agro-ecoregion. To address this need, we measured change in SOC and harvested C yield for switchgrass fields on ten farms in the central and northern Great Plains, USA (930 km latitudinal range). Change in SOC was determined by collecting multiple soil samples in transects across the fields prior to planting switchgrass and again 5 years later after switchgrass had been grown and managed as a bioenergy crop. Harvested aboveground C averaged 2.5\u00b1 0.7 Mg C ha \u22121 over the 5 year study. Across sites, SOC increased significantly at 0-30 cm (P=0.03) and 0-120 cm (P=0.07), with accrual rates of 1.1 and 2.9 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 (4.0 and 10.6 Mg CO2 ha \u22121 year \u22121 ), respectively. Change in SOC across sites varied considerably, however, ranging from \u22120.6 to 4.3 Mg C ha \u22121 year \u22121 for the 0-30 cm depth. Such variation in SOC change must be taken into consideration in LCAs. Net GHG emissions from bioenergy crops vary in space and time. Such variation, coupled with an increased reliance on agriculture for energy production, underscores the need for long-term environmental monitor- ing sites in major agro-ecoregions.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "Switchgrass", "Greenhouse gas balance", "Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment", "Plant Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Perennial biofeedstocks", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "630", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bioenergy", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "Energy (miscellaneous)", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liebig, Mark A., Schmer, Marty R., Vogel, Kenneth P., Mitchell, Robert B.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-008-9019-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-03", "title": "Can Cover Crop Use Allow Increased Levels Of Corn Residue Removal For Biofuel In Irrigated And Rainfed Systems?", "description": "Corn (Zea mays L.) residue removal at high rates can result in negative impacts to soil ecosystem services. The use of cover crops could be a potential strategy to ameliorate any adverse effects of residue removal while allowing greater removal levels. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine changes in water erosion potential, soil organic C (SOC) and total N concentration, and crop yields under early- and late-terminated cover crop (CC) combined with five levels of corn residue removal after 3\u00a0years on rainfed and irrigated no-till continuous corn in Nebraska. Treatments were no CC, early- and late-terminated winter rye (Secale cereale L.) CC, and 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% corn residue removal rates. Complete residue removal reduced mean weight diameter (MWD) of water-stable aggregates (5\u00a0cm depth) by 29% compared to no removal at the rainfed site only, suggesting increased water erosion risk at rainfed sites. Late-terminated CC significantly increased MWD of water-stable aggregates by 27 to 37% at both sites compared to no CC, but early-terminated CC had no effect. The increased MWD with late-terminated CC suggests that CC when terminated late can offset residue removal-induced risks of water erosion. Residue removal and CC did not affect SOC and total soil N concentration. Particulate organic matter increased with late-terminated CC at the irrigated site compared to no CC. Complete residue removal increased irrigated grain yield by 9% in 1\u00a0year relative to no removal. Late-terminated CC had no effect on corn yield except in 1\u00a0year when yield was 8% lower relative to no CC due to low precipitation at corn establishment. Overall, late-terminated CC ameliorates residue removal-induced increases in water erosion potential and could allow greater levels of removal without reducing corn yields in most years, in the short term, under the conditions of this study.", "keywords": ["330", "Plant Biology", "Winter rye", "Horticulture", "Aggregate stability", "Mean weight diameter", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "Agricultural Science", "Residue removal", "2. Zero hunger", "Late termination", "Plant Sciences", "Botany", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Early termination", "Corn yield", "Cover crop", "Other Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil organic C"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/BioEnergy%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s12155-017-9858-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13165-010-0002-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:15:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-12-15", "title": "Cultivar Mixtures Of Processing Tomato In An Organic Agroecosystem", "description": "At an organic farm in California, managed biodiversity was manipulated by establishing a mustard cover crop (MCC) and fallow during winter, and after incorporation, tomato mixtures of one, three, and five cultivars were planted in the spring (1-cv, 3-cv, and 5-cv, respectively). It was hypothesized that cultivar mixtures may increase yields over a monoculture if disease pressure or nitrogen (N) availability is affected by the previous cover crop. The monoculture (1-cv) of the grower\u2019s preferred cultivar was compared with mixtures of it and other high-yielding cultivars in the region. Soil nitrogen, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), soil emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O), crop nutrient uptake, biomass, fruit quality, intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and disease symptoms were measured. The MCC reduced soil N leaching potential during winter and immobilized soil N early in the tomato season as suggested by higher soil MBC and CO2 emissions. Tomatoes had higher PAR, aboveground biomass, fruit yields, and harvest index in the winter fallow than in the winter MCC, likely due to higher N availability in the fallow plots after transplanting. All cultivar mixtures had fairly similar yield and shoot biomass within fallow and MCC, probably explained by the low genetic diversity among California modern tomato cultivars. However, at mid-season (75\u00a0days after planting (DAP)), the 3-cv mixture had higher shoot and fruit biomass, by 46% and 63%, than the monoculture in the MCC, indicating some plasticity under lower N availability. In the fallow treatment, soil CO2 emissions were lower in the 3-cv mixture than the monoculture at 77 and 100 DAP. Tomatoes in the 3-cv mixture were redder than the monoculture. The 3-cv mixture thus had some minor advantages compared with the monoculture, but overall, there was little evidence of higher ecosystem functions from mixtures vs. monoculture. Further research on mixtures of processing tomatoes may only be warranted for conditions of higher environmental stress than occur in California organic farms or if specific genotypic traits become available such as for disease resistance or improved nutrient uptake.", "keywords": ["Life Sciences", " general", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Fruit quality", "Nitrogen", "Plant Sciences", "Environment", " general", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Environment", "Sustainable Development", "15. Life on land", "Solanum lycopersicum L.", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "general", "Brassica cover crop", "Solanum lycopersicum L", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Barrios-Masias, Felipe H., Cantwell, Marita I., Jackson, Louise E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt7rc852g0/qt7rc852g0.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13165-010-0002-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Organic%20Agriculture", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13165-010-0002-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13165-010-0002-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13165-010-0002-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.04.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:16:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-18", "title": "Will Changes In Climate And Land Use Affect Soil Organic Matter Composition? Evidence From An Ecotonal Climosequence", "description": "Abstract As the largest actively cycling pool of terrestrial C, the response of soil organic matter (SOM) to climate change may greatly affect global C cycling and climate change feedbacks. Despite the influence of SOM chemistry\u2014here defined as soil organic C (SOC) and soil organic N (SON) functional groups and compounds\u2014on decomposition, uncertainty exists regarding the response of SOM chemistry to climate change and associated land use shifts. Here, we adopt a climosequence approach, using latitude along a uniform glacial till deposit at the grassland\u2013forest ecotone in central Canada as a surrogate for the effects of climate change on SOM chemistry. Additionally, we evaluate differences in SOM chemistry from paired native grassland, native trembling aspen ( Populus tremuloides ) forest, and arable soil profiles to investigate the effects of likely climate-induced land use alterations. The combination of C and N K -edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) with pyrolysis-field ionization mass spectrometry (Py-FIMS) techniques was used to examine SOM chemistry at atomic and molecular scales, respectively. These techniques revealed only modest differences in surface SOM chemistry related to land use and latitude. Greater variation was apparent in the vertical stratification of SOM constituents from soil depth profiles. These findings indicate that pedon-scale processes have greater control over SOM chemistry than do processes operating on landscape (e.g. land use) and regional (e.g. climate) scales. Additionally they imply that SOM chemistry is largely unresponsive to climatic change on the magnitude of the mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient under study (~\u00a00.7\u00a0\u00b0C), despite its location at the grassland\u2013forest boundary highlighting its sensitivity, and is similarly unresponsive to associated land use shifts.", "keywords": ["Vegetation", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Plant Sciences", "Agriculture", "Genetics and Genomics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil quality", "13. Climate action", "Land use", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic nitrogen", "Forest Sciences", "Organic carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Purton, Kendra, Pennock, Dan, Leinweber, Peter, Walley, Fran,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.04.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.04.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.04.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2015.04.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2011.03.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-24", "title": "No-Tillage Increases Soil Profile Carbon And Nitrogen Under Long-Term Rainfed Cropping Systems", "description": "Abstract Emphasis and interest in carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) storage (sequestration) in soils has greatly increased in the last few years, especially C with its\u2019 potential to help alleviate or offset some of the negative effects of the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Several questions still exist with regard to what management practices optimize C storage in the soil profile. A long-term rainfed study conducted in eastern Nebraska provided the opportunity to determine both the effects of different tillage treatments and cropping systems on soil N and soil organic C (SOC) levels throughout the soil profile. The study included six primary tillage systems (chisel, disk, plow, no-till, ridge-till, and subtill) with three cropping systems [continuous corn (CC), continuous soybean (CSB), and soybean-corn (SB-C)]. Soil samples were collected to a depth of 150-cm in depth increments of 0\u201315-, 15\u201330-, 15\u201330-, 30\u201360-, 60\u201390-, 90\u2013120-, and 120\u2013150-cm increments and composited by depth in the fall of 1999 after harvest and analyzed for total N and SOC. Significant differences in total N and SOC levels were obtained between tillage treatments and cropping systems in both surface depths of 0\u201315-, 15\u201330-cm, but also in the 30\u201360-cm depth. Total N and SOC accumulations throughout the profile (both calculated by depth and for equivalent masses of soil) were significantly affected by both tillage treatment and cropping system, with those in no-till the greatest among tillage treatments and those in CC the greatest among cropping systems. Soil N and SOC levels were increased at deeper depths in the profile, especially in those tillage systems with the least amount of soil disturbance. Most significant was the fact that soil N and SOC was sequestered deeper in the profile, which would strongly suggest that N and C at these depths would be less likely to be lost if the soil was tilled.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil nitrogen", "Soil organic carbon", "Cropping systems", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "Tillage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Varvel, Gary E., Wilhelm, Wallace,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2011.03.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2011.03.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2011.03.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2011.03.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s1742170511000317", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-22", "title": "Soil Fertility And Crop Yields In Long-Term Organic And Conventional Cropping Systems In Eastern Nebraska", "description": "Abstract

Organic agriculture aims to build soil quality and provide long-term benefits to people and the environment; however, organic practices may reduce crop yields. This long-term study near Mead, NE was conducted to determine differences in soil fertility and crop yields among conventional and organic cropping systems between 1996 and 2007. The conventional system (CR) consisted of corn (Zea maysL.) or sorghum (Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench)\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean (Glycine max(L.) Merr.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93sorghum or corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean, whereas the diversified conventional system (DIR) consisted of corn or sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93sorghum or corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93winter wheat (wheat,Triticum aestivumL.). The animal manure-based organic system (OAM) consisted of soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93corn or sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat, while the forage-based organic system (OFG) consisted of alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93alfalfa\uffe2\uff80\uff93corn or sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93wheat. Averaged across sampling years, soil organic matter content (OMC), P, pH, Ca, K, Mg and Zn in the top 15 cm of soil were greatest in the OAM system. However, by 2008 OMC was not different between the two organic systems despite almost two times greater carbon inputs in the OAM system. Corn, sorghum and soybean average annual yields were greatest in either of the two conventional systems (7.65, 6.36 and 2.60 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively), whereas wheat yields were greatest in the OAM system (3.07 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Relative to the mean of the conventional systems, corn yields were reduced by 13 and 33% in the OAM and OFG systems, respectively. Similarly, sorghum yields in the OAM and OFG systems were reduced by 16 and 27%, respectively. Soybean yields were 20% greater in the conventional systems compared with the OAM system. However, wheat yields were 10% greater in the OAM system compared with the conventional DIR system and 23% greater than yield in the OFG system. Alfalfa in the OFG system yielded an average of 7.41 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921annually. Competitive yields of organic wheat and alfalfa along with the soil fertility benefits associated with animal manure and perennial forage suggest that aspects of the two organic systems be combined to maximize the productivity and sustainability of organic cropping systems.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic matter content", "Organic farming", "Animal manure", "Soil phosphorus", "Plant Sciences", "Botany", "Plant Biology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Horticulture", "15. Life on land", "Perennial forage", "Nutrient budgets", "630", "6. Clean water", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "Long-term crop rotations", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agricultural Science"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wortman, Samuel E., Galusha, Tomie D., Mason, Stephen C., Francis, Charles A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742170511000317"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20Agriculture%20and%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1742170511000317", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1742170511000317", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1742170511000317"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1004868502539", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "Leaf Litter Decomposition Of Piper Aduncum, Gliricidia Sepium And Imperata Cylindrica In The Humid Lowlands Of Papua New Guinea", "description": "No information is available on the decomposition and nutrient release pattern of Piper aduncum and Imperata cylindrica despite their importance in shifting cultivation systems of Papua New Guinea and other tropical regions. We conducted a litter bag study (24 weeks) on a Typic Eutropepts in the humid lowlands to assess the rate of decomposition of Piper aduncum, Imperata cylindrica and Gliricidia sepium leaves under sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Decomposition rates of piper leaf litter were fastest followed closely by gliricidia, and both lost 50% of the leaf biomass within 10 weeks. Imperata leaf litter decomposed much slower and half-life values exceeded the period of observation. The decomposition patterns were best explained by the lignin plus polyphenol over N ratio which was lowest for piper (4.3) and highest for imperata (24.7). Gliricidia leaf litter released 79 kg N ha(-1), whereas 18 kg N ha(-1) was immobilised in the imperata litter. The mineralization of P was similar for the three species, but piper litter released large amounts of K. The decomposition and nutrient release patterns had significant effects on the soil. The soil contained significantly more water in the previous imperata plots at 13 weeks due to the relative slow decomposition of the leaves. Soil N levels were significantly reduced in the previous imperata plots due to immobilisation of N. Levels of exchangeable K were significantly increased in the previous piper plots due to the large addition of K. It can be concluded that piper leaf litter is a significant and easily decomposable source of K which is an important nutrient for sweet potato. Gliricidia leaf litter contained much N, whereas imperata leaf litter releases relatively little nutrients and keeps the soil more moist. Gliricidia fallow is more attractive than an imperata fallow for it improves the soil fertility and produces fuelwood as additional saleable products.", "keywords": ["Polyphenol", "Tropical Legumes", "Leaves", "tropical legumes", "Soil Science", "Nitrogen Mineralization", "Lignin", "n-release", "soil", "Soil", "residues", "C1", "Soil Changes", "nitrogen mineralization", "Chemical-composition", "580", "nutrient release", "Plant Sciences", "Sweet-potato", "Agriculture", "Residues", "Quality", "Agronomy", "Improved Fallow", "quality", "Natural Fallow", "sweet-potato", "Nutrient Release", "300104 Land Capability and Soil Degradation", "chemical-composition", "leaves", "N-release", "770800 Farmland (incl. Arable Land and Permanent Crop Land)"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004868502539"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1004868502539", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1004868502539", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1004868502539"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1009783625188", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-22", "description": "Short-term studies of tree growth at elevated CO2 suggest that forest productivity may increase as atmospheric CO2 concentrations rise, although low soil N availability may limit the magnitude of this response. There have been few studies of growth and N2 fixation by symbiotic N 2-fixing woody species under elevated CO 2 and the N inputs these plants could provide to forest ecosystems in the future. We investigated the effect of twice ambient CO 2 on growth, tissue N accretion, and N2 fixation of nodulatedAlnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. grown under low soil N conditions for 160 d. Root, nodule, stem, and leaf dry weight (DW) and N accretion increased significantly in response to elevated CO2. Whole-plant biomass and N accretion increased 54% and 40%, respectively. Delta- 15 Na nalysis of leaf tissue indicated that plants from both treatments derived similar proportions of their total N from symbiotic fixation suggesting that elevated CO 2 grown plants fixed approximately 40% more N than did ambient CO 2 grown plants. Leaves from both CO2 treatments showed similar relative declines in leaf N content prior to autumnal leaf abscission, but total N in leaf litter increased 24% in elevated compared to ambient CO2 grown plants. These results suggest that with rising atmospheric CO2 N2-fixing woody species will accumulate greater amounts of biomass N through N2 fixation and may enhance soil N levels by increased litter N inputs.", "keywords": ["Delta 15 N Analysis", "0106 biological sciences", "Nitrogen Fixation", "Science", "Plant Sciences", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Life Sciences", "Carbon Dioxide Enrichment", "Root Nodules", "Black Alder", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Christoph S. Vogel, Christoph S. Vogel, Richard B. Thomas, Peter S. Curtis, Peter S. Curtis,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009783625188"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1009783625188", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1009783625188", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1009783625188"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1997-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41559-017-0325-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-29", "title": "Diversity-dependent temporal divergence of ecosystem functioning in experimental ecosystems", "description": "The effects of biodiversity on ecosystem functioning generally increase over time, but the underlying processes remain unclear. Using 26 long-term grassland and forest experimental ecosystems, we demonstrate that biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships strengthen mainly by greater increases in functioning in high-diversity communities in grasslands and forests. In grasslands, biodiversity effects also strengthen due to decreases in functioning in low-diversity communities. Contrasting trends across grasslands are associated with differences in soil characteristics.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "grassland ecology", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Plant Sciences", "577", "soil biodiversity", "Biodiversity", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Grassland", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Life Science", "ddc:570", "forest ecology", "Forest Sciences", "Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Biologie", "Ecosystem", "biodiversity", "ecosystem health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0325-1.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-017-0325-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41559-017-0325-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41559-017-0325-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41559-017-0325-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-10-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00327.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-12", "title": "Response Of Sugar Beet (Beta Vulgaris L.) Yield And Biochemical Composition To Elevated Co2 And Temperature At Two Nitrogen Applications", "description": "

Effects on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) of current and elevated CO2 and temperature alone and in combination and their interactions with abundant and deficient nitrogen supply (HN and LN, respectively) have been studied in three experiments in 1993, 1994 and 1995. Averaged over all experiments, elevated CO2 (600 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in 1993 and 700 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff80\uff931 in 1994 and 1995) increased total dry mass at final harvest by 21% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 21, 22) and 11% (CI = 6, 15) and root dry mass by 26% (CI = 19, 32) and 12% (CI = 6, 18) for HN and LN plants, respectively. Warmer temperature decreased total dry mass by 11% (CI = \uffe2\uff80\uff93 15, \uffe2\uff80\uff93 7) and 9% (CI = \uffe2\uff80\uff93 15, \uffe2\uff80\uff93 5) and root dry mass by 7% (CI = \uffe2\uff80\uff93 12, \uffe2\uff80\uff93 2) and 7% (CI = \uffe2\uff80\uff93 10, 0) for HN and LN plants, respectively. There was no significant interaction between temperature and CO2 on total or root dry mass. Neither elevated CO2 nor temperature significantly affected sucrose concentration per unit root dry mass. Concentrations of glycinebetaine and of amino acids, measured as \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90amino\uffe2\uff80\uff90N, decreased in elevated CO2 in both N applications; glycinebetaine by 13% (CI = \uffe2\uff80\uff93 21, \uffe2\uff80\uff93 5) and 16% (CI = \uffe2\uff80\uff93 24, \uffe2\uff80\uff93 8) and \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90amino\uffe2\uff80\uff90N by 24% (CI = \uffe2\uff80\uff93 36, \uffe2\uff80\uff93 11) and 16% (CI = \uffe2\uff80\uff93 26, \uffe2\uff80\uff93 5) for HN and LN, respectively. Warmer temperature increased \uffce\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff90amino\uffe2\uff80\uff90N, by 76% (CI = 50, 107) for HN and 21% (CI = 7, 36) for LN plants, but not glycinebetaine.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00327.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00327.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00327.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00327.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-24", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Content And Composition Of 130-Year Crop, Pasture And Forest Land-Use Managements", "description": "Abstract

Conversion of former agricultural land to grassland and forest ecosystems is a suggested option for mitigation of increased atmospheric CO2. A Sharpsburg prairie loess soil (fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Argiudoll) provided treatments to study the impact of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term land use on soil organic carbon (SOC) content and composition for a 130\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old cropped, pasture and forest comparison. The forest and pasture land use significantly retained more SOC, 46% and 25%, respectively, compared with cropped land use, and forest land use increased soil C content by 29% compared with the pasture. Organic C retained in the soils was a function of the soil N content (r=0.98,P<0.001) and the soil carbohydrate (CH) concentration (r=0.96,P<0.001). Statistical analyses found that soil aggregation processes increased as organic C content increased in the forest and pasture soils, but not in the cropped soil. SOC was composed of similar percentages of CHs (49%, 42% and 51%), amino acids (22%, 15% and 18%), lipids (2.3%, 2.3% and 2.9%) and unidentified C (21%, 29% and 27%), but differed for phenolic acids (PAs) (5.7%, 11.6% and 1.0%) for the pasture, forest and cropped soils, respectively. The results suggested that the majority of the surface soil C sequestered in the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term pasture and forest soils was identified as C of plant origin through the use of CH and PA biomarkers, although the increase in amino sugar concentration of microbial origin indicates a greater increase in microbial inputs in the three subsoils. The practice of permanent pastures and afforestation of agricultural land showed long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term potential for potential mitigation of atmospheric CO2.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "amino acids", "550", "Plant Sciences", "carbohydrates", "lignin", "organic C", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "land-use change", "lipids", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "phenolic acids"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Martens, Dean A., Reedy, Thomas E., Lewis, David T., (retired),", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1046/j.1529-8817.2003.00722.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-12-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcbb.12128", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-31", "title": "Soil And Crop Response To Stover Removal From Rainfed And Irrigated Corn", "description": "Abstract

Excessive corn (Zea mays L.) stover removal for biofuel and other uses may adversely impact soil and crop production. We assessed the effects of stover removal at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% from continuous corn on water erosion, corn yield, and related soil properties during a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff90year study under irrigated and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage management practice on a Ulysses silt loam at Colby, irrigated and strip till management practice on a Hugoton loam at Hugoton, and rainfed and no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage management practice on a Woodson silt loam at Ottawa in Kansas, USA. The slope of each soil was <1%. One year after removal, complete (100%) stover removal resulted in increased losses of sediment by 0.36\uffe2\uff80\uff930.47\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 at the irrigated sites, but, at the rainfed site, removal at rates as low as 50% resulted in increased sediment loss by 0.30\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and sediment\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated carbon (C) by 0.29\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Complete stover removal reduced wet aggregate stability of the soil at the irrigated sites in the first year after removal, but, at the rainfed site, wet aggregate stability was reduced in all years. Stover removal at rates \uffe2\uff89\uffa5 50% resulted in reduced soil water content, increased soil temperature in summer by 3.5\uffe2\uff80\uff936.8\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C, and reduced temperature in winter by about 0.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C. Soil C pool tended to decrease and crop yields tended to increase with an increase in stover removal, but 3\uffc2\uffa0years after removal, differences were not significant. Overall, stover removal at rates \uffe2\uff89\uffa550% may enhance grain yield but may increase risks of water erosion and negatively affect soil water and temperature regimes in this region.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Plant Sciences", "Botany", "Life Sciences", "Plant Biology", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Horticulture", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "irrigation", "333", "630", "6. Clean water", "soil aggregation", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "13. Climate action", "Other Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "stover removal", "water erosion", "soil carbon", "Agricultural Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12128"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12128", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12128", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12128"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.12333", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-30", "title": "Cumulative Response Of Ecosystem Carbon And Nitrogen Stocks To Chronic Co2exposure In A Subtropical Oak Woodland", "description": "Summary

Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) could alter the carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content of ecosystems, yet the magnitude of these effects are not well known. We examined C and N budgets of a subtropical woodland after 11\uffc2\uffa0yr of exposure to elevated CO2.

We used open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers to manipulate CO2 during regrowth after fire, and measured C, N and tracer 15N in ecosystem components throughout the experiment.

Elevated CO2 increased plant C and tended to increase plant N but did not significantly increase whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90system C or N. Elevated CO2 increased soil microbial activity and labile soil C, but more slowly cycling soil C pools tended to decline. Recovery of a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term 15N tracer indicated that CO2 exposure increased N losses and altered N distribution, with no effect on N inputs.

Increased plant C accrual was accompanied by higher soil microbial activity and increased C losses from soil, yielding no statistically detectable effect of elevated CO2 on net ecosystem C uptake. These findings challenge the treatment of terrestrial ecosystems responses to elevated CO2 in current biogeochemical models, where the effect of elevated CO2 on ecosystem C balance is described as enhanced photosynthesis and plant growth with decomposition as a first\uffe2\uff80\uff90order response.

", "keywords": ["Soil organic matter", "Long term experiment", "Elevated atmospheric CO2", "Florida scrub oak", "Scrub oak", "Research", "Plant Sciences", "Aboveground biomass", "Plant Biology", "Microbial communities", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Cycling", "15. Life on land", "Forest productivity", "Soil carbon", "Rhizosphere processes", "Terrestrial ecosystems", "Dioxide enrichment", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Elevated CO2", "Climate feedbacks", "Global change", "Subtropical woodland", "Nitrogen cycling"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/context/biology_fac_pubs/article/1264/viewcontent/Day2013CumulativeResponseofEcosystemCarbonandNitrogenOCR.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12333"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.12333", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.12333", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.12333"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/nph.12409", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-22", "title": "Fire, Hurricane And Carbon Dioxide: Effects On Net Primary Production Of A Subtropical Woodland", "description": "Summary

Disturbance affects most terrestrial ecosystems and has the potential to shape their responses to chronic environmental change.

Scrub\uffe2\uff80\uff90oak vegetation regenerating from fire disturbance in subtropical Florida was exposed to experimentally elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration (+350\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcl\uffc2\uffa0l\uffe2\uff88\uff921) using open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers for 11\uffc2\uffa0yr, punctuated by hurricane disturbance in year 8. Here, we report the effects of elevated CO2 on aboveground and belowground net primary productivity (NPP) and nitrogen (N) cycling during this experiment.

The stimulation of NPP and N uptake by elevated CO2 peaked within 2\uffc2\uffa0yr after disturbance by fire and hurricane, when soil nutrient availability was high. The stimulation subsequently declined and disappeared, coincident with low soil nutrient availability and with a CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced reduction in the N concentration of oak stems.

These findings show that strong growth responses to elevated CO2 can be transient, are consistent with a progressively limited response to elevated CO2 interrupted by disturbance, and illustrate the importance of biogeochemical responses to extreme events in modulating ecosystem responses to global environmental change.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "NITROGEN-USE EFFICIENCY", "Scrub oak ecosystem", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Quercus", "Soil", "nitrogen cycling", "oak woodland", "ECOSYSTEMS", "Global environmental change", "Biomass", "ROOT BIOMASS", "disturbance", "Florida scrub", "elevated CO2", "Elevated atmospheric CO2", "Plant Stems", "Cyclonic Storms", "Aboveground biomass", "FOREST PRODUCTIVITY", "Hurricane", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Nitrogen Cycle", "Fire", "Soil carbon", "LONG-TERM EXPOSURE", "Net primary productivity", "Long term exposure", "Florida", "Elevated CO2", "fire", "FLORIDA SCRUB", "ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS", "Nitrogen cycling", "TERRESTRIAL", "Oak woodland", "ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "Elevated CO 2", "Nitrogen", "hurricane", "Forest productivity", "Fires", "Terrestrial ecosystems", "SCRUB-OAK ECOSYSTEM", "Net primary productivity (NPP)", "Ecosystem", "Nitrogen use efficiency", "Atmosphere", "net primary productivity (NPP)", "Root biomass", "Plant Sciences", "global environmental change", "Disturbance", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SOIL CARBON"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/context/biology_fac_pubs/article/1266/viewcontent/Day2013FireHurricaneandCarbonDioxideOCR.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.12409"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/New%20Phytologist", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/nph.12409", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/nph.12409", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/nph.12409"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-07-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x75-087", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-01", "title": "Wildfire Effects On Nutrient Distribution And Leaching In A Coniferous Ecosystem", "description": "

Distribution of nutrients after the Entiat fire in north central Washington was examined. This intense fire produced an average ash weight on the soil surface of 2900\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha. The ash layer contained 23\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha N, 314\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Ca, 54\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Mg, 70\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha K, and 22\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Na. Nutrient losses during the fire as a result of combined volatilization and ash convection were 855\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha N, 75\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Ca, 33\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Mg, 282\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha K, and 698\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Na. Nitrogen loss apparently was proportional to fuel dry weight loss.Leaching of the ash layer in the 1st year after burning transferred a trace of N, 149\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Ca, 50\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Mg, 92\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha K, and 33\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Na from the ash layer to the soil. Of the amounts leached from the ash, 134\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Ca, 48\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Mg, and 84\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha K were retained in the 0-to 19-cm layer of soil. In the same interval a net loss of 29\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg/ha Na was observed from the 0-to 19-cm layer of soil.Cation leaching from ash layers was primarily related to water percolation through the ash. Equations are given that describe leaching of Ca, Mg, K, and Na from an average ash layer of the Entiat fire.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "Genetics and Genomics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Forest Sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Grier, Charles C.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x75-087"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x75-087", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x75-087", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x75-087"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1975-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x82-111", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:18:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-01", "title": "Effects Of Thinning On Biomass Growth In Young Populus-Tremuloides Plots", "description": "

Stem, branch, and leaf biomass and leaf-area index (LAI) were estimated for 4 years of growth in plots of thinned and unthinned 7-year-old Populustremuloides Michx. In 1978, transmitted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) was monitored to estimate percent PAR transmitted. Four years after thinning total aboveground biomass and LAI in the thinned plots exceeded prethinning levels, but were still much less than in the unthinned plots. Leaf biomass and LAI in the unthinned plots increased to 3900\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and 5.7, respectively, but were still increasing in the thinned plots. Annual net stem and branch production during the study was relatively constant at about 5300\uffe2\uff80\uff82kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 year\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the unthinned plots, while net production in the thinned plots was still increasing. Transmitted PAR attenuated rapidly to LAI 3.5, approaching asymptote near LAI 5. Results suggest that, in the short term, thinning of young stands will decrease total aboveground biomass, but net annual biomass accumulation may not be greatly different between thinned and unthinned stands. LAI 3.5 may be an acceptable value for 11-year-old stands but should be permitted to increase to near LAI 5 in older stands.

", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "Genetics and Genomics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Forest Sciences", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Hocker, H. W., Jr.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x82-111"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x82-111", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x82-111", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x82-111"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1982-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2111/rem-d-13-00003.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-07", "title": "Response Of Conifer-Encroached Shrublands In The Great Basin To Prescribed Fire And Mechanical Treatments", "description": "AbstractIn response to the recent expansion of pi\u00f1on and juniper woodlands into sagebrush-steppe communities in the northern Great Basin region, numerous conifer-removal projects have been implemented, primarily to release understory vegetation at sites having a wide range of environmental conditions. Responses to these treatments have varied from successful restoration of native plant communities to complete conversion to nonnative invasive species. To evaluate the general response of understory vegetation to tree canopy removal in conifer-encroached shrublands, we set up a region-wide study that measured treatment-induced changes in understory cover and density. Eleven study sites located across four states in the Great Basin were established as statistical replicate blocks, each containing fire, mechanical, and control treatments. Different cover groups were measured prior to and during the first 3 yr following treatment. There was a general pattern of response across the wide range of site conditions. There was an immediate increase in bare ground and decrease in tall perennial grasses following the fire treatment, but both recovered by the second or third growing season after treatment. Tall perennial grass cover increased in the mechanical treatment in the second and third year, and in the fire treatment cover was higher than the control by year 3. Nonnative grass and forb cover did not increase in the fire and mechanical treatments in the first year but increased in the second and third years. Perennial forb cover increased in both the fire and mechanical treatments. The recovery of herbaceous cover groups was from increased growth of residual vegetation, not density. Sagebrush declined in the fire treatment, but seedling density increased in both treatments. Biological soil crust declined in the fire treatment, with no indications of recovery. Differences in plant response that occurred between mechanical and fire treatments should be considered when selecting management options.", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "pi\u00c3\u00b1on-juniper", "western juniper", "restoration", "Ecology", "Plant Sciences", "single-needle pi\u00c3\u00b1on", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "15. Life on land", "nonnative species", "01 natural sciences", "pi\u00f1on-juniper", "pi\u00f1on\u2013juniper", "Utah juniper", "cheatgrass", "Animal Science and Zoology", "single-needle pi\u00f1on", "sagebrush", "resilience", "Nature and Landscape Conservation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Miller, Richard F., Ratchford, Jaime, Roundy, Bruce A., Tausch, Robin J., Hulet, April, Chambers, Jeanne C.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/context/sagestep_articles/article/1024/viewcontent/SAGEcenterart2014MillerRatchfordRoundy_ResponseConiferEncroached.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2111/rem-d-13-00003.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Rangeland%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2111/rem-d-13-00003.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.2111/rem-d-13-00003.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2111/rem-d-13-00003.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600020021x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:39Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-28", "description": "Abstract

Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of cropping systems on soil properties, such as organic soil C and N levels, is necessary so more accurate projections can be made regarding the sequester and emission of CO2 by agricultural soils. This information can then be used to predict the effects of cropping systems on both soil degradation, maintenance, or improvement and global climate changes. My objective was to evaluate the effects of crop rotation and N fertilizer management on changes in total soil C and N concentrations that have occurred during an 8\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period in a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term study in the Western Corn Belt. Seven cropping systems (three monoculture, two 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr, and two 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr rotations) with three rates of N fertilizer were compared. Monocultures included continuous corn (Zea mays L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], and grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. The 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr rotations were corn\uffe2\uff80\uff90soybean and grain sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff90soybean, and the two 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr rotations were corn\uffe2\uff80\uff90oat (Avena sativa L.) + clover (80% Melilotus officinalis Lam. and 20% Trifolium pratense). grain sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff90soybean and corn\uffe2\uff80\uff90soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff90grain sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff90oat+clover. Soil samples were taken in the spring both in 1984 and 1992 to a depth of 30 cm in 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm, 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm, and 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm increments. No differences were obtained in 1984, but both rotation and N rate significantly affected total soil C and N concentrations in 1992. The results indicate that C could be sequestered at 10 to 20 g m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in some cropping systems with sufficient levels of N fertilizer. Greater storage of C in soils suggests CO2 emissions from agricultural soils could be decreased with improved management practices and may in the long term have a significant effect on CO2 in the atmosphere under current climate conditions.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "13. Climate action", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Varvel, Gary E.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600020021x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600020021x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600020021x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600020021x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1994-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2003.3160", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-26", "description": "

Agricultural sustainability is enhanced by management practices that optimize the performance of multiple agroecosystem functions. The performance of western Corn Belt cropping systems was evaluated based on four agroecosystem functions: food production, raw materials production, nutrient cycling, and greenhouse gas regulation. A simple multiattribute ranking procedure was used to quantify agroecosystem performance using data from a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term cropping systems experiment near Mead, NE. Treatments included in the procedure were continuous corn (Zea mays L.) (CC), corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (C\uffe2\uff80\uff93SB), corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93oat (Avena sativa L.) + clover [80% sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis L.) and 20% red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)]\uffe2\uff80\uff93sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean (C\uffe2\uff80\uff93OCL\uffe2\uff80\uff93SG\uffe2\uff80\uff93SB), and corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff93sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93oat + clover (C\uffe2\uff80\uff93SB\uffe2\uff80\uff93SG\uffe2\uff80\uff93OCL) each at three N fertilization levels (ZERO, LOW, and HIGH). Based on treatment averages of soil and crop indicators from 1983 to 1998, agroecosystem performance scores ranged from 66.6 to 77.3, with a least significant difference (LSD) between treatments of 2.2 (P < 0.05). Treatments with the highest scores included C\uffe2\uff80\uff93OCL\uffe2\uff80\uff93SG\uffe2\uff80\uff93SB/LOW (77.3), C\uffe2\uff80\uff93SB/LOW (76.9), CC/LOW (76.7), CC/HIGH (76.6), and C\uffe2\uff80\uff93SB\uffe2\uff80\uff93SG\uffe2\uff80\uff93OCL/LOW (75.3). Among these treatments, those fertilized at the LOW N rate attained high scores through moderate performance in all four agroecosystem functions. The CC/HIGH treatment, however, attained a high score solely through its superior capacity to be highly productive, as its scores for the two environmental quality\uffe2\uff80\uff93related functions were the lowest among all treatments. Correlations between production\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and environmental protection\uffe2\uff80\uff93related functions were negative, emphasizing the importance of employing management practices that are productive yet minimize deleterious environmental impacts.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Liebig, Mark, Varvel, Gary E.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2003.3160"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2003.3160", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2003.3160", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2003.3160"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/agronj2004.0240", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-04", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Tillage On Soil Chemical Properties And Grain Yields Of A Dryland Winter Wheat-Sorghum/Corn-Fallow Rotation In The Great Plains", "description": "

Tillage systems and nutrient management influence soil chemical properties that can impact the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term sustainability of dryland production systems. This study was conducted to compare the effects of no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till (NT) and conventional till (CT) on the soil chemical properties and grain yield of a dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench]/corn (Zea maysL.)\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow rotation. The effects of tillage practice over a 27\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period (1962\uffe2\uff80\uff931989) and the effect of the conversion of CT to NT over a 14\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr period (1989\uffe2\uff80\uff932003) on selected soil chemical properties [pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), soil organic C (SOC), K, Ca, Mg, and Bray\uffe2\uff80\uff90P] at different soil depths was determined. The acidification rate of the NT treatment from 1962 to 2003 was also determined. The study was conducted at North Platte, NE on a Holdrege silt loam (fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90silty, mixed, mesic Typic Argiustolls). In 1989, there were differences in soil chemical properties between CT and NT at some depths after 27 yr. However, in 2003, 14 yr after converting from CT to NT, there were no differences in the soil chemical properties compared with continuous NT. In 1989 and 2003, the soil chemical properties varied with soil depth. The acidification rate from 1962 to 2003 for the NT treatment in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth was 1.3 kmol H+ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. This rate of acidification represents 38% of the total potential acidity from N fertilizer applications over 41 yr. Acidification was attributed to nitrification of ammonium\uffe2\uff80\uff90based fertilizers and leaching of NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92Long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term winter wheat (1966\uffe2\uff80\uff931983) and grain sorghum (1964\uffe2\uff80\uff931988) grain yields were higher for NT (2718 and 4125 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than CT (2421 and 3062 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Retention of soil moisture as a result of increased residue cover under NT likely contributed to higher NT yields. Soil chemical properties in the wheat\uffe2\uff80\uff93sorghum/corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93fallow rotation will likely continue to change as a result of current management practices. Lime additions may become necessary in the future to ensure the sustainability of crop production in this system.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Tarkalson, David D., Hergert, Gary W., Cassman, Kenneth G.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2004.0240"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/agronj2004.0240", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/agronj2004.0240", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/agronj2004.0240"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2003.2300", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-02", "description": "ABSTRACT

Understanding how carbon, nitrogen, and key soil attributes affect gas emissions from soil is crucial for alleviating their undesirable residual effects that can linger for years after termination of manure and compost applications. This study was conducted to evaluate the emission of soil CO2, N2O, and CH4 and soil C and N indicators four years after manure and compost application had stopped. Experimental plots were treated with annual synthetic N fertilizer (FRT), annual and biennial manure (MN1 and MN2, respectively), and compost (CP1 and CP2, respectively) from 1992 to 1995 based on removal of 151 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 by continuous corn (Zea mays L.). The control (CTL) plots received no input. After 1995, only the FRT plots received N fertilizer in the spring of 1999. In 1999, the emissions of CO2 were similar between control and other treatments. The average annual carbon input in the CTL and FRT plots were similar to soil CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C emission (4.4 and 5.1 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively). Manure and compost resulted in positive C and N balances in the soil four years after application. Fluxes of CH4\uffe2\uff80\uff93C and N2O\uffe2\uff80\uff90N were nearly zero, which indicated that the residual effects of manure and compost four years after application had no negative influence on soil C and N storage and global warming. Residual effects of compost and manure resulted in 20 to 40% higher soil microbial biomass C, 42 to 74% higher potentially mineralizable N, and 0.5 unit higher pH compared with the FRT treatment. Residual effects of manure and compost on CO2, N2O, and CH4 emissions were minimal and their benefits on soil C and N indicators were more favorable than that of N fertilizer.

", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Time Factors", "Nitrogen", "Nitrous Oxide", "Plant Biology", "Horticulture", "Zea mays", "630", "333", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "Biomass", "Agricultural Science", "Fertilizers", "Plant Sciences", "Botany", "Life Sciences", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Refuse Disposal", "Manure", "13. Climate action", "Other Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Methane", "Environmental Monitoring"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ginting, Daniel, Kessavalou, Anabayan, Eghball, Bahman, Doran, John W.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2003.2300"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2003.2300", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2003.2300", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2003.2300"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2002.5960", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-25", "description": "

Understanding long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term management effects on soil properties is necessary to determine the relative sustainability of cropping systems. Soil physical, chemical, and biological properties were measured in a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term cropping system study in the Western Corn Belt. Properties were evaluated after 16 yr in four crop sequences [continuous corn (zea mays L.) (CC), corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean [Glycine max. (L.)] (C\uffe2\uff80\uff93SB), corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93oat (Avena sativa L.) + clover (80% sweet clover [Melilotus officinalis L.] and 20% red clover [Trifolium pratense L.])\uffe2\uff80\uff93grain sorghum [(Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean (C\uffe2\uff80\uff93OCL\uffe2\uff80\uff93SG\uffe2\uff80\uff93SB), and corn\uffe2\uff80\uff93soybean\uffe2\uff80\uff90grain sorghum\uffe2\uff80\uff93oat + clover (C\uffe2\uff80\uff93SB\uffe2\uff80\uff93SG\uffe2\uff80\uff93OCL)] each at three N fertilization rates (ZERO, LOW, and HIGH) to a soil depth of 30.5 cm on a Sharpsburg silty clay loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Typic Argiudolls). Nitrogen fertilization had a greater impact on soil properties than crop sequence, with management effects most pronounced at 0 to 7.6 cm. Increased N rate resulted in greater organic C, total N, and particulate organic matter (POM), but lower soil pH. Increased N rate also reduced microbial biomass by \uffe2\uff88\uffbc20% between the HIGH and ZERO N\uffe2\uff80\uff90rate treatments. The C\uffe2\uff80\uff93SB\uffe2\uff80\uff93SG\uffe2\uff80\uff93OCL sequence possessed more potentially mineralizable N (PMN) (57 vs. 46 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for average of CC and C\uffe2\uff80\uff93SB) and a higher percentage of POM present as soil organic matter (17.1% for the C\uffe2\uff80\uff93SB\uffe2\uff80\uff93SG\uffe2\uff80\uff93OCL sequence vs. 13.9% for other sequences). Within the context of soil functions and cropping system performance, results from this study indicate the C\uffe2\uff80\uff93SB\uffe2\uff80\uff93SB\uffe2\uff80\uff93OCL sequence enhanced nutrient cycling efficiency, while N fertilization resulted in a trade\uffe2\uff80\uff90off between its positive effect on biological productivity and negative effect on nutrient cycling efficiency.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2002.5960"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2002.5960", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2002.5960", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2002.5960"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2005.0100", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-03", "description": "

Sequestration and storage of carbon (C) by agricultural soils has been cited as one potential part of the solution to soil degradation and global climate change. However, C sequestration in soils is a slow and dynamic process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of crop rotation and N fertilizer management on soil organic C (SOC) levels at several points in time during 18 yr of a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term study in the Western Corn Belt. Seven cropping systems (three monoculture, two 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr, and two 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr rotations) with three levels of N fertilizer were compared. Soil samples were taken in the spring in 1984, 1992, 1998, and 2002 to a depth of 30 cm in 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm increments. No differences were obtained in SOC levels in 1984 at the beginning of the study. After 8 yr, rotation significantly increased SOC 449 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 across all cropping systems. From 1992 to 2002, SOC levels in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth decreased by 516 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 across all cropping systems. Soil organic C levels in the 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depths in 1992 and 2002 demonstrated similar rotation effects to those in the surface 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm, being not significantly affected from 1984 to 1992 but being significantly decreased from 1992 to 2002 (568 kg SOC ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 across all cropping systems). Many of the SOC gains in the surface 30 cm measured during the first 8 yr of the study were lost during the next 10 yr in all but the 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr cropping systems after 18 yr. The loss of SOC in this latter period occurred when depth of tillage was increased by using a tandem disk with larger\uffe2\uff80\uff90diameter disks. These results demonstrate that more than one point\uffe2\uff80\uff90in\uffe2\uff80\uff90time measurement from long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments is necessary to monitor SOC changes when several management variables, such as cropping system and N fertilizer, are being used. They also indicate that apparent small changes in cultural practices, such as in depth of tillage in this experiment, can significantly change SOC dynamics in the soil. Subtle changes in cultural practices (e.g., tillage depth) can have significant long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term results, but long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments are required to quantify their impact under variable climatic conditions.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agricultural Science", "630", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Varvel, Gary E.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0100"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2005.0100", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2005.0100", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2005.0100"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2005.0100er", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-03", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Changes In Diversified Rotations Of The Western Corn Belt (Vol 70, Pg 426, 2006)", "description": "

Sequestration and storage of carbon (C) by agricultural soils has been cited as one potential part of the solution to soil degradation and global climate change. However, C sequestration in soils is a slow and dynamic process. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of crop rotation and N fertilizer management on soil organic C (SOC) levels at several points in time during 18 yr of a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term study in the Western Corn Belt. Seven cropping systems (three monoculture, two 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr, and two 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr rotations) with three levels of N fertilizer were compared. Soil samples were taken in the spring in 1984, 1992, 1998, and 2002 to a depth of 30 cm in 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm increments. No differences were obtained in SOC levels in 1984 at the beginning of the study. After 8 yr, rotation significantly increased SOC 449 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 across all cropping systems. From 1992 to 2002, SOC levels in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth decreased by 516 kg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 across all cropping systems. Soil organic C levels in the 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depths in 1992 and 2002 demonstrated similar rotation effects to those in the surface 0\uffe2\uff80\uff90 to 7.5\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm, being not significantly affected from 1984 to 1992 but being significantly decreased from 1992 to 2002 (568 kg SOC ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 across all cropping systems). Many of the SOC gains in the surface 30 cm measured during the first 8 yr of the study were lost during the next 10 yr in all but the 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr cropping systems after 18 yr. The loss of SOC in this latter period occurred when depth of tillage was increased by using a tandem disk with larger\uffe2\uff80\uff90diameter disks. These results demonstrate that more than one point\uffe2\uff80\uff90in\uffe2\uff80\uff90time measurement from long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments is necessary to monitor SOC changes when several management variables, such as cropping system and N fertilizer, are being used. They also indicate that apparent small changes in cultural practices, such as in depth of tillage in this experiment, can significantly change SOC dynamics in the soil. Subtle changes in cultural practices (e.g., tillage depth) can have significant long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term results, but long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experiments are required to quantify their impact under variable climatic conditions.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Agricultural Science", "630", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Varvel, Gary E.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2005.0100er"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2005.0100er", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2005.0100er", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2005.0100er"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0095", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-24T16:19:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-01-07", "description": "

Laboratory and field CO2 efflux measurements were used to investigate the influence of soil organic C (SOC) decomposability and soil microclimate on summer SOC dynamics in seasonally dry montane forest and rangeland soils at the T.W. Daniel Experimental Forest in northern Utah. Soil respiration, soil temperature, and soil moisture content (SMC) were measured between July and October 2004 and 2005 in 12 control and 12 irrigated plots laid out in a randomized block design in adjacent forest (aspen or conifer) and rangeland (sagebrush [Artemisia tridentata Nutt.] or grass\uffe2\uff80\uff93forb) sites. Irrigated plots received a single water addition of 2.5 cm in July 2004 and two additions in July 2005. The SOC decomposability in mineral soil samples (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310, 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9320, and 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm) was derived from 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90mo lab incubations. The amount of SOC accumulated in the A horizon (16 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and the top 1 m (74 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) of the mineral soil did not differ significantly among vegetation type, but upper forest soils tended to contain more decomposable SOC than rangeland soils. The CO2 efflux measured in the field varied significantly with vegetation cover (aspen > conifer = sagebrush > grass\uffe2\uff80\uff93forb), ranging from 12 kg CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in aspen to 5 kg CO2\uffe2\uff80\uff93C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the grass\uffe2\uff80\uff93forb sites. It increased (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc35%) immediately following water additions, with treatment effects dissipating within 1 wk. Soil temperature and SMC, which were negatively correlated (r = \uffe2\uff88\uff920.53), together explained \uffe2\uff88\uffbc60% of the variability in summer soil respiration. Our study suggests that vegetation cover influences summer CO2 efflux rates through its effect on SOC quality and the soil microclimate.

", "keywords": ["Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Plant Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "Genetics and Genomics", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Forest Sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Olsen, Harley R., Van Miegroet, Helga,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/context/docdan/article/1140/viewcontent/j.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0095"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0095", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2009.0095", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2009.0095"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2478/jofnem-2023-0006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-04-22", "title": "18S-NemaBase: Curated 18S rRNA Database of Nematode Sequences", "description": "Abstract

Nematodes are the most abundant and diverse animals on the planet but lack representation in biodiversity research. This presents a problem for studying nematode diversity, particularly when molecular tools (i.e., barcoding and metabarcoding) rely on well-populated and curated reference databases, which are absent for nematodes. To improve molecular identification and the assessment of nematode diversity, we created and curated an 18S rRNA database specific to nematodes (18S-NemaBase) using sequences sourced from the most recent publicly available 18S rRNA SILVA v138 database. As part of the curation process, taxonomic strings were standardized to contain a fixed number of taxonomic ranks relevant to nematology and updated for the most recent accepted nematode classifications. In addition, apparent erroneous sequences were removed. To test the efficacy and accuracy of 18S-NemaBase, we compared it to an older but also curated SILVA v111 and the newest SILVA v138 by assigning taxonomies and analyzing the diversity of a nematode dataset from the Western Nebraska Sandhills. We showed that 18S-NemaBase provided more accurate taxonomic assignments and diversity assessments than either version of SILVA, with a much easier workflow and no need for manual corrections. Additionally, observed diversity further improved when 18S-NemaBase was supplemented with reference sequences from nematodes present in the study site. Although the 18S-NemaBase is a step in the right direction, a concerted effort to increase the number of high-quality, accessible, full-length nematode reference sequences is more important now than ever.The study of complex biological systems necessitates computational modeling approaches that are currently underutilized in plant biology. Many plant biologists have trouble identifying or adopting modeling methods to their research, particularly mechanistic mathematical modeling. Here we address challenges that limit the use of computational modeling methods, particularly mechanistic mathematical modeling. We divide computational modeling techniques into either pattern models (e.g., bioinformatics, machine learning, or morphology) or mechanistic mathematical models (e.g., biochemical reactions, biophysics, or population models), which both contribute to plant biology research at different scales to answer different research questions. We present arguments and recommendations for the increased adoption of modeling by plant biologists interested in incorporating more modeling into their research programs. As some researchers find math and quantitative methods to be an obstacle to modeling, we provide suggestions for easy-to-use tools for non-specialists and for collaboration with specialists. This may especially be the case for mechanistic mathematical modeling, and we spend some extra time discussing this. Through a more thorough appreciation and awareness of the power of different kinds of modeling in plant biology, we hope to facilitate interdisciplinary, transformative research.

", "keywords": ["Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics", "computational modeling", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "experimental design", "Systems Biology", "Plant Sciences", "Research Methods in Life Sciences", "mathematical modeling", "Life Sciences", "Plant culture", "bioinformatics", "Plant Science", "collaboration", "SB1-1110", "03 medical and health sciences", "Other Life Sciences", "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/jfdb9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.31219/osf.io/jfdb9", "name": "item", "description": "10.31219/osf.io/jfdb9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.31219/osf.io/jfdb9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11050946", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:20:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-11", "title": "Estimating Farm Wheat Yields from NDVI and Meteorological Data", "description": "

Information on crop yield at scales ranging from the field to the global level is imperative for farmers and decision makers. The current data sources to monitor crop yield, such as regional agriculture statistics, are often lacking in spatial and temporal resolution. Remotely sensed vegetation indices (VIs) such as NDVI are able to assess crop yield using empirical modelling strategies. Empirical NDVI-based crop yield models were evaluated by comparing the model performance with similar models used in different regions. The integral NDVI and the peak NDVI were weak predictors of winter wheat yield in northern Belgium. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield variability was better predicted by monthly precipitation during tillering and anthesis than by NDVI-derived yield proxies in the period from 2016 to 2018 (R2 = 0.66). The NDVI series were not sensitive enough to yield affecting weather conditions during important phenological stages such as tillering and anthesis and were weak predictors in empirical crop yield models. In conclusion, winter wheat yield modelling using NDVI-derived yield proxies as predictor variables is dependent on the environment.

", "keywords": ["yield estimation", "PREDICTION", "NDVI", "Triticum aestivum", "0703 Crop and Pasture Production", "3002 Agriculture", " land and farm management", "3004 Crop and pasture production", "Belgium", "0502 Environmental Science and Management", "Triticum aestivum", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "S", "Plant Sciences", "Agriculture", "weather impact", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "WINTER-WHEAT", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "winter wheat", "MODEL", "RESOLUTION", "SENTINEL-2", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "LANDSAT 8", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/946/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11050946"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11050946", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11050946", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11050946"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3161294357", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:25:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-11", "title": "Estimating Farm Wheat Yields from NDVI and Meteorological Data", "description": "

Information on crop yield at scales ranging from the field to the global level is imperative for farmers and decision makers. The current data sources to monitor crop yield, such as regional agriculture statistics, are often lacking in spatial and temporal resolution. Remotely sensed vegetation indices (VIs) such as NDVI are able to assess crop yield using empirical modelling strategies. Empirical NDVI-based crop yield models were evaluated by comparing the model performance with similar models used in different regions. The integral NDVI and the peak NDVI were weak predictors of winter wheat yield in northern Belgium. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield variability was better predicted by monthly precipitation during tillering and anthesis than by NDVI-derived yield proxies in the period from 2016 to 2018 (R2 = 0.66). The NDVI series were not sensitive enough to yield affecting weather conditions during important phenological stages such as tillering and anthesis and were weak predictors in empirical crop yield models. In conclusion, winter wheat yield modelling using NDVI-derived yield proxies as predictor variables is dependent on the environment.

", "keywords": ["yield estimation", "PREDICTION", "NDVI", "Triticum aestivum", "0703 Crop and Pasture Production", "3002 Agriculture", " land and farm management", "3004 Crop and pasture production", "Belgium", "0502 Environmental Science and Management", "Triticum aestivum", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "S", "Plant Sciences", "Agriculture", "weather impact", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "WINTER-WHEAT", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "winter wheat", "MODEL", "RESOLUTION", "SENTINEL-2", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "LANDSAT 8", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/5/946/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3161294357"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3161294357", "name": "item", "description": "3161294357", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3161294357"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/333899", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:24:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-19", "title": "Application of Mycorrhiza and Soil from a Permaculture System Improved Phosphorus Acquisition in Naranjilla", "description": "Naranjilla (Solanum quitoense) is a perennial shrub plant mainly cultivated in Ecuador, Colombia, and Central America where it represents an important cash crop. Current cultivation practices not only cause deforestation and large-scale soil degradation but also make plants highly susceptible to pests and diseases. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can offer a possibility to overcome these problems. AMF can act beneficially in various ways, for example by improving plant nutrition and growth, water relations, soil structure and stability and protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, the impact of AMF inoculation on growth and nutrition parameters of naranjilla has been assessed. For inoculation three European reference AMF strains (Rhizoglomus irregulare, Claroideoglomus claroideum, and Cetraspora helvetica) and soils originating from three differently managed naranjilla plantations in Ecuador (conventional, organic, and permaculture) have been used. This allowed for a comparison of the performance of exotic AMF strains (reference strains) versus native consortia contained in the three soils used as inocula. To study fungal communities present in the three soils, trap cultures have been established using naranjilla as host plant. The community structures of AMF and other fungi inhabiting the roots of trap cultured naranjilla were assessed using next generation sequencing (NGS) methods. The growth response experiment has shown that two of the three reference AMF strains, a mixture of the three and soil from a permaculture site led to significantly better acquisition of phosphorus (up to 104%) compared to uninoculated controls. These results suggest that the use of AMF strains and local soils as inoculants represent a valid approach to improve nutrient uptake efficiency of naranjilla and consequently to reduce inputs of mineral fertilizers in the cultivation process. Improved phosphorus acquisition after inoculation with permaculture soil might have been caused by a higher abundance of AMF and the presence of Piriformospora indica as revealed by NGS. A higher frequency of AMF and enhanced root colonization rates in the trap cultures supplemented with permaculture soil highlight the importance of diverse agricultural systems for soil quality and crop production.", "keywords": ["next generation sequencing", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "permaculture", "0303 health sciences", "Piriformospora indica", "Plant culture", "naranjilla", "arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", "Plant Science", "15. Life on land", "fungal communities", "Life sciences", "SB1-1110", "Biologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale (sciences v\u00e9g\u00e9tales", " sylviculture", " mycologie...)", "03 medical and health sciences", "Sciences du vivant", "naranjilla", " arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi", " fungal communities", " Piriformospora indica", " farming practices", " permaculture", " next generation sequencing", "farming practices", "Phytobiology (plant sciences", " forestry", " mycology...)", "Sciences exactes et naturelles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://orbi.uliege.be/bitstream/2268/290284/1/Symanczik%20et%20al%202017.pdf"}, {"href": "https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/333899/1/doi_317543.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/333899"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/333899", "name": "item", "description": "2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/333899", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/333899"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2268/333642", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:24:43Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2024-10-17", "title": "Cis-regulatory mutations co-opting circadian clock regulation underlie naturally selected extreme trait inArabidopsis halleri", "description": "Abstract

HEAVY METAL ATPase 4(HMA4) is required for the naturally selected traits of zinc/cadmium hyperaccumulation and hypertolerance of inArabidopsis halleri.Cis-regulatory alterations and tandem triplication ofAhHMA4result in substantially elevated transcript levels compared to the closely related non-tolerant non-hyperaccumulatorArabidopsis thaliana. Here we identifycis-regulatory Metal Hyperaccumulation Elements (MHEs) necessary forAhHMA4promoter activity, employing sequence comparisons and motif elicitation analyses combined with progressive deletions and site-directed mutagenesis of promoter-reporter constructs. We report that the promoters of allAhHMA4gene copies share a distal MHE1 (consensus TGTAAC), and a proximal pair of MHE2s identical or highly similar to the Evening Element (AAAATATCT). Evening elements are known binding sites of Arabidopsis CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1), a phytochrome-regulated transcription factor in the core circadian clock. We show that the promoter of eachAhHMA4gene copy, but not ofAtHMA4, mediates enhanced transcript levels of the reporter and their diel rhythmicity. These functional characteristics areCCA1-dependent and recapitulated by a synthetic reporter construct placing the MHE2 pair into theAtHMA4-promoter sequence context, according to the example of theAhHMA4-1promoter. Consistent with our observations in transgenic reporter lines,AhHMA4transcript levels follow a diel rhythm in wild-typeA. halleriplants. Different fromA. halleri, we identify complex repressive functionalities co-localizing with an upstream lncRNA and an intron in the 5\uffe2\uff80\uff99 untranslated region ofA. thaliana HMA4. In summary, our work exemplifies howcis-regulatory mutations contributed to the evolution of extreme physiological traits through the co-option of the circadian clock regulatory network.The study of complex biological systems necessitates computational modeling approaches that are currently underutilized in plant biology. Many plant biologists have trouble identifying or adopting modeling methods to their research, particularly mechanistic mathematical modeling. Here we address challenges that limit the use of computational modeling methods, particularly mechanistic mathematical modeling. We divide computational modeling techniques into either pattern models (e.g., bioinformatics, machine learning, or morphology) or mechanistic mathematical models (e.g., biochemical reactions, biophysics, or population models), which both contribute to plant biology research at different scales to answer different research questions. We present arguments and recommendations for the increased adoption of modeling by plant biologists interested in incorporating more modeling into their research programs. As some researchers find math and quantitative methods to be an obstacle to modeling, we provide suggestions for easy-to-use tools for non-specialists and for collaboration with specialists. This may especially be the case for mechanistic mathematical modeling, and we spend some extra time discussing this. Through a more thorough appreciation and awareness of the power of different kinds of modeling in plant biology, we hope to facilitate interdisciplinary, transformative research.

", "keywords": ["Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics", "computational modeling", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "experimental design", "Systems Biology", "Plant Sciences", "Research Methods in Life Sciences", "mathematical modeling", "Life Sciences", "Plant culture", "bioinformatics", "Plant Science", "collaboration", "SB1-1110", "03 medical and health sciences", "Other Life Sciences", "Physical Sciences and Mathematics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/3186494073"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3186494073", "name": "item", "description": "3186494073", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3186494073"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC10152464", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-24T16:27:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-04-22", "title": "18S-NemaBase: Curated 18S rRNA Database of Nematode Sequences", "description": "Abstract

Nematodes are the most abundant and diverse animals on the planet but lack representation in biodiversity research. This presents a problem for studying nematode diversity, particularly when molecular tools (i.e., barcoding and metabarcoding) rely on well-populated and curated reference databases, which are absent for nematodes. To improve molecular identification and the assessment of nematode diversity, we created and curated an 18S rRNA database specific to nematodes (18S-NemaBase) using sequences sourced from the most recent publicly available 18S rRNA SILVA v138 database. As part of the curation process, taxonomic strings were standardized to contain a fixed number of taxonomic ranks relevant to nematology and updated for the most recent accepted nematode classifications. In addition, apparent erroneous sequences were removed. To test the efficacy and accuracy of 18S-NemaBase, we compared it to an older but also curated SILVA v111 and the newest SILVA v138 by assigning taxonomies and analyzing the diversity of a nematode dataset from the Western Nebraska Sandhills. We showed that 18S-NemaBase provided more accurate taxonomic assignments and diversity assessments than either version of SILVA, with a much easier workflow and no need for manual corrections. Additionally, observed diversity further improved when 18S-NemaBase was supplemented with reference sequences from nematodes present in the study site. Although the 18S-NemaBase is a step in the right direction, a concerted effort to increase the number of high-quality, accessible, full-length nematode reference sequences is more important now than ever.The study of complex biological systems necessitates computational modeling approaches that are currently underutilized in plant biology. Many plant biologists have trouble identifying or adopting modeling methods to their research, particularly mechanistic mathematical modeling. Here we address challenges that limit the use of computational modeling methods, particularly mechanistic mathematical modeling. We divide computational modeling techniques into either pattern models (e.g., bioinformatics, machine learning, or morphology) or mechanistic mathematical models (e.g., biochemical reactions, biophysics, or population models), which both contribute to plant biology research at different scales to answer different research questions. We present arguments and recommendations for the increased adoption of modeling by plant biologists interested in incorporating more modeling into their research programs. As some researchers find math and quantitative methods to be an obstacle to modeling, we provide suggestions for easy-to-use tools for non-specialists and for collaboration with specialists. This may especially be the case for mechanistic mathematical modeling, and we spend some extra time discussing this. Through a more thorough appreciation and awareness of the power of different kinds of modeling in plant biology, we hope to facilitate interdisciplinary, transformative research.

", "keywords": ["Other Physical Sciences and Mathematics", "computational modeling", "0301 basic medicine", "2. 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Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2023-08-16", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2023-04-02", "language": "eng", "title": "Fusarium abundance and diversity and Alternaria abundance on arable weeds at the edges of kettle holes in the AgroScapeLab Quillow in autumn and winter 2018, 2019 and 2020", "description": "Fields with winter wheat (preceding crop: maize) were selected to quantify the Fusarium and Alternaria infection in September, October, November 2018 as well as in October, November 2019 and January 2020 at 9 different kettle holes in the AgroScapeLab Quillow each season. At each kettle hole, 3 different arable weeds (the most frequent ones) were selected and sampled for further analyses. Total fungi, fungi of the genus Fusarium and Alternaria and the Fusarium species composition were determined by culture-dependent methods (numeration of colony forming units) from 10 weed pieces from each plant sample. 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