{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1038/nature10274", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:16:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-01", "title": "C-4 Grasses Prosper As Carbon Dioxide Eliminates Desiccation In Warmed Semi-Arid Grassland", "description": "Global warming is predicted to induce desiccation in many world regions through increases in evaporative demand. Rising CO(2) may counter that trend by improving plant water-use efficiency. However, it is not clear how important this CO(2)-enhanced water use efficiency might be in offsetting warming-induced desiccation because higher CO(2) also leads to higher plant biomass, and therefore greater transpirational surface. Furthermore, although warming is predicted to favour warm-season, C(4) grasses, rising CO(2) should favour C(3), or cool-season plants. Here we show in a semi-arid grassland that elevated CO(2) can completely reverse the desiccating effects of moderate warming. Although enrichment of air to 600\u2009p.p.m.v. CO(2) increased soil water content (SWC), 1.5/3.0\u2009\u00b0C day/night warming resulted in desiccation, such that combined CO(2) enrichment and warming had no effect on SWC relative to control plots. As predicted, elevated CO(2) favoured C(3) grasses and enhanced stand productivity, whereas warming favoured C(4) grasses. Combined warming and CO(2) enrichment stimulated above-ground growth of C(4) grasses in 2 of 3\u2009years when soil moisture most limited plant productivity. The results indicate that in a warmer, CO(2)-enriched world, both SWC and productivity in semi-arid grasslands may be higher than previously expected.", "keywords": ["Wyoming", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Atmosphere", "Water", "Plant Transpiration", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Plant Stomata", "Biomass", "Seasons", "Desert Climate", "Desiccation", "Photosynthesis", "Volatilization", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/nature10274"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/nature10274", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/nature10274", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/nature10274"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1073/pnas.1905912116", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-06", "title": "Disentangling the role of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance on rising forest water-use efficiency", "description": "<p>             Multiple lines of evidence suggest that plant water-use efficiency (WUE)\uffe2\uff80\uff94the ratio of carbon assimilation to water loss\uffe2\uff80\uff94has increased in recent decades. Although rising atmospheric CO             2             has been proposed as the principal cause, the underlying physiological mechanisms are still being debated, and implications for the global water cycle remain uncertain. Here, we addressed this gap using 30-y tree ring records of carbon and oxygen isotope measurements and basal area increment from 12 species in 8 North American mature temperate forests. Our goal was to separate the contributions of enhanced photosynthesis and reduced stomatal conductance to WUE trends and to assess consistency between multiple commonly used methods for estimating WUE. Our results show that tree ring-derived estimates of increases in WUE are consistent with estimates from atmospheric measurements and predictions based on an optimal balancing of carbon gains and water costs, but are lower than those based on ecosystem-scale flux observations. Although both physiological mechanisms contributed to rising WUE, enhanced photosynthesis was widespread, while reductions in stomatal conductance were modest and restricted to species that experienced moisture limitations. This finding challenges the hypothesis that rising WUE in forests is primarily the result of widespread, CO             2             -induced reductions in stomatal conductance.           </p", "keywords": ["Water-use efficiency", "Tree rings", "Water", "AmeriFlux", "Biological Sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Models", " Biological", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "United States", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata", "Photosynthesis", "CO2 fertilization", "AmeriFlux; CO2; fertilization; Stable isotopes; Tree rings; Water-use efficiency", "Stable isotopes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/704613/4/Guerrieri%20et%20al%20PNAS%202019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1905912116"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1073/pnas.1905912116", "name": "item", "description": "10.1073/pnas.1905912116", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1073/pnas.1905912116"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tpr121", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-07", "title": "Leaf-Trait Responses To Irrigation Of The Endemic Fog-Oasis Tree Myrcianthes Ferreyrae: Can A Fog Specialist Benefit From Regular Watering?", "description": "Myrcianthes ferreyrae is an endemic, endangered species, with a small number of individuals located only in hyperarid, fog-oases known as lomas along the Peruvian desert in southern Peru, where fog is the main source of water. Following centuries of severe deforestation, reforestation with this native species was conducted in the Atiquipa lomas, Arequipa-Per\u00fa. On five slopes, five 2-year-old seedlings were irrigated monthly with water trapped by raschel-mesh fog collectors, supplementing natural rainfall with 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mm month(-1) from February to August 2008. We measured plant growth, increment in basal diameter, height and five leaf traits: leaf mass area (LMA), leaf carbon isotope composition (\u03b4(13)C), nitrogen per leaf area, total leaf carbon and stomatal density; which are indicative of the physiological changes resulting from increased water supply. Plant growth rates, estimated from the variation of either shoot basal diameter or maximum height, were highly correlated with total biomass. Only LMA and \u03b4(13)C were higher in irrigated than in control plants, but we found no further differences among irrigation treatments. This threshold response suggests an on-off strategy fitted to exploit pulses of fog water, which are always limited in magnitude in comparison with natural rain. The absence of a differential response to increased water supply is in agreement with the low phenotypic plasticity expected in plants from very stressful environments. Our results have practical implications for reforestation projects, since irrigating with 20 mm per month is sufficient to achieve the full growth capacity of this species.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Carbon Isotopes", "Principal Component Analysis", "Agricultural Irrigation", "Geography", "Water", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Statistics", " Nonparametric", "6. Clean water", "Trees", "Plant Leaves", "Quantitative Trait", " Heritable", "Multivariate Analysis", "Peru", "Plant Stomata", "Biomass", "Weather"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpr121"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tpr121", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tpr121", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tpr121"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tps029", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-13", "title": "Physiological Response To Drought In Radiata Pine: Phytohormone Implication At Leaf Level", "description": "Pinus radiata D. Don is one of the most abundant species in the north of Spain. Knowledge of drought response mechanisms is essential to guarantee plantation survival under reduced water supply as predicted in the future. Tolerance mechanisms are being studied in breeding programs, because information on such mechanisms can be used for genotype selection. In this paper, we analyze the changes of leaf water potential, hydraulic conductance (K(leaf)), stomatal conductance and phytohormones under drought in P. radiata breeds (O1, O2, O3, O4, O5 and O6) from different climatology areas, hypothesizing that they could show variable drought tolerance. As a primary signal, drought decreased cytokinin (zeatin and zeatin riboside-Z\u2009+\u2009ZR) levels in needles parallel to K(leaf) and gas exchange. When Z\u2009+\u2009ZR decreased by 65%, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation started as a second signal and increments were higher for IAA than for ABA. When plants decreased by 80%, Z\u2009+\u2009ZR and K(leaf) doubled their ABA and IAA levels, the photosystem II yield decreased and the electrolyte leakage increased. At the end of the drought period, less tolerant breeds increased IAA over 10-fold compared with controls. External damage also induced jasmonic acid accumulation in all breeds except in O5 (P. radiata var. radiata\u2009\u00d7\u2009var. cedrosensis), which accumulated salicylic acid as a defense mechanism. After rewatering, only the most tolerant plants recovered their K(leaf,) perhaps due to an IAA decrease and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid maintenance. From all phytohormones, IAA was the most representative 'water deficit signal' in P. radiata.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Genotype", "Indoleacetic Acids", "Climate", "Amino Acids", " Cyclic", "Photosystem II Protein Complex", "Cyclopentanes", "Breeding", "15. Life on land", "Pinus", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Plant Leaves", "Electrolytes", "Isopentenyladenosine", "03 medical and health sciences", "Plant Growth Regulators", "Plant Stomata", "Oxylipins", "Photosynthesis", "Salicylic Acid", "Abscisic Acid", "Signal Transduction"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tps029"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tps029", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tps029", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tps029"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tps051", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-14", "title": "Effects Of Predicted Future And Current Atmospheric Temperature And [Co2] And High And Low Soil Moisture On Gas Exchange And Growth Of Pinus Taeda Seedlings At Cool And Warm Sites In The Species Range", "description": "Predicted future changes in air temperature and atmospheric CO(2) concentration ([CO(2)]), coupled with altered precipitation, are expected to substantially affect tree growth. Effects on growth may vary considerably across a species range, as temperatures vary from sub-optimal to supra-optimal for growth. We performed an experiment simultaneously at two locations in the current range of loblolly pine, a cool site and a warm site, to examine the effect of future climate conditions on growth of loblolly pine seedlings in contrasting regions of the species range. At both sites 1-year-old loblolly pine seedlings were grown in current (local ambient temperature and [CO(2)]) and predicted future atmospheric conditions (ambient +2 \u00b0C temperature and 700 \u03bcmol mol(-1) [CO(2)]). Additionally, high and low soil moisture treatments were applied within each atmospheric treatment at each site by altering the amount of water provided to the seedlings. Averaged across water treatments, photosynthesis (A(net)) was 31% greater at the cool site and 34% greater at the warm site in elevated temperature and [CO(2)] compared with ambient temperature. Biomass accumulation was also stimulated by 38% at the cool site and by 24% at the warm site in that treatment. These results suggest that a temperature increase of 2 \u00b0C coupled with an increase in [CO(2)] (predicted future climate) will create conditions favorable for growth of this species. Reduced soil moisture decreased growth in both current and predicted atmospheric conditions. Biomass accumulation and A(net) were reduced by \u223c39 and 17%, respectively, in the low water treatment. These results suggest that any benefit of future atmospheric conditions may be negated if soil moisture is reduced by altered precipitation patterns.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Analysis of Variance", "Atmosphere", "Temperature", "Humidity", "Pinus taeda", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Species Specificity", "Seedlings", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata", "Biomass", "Seasons", "Photosynthesis"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tps051"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tps051", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tps051", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tps051"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tps133", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-02-01", "title": "Nitrogen Nutrition And Drought Hardening Exert Opposite Effects On The Stress Tolerance Of Pinus Pinea L. Seedlings", "description": "Functional attributes determine the survival and growth of planted seedlings in reforestation projects. Nitrogen (N) and water are important resources in the cultivation of forest species, which have a strong effect on plant functional traits. We analyzed the influence of N nutrition on drought acclimation of Pinus pinea L. seedlings. Specifically, we addressed if high N fertilization reduces drought and frost tolerance of seedlings and whether drought hardening reverses the effect of high N fertilization on stress tolerance. Seedlings were grown under two N fertilization regimes (6 and 100 mg N per plant) and subjected to three drought-hardening levels (well-watered, moderate and strong hardening). Water relations, gas exchange, frost damage, N concentration and growth at the end of the drought-hardening period, and survival and growth of seedlings under controlled xeric and mesic outplanting conditions were measured. Relative to low-N plants, high-N plants were larger, had higher stomatal conductance (27%), residual transpiration (11%) and new root growth capacity and closed stomata at higher water potential. However, high N fertilization also increased frost damage (24%) and decreased plasmalemma stability to dehydration (9%). Drought hardening reversed to a great extent the reduction in stress tolerance caused by high N fertilization as it decreased frost damage, stomatal conductance and residual transpiration by 21, 31 and 24%, respectively, and increased plasmalemma stability to dehydration (8%). Drought hardening increased tissue non-structural carbohydrates and N concentration, especially in high-fertilized plants. Frost damage was positively related to the stability of plasmalemma to dehydration (r\u2009=\u20090.92) and both traits were negatively related to the concentration of reducing soluble sugars. No differences existed between moderate and strong drought-hardening treatments. Neither N nutrition nor drought hardening had any clear effect on seedling performance under xeric outplanting conditions. However, fertilization increased growth under mesic conditions, whereas drought hardening decreased growth. We conclude that drought hardening and N fertilization applied under typical container nursery operational conditions exert opposite effects on the physiological stress tolerance of P. pinea seedlings. While drought hardening increases overall stress tolerance, N nutrition reduces it and yet has no effect on the drought acclimation capacity of seedlings.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen", "Acclimatization", "Water", "Plant Transpiration", "15. Life on land", "Pinus", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Trees", "Cold Temperature", "Plant Leaves", "Seedlings", "Stress", " Physiological", "Plant Stomata", "Photosynthesis", "Fertilizers", "Plant Shoots"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tps133"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tps133", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tps133", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tps133"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/treephys/tpt077", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-22", "title": "Photosynthesis of Quercus suber is affected by atmospheric NH3 generated by multifunctional agrosystems", "description": "Montados are evergreen oak woodlands dominated by Quercus species, which are considered to be key to biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. This ecosystem is often used for cattle breeding in most regions of the Iberian Peninsula, which causes plants to receive extra nitrogen as ammonia (NH(3)) through the atmosphere. The effect of this atmospheric NH(3) (NH(3atm)) on ecosystems is still under discussion. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of an NH(3atm) concentration gradient downwind of a cattle barn in a Montado area. Leaves from the selected Quercus suber L. trees along the gradient showed a clear influence of the NH(3) on \u03b4(13)C, as a consequence of a strong limitation on the photosynthetic machinery by a reduction of both stomatal and mesophyll conductance. A detailed study of the impact of NH(3atm) on the photosynthetic performance of Q. suber trees is presented, and new mechanisms by which NH(3) affects photosynthesis at the leaf level are suggested.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Carbon Isotopes", "Agriculture", "Plant Transpiration", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Plant Leaves", "Quercus", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ammonia", "Plant Stomata", "Photosynthesis", "Mesophyll Cells", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://academic.oup.com/treephys/article-pdf/33/12/1328/4675950/tpt077.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpt077"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Tree%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/treephys/tpt077", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/treephys/tpt077", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/treephys/tpt077"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/jxb/err133", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-18", "title": "Interactive Effects Of Elevated Co2, Warming, And Drought On Photosynthesis Of Deschampsia Flexuosa In A Temperate Heath Ecosystem", "description": "Global change factors affect plant carbon uptake in concert. In order to investigate the response directions and potential interactive effects, and to understand the underlying mechanisms, multifactor experiments are needed. The focus of this study was on the photosynthetic response to elevated CO(2) [CO2; free air CO(2) enrichment (FACE)], drought (D; water-excluding curtains), and night-time warming (T; infrared-reflective curtains) in a temperate heath. A/C(i) curves were measured, allowing analysis of light-saturated net photosynthesis (P(n)), light- and CO(2)-saturated net photosynthesis (P(max)), stomatal conductance (g(s)), the maximal rate of Rubisco carboxylation (V(cmax)), and the maximal rate of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) regeneration (J(max)) along with leaf \u03b4(13)C, and carbon and nitrogen concentration on a monthly basis in the grass Deschampsia flexuosa. Seasonal drought reduced P(n) via g(s), but severe (experimental) drought decreased P(n) via a reduction in photosynthetic capacity (P(max), J(max), and V(cmax)). The effects were completely reversed by rewetting and stimulated P(n) via photosynthetic capacity stimulation. Warming increased early and late season P(n) via higher P(max) and J(max). Elevated CO(2) did not decrease g(s), but stimulated P(n) via increased C(i). The T\u00d7CO2 synergistically increased plant carbon uptake via photosynthetic capacity up-regulation in early season and by better access to water after rewetting. The effects of the combination of drought and elevated CO(2) depended on soil water availability, with additive effects when the soil water content was low and D\u00d7CO2 synergistic stimulation of P(n) after rewetting. The photosynthetic responses appeared to be highly influenced by growth pattern. The grass has opportunistic water consumption, and a biphasic growth pattern allowing for leaf dieback at low soil water availability followed by rapid re-growth of active leaves when rewetted and possibly a large resource allocation capability mediated by the rhizome. This growth characteristic allowed for the photosynthetic capacity up-regulations that mediated the T\u00d7CO2 and D\u00d7CO2 synergistic effects on photosynthesis. These are clearly advantageous characteristics when exposed to climate changes. In conclusion, after 1 year of experimentation, the limitations by low soil water availability and stimulation in early and late season by warming clearly structure and interact with the photosynthetic response to elevated CO(2) in this grassland species.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon Isotopes", "0303 health sciences", "Light", "Nitrogen", "Rain", "Temperature", "Water", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Research Papers", "Carbon", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata", "Regression Analysis", "Seasons", "Photosynthesis", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/err133"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Experimental%20Botany", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/jxb/err133", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/jxb/err133", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/jxb/err133"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01822.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-22", "title": "Elevated Co2 Increases Photosynthesis, Biomass And Productivity, And Modifies Gene Expression In Sugarcane", "description": "ABSTRACT<p>Because of the economical relevance of sugarcane and its high potential as a source of biofuel, it is important to understand how this crop will respond to the foreseen increase in atmospheric [CO2]. The effects of increased [CO2] on photosynthesis, development and carbohydrate metabolism were studied in sugarcane (Saccharum ssp.). Plants were grown at ambient (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc370\uffe2\uff80\uff83ppm) and elevated (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc720\uffe2\uff80\uff83ppm) [CO2] during 50 weeks in open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers. The plants grown under elevated CO2 showed, at the end of such period, an increase of about 30% in photosynthesis and 17% in height, and accumulated 40% more biomass in comparison with the plants grown at ambient [CO2]. These plants also had lower stomatal conductance and transpiration rates (\uffe2\uff88\uff9237 and \uffe2\uff88\uff9232%, respectively), and higher water\uffe2\uff80\uff90use efficiency (c.a. 62%). cDNA microarray analyses revealed a differential expression of 35 genes on the leaves (14 repressed and 22 induced) by elevated CO2. The latter are mainly related to photosynthesis and development. Industrial productivity analysis showed an increase of about 29% in sucrose content. These data suggest that sugarcane crops increase productivity in higher [CO2], and that this might be related, as previously observed for maize and sorghum, to transient drought stress.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Sucrose", "Light", "Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Temperature", "Humidity", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Lignin", "01 natural sciences", "Saccharum", "Plant Leaves", "Gene Expression Regulation", " Plant", "Plant Stomata", "Biomass", "Gases", "Photosynthesis", "Cellulose"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01822.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01822.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01822.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2008.01822.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-07-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-17", "title": "Light Inhibition Of Leaf Respiration In Field-Grown Eucalyptus Saligna In Whole-Tree Chambers Under Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Summer Drought", "description": "SUMMARY<p>We investigated whether the degree of light inhibition of leaf respiration (R) differs among large Eucalyptus saligna grown in whole\uffe2\uff80\uff90tree chambers and exposed to present and future atmospheric [CO2] and summer drought. Associated with month\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90month changes in temperature were concomitant changes in R in the light (Rlight) and darkness (Rdark), with both processes being more temperature dependent in well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered trees than under drought. Overall rates of Rlight and Rdark were not significantly affected by [CO2]. By contrast, overall rates of Rdark (averaged across both [CO2]) were ca. 25% lower under drought than in well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered trees. During summer, the degree of light inhibition of leaf R was greater in droughted (ca. 80% inhibition) than well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered trees (ca. 50% inhibition). Notwithstanding these treatment differences, an overall positive relationship was observed between Rlight and Rdark when data from all months/treatments were combined (R2\uffe2\uff80\uff83=\uffe2\uff80\uff830.8). Variations in Rlight were also positively correlated with rates of Rubisco activity and nitrogen concentration. Light inhibition resulted in a marked decrease in the proportion of light\uffe2\uff80\uff90saturated photosynthesis respired (i.e. reduced R/Asat). Collectively, these results highlight the need to account for light inhibition when assessing impacts of global change drivers on the carbon economy of tree canopies.</p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0106 biological sciences", "Light", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase", "Trees", "Keywords: carbon", "leaf respiration", "Photosynthesis", "Eucalyptus", "concentration (composition)", "droughts", "drought stress", "Photorespiration", "Temperature", "Rlight", "Darkness", "Photochemical Processes", "6. Clean water", "inhibition", "Droughts", "assessment method", "Elevated CO2", "Seasons", "photorespiration", "Nitrogen", "light effect", "Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase", "water", "Cell Respiration", "evergreen tree", "03 medical and health sciences", "Stress", " Physiological", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "temp Carbon balance", "global change", "580", "photosynthesis", "Drought", "Australia", "carbon dioxide", "temperature", "Water", "Plant Transpiration", "15. Life on land", "Carbon Dioxide", "Carbon", "Plant Leaves", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata", "Leaf respiration", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/51083/5/Light_inhibition_of_leaf_respiration_in_field-grown.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/51083/7/01_Crous_Light_inhibition_of_leaf_2012.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02465.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01138.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-26", "title": "Adjustments Of Water Use Efficiency By Stomatal Regulation During Drought And Recovery In The Drought-Adaptedvitishybrid Richter-110 (V.\u2003Berlandieri\u2003\u00d7\u2003V.\u2003Rupestris)", "description": "<p>The hybrid Richter\uffe2\uff80\uff90110 (Vitis berlandieri\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc3\uff97\uffe2\uff80\uff83Vitis rupestris) (R\uffe2\uff80\uff90110) has the reputation of being a genotype strongly adapted to drought. A study was performed with plants of R\uffe2\uff80\uff90110 subjected to water withholding followed by re\uffe2\uff80\uff90watering. The goal was to analyze how stomatal conductance (gs) is regulated with respect to different physiological variables under water stress and recovery, as well as how water stress affects adjustments of water use efficiency (WUE) at the leaf level. Water stress induced a substantial stomatal closure and an increase in WUE, which persisted many days after re\uffe2\uff80\uff90watering. The gs during water stress was mainly related to the content of ABA in the xylem and partly related to plant hydraulic conductivity but not to leaf water potential. By contrast, low gs during re\uffe2\uff80\uff90watering did not correlate with ABA contents and was only related to a sustained decreased hydraulic conductivity. In addition to a complex physiological regulation of stomatal closure, gs and rate of transpiration (E) were strongly affected by leaf\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) in a way dependent of the treatment. Interestingly, E increased with increasing VPD in control plants, but decreased with increasing VPD in severely stressed plants. All together, the fine stomatal regulation in R\uffe2\uff80\uff90110 resulted in very high WUE at the leaf level. This genotype is revealed to be very interesting for further studies on the physiological mechanisms leading to regulation of stomatal responsiveness and WUE in response to drought.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Picea abies", "Stomatal conductance; water use efficiency; water stress; drought; water potential; water relations; plant hydraulics; abscisic acid; vapour pressure deficit", "Water", "Plant Transpiration", "svinec", "info:eu-repo/classification/udc/581", "15. Life on land", "sadike", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Plant Leaves", "Plant Stomata", "Hybridization", " Genetic", "Vitis", "citokinin"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01138.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Physiologia%20Plantarum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01138.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01138.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2008.01138.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-05", "title": "Physiological And Biochemical Responses Ofquercus Pubescensto Air Warming And Drought On Acidic And Calcareous Soils", "description": "Abstract<p>The drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and thermo\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerant Quercus pubescens, a tree species growing on both acidic and calcareous soils in the sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90Mediterranean region, was exposed to soil drought (\uffe2\uff88\uff9260% to \uffe2\uff88\uff9280% soil water content) and air warming (+1.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83\uffc2\uffb0C daytime temperature), singly and in combination. The experiment was conducted on two natural forest soils with similar texture but different pH (acidic and calcareous soils). The physiological (photosynthesis) and biochemical (antioxidant system) responses of Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens were investigated. On acidic soil, Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens had a higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) content than on calcareous soil, confirming that this species is better adapted to the latter soil type. A down\uffe2\uff80\uff90regulation of ascorbate\uffe2\uff80\uff90glutathione cycle enzymes suggests that ROS were used as signalling molecules. Air warming stimulated stomatal opening, while soil drought induced stomatal closure in the late afternoon and reduced Rubisco carboxylation efficiency. Photosynthetic performance in the combined treatment was higher than under single drought stress and similar to control and air warming. Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens biochemical responses depended on soil pH. On acidic soil, Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens trees exposed to air warming used ROS as signalling molecules. On calcareous soil, these trees were able to balance both soil drought and air warming stress, avoiding ROS toxic effects by increasing antioxidant enzyme activitiy and maintaining a high enzymatic antioxidant defence. When combined, drought and air warming induced either more severe (higher oxidative pressure and impairment of the light\uffe2\uff80\uff90harvesting complex) or different responses (decline of the thermal energy dissipation capacity) relative to the single stressors. Overall, however, Q.\uffc2\uffa0pubescens preserved the functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus and controlled the antioxidant system response, thus confirming its drought and thermo\uffe2\uff80\uff90tolerance and therefore its potential to adapt to the ongoing climate change.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Hot Temperature", "Climate", "Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase", "Light-Harvesting Protein Complexes", "Down-Regulation", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Antioxidants", "Quercus", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "Antioxidant enzyme; ascorbate-glutathione cycle; chlorophyll a fluorescence; gas exchange; oak", "Stress", " Physiological", "Photosynthesis", "Ecosystem", "Antioxidant enzyme; ascorbate-glutathione cycle; chlorophyll a fluorescence; gas exchange; oak.", "Air", "Water", "15. Life on land", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "6. Clean water", "Droughts", "Oxidative Stress", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00627.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/pce.13758", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-20", "title": "A novel strigolactone\u2010miR156 module controls stomatal behaviour during drought recovery", "description": "Abstract<p>miR156 is a conserved microRNA whose role and induction mechanisms under stress are poorly known. Strigolactones are phytohormones needed in shoots for drought acclimation. They promote stomatal closure ABA\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependently and independently; however, downstream effectors for the former have not been identified. Linkage between miR156 and strigolactones under stress has not been reported. We compared ABA accumulation and sensitivity as well as performances of wt and miR156\uffe2\uff80\uff90overexpressing (miR156\uffe2\uff80\uff90oe) tomato plants during drought. We also quantified miR156 levels in wt, strigolactone\uffe2\uff80\uff90depleted and strigolactone\uffe2\uff80\uff90treated plants, exposed to drought stress. Under irrigated conditions, miR156 overexpression and strigolactone treatment led to lower stomatal conductance and higher ABA sensitivity. Exogenous strigolactones were sufficient for miR156 accumulation in leaves, while endogenous strigolactones were required for miR156 induction by drought. The \uffe2\uff80\uff9cafter\uffe2\uff80\uff90effect\uffe2\uff80\uff9d of drought, by which stomata do not completely re\uffe2\uff80\uff90open after rewatering, was enhanced by both strigolactones and miR156. The transcript profiles of several miR156 targets were altered in strigolactone\uffe2\uff80\uff90depleted plants. Our results show that strigolactones act as a molecular link between drought and miR156 in tomato, and identify miR156 as a mediator of ABA\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent effect of strigolactones on the after\uffe2\uff80\uff90effect of drought on stomata. Thus, we provide insights into both strigolactone and miR156 action on stomata.</p>", "keywords": ["Osmotic stress", "0301 basic medicine", "Stress-responsive microRNA", "stomata", "hormone signalling", "after-effect of drought", "abscisic acid (ABA); after-effect of drought; hormone signalling; osmotic stress; Solanum lycopersicum; stomata; stress-responsive microRNA", "Lactones", "03 medical and health sciences", "Solanum lycopersicum", "Plant Growth Regulators", "Stomata", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "Dehydration", "After-effect of drought", "15. Life on land", "Abscisic acid (ABA)", "Hormone signalling", "6. Clean water", "MicroRNAs", "RNA", " Plant", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata", "abscisic acid (ABA)", "stress-responsive microRNA", "osmotic stress", "Heterocyclic Compounds", " 3-Ring", "Abscisic Acid"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.unito.it/bitstream/2318/1764369/1/Visentin%20et%20al_PCE_R2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pce.13758"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13758"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%2C%20Cell%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/pce.13758", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/pce.13758", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/pce.13758"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0115395", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:18:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-18", "title": "Elevation-Related Variation In Leaf Stomatal Traits As A Function Of Plant Functional Type: Evidence From Changbai Mountain, China", "description": "Understanding the variation in stomatal characteristics in relation to climatic gradients can reveal the adaptation strategies of plants, and help us to predict their responses to future climate changes. In this study, we investigated stomatal density (SD) and stomatal length (SL) in 150 plant species along an elevation gradient (540-2357 m) in Changbai Mountain, China, and explored the patterns and drivers of stomatal characteristics across species and plant functional types (PFTs: trees, shrubs, and herbs). The average values of SD and SL for all species combined were 156 mm(-2) and 35 \u00b5m, respectively. SD was higher in trees (224 mm(-2)) than in shrubs (156 mm(-2)) or herbs (124 mm(-2)), and SL was largest in herbs (37 \u00b5m). SD was negatively correlated with SL in all species and PFTs (P < 0.01). The relationship between stomatal characteristics and elevation differed among PFTs. In trees, SD decreased and SL increased with elevation; in shrubs and herbs, SD initially increased and then decreased. Elevation-related differences in SL were not significant. PFT explained 7.20-17.6% of the total variation in SD and SL; the contributions of CO2 partial pressure (P CO2), precipitation, and soil water content (SWC) were weak (0.02-2.28%). Our findings suggest that elevation-related patterns of stomatal characteristics in leaves are primarily a function of PFT, and highlight the importance of differences among PFTs in modeling gas exchange in terrestrial ecosystems under global climate change.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "China", "Science", "Altitude", "Climate Change", "Q", "R", "Temperature", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "01 natural sciences", "Quantitative Trait", " Heritable", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata", "Medicine", "Ecosystem", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0115395"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLoS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0115395", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0115395", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0115395"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11585/704613", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-09-21T16:22:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-06", "title": "Disentangling the role of photosynthesis and stomatal conductance on rising forest water-use efficiency", "description": "<p>             Multiple lines of evidence suggest that plant water-use efficiency (WUE)\uffe2\uff80\uff94the ratio of carbon assimilation to water loss\uffe2\uff80\uff94has increased in recent decades. Although rising atmospheric CO             2             has been proposed as the principal cause, the underlying physiological mechanisms are still being debated, and implications for the global water cycle remain uncertain. Here, we addressed this gap using 30-y tree ring records of carbon and oxygen isotope measurements and basal area increment from 12 species in 8 North American mature temperate forests. Our goal was to separate the contributions of enhanced photosynthesis and reduced stomatal conductance to WUE trends and to assess consistency between multiple commonly used methods for estimating WUE. Our results show that tree ring-derived estimates of increases in WUE are consistent with estimates from atmospheric measurements and predictions based on an optimal balancing of carbon gains and water costs, but are lower than those based on ecosystem-scale flux observations. Although both physiological mechanisms contributed to rising WUE, enhanced photosynthesis was widespread, while reductions in stomatal conductance were modest and restricted to species that experienced moisture limitations. This finding challenges the hypothesis that rising WUE in forests is primarily the result of widespread, CO             2             -induced reductions in stomatal conductance.           </p", "keywords": ["Water-use efficiency", "Tree rings", "Water", "AmeriFlux", "Biological Sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "Models", " Biological", "01 natural sciences", "Carbon", "United States", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Plant Stomata", "Photosynthesis", "CO2 fertilization", "AmeriFlux; CO2; fertilization; Stable isotopes; Tree rings; Water-use efficiency", "Stable isotopes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/704613/4/Guerrieri%20et%20al%20PNAS%202019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11585/704613"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%20National%20Academy%20of%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11585/704613", "name": "item", "description": "11585/704613", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11585/704613"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-05T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Plant+Stomata&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Plant+Stomata&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Plant+Stomata&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Plant+Stomata&offset=15", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 15, "numberReturned": 15, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-09-22T12:52:01.822095Z"}