{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110327", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:16:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-03-26", "title": "Management of poultry manure in Poland \u2013 Current state and future perspectives", "description": "This review aimed to analyse the current state of management practices for poultry manure in Poland and present future perspectives in terms of technologies allowing closing the loops for circular economy, and thus recovery of nutrients and energy. The scope of the review focused primarily on: (1) the analysis of poultry production and generation of poultry manure with special references to quantities, properties (e.g. fertilizing properties), seasonality, etc.; (2) the overview of current practices and methods for managing poultry manure including advantages and limitations; (3) the analysis of potential and realistic threats and risk related to managing poultry manure, and also (4) the analysis of promising technologies for converting poultry manure into added value products and energy. The review addressed the following technologies: composting of poultry manure to obtain fertilizers and soil improvers, anaerobic digestion of poultry manure for energy recovery, and also pyrolysis of poultry manure into different types of biochar that can be applied in agriculture, horticulture and industry. Poultry manure is rich in macro- and micronutrients but also can contain various contaminants such as antibiotics or pesticides, and thus posing a realistic threat to soil and living organisms when applied to soil directly or after biological treatment. The main challenge in poultry manure processing is to assure sufficient closing of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous loops and safe application to soil.", "keywords": ["LITTER", "Nitrogen", "SEWAGE-SLUDGE", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Circular", "ANAEROBIC CO-DIGESTION", "02 engineering and technology", "SORPTION", "Poultry manure", "Poultry", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "METHANE", "Nutrient and energy recovery", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Animals", "BIOGAS PRODUCTION", "ORGANIC FRACTION", "Fertilizers", "PRODUCTION", "2. Zero hunger", "BIOCHAR", "PYROLYSIS", "Composting", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "Management", "Manure", "economy", "CHICKEN MANURE", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Poland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110327"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110327", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110327", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110327"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00128-007-9045-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:14:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-04-04", "title": "Zinc And Copper Toxicity To Soil Bacteria And Fungi From Zinc Polluted And Unpolluted Soils: A Comparative Study With Different Types Of Biolog Plates", "keywords": ["Microbiological Techniques", "Zinc", "Bacteria", "Fungi", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Poland", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "Copper", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9045-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Environmental%20Contamination%20and%20Toxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00128-007-9045-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00128-007-9045-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00128-007-9045-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:15:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-12", "title": "Nitrate pollution in the Warta River (Poland) between 1958 and 2016: trends and causes", "description": "The article presents analyses of long-term water quality data from the Warta River between 1958 and 2016. A clear increasing trend in nitrate concentrations was observed from 1958 to the early 1990s. This trend was mainly related to the increasing use of fertilizers in Poland in this period. Then, after the early 1990s, a slow decreasing trend related to improvements in water and sewage management and more rational fertilizer use was observed after political and economic changes in Poland. The influence of long-term hydrological droughts on nitrate concentrations was also investigated. Sharp increases in the nitrate concentration in surface water were related to the accumulation of contaminants in the soil and aeration zone during drought periods and the subsequent transport of these contaminants to groundwater and surface water via recharge infiltration after each drought period. The presented results highlight the importance of surface water-groundwater interactions and suggest that groundwater protection in an entire catchment area is essential for surface water quality protection.", "keywords": ["Nitrates", "0207 environmental engineering", "Agriculture", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Soil", "Rivers", "Water Supply", "13. Climate action", "Water Quality", "Humans", "Poland", "Fertilizers", "Groundwater under Threat from Diffuse Contaminants: Improving on-Site Sanitation", " Agriculture and Water Supply Practices", "Groundwater", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-017-9798-3"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:15:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-07", "title": "The effect of exogenous organic matter on the thermal properties of tilled soils in Poland and the Czech Republic", "description": "Organic matter improves soil fertility and water and thermal properties, but its content often decreases. This decrease may be mitigated by the addition of exogenous organic matter (EOM). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of EOMs, including compost from manure, slurry, and straw (Ag); industrial organic compost from sewage sludge (Ra); animal meal from animal by-products (Mb); and digestate from a biogas fry factory (Dg) on soil thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, water content, and bulk density in the top (0\u201315-cm) layer of two soils in Poland and the Czech Republic. Irrespective of EOM type, the total yearly nitrogen application rate being 200\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 (100%) was from a given EOM at the rates 0, 50, 75, and 100% and the remaining parts from the mineral fertilizer. The study was conducted in 2013\u20132014 in Poland (Braszowice) and the Czech Republic (Puste Jakartice) on loam silt and clay silt loam, respectively, as part of a cross-border cooperation project. The soil properties were examined using classical descriptive statistics, semivariograms, and kriging-interpolated maps. Analysis of linear regressions (trends) showed that the EOM application rate influenced (positively or negatively) the soil properties in most measurement occasions. The variability of all soil properties was low and medium (coefficient of variation 7.3\u201334%). Geostatistical analysis indicated that the spatial dependence (C0/(C0\u2009+\u2009Cs)) of the soil properties on the EOM-amended plots was very strong or moderate. The maps revealed that the heterogeneity and degree of patch fragmentation were greater for thermal conductivity and heat capacity than for thermal diffusivity, water content, and bulk density. In general, all the soil properties were spatially more variable in the Braszowice than Puste Jakartice soil and in spring than autumn in both sites. The spatial analysis and maps enhance the comprehensive understanding of changes in soil thermal properties in response to EOM application. Suitability of the results from the field experiments in models predicting some thermal properties based on soil bulk density and water content in relation to EOM addition was indicated. Expressing the amount of EOMs added using the organic carbon content basis (% kg OC/kg of soil) instead of the nitrogen content basis allowed identifying areas on the kriging-interpolated maps where the distribution of soil thermal properties resembled that of soil organic carbon content, water content, and bulk density. Thus, the effect of EOMs on soil thermal properties is considered along with changes in soil water content and bulk density. The results will be helpful in forecasting effects of exogenous organic matter on the soil thermal properties affecting surface-energy partitioning, temperature distribution in soil, and plant growth.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "recycled organic matter", "soil thermal properties", "13. Climate action", "kriging maps", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Poland", "semivariograms", "Czech Republic", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.277", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:16:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-04", "title": "Spatial relationships among cereal yields and selected soil physical andchemical properties", "description": "Sandy soils occupy large area in Poland (about 50%) and in the world. This study aimed at determining spatial relationships of cereal yields and the selected soil physical and chemical properties in three study years (2001-2003) on low productive sandy Podzol soil (Podlasie, Poland). The yields and soil properties in plough and subsoil layers were determined at 72-150 points. The test crops were: wheat, wheat and barley mixture and oats. To explore the spatial relationship between cereal yields and each soil property spatial statistics was used. The best fitting models were adjusted to empirical semivariance and cross-semivariance, which were used to draw maps using kriging. Majority of the soil properties and crop yields exhibited low and medium variability (coefficient of variation 5-70%). The effective ranges of the spatial dependence (the distance at which data are autocorrelated) for yields and all soil properties were 24.3-58.5m and 10.5-373m, respectively. Nugget to sill ratios showed that crop yields and soil properties were strongly spatially dependent except bulk density. Majority of the pairs in cross-semivariograms exhibited strong spatial interdependence. The ranges of the spatial dependence varied in plough layer between 54.6m for yield\u00d7pH up to 2433m for yield\u00d7silt content. Corresponding ranges in subsoil were 24.8m for crop yield\u00d7clay content in 2003 and 1404m for yield\u00d7bulk density. Kriging maps allowed separating sub-field area with the lowest yield and soil cation exchange capacity, organic carbon content and pH. This area had lighter color on the aerial photograph due to high content of the sand and low content of soil organic carbon. The results will help farmers at identifying sub-field areas for applying localized management practices to improve these soil properties and further spatial studies in larger scale.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "soil variability", "crop yields", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "low productive area", "Soil", "cross-semivariograms", "kriging maps", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Poland", "Edible Grain", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.277"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.277", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.277", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.03.277"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-019-56266-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:17:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-27", "title": "Determining the effect of exogenous organic materials on spatial distribution of maize yield", "description": "Abstract<p>Knowledge on spatial distribution of crop yield in relation to fixed soil fertilisation with exogenous organic materials is essential for improving precise crop and soil management practices within a field. This study assessed the effect of various application rates and types of exogenous (recycled) organic materials (EOMs) containing different organic matter and nitrogen contents vs. mineral nitrogen on the yield of maize by means of linear regressions (trends), spatial kriging-interpolated maps, and Bland-Altman statistics. The experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 on two soils, i.e. loam silt in Braszowice (Poland) and clay silt loam in Pust\uffc3\uffa9 Jakartice (Czech Republic) under a cross-border cooperation project. The organic materials included compost from manure, slurry, and straw (Ag), industrial organic compost from sewage sludge (Ra), animal meal from animal by-products (Mb), and digestate from a biogas fries factory (Dg). The following 3 application rates of each EOM were adjusted according to the reference 100%\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89200\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921: 50 (50% N from EOM and 50% mineral N), 75 (75% N from EOM and 25% mineral N), and 100 (100% N from EOM). 100% mineral N was applied on control plots. All treatments were carried out in 4 replicates. The linear regressions between the EOM application rates and the maize yield were in general ascending in the Braszowice soil and descending in the more productive Pust\uffc3\uffa9 Jakartice soil. The spatial kriging-interpolated maps allowed separating zones of lower and higher yields with EOMs compared to the control. They were attributed in part to the different EOM application rates and soil water contents. The Bland-Altaman statistics showed that addition of 50% of N from EOMs in 2013 caused a decrease and an increase in the maize grain yield in Braszowice and Pust\uffc3\uffa9 Jakartice, respectively, whereas the inverse was true with the 75 and 100% EOM additions. In 2014, the yield of maize for silage increased with the increasing EOM application rate in Braszowice and decreased in Pust\uffc3\uffa9 Jakartice, but it was smaller on all EOM-amended plots than in the control. As shown by the limits of agreement lines, the maize yields were more even in Pust\uffc3\uffa9 Jakartice than Braszowice. These results provide helpful information for selection of the most yield-producing EOM rates depending on the site soil conditions and prevalent weather conditions.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Composting", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "crop yield", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Crop Production", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "recycled organic matter", "Soil", "Bland-Altman statistics", "kriging maps", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Poland", "Fertilizers", "spatially variable application", "Czech Republic", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Usowicz, Bogus\u0142aw, Lipiec, Jerzy,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-56266-5.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-56266-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41598-019-56266-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41598-019-56266-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41598-019-56266-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41598-022-07385-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:17:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-28", "title": "Seasonal variation of pesticides in surface water and drinking water wells in the annual cycle in western Poland, and potential health risk assessment", "description": "Abstract<p>Drinking water wells on a riverbank filtration sites are exposed to contamination from farmlands (like pesticides) that had migrated from the contaminated river. In this study, pesticide contamination of the Warta River and riverbank filtration water at the Mosina-Krajkowo well field (Poland) were examined during the annual cycle. Among the 164 pesticides analysed, 25 were identified. The highest concentrations occurred in the river water and decreased along the flow path from the river to wells. Only the most persistent substances were detected at the farthest points. During the study, seasonal changes in pesticide concentrations and differences in the types of occurring substances were observed. Most substances and the highest concentrations were detected in May 2018, while the lowest number and the lowest concentrations were detected in February 2018. Spring is the period of increased exposure of water to pollution, which is correlated with increased pesticides use and increased rainfall. Seven toxic and persistent pesticides were found with the highest concentrations in water: isoproturon, nicosulfuron, imidacloprid, terbuthylazine, chlorotoluron, S-metalachlor, and prometryn. Pesticides are widely used in the study area; therefore, a potential health risk assessment was performed. The hazard quotient (HQ) values did not exceed one, which indicated a less significant health risk.</p>", "keywords": ["Science", "Drinking Water", "Q", "R", "Risk Assessment", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "6. Clean water", "Rivers", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "Poland", "Seasons", "Pesticides", "Water Pollutants", " Chemical", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-07385-z.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07385-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41598-022-07385-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41598-022-07385-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41598-022-07385-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.11588/riha.2022.2.92774", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:19:17Z", "type": "Report", "title": "0292 The Fate of the Antiquities Collection of Izabela Dzia\u0142y\u0144ska (ne\u00e9 Czartoryska)", "description": "Open AccessRIHA Journal, 2023: Special Issue 'The Fate of Antiquities in the Nazi Era'", "keywords": ["antiquities", "Fine Arts", "world war ii", "go\u0142uch\u00f3w collection", "greek vases", "war losses", "N", "16. Peace & justice", "occupied poland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Inga G\u0142uszek, Micha\u0142 Krueger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.11588/riha.2022.2.92774"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.11588/riha.2022.2.92774", "name": "item", "description": "10.11588/riha.2022.2.92774", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.11588/riha.2022.2.92774"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1515/logos-2017-0013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:19:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-23", "title": "Hydraulic conductivity changes in river valley sediments caused by river bank filtration \u2013 an analysis of specific well capacity", "description": "Abstract                <p> Parameters from archive data of the Kalisz-Lis waterworks, located in the Prosna River valley south of Kalisz, have been analysed. Well barrier discharges groundwater from Quaternary sediments which is mixed with riverbank filtration water. The analysis focused on specific well capacity, a parameter that represents the technical and natural aspects of well life. To exclude any aging factor, an examination of specific well capacity acquired only in the first pumping tests of a new well was performed. The results show that wells drilled between 1961 and 2004 have similar values of specific well capacity and prove that &gt; 40 years discharge has had little influence on hydrodynamic conditions of the aquifer, i.e., clogging has either not occurred or is of low intensity. This implies that, in the total water balance of the Kalisz- Lis well barrier, riverbank filtration water made little contribution. In comparison, a similar analysis of archive data on the Mosina-Krajkowo wells of two generations of well barriers located in the Warta flood plains was performed; this has revealed a different trend. There was a significant drop in specific well capacity from the first pumping test of substitute wells. Thus, long-term groundwater discharge in the Warta valley has had a great impact on the reduction of the hydraulic conductivity of sediments and has worsened hydrodynamic conditions due to clogging of river bed and aquifer, which implies a large contribution of riverbank filtration water in the total water well balance. For both well fields conclusions were corroborated by mathematical modeling; in Kalisz-Lis 16.2% of water comes from riverbank filtration, whereas the percentage for Mosina-Krajkowo is 78.9%.</p>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "4. Education", "0207 environmental engineering", "hydrology", "clogging", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "well fields", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "water well balance", "13. Climate action", "river valleys", "poland", "Poland", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kaczmarek, Piotr M.J.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1515/logos-2017-0013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geologos", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1515/logos-2017-0013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1515/logos-2017-0013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1515/logos-2017-0013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/ijerph19042372", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:20:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-21", "title": "How Socio-Economic Drivers Explain Landscape Soil Erosion Regulation Services in Polish Catchments", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Most studies that address the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and soil erosion focus on the effects of soil erosion on socio-economic conditions at different levels, from global to smallholder. Few, if any, efforts are made to address the influence of socio-economic variables on the soil erosion rate as an indicator of landscape degradation. The present study was carried out using spatial data from 402 catchments that cover Poland, to find out how socio-economic variables, which include area-weighted average income per capita (PLN km\u22122), area-weighted average gross domestic product (PLN km\u22122), population density (person km\u22122), and human development index can drive the soil erosion rate (kg ha\u22121 yr\u22121), along with annual precipitation, soil and geomorphological variables that include soil organic carbon content, soil water content, clay ratio, stream gradient, and terrain slope. The results showed that the soil erosion rate is indirectly driven by the socio-economic variables in the study catchments, as it is alleviated by increasing population density, the area-weighted average gross domestic product, and the human development index. Furthermore, analyzing the incremental relationship between soil erosion rate and the area-weighted average of socio-economic variables revealed that no uniform change can be observed in the relationship between the area-weighted average socio-economic variables and soil erosion in the study catchments.</p></article>", "keywords": ["HDI", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "landscape; ecosystem services; soil erosion regulation; area-weighted average income per capita; area-weighted average GDP; HDI", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Area-weighted average income per capita", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Carbon", "Area-weighted average GDP", "Soil erosion regulation", "Soil", "Socioeconomic Factors", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Ecosystem services", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Landscape", "Poland", "Environmental Monitoring", "Soil Erosion", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/2372/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/2372/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042372"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Research%20and%20Public%20Health", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/ijerph19042372", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/ijerph19042372", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/ijerph19042372"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13945384", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:22:22Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Evaluation of soil threats and ecosystem service evolution under climate, land use or management changes.", "description": "The internal EJP SOIL project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at the regional, national, and European scales.  Based on an intensive literature review and results from previous experiences in member states a scenario framework was developed (climate, land use, and management changes) and common methodologies (statistical methods, simple and/or more sophisticated models) were identified, used or validated to forecast how selected soil ecosystem services (SES) and soil threats (ST) will change according to climate, land-use and management changes. In contrast to WP5 we focus in WP3/Task 3 on forecasts of changes of various soil indicators on site, regional or national scale, and could rely on soil maps with high resolution that are maintained by several member states. Three countries out of 6 were able to give predictions for changes on the SES \u201cGHG and climate regulation\u201d. Two countries were working on the SES \u201cPrimary biomass production\u201d and could predict changes in \u201cErosion control\u201d on a national scale. \u201cHydrological control\u201d and \u201cEnvironmental pollution control\u201d was predicted in one country in 2 regions. Changes in climate, land management or land use change and their effects on ST could be predicted less often. Three countries could predict the effects ofchanges on \u201cSoil organic carbon loss\u201d and on \u201cSoil compaction\u201d, two countries estimated the loss ofsoil via erosion. Only one country each could predict effects of changes on \u201cSoil nutrient imbalance\u201dand \u201cSoil acidification\u201d and \u201cSoil sealing\u201d. Either no appropriate model or no experience was availablefor the SES \u201cHabitat for biodiversity\u201d and \u201cPest and disease control\u201d and for the ST\u2019s \u201cWaterlogging\u201d,\u201cSoil contamination\u201d, \u201cLoss of diversity\u201d and \u201cSalinization\u201d.", "keywords": ["Estonia", "land use change", "Task 3.3", "soil nutrient imbalance", "salinization", "management change", "D3.4", "soil", "Environmental pollution control", "loss of diversity", "soil compaction", "soil sealing", "Erosion control", "Soil threats", "habitat for biodiversity", "loss of soil", "Primary biomass production", "Czech Republic", "agriculture", "GHG and climate regulation", "Hydrological control", "scenario analysis", "Grant n. 862695", "Soil ecosystem services", "waterlogging", "soil organic carbon loss", "climate change", "SERENA EJPSOIL", "WP3", "Austria", "pest and disease control", "France", "Poland", "soil acidification", "Ireland", "soil contamination"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kitzler, Barbara", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13945384"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13945384", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13945384", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13945384"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.13945383", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:22:22Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2024-10-22", "title": "Evaluation of soil threats and ecosystem service evolution under climate, land use or management changes.", "description": "The internal EJP SOIL project SERENA contributed to the evaluation of soil multifunctionality aiming at providing assessment tools for land planning and soil policies at different scales. By co-working with relevant stakeholders, the project provided co-developed indicators and associated cookbooks to assess and map them, to report both on soil degradation, soil-based ecosystem services and their bundles, under actual conditions and for climate and land-use changes, at the regional, national, and European scales.  Based on an intensive literature review and results from previous experiences in member states a scenario framework was developed (climate, land use, and management changes) and common methodologies (statistical methods, simple and/or more sophisticated models) were identified, used or validated to forecast how selected soil ecosystem services (SES) and soil threats (ST) will change according to climate, land-use and management changes. In contrast to WP5 we focus in WP3/Task 3 on forecasts of changes of various soil indicators on site, regional or national scale, and could rely on soil maps with high resolution that are maintained by several member states. Three countries out of 6 were able to give predictions for changes on the SES \u201cGHG and climate regulation\u201d. Two countries were working on the SES \u201cPrimary biomass production\u201d and could predict changes in \u201cErosion control\u201d on a national scale. \u201cHydrological control\u201d and \u201cEnvironmental pollution control\u201d was predicted in one country in 2 regions. Changes in climate, land management or land use change and their effects on ST could be predicted less often. Three countries could predict the effects ofchanges on \u201cSoil organic carbon loss\u201d and on \u201cSoil compaction\u201d, two countries estimated the loss ofsoil via erosion. Only one country each could predict effects of changes on \u201cSoil nutrient imbalance\u201dand \u201cSoil acidification\u201d and \u201cSoil sealing\u201d. Either no appropriate model or no experience was availablefor the SES \u201cHabitat for biodiversity\u201d and \u201cPest and disease control\u201d and for the ST\u2019s \u201cWaterlogging\u201d,\u201cSoil contamination\u201d, \u201cLoss of diversity\u201d and \u201cSalinization\u201d.", "keywords": ["Estonia", "land use change", "Task 3.3", "soil nutrient imbalance", "salinization", "management change", "D3.4", "soil", "Environmental pollution control", "loss of diversity", "soil compaction", "soil sealing", "Erosion control", "Soil threats", "habitat for biodiversity", "loss of soil", "Primary biomass production", "Czech Republic", "agriculture", "GHG and climate regulation", "Hydrological control", "scenario analysis", "Grant n. 862695", "Soil ecosystem services", "waterlogging", "soil organic carbon loss", "climate change", "SERENA EJPSOIL", "WP3", "Austria", "pest and disease control", "France", "Poland", "soil acidification", "Ireland", "soil contamination"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kitzler, Barbara", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13945383"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.13945383", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.13945383", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.13945383"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14017261", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:22:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-07-02", "title": "SERENA EJPSOIL PL EROSION SOIL LOSS", "description": "Open AccessThe data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as\u00a0part of the EJP Soil SERENA\u00a0programme. Please keep in mind that:       It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality.     Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results\u00a0may contain inconsistencies,\u00a0depending\u00a0in particular on\u00a0the raw data\u00a0available\u00a0and level of accuracy of the techniques chosen\u00a0and\u00a0their prior knowledge\u00a0.     It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained\u00a0in order to\u00a0decide on their\u00a0relevance\u00a0in relation to the intended\u00a0purpose\u00a0of reuse.     These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use\u00a0for environmental\u00a0management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and\u00a0complementing when\u00a0necessary\u00a0the provided results with the best available data.      ==> Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["862695", "Agricultural soils", "Soil threats", "RUSLE", "Poland", "SERENA", "Soil Loss", "EJP-SOIL", "Soil Erosion"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pindral, Sylwia, Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Agnieszka, Smreczak, Bo\u017cena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14017261"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14017261", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14017261", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14017261"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14017262", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:22:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-07-02", "title": "SERENA EJPSOIL PL EROSION SOIL LOSS", "description": "Open AccessThe data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as\u00a0part of the EJP Soil SERENA\u00a0programme. Please keep in mind that:       It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality.     Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results\u00a0may contain inconsistencies,\u00a0depending\u00a0in particular on\u00a0the raw data\u00a0available\u00a0and level of accuracy of the techniques chosen\u00a0and\u00a0their prior knowledge\u00a0.     It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained\u00a0in order to\u00a0decide on their\u00a0relevance\u00a0in relation to the intended\u00a0purpose\u00a0of reuse.     These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use\u00a0for environmental\u00a0management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and\u00a0complementing when\u00a0necessary\u00a0the provided results with the best available data.      ==> Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["862695", "Agricultural soils", "Soil threats", "RUSLE", "Poland", "SERENA", "Soil Loss", "EJP-SOIL", "Soil Erosion"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pindral, Sylwia, Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Agnieszka, Smreczak, Bo\u017cena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14017262"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14017262", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14017262", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14017262"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14017678", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:22:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-06-17", "title": "SERENA EJPSOIL PL GHG NEP", "description": "Open AccessThe data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as\u00a0part of the EJP Soil SERENA\u00a0programme. Please keep in mind that:       It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality.     Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results\u00a0may contain inconsistencies,\u00a0depending\u00a0in particular on\u00a0the raw data\u00a0available\u00a0and level of accuracy of the techniques chosen\u00a0and\u00a0their prior knowledge\u00a0.     It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained\u00a0in order to\u00a0decide on their\u00a0relevance\u00a0in relation to the intended\u00a0purpose\u00a0of reuse.     These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use\u00a0for environmental\u00a0management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and\u00a0complementing when\u00a0necessary\u00a0the provided results with the best available data.      ==> Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["Agricultural Soils", "Climate Regulation", "GHG", "Poland", "Soil-based Ecosystem Services", "SERENA", "EJP-SOIL"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pindral, Sylwia, Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Agnieszka, Smreczak, Bo\u017cena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14017678"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14017678", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14017678", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14017678"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14017679", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:22:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-06-17", "title": "SERENA EJPSOIL PL GHG NEP", "description": "Open AccessThe data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as\u00a0part of the EJP Soil SERENA\u00a0programme. Please keep in mind that:       It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality.     Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results\u00a0may contain inconsistencies,\u00a0depending\u00a0in particular on\u00a0the raw data\u00a0available\u00a0and level of accuracy of the techniques chosen\u00a0and\u00a0their prior knowledge\u00a0.     It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained\u00a0in order to\u00a0decide on their\u00a0relevance\u00a0in relation to the intended\u00a0purpose\u00a0of reuse.     These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use\u00a0for environmental\u00a0management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and\u00a0complementing when\u00a0necessary\u00a0the provided results with the best available data.      ==> Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["Agricultural Soils", "Climate Regulation", "GHG", "Poland", "Soil-based Ecosystem Services", "SERENA", "EJP-SOIL"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pindral, Sylwia, Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Agnieszka, Smreczak, Bo\u017cena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14017679"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14017679", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14017679", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14017679"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14018111", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:22:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-09-10", "title": "SERENA EJPSOIL PL EROSION CONTROL SOIL MASS NOT ERODED", "description": "Open AccessThe data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as\u00a0part of the EJP Soil SERENA\u00a0programme. Please keep in mind that:       It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality.     Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results\u00a0may contain inconsistencies,\u00a0depending\u00a0in particular on\u00a0the raw data\u00a0available\u00a0and level of accuracy of the techniques chosen\u00a0and\u00a0their prior knowledge\u00a0.     It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained\u00a0in order to\u00a0decide on their\u00a0relevance\u00a0in relation to the intended\u00a0purpose\u00a0of reuse.     These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use\u00a0for environmental\u00a0management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and\u00a0complementing when\u00a0necessary\u00a0the provided results with the best available data.      ==> Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["RUSLE", "Poland", "Agricultural Land", "Erosion Control", "Soil-based Ecosystem Services", "SERENA", "EJP-SOIL", "Soil Mass Not Eroded"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pindral, Sylwia, Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Agnieszka, Smreczak, Bo\u017cena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14018111"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14018111", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14018111", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14018111"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14018112", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:22:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-09-10", "title": "SERENA EJPSOIL PL EROSION CONTROL SOIL MASS NOT ERODED", "description": "Open AccessThe data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as\u00a0part of the EJP Soil SERENA\u00a0programme. Please keep in mind that:       It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality.     Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results\u00a0may contain inconsistencies,\u00a0depending\u00a0in particular on\u00a0the raw data\u00a0available\u00a0and level of accuracy of the techniques chosen\u00a0and\u00a0their prior knowledge\u00a0.     It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained\u00a0in order to\u00a0decide on their\u00a0relevance\u00a0in relation to the intended\u00a0purpose\u00a0of reuse.     These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use\u00a0for environmental\u00a0management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and\u00a0complementing when\u00a0necessary\u00a0the provided results with the best available data.      ==> Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["RUSLE", "Poland", "Agricultural Land", "Erosion Control", "Soil-based Ecosystem Services", "SERENA", "EJP-SOIL", "Soil Mass Not Eroded"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pindral, Sylwia, Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Agnieszka, Smreczak, Bo\u017cena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14018112"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14018112", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14018112", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14018112"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14018211", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:22:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-09-10", "title": "SERENA EJPSOIL PL SOC LOSS SOC CONTENT", "description": "Open AccessThe data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as\u00a0part of the EJP Soil SERENA\u00a0programme. Please keep in mind that:       It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality.     Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results\u00a0may contain inconsistencies,\u00a0depending\u00a0in particular on\u00a0the raw data\u00a0available\u00a0and level of accuracy of the techniques chosen\u00a0and\u00a0their prior knowledge\u00a0.     It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained\u00a0in order to\u00a0decide on their\u00a0relevance\u00a0in relation to the intended\u00a0purpose\u00a0of reuse.     These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use\u00a0for environmental\u00a0management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and\u00a0complementing when\u00a0necessary\u00a0the provided results with the best available data.      ==> Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["RCP", "Agricultural Soils", "Soil threats", "Poland", "SOC content", "SOC loss", "SERENA", "EJP-SOIL"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pindral, Sylwia, Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Agnieszka, Smreczak, Bo\u017cena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14018211"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14018211", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14018211", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14018211"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14018212", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:22:25Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-09-10", "title": "SERENA EJPSOIL PL SOC LOSS SOC CONTENT", "description": "Open AccessThe data are derived from the calculation of indicators based on a standard methodology established as\u00a0part of the EJP Soil SERENA\u00a0programme. Please keep in mind that:       It is the result of a modelling exercise and does not necessarily reflect reality.     Despite the efforts made to provide reliable data, the results\u00a0may contain inconsistencies,\u00a0depending\u00a0in particular on\u00a0the raw data\u00a0available\u00a0and level of accuracy of the techniques chosen\u00a0and\u00a0their prior knowledge\u00a0.     It is necessary to consider how the results have been obtained\u00a0in order to\u00a0decide on their\u00a0relevance\u00a0in relation to the intended\u00a0purpose\u00a0of reuse.     These results are interesting from a scientific point of view, but their use\u00a0for environmental\u00a0management and policy issues should be done keeping the previous aspects in mind and\u00a0complementing when\u00a0necessary\u00a0the provided results with the best available data.      ==> Finally, it is the responsibility of the users of this information to decide whether it is appropriate to use these data and whether the data meet their needs. The authors of this resource can in no way be held responsible for the results obtained from the use of this data.", "keywords": ["RCP", "Agricultural Soils", "Soil threats", "Poland", "SOC content", "SOC loss", "SERENA", "EJP-SOIL"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pindral, Sylwia, Klimkowicz-Pawlas, Agnieszka, Smreczak, Bo\u017cena,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14018212"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14018212", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14018212", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14018212"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.4739637", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:23:14Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Nowe dane o rozmieszczeniu pluskwiak\u00f3w r\u00f3\u017cnoskrzyd\u0142ych (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) w Sudetach Zachodnich / New data on the distribution of true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in Western Sudetes", "description": "A list of true-bug species collected in Western Sudetes with 26 species new to the fauna of this region is given. The occurrence in Poland of the rarest of them is discussed. The paper also presents the history of research in this zoogeographical region of Poland. An attempt was also made to estimate the number of true bug species inhabiting the Western Sudetes.", "keywords": ["true bugs", "faunistics", "new record", "Poland", "biodiversity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4739637"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4739637", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4739637", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4739637"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/279272", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:24:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-21", "title": "How Socio-Economic Drivers Explain Landscape Soil Erosion Regulation Services in Polish Catchments", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Most studies that address the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and soil erosion focus on the effects of soil erosion on socio-economic conditions at different levels, from global to smallholder. Few, if any, efforts are made to address the influence of socio-economic variables on the soil erosion rate as an indicator of landscape degradation. The present study was carried out using spatial data from 402 catchments that cover Poland, to find out how socio-economic variables, which include area-weighted average income per capita (PLN km\u22122), area-weighted average gross domestic product (PLN km\u22122), population density (person km\u22122), and human development index can drive the soil erosion rate (kg ha\u22121 yr\u22121), along with annual precipitation, soil and geomorphological variables that include soil organic carbon content, soil water content, clay ratio, stream gradient, and terrain slope. The results showed that the soil erosion rate is indirectly driven by the socio-economic variables in the study catchments, as it is alleviated by increasing population density, the area-weighted average gross domestic product, and the human development index. Furthermore, analyzing the incremental relationship between soil erosion rate and the area-weighted average of socio-economic variables revealed that no uniform change can be observed in the relationship between the area-weighted average socio-economic variables and soil erosion in the study catchments.</p></article>", "keywords": ["HDI", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "landscape; ecosystem services; soil erosion regulation; area-weighted average income per capita; area-weighted average GDP; HDI", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Area-weighted average income per capita", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Carbon", "Area-weighted average GDP", "Soil erosion regulation", "Soil", "Socioeconomic Factors", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Ecosystem services", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Landscape", "Poland", "Environmental Monitoring", "Soil Erosion", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/2372/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/2372/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10261/279272"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Research%20and%20Public%20Health", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/279272", "name": "item", "description": "10261/279272", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/279272"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1069afa2-e7ee-4c57-8e5f-06cf489b7623", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[12.1, 41.2], [12.1, 60.0], [41.1, 60.0], [41.1, 41.2], [12.1, 41.2]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil science"}], "scheme": "Stratum"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Europe"}, {"id": "Eastern Europe"}, {"id": "Central Europe"}, {"id": "Bulgaria"}, {"id": "Czech Republic"}, {"id": "Belarus"}, {"id": "Hungary"}, {"id": "Moldova"}, {"id": "Poland"}, {"id": "Romania"}, {"id": "Russia"}, {"id": "Slovakia"}, {"id": "Ukraine"}, {"id": "Estonia"}, {"id": "Latvia"}, {"id": "Lithuania"}], "scheme": "Region"}], "updated": "2021-07-14T11:52:16", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "SOTER-based soil parameter estimates (SOTWIS) for Central and Eastern Europe, version 1.0", "description": "This harmonized set of soil parameter estimates for Central and Eastern Europe has been derived from a revised version of the 1:2.5M Soil and Terrain (SOTER) Database for Central and Eastern Europe (SOVEUR ver. 1.1) and the ISRIC-WISE soil profile database.\n\nThe land surface of Central and Eastern Europe, West of the Ural Mountains, has been characterized using 8361 unique maps or SOTER units. The corresponding GIS files include some 9500 mapped polygons, including miscellaneous units. The major soils have been described using 662 profiles, selected by national soil experts as being representative for these units. The associated soil analytical data have been derived from soil survey reports. These sources seldom hold all the physical and chemical attributes ideally required by SOTER. Gaps in the measured soil profile data have been filled using a procedure that uses taxotransfer rules, based on about 9600 soil profiles held in the WISE database, complemented with expert-rules. \n\nParameter estimates are presented by soil unit for fixed depth intervals of 0.2 m to 1 m depth for: organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH(H2O), CECsoil, CECclay, base saturation, effective CEC, aluminium saturation, CaCO3 content, gypsum content, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), electrical conductivity of saturated paste (ECe), bulk density, content of sand, silt and clay, content of coarse fragments (less than 2 mm), and available water capacity (-33 to -1500 kPa). These attributes have been identified as being useful for agro-ecological zoning, land evaluation, crop growth simulation, modelling of soil carbon stocks and change, and analyses of global environmental change. \n\nThe current parameter estimates should be seen as best estimates based on the current selection of soil profiles and data clustering procedure; taxotransfer rules have been flagged to provide an indication of the confidence in the derived data.\n\nResults are presented as summary files and can be linked to the 1:2.5M scale SOVEUR map in a GIS, through the unique SOTER-unit code. The secondary data are considered appropriate for studies at the continental scale (greater than 1:2.5 million); correlation of soil analytical data should be done more rigorously when more detailed scientific work is considered.", "formats": [{"name": "zip"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["calcium", "carbon", "cation exchange capacity", "electrical conductivity", "nitrogen", "organic matter", "bulk density", "soil profiles", "pH", "salinity", "texture", "water holding capacity", "nutrients", "Soil science", "Europe", "Eastern Europe", "Central Europe", "Bulgaria", "Czech Republic", "Belarus", "Hungary", "Moldova", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Slovakia", "Ukraine", "Estonia", "Latvia", "Lithuania"], "contacts": [{"name": "Niels Batjes", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Senior Soil Scientist", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "niels.batjes@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "denominator": "2500000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/sotwis/SOTWIS_SOVEUR_v1.zip", "name": "Download", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/projects/harmonized-continental-soter-derived-database-sotwis", "name": "Project webpage", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/sites/default/files/isric_report_2000_02a.pdf", "name": "Report", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/thumbnails/sotwis/SOTWIS_SOVEUR_v2.jpg", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1069afa2-e7ee-4c57-8e5f-06cf489b7623", "name": "item", "description": "1069afa2-e7ee-4c57-8e5f-06cf489b7623", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1069afa2-e7ee-4c57-8e5f-06cf489b7623"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1930-07-01T00:00:00Z", "1997-09-01T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "2795736439", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:25:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-04", "title": "Spatial relationships among cereal yields and selected soil physical and chemical properties", "description": "Sandy soils occupy large area in Poland (about 50%) and in the world. This study aimed at determining spatial relationships of cereal yields and the selected soil physical and chemical properties in three study years (2001-2003) on low productive sandy Podzol soil (Podlasie, Poland). The yields and soil properties in plough and subsoil layers were determined at 72-150 points. The test crops were: wheat, wheat and barley mixture and oats. To explore the spatial relationship between cereal yields and each soil property spatial statistics was used. The best fitting models were adjusted to empirical semivariance and cross-semivariance, which were used to draw maps using kriging. Majority of the soil properties and crop yields exhibited low and medium variability (coefficient of variation 5-70%). The effective ranges of the spatial dependence (the distance at which data are autocorrelated) for yields and all soil properties were 24.3-58.5m and 10.5-373m, respectively. Nugget to sill ratios showed that crop yields and soil properties were strongly spatially dependent except bulk density. Majority of the pairs in cross-semivariograms exhibited strong spatial interdependence. The ranges of the spatial dependence varied in plough layer between 54.6m for yield\u00d7pH up to 2433m for yield\u00d7silt content. Corresponding ranges in subsoil were 24.8m for crop yield\u00d7clay content in 2003 and 1404m for yield\u00d7bulk density. Kriging maps allowed separating sub-field area with the lowest yield and soil cation exchange capacity, organic carbon content and pH. This area had lighter color on the aerial photograph due to high content of the sand and low content of soil organic carbon. The results will help farmers at identifying sub-field areas for applying localized management practices to improve these soil properties and further spatial studies in larger scale.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "soil variability", "crop yields", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "low productive area", "Soil", "cross-semivariograms", "kriging maps", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Poland", "Edible Grain", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/2795736439"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2795736439", "name": "item", "description": "2795736439", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2795736439"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2966823696", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:25:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-07", "title": "The effect of exogenous organic matter on the thermal properties of tilled soils in Poland and the Czech Republic", "description": "Organic matter improves soil fertility and water and thermal properties, but its content often decreases. This decrease may be mitigated by the addition of exogenous organic matter (EOM). The aim of this study was to assess the effect of EOMs, including compost from manure, slurry, and straw (Ag); industrial organic compost from sewage sludge (Ra); animal meal from animal by-products (Mb); and digestate from a biogas fry factory (Dg) on soil thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal diffusivity, water content, and bulk density in the top (0\u201315-cm) layer of two soils in Poland and the Czech Republic. Irrespective of EOM type, the total yearly nitrogen application rate being 200\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 (100%) was from a given EOM at the rates 0, 50, 75, and 100% and the remaining parts from the mineral fertilizer. The study was conducted in 2013\u20132014 in Poland (Braszowice) and the Czech Republic (Puste Jakartice) on loam silt and clay silt loam, respectively, as part of a cross-border cooperation project. The soil properties were examined using classical descriptive statistics, semivariograms, and kriging-interpolated maps. Analysis of linear regressions (trends) showed that the EOM application rate influenced (positively or negatively) the soil properties in most measurement occasions. The variability of all soil properties was low and medium (coefficient of variation 7.3\u201334%). Geostatistical analysis indicated that the spatial dependence (C0/(C0\u2009+\u2009Cs)) of the soil properties on the EOM-amended plots was very strong or moderate. The maps revealed that the heterogeneity and degree of patch fragmentation were greater for thermal conductivity and heat capacity than for thermal diffusivity, water content, and bulk density. In general, all the soil properties were spatially more variable in the Braszowice than Puste Jakartice soil and in spring than autumn in both sites. The spatial analysis and maps enhance the comprehensive understanding of changes in soil thermal properties in response to EOM application. Suitability of the results from the field experiments in models predicting some thermal properties based on soil bulk density and water content in relation to EOM addition was indicated. Expressing the amount of EOMs added using the organic carbon content basis (% kg OC/kg of soil) instead of the nitrogen content basis allowed identifying areas on the kriging-interpolated maps where the distribution of soil thermal properties resembled that of soil organic carbon content, water content, and bulk density. Thus, the effect of EOMs on soil thermal properties is considered along with changes in soil water content and bulk density. The results will be helpful in forecasting effects of exogenous organic matter on the soil thermal properties affecting surface-energy partitioning, temperature distribution in soil, and plant growth.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "recycled organic matter", "soil thermal properties", "13. Climate action", "kriging maps", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Poland", "semivariograms", "Czech Republic", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bogus\u0142aw Usowicz, Jerzy Lipiec,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11368-019-02388-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2966823696"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2966823696", "name": "item", "description": "2966823696", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2966823696"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2996829913", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:25:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-27", "title": "Determining the effect of exogenous organic materials on spatial distribution of maize yield", "description": "Abstract<p>Knowledge on spatial distribution of crop yield in relation to fixed soil fertilisation with exogenous organic materials is essential for improving precise crop and soil management practices within a field. This study assessed the effect of various application rates and types of exogenous (recycled) organic materials (EOMs) containing different organic matter and nitrogen contents vs. mineral nitrogen on the yield of maize by means of linear regressions (trends), spatial kriging-interpolated maps, and Bland-Altman statistics. The experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 on two soils, i.e. loam silt in Braszowice (Poland) and clay silt loam in Pust\uffc3\uffa9 Jakartice (Czech Republic) under a cross-border cooperation project. The organic materials included compost from manure, slurry, and straw (Ag), industrial organic compost from sewage sludge (Ra), animal meal from animal by-products (Mb), and digestate from a biogas fries factory (Dg). The following 3 application rates of each EOM were adjusted according to the reference 100%\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89200\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921: 50 (50% N from EOM and 50% mineral N), 75 (75% N from EOM and 25% mineral N), and 100 (100% N from EOM). 100% mineral N was applied on control plots. All treatments were carried out in 4 replicates. The linear regressions between the EOM application rates and the maize yield were in general ascending in the Braszowice soil and descending in the more productive Pust\uffc3\uffa9 Jakartice soil. The spatial kriging-interpolated maps allowed separating zones of lower and higher yields with EOMs compared to the control. They were attributed in part to the different EOM application rates and soil water contents. The Bland-Altaman statistics showed that addition of 50% of N from EOMs in 2013 caused a decrease and an increase in the maize grain yield in Braszowice and Pust\uffc3\uffa9 Jakartice, respectively, whereas the inverse was true with the 75 and 100% EOM additions. In 2014, the yield of maize for silage increased with the increasing EOM application rate in Braszowice and decreased in Pust\uffc3\uffa9 Jakartice, but it was smaller on all EOM-amended plots than in the control. As shown by the limits of agreement lines, the maize yields were more even in Pust\uffc3\uffa9 Jakartice than Braszowice. These results provide helpful information for selection of the most yield-producing EOM rates depending on the site soil conditions and prevalent weather conditions.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Composting", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "crop yield", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Crop Production", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "recycled organic matter", "Soil", "Bland-Altman statistics", "kriging maps", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Poland", "Fertilizers", "spatially variable application", "Czech Republic", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Usowicz, Bogus\u0142aw, Lipiec, Jerzy,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-56266-5.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2996829913"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientific%20Reports", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2996829913", "name": "item", "description": "2996829913", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2996829913"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "29758908", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:25:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-04", "title": "Spatial relationships among cereal yields and selected soil physical and chemical properties", "description": "Sandy soils occupy large area in Poland (about 50%) and in the world. This study aimed at determining spatial relationships of cereal yields and the selected soil physical and chemical properties in three study years (2001-2003) on low productive sandy Podzol soil (Podlasie, Poland). The yields and soil properties in plough and subsoil layers were determined at 72-150 points. The test crops were: wheat, wheat and barley mixture and oats. To explore the spatial relationship between cereal yields and each soil property spatial statistics was used. The best fitting models were adjusted to empirical semivariance and cross-semivariance, which were used to draw maps using kriging. Majority of the soil properties and crop yields exhibited low and medium variability (coefficient of variation 5-70%). The effective ranges of the spatial dependence (the distance at which data are autocorrelated) for yields and all soil properties were 24.3-58.5m and 10.5-373m, respectively. Nugget to sill ratios showed that crop yields and soil properties were strongly spatially dependent except bulk density. Majority of the pairs in cross-semivariograms exhibited strong spatial interdependence. The ranges of the spatial dependence varied in plough layer between 54.6m for yield\u00d7pH up to 2433m for yield\u00d7silt content. Corresponding ranges in subsoil were 24.8m for crop yield\u00d7clay content in 2003 and 1404m for yield\u00d7bulk density. Kriging maps allowed separating sub-field area with the lowest yield and soil cation exchange capacity, organic carbon content and pH. This area had lighter color on the aerial photograph due to high content of the sand and low content of soil organic carbon. The results will help farmers at identifying sub-field areas for applying localized management practices to improve these soil properties and further spatial studies in larger scale.", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "soil variability", "crop yields", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "low productive area", "Soil", "cross-semivariograms", "kriging maps", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Poland", "Edible Grain", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/29758908"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "29758908", "name": "item", "description": "29758908", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/29758908"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "PMC8872238", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:28:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-21", "title": "How Socio-Economic Drivers Explain Landscape Soil Erosion Regulation Services in Polish Catchments", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Most studies that address the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and soil erosion focus on the effects of soil erosion on socio-economic conditions at different levels, from global to smallholder. Few, if any, efforts are made to address the influence of socio-economic variables on the soil erosion rate as an indicator of landscape degradation. The present study was carried out using spatial data from 402 catchments that cover Poland, to find out how socio-economic variables, which include area-weighted average income per capita (PLN km\u22122), area-weighted average gross domestic product (PLN km\u22122), population density (person km\u22122), and human development index can drive the soil erosion rate (kg ha\u22121 yr\u22121), along with annual precipitation, soil and geomorphological variables that include soil organic carbon content, soil water content, clay ratio, stream gradient, and terrain slope. The results showed that the soil erosion rate is indirectly driven by the socio-economic variables in the study catchments, as it is alleviated by increasing population density, the area-weighted average gross domestic product, and the human development index. Furthermore, analyzing the incremental relationship between soil erosion rate and the area-weighted average of socio-economic variables revealed that no uniform change can be observed in the relationship between the area-weighted average socio-economic variables and soil erosion in the study catchments.</p></article>", "keywords": ["HDI", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "landscape; ecosystem services; soil erosion regulation; area-weighted average income per capita; area-weighted average GDP; HDI", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Area-weighted average income per capita", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Carbon", "Area-weighted average GDP", "Soil erosion regulation", "Soil", "Socioeconomic Factors", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Ecosystem services", "Humans", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Landscape", "Poland", "Environmental Monitoring", "Soil Erosion", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/2372/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/4/2372/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/PMC8872238"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Research%20and%20Public%20Health", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "PMC8872238", "name": "item", "description": "PMC8872238", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PMC8872238"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1c2af514-cc4f-4c16-b452-b38ecd952a3a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [], "scheme": "https://rod.eionet.europa.eu/obligations"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2011 1.1.1"}], "scheme": "https://applications.eea.europa.eu/ManagementPlan/default.aspx#"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Industry"}, {"id": "Air pollution"}], "scheme": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes"}, {"concepts": [], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Lithuania"}, {"id": "Slovakia"}, {"id": "Finland"}, {"id": "Malta"}, {"id": "Cyprus"}, {"id": "Latvia"}, {"id": "Norway"}, {"id": "Germany"}, {"id": "United Kingdom"}, {"id": "Portugal"}, {"id": "Austria"}, {"id": "Slovenia"}, {"id": "Iceland"}, {"id": "Liechtenstein"}, {"id": "Belgium"}, {"id": "Switzerland"}, {"id": "Italy"}, {"id": "Greece"}, {"id": "Poland"}, {"id": "France"}, {"id": "Bulgaria"}, {"id": "Netherlands"}, {"id": "Romania"}, {"id": "Hungary"}, {"id": "Denmark"}, {"id": "Luxembourg"}, {"id": "Estonia"}, {"id": "Spain"}, {"id": "Sweden"}, {"id": "Czechia"}, {"id": "Ireland"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/thesaurus/naturalearth-and-seavox"}], "rights": "License CC-BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Copyright holder: Directorate-General for Environment (DG ENV).", "updated": "2026-02-09T18:09:34.756653Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2016-09-14T11:02:41+00:00", "language": "eng", "title": "Diffuse Air Releases (Art 8) under the European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) Regulation", "description": "The European Pollutant Release and Transfer Register (E-PRTR) is a web-based register established by Regulation (EC) No 166/2006 which implements the UNECE PRTR Protocol.", "formats": [{"name": "GeoTIFF"}, {"name": "EEA:FOLDERPATH"}, {"name": "WWW:URL"}], "keywords": ["2011 1.1.1", "Industry", "Air pollution", "Lithuania", "Slovakia", "Finland", "Malta", "Cyprus", "Latvia", "Norway", "Germany", "United Kingdom", "Portugal", "Austria", "Slovenia", "Iceland", "Liechtenstein", "Belgium", "Switzerland", "Italy", "Greece", "Poland", "France", "Bulgaria", "Netherlands", "Romania", "Hungary", "Denmark", "Luxembourg", "Estonia", "Spain", "Sweden", "Czechia", "Ireland"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "http://www.eea.europa.eu#organization", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "Directorate-General for Environment (DG ENV)", "position": null, "roles": ["processor"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/environment/index_en.htm", "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": null, "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}], "denominator": "1000000", "distanceuom": "m"}, "links": [{"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/webdav/datastore/public/eea_v_4326_1_mio_diffuse-air-releases-e-prtr_p_2008_v01_r00", "protocol": "EEA:FOLDERPATH", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/data/1c2af514-cc4f-4c16-b452-b38ecd952a3a", "name": "Direct download", "description": "The set of 32 maps shows the distribution of air pollutant emissions from diffuse sources. The data is based on a scale of 5 by 5 km grid and includes details of nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulphur oxides (SOx), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2) and particulate matter (PM10). 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"Soil"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Urban waste water sensitive areas - nutrient sensitive areas (Water Framework Directive)"}, {"id": "Directive 91/676/EEC"}, {"id": "Directive 2006/7/EC"}, {"id": "Directive 91/271/EEC"}, {"id": "Designated waters (Water Framework Directive)"}, {"id": "Bathing water sites (Bathing Water Directive)"}, {"id": "Bathing waters - recreational waters (Water Framework Directive)"}, {"id": "Protected areas (Water Framework Directive)"}, {"id": "Drinking water protection areas (Water Framework Directive)"}, {"id": "Nitrate vulnerable zones - nutrient sensitive areas (Water Framework Directive)"}, {"id": "Directive 2000/60/EC"}], "scheme": "INSPIRE priority data set"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive - National Implementation Programme"}, {"id": "Water Framework Directive - River Basin Management Plans - 2016 RBDSUCA XML data"}, {"id": "Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive - 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This study assessed the effect of various application rates and types of exogenous (recycled) organic materials (EOMs) containing different organic matter and nitrogen contents vs. mineral nitrogen on the yield of maize by means of linear regressions (trends), spatial kriging-interpolated maps, and Bland-Altman statistics. The experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 on two soils, i.e. loam silt in Braszowice (Poland) and clay silt loam in Pust\uffc3\uffa9 Jakartice (Czech Republic) under a cross-border cooperation project. The organic materials included compost from manure, slurry, and straw (Ag), industrial organic compost from sewage sludge (Ra), animal meal from animal by-products (Mb), and digestate from a biogas fries factory (Dg). The following 3 application rates of each EOM were adjusted according to the reference 100%\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89200\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921: 50 (50% N from EOM and 50% mineral N), 75 (75% N from EOM and 25% mineral N), and 100 (100% N from EOM). 100% mineral N was applied on control plots. All treatments were carried out in 4 replicates. The linear regressions between the EOM application rates and the maize yield were in general ascending in the Braszowice soil and descending in the more productive Pust\uffc3\uffa9 Jakartice soil. The spatial kriging-interpolated maps allowed separating zones of lower and higher yields with EOMs compared to the control. They were attributed in part to the different EOM application rates and soil water contents. The Bland-Altaman statistics showed that addition of 50% of N from EOMs in 2013 caused a decrease and an increase in the maize grain yield in Braszowice and Pust\uffc3\uffa9 Jakartice, respectively, whereas the inverse was true with the 75 and 100% EOM additions. In 2014, the yield of maize for silage increased with the increasing EOM application rate in Braszowice and decreased in Pust\uffc3\uffa9 Jakartice, but it was smaller on all EOM-amended plots than in the control. As shown by the limits of agreement lines, the maize yields were more even in Pust\uffc3\uffa9 Jakartice than Braszowice. These results provide helpful information for selection of the most yield-producing EOM rates depending on the site soil conditions and prevalent weather conditions.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Composting", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "crop yield", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Crop Production", "6. Clean water", "12. 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The boundaries delimitation was proposed and agreed by the signatories of the Partnership agreement, the EEA and the Secretariat of the Carpathian Convention (SCC).", "formats": [{"name": "SHP"}, {"name": "EEA:FOLDERPATH"}, {"name": "WWW:URL"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "ESRI:REST"}], "keywords": ["Area management/restriction/regulation zones and reporting units", "mountain ecosystem", "biogeographical region", "ecozone", "Romania", "Hungary", "Poland", "Slovakia", "Ukraine", "Serbia", "Czechia", "Regional", "Biodiversity", "Land use"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sdi@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "http://www.eea.europa.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": 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"name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2016-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2016-04-15T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "f23391fd-2524-42be-91cb-27d930d6a099", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-31.29, 27.64], [-31.29, 70.08], [31.57, 70.08], [31.57, 27.64], [-31.29, 27.64]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "Land use"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "environmental pressure"}, {"id": "soil"}, {"id": "heavy metal"}, {"id": "cadmium"}, {"id": "copper"}, {"id": "concentration (value)"}, {"id": "soil degradation"}, {"id": "zinc"}, {"id": "lead"}, {"id": "ecosystem degradation"}, {"id": "agricultural land"}, {"id": "land use"}, {"id": "nutrient"}, {"id": "soil 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The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of agricultural intensification in Europe, and to understand its environmental impact. Metal concentrations in soils were used from two consecutive Europe-wide geochemical surveys, sampled in 1998 (FOREGS survey) and 2009 (GEMAS survey). For land use, the 2010 Eurostat data were used. \n\nThe metals included in this data set are cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). The results on the fate of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) are included in a separate dataset. Cu and Zn are minor nutrients but at high inputs, they may cause adverse impacts on soil biodiversity, whereas Cd and Pb are toxic metals that may lead to soil degradation, by both affecting soil biodiversity and food quality. Metal budgets based on spatially explicit input and output data were calculated using the INTEGRATOR model; approximately 40,000 so-called NCUs as unique combinations of soil type, administrative region, slope class and altitude class were used. Available critical limits for food, water and soil organisms, from different existing regulations and studies, were converted to soil property-dependent critical metal concentrations (soil-based quality standards), which were then used to calculate critical metal inputs. \n\nThe results allow for the first time to identifying spatial hot spots for critical environmental impact of soil pollution for the four most abundant heavy metals. It thus informs policy processes important for planning and guiding sustainable agriculture and soil management. The work is methodologically novel, as it applies endpoint risk to thresholds in soils, and thus guides future impact studies. Updates with more recent land use and soil data are now possible.\n\nThe description of the included model results and the reference report is provided under \"lineage\". The data set is provided as SHP and also in a GDB, the latter including as well the N and P concentrations. 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The Urban Heat Island intensity exacerbates high temperatures in cities and thus may pose additional risks to human thermal comfort and health.\nThe UHI intensity is represented by spatial P90 (90th percentile) urban heat island intensity of a given city (\"P90\" field in the dataset). This indicator is calculated by subtracting the rural (non-water) spatial P10 (10th percentile) temperature value from the average, height-corrected (to exclude terrain effects), air temperature map. This indicator represents the specific exposure of single cities and due to the height correction will be comparable across Europe.\nThe dataset has been created by VITO within the Copernicus Health contract for C3S and is based on UrbClim model (De Ridder et al. 2015). The 100 European cities for the urban simulations were selected based on user requirements within the health community.", "formats": [{"name": "SHP"}, {"name": "EEA:FOLDERPATH"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "WWW:URL"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}, {"name": "ESRI:REST"}], "keywords": ["Atmospheric conditions", "Meteorological geographical features", "climate", "climate change impact", "urban environment", " urban stress", "climate change adaptation", "urban area", "Norway", "Finland", "Germany", "Lithuania", "Spain", "Austria", "Croatia", "Belgium", "Ireland", "Romania", "Albania", "Switzerland", "France", "Italy", "Montenegro", "Poland", "Denmark", "Serbia", "United Kingdom", "Portugal", "Luxembourg", "Netherlands", "Slovenia", "North Macedonia", "Sweden", "Bosnia and Herzegovina", "Slovakia", "Hungary", "Czechia", "Iceland", "Latvia", "Bulgaria", "Greece", "Estonia", "European", "Climate adaptation"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sdi@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "denominator": "100000", "edition": "01.00"}, "links": [{"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/webdav/datastore/public/eea_v_4326_100_k_uhi-intensity_p_2008-2017_v01_r00/", "protocol": "EEA:FOLDERPATH", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/en/knowledge/tools/urban-adaptation", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/data/8b6a3182-0889-4109-ad22-a021e3126b60", "name": "Direct download", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://climate.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/services/UAMV/Urban_Heat_Island_Intensity/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://climate.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/UAMV/Urban_Heat_Island_Intensity/MapServer", "protocol": "ESRI:REST", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/8b6a3182-0889-4109-ad22-a021e3126b60.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "8b6a3182-0889-4109-ad22-a021e3126b60", "name": "item", "description": "8b6a3182-0889-4109-ad22-a021e3126b60", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/8b6a3182-0889-4109-ad22-a021e3126b60"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["2008-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2017-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "f9f23e4f-903a-4dfe-bfc4-0e6bf362b09a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[12.1, 41.2], [12.1, 60.0], [41.1, 60.0], [41.1, 41.2], [12.1, 41.2]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil science"}], "scheme": "Stratum"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Europe"}, {"id": "Eastern Europe"}, {"id": "Central Europe"}, {"id": "Bulgaria"}, {"id": "Czech Republic"}, {"id": "Belarus"}, {"id": "Hungary"}, {"id": "Moldova"}, {"id": "Poland"}, {"id": "Romania"}, {"id": "Russia"}, {"id": "Slovakia"}, {"id": "Ukraine"}, {"id": "Estonia"}, {"id": "Latvia"}, {"id": "Lithuania"}], "scheme": "Region"}], "updated": "2021-07-14T11:51:39", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "SOTER-based soil parameter estimates (SOTWIS) for Central and Eastern Europe, version 2.0", "description": "This harmonized set of soil parameter estimates for Central and Eastern Europe has been derived from a revised version of the 1:2.5M Soil and Terrain (SOTER) Database for Central and Eastern Europe (SOVEUR ver. 1.1) and the ISRIC-WISE soil profile database.\n\nThe land surface of Central and Eastern Europe, West of the Ural Mountains, has been characterized using 8361 unique maps or SOTER units. The corresponding GIS files include some 9500 mapped polygons, including miscellaneous units. The major soils have been described using 662 profiles, selected by national soil experts as being representative for these units. The associated soil analytical data have been derived from soil survey reports. These sources seldom hold all the physical and chemical attributes ideally required by SOTER. Gaps in the measured soil profile data have been filled using a procedure that uses taxotransfer rules, based on about 9600 soil profiles held in the WISE database, complemented with expert-rules. \n\nParameter estimates are presented by soil unit for fixed depth intervals of 0.2 m to 1 m depth for: organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH(H2O), CECsoil, CECclay, base saturation, effective CEC, aluminium saturation, CaCO3 content, gypsum content, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), electrical conductivity of saturated paste (ECe), bulk density, content of sand, silt and clay, content of coarse fragments (less than 2 mm), and available water capacity (-33 to -1500 kPa). These attributes have been identified as being useful for agro-ecological zoning, land evaluation, crop growth simulation, modelling of soil carbon stocks and change, and analyses of global environmental change. \n\nThe current parameter estimates should be seen as best estimates based on the current selection of soil profiles and data clustering procedure; taxotransfer rules have been flagged to provide an indication of the confidence in the derived data.\n\nResults are presented as summary files and can be linked to the 1:2.5M scale SOVEUR map in a GIS, through the unique SOTER-unit code. The secondary data are considered appropriate for studies at the continental scale (greater than1:2.5 million); correlation of soil analytical data should be done more rigorously when more detailed scientific work is considered.", "formats": [{"name": "zip"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["calcium", "carbon", "cation exchange capacity", "electrical conductivity", "nitrogen", "organic matter", "bulk density", "soil profiles", "pH", "salinity", "texture", "water holding capacity", "nutrients", "Soil science", "Europe", "Eastern Europe", "Central Europe", "Bulgaria", "Czech Republic", "Belarus", "Hungary", "Moldova", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Slovakia", "Ukraine", "Estonia", "Latvia", "Lithuania"], "contacts": [{"name": "Niels Batjes", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Senior Soil Scientist", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "niels.batjes@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "denominator": "2500000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/sotwis/SOTWIS_SOVEUR_v2.zip", "name": "Download", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/projects/harmonized-continental-soter-derived-database-sotwis", "name": "Project webpage", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/sites/default/files/isric_report_2000_02a.pdf", "name": "Report", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/thumbnails/sotwis/SOTWIS_SOVEUR_v2.jpg", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "f9f23e4f-903a-4dfe-bfc4-0e6bf362b09a", "name": "item", "description": "f9f23e4f-903a-4dfe-bfc4-0e6bf362b09a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/f9f23e4f-903a-4dfe-bfc4-0e6bf362b09a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1930-07-01T00:00:00Z", "1997-09-01T00:00:00Z"]}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Poland&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Poland&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Poland&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Poland&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 72, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-05-02T08:34:46.168762Z"}