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Measurements of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture are essential for understanding the complex soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93crop\uffe2\uff80\uff93climate processes, but there are practical and economic limits to the spatial and temporal extent over which measurements can be made. Therefore, N2O models have an important role to play. As models are comparatively cheap to run, they can be used to extrapolate field measurements to regional or national scales, to simulate emissions over long time periods, or to run scenarios to compare mitigation practices. Process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based models can also be used as an aid to understanding the underlying processes, as they can simulate feedbacks and interactions that can be difficult to distinguish in the field. However, when applying models, it is important to understand the conceptual process differences in models, how conceptual understanding changed over time in various models, and the model requirements and limitations to ensure that the model is well suited to the purpose of the investigation and the type of system being simulated. The aim of this paper is to give the reader a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90level overview of some of the important issues that should be considered when modeling. This includes conceptual understanding of widely used models, common modeling techniques such as calibration and validation, assessing model fit, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty assessment. We also review examples of N2O modeling for different purposes and describe three commonly used process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based N2O models (APSIM, DayCent, and DNDC).Establishing parkland agroforestry on currently treeless cropland in the West African Sahel may help mitigate climate change. To evaluate its potential, we used climatically suitable ranges for parklands for 19 climate scenarios, derived by ecological niche modeling, for estimating potential carbon stocks in parkland and treeless cropland. A biocarbon business model was used to evaluate profitability of hypothetical Terrestrial Carbon Projects (TCPs), across a range of farm sizes, farm numbers, carbon prices and benefit sharing mechanisms. Using climate analogues, we explored potential climate change trajectories for selected locations. If mature parklands covered their maximum range, carbon stocks in Sahelian productive land would be about 1,284\uffc2\uffa0Tg, compared to 725\uffc2\uffa0Tg in a treeless scenario. Due to slow increase rates of total system carbon by 0.4\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 a\uffe2\uff88\uff921, most TCPs at carbon prices that seem realistic today were not feasible, or required the participation of large numbers of farmers. For small farms, few TCP scenarios were feasible, and low Net Present Values for farmers made it unlikely that carbon payments would motivate many to participate in TCPs, unless additional benefits were provided. Climate analogue locations indicated an uncertain climate trajectory for the Sahel, but most scenarios projected increasing aridity and reduced suitability for parklands. The potentially severe impacts of climate change on Sahelian ecosystems and the uncertain profitability of TCPs make the Sahel highly risky for carbon investments. Given the likelihood of degrading environmental conditions, the search for appropriate adaptation strategies should take precedence over promoting mitigation activities.

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Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Drivers and Impacts of Tropical Deforestation", "Finance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Climatic%20Change", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.08.010", "type": 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\u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0641\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a: (1) \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u0648 (2) \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062c\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642 \u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u064a\u062b\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u0628\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627). \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0623\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0629 LAPSUS_LS \u0644\u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 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\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631. \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f 1.0 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 1.5 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062d\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0631 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0642 1.5 \u0645\u062a\u0631. \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062b\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a. \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0629. \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u062a LAPSUS_LS \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062d \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0630\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 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Climate action", "Environmental Science", "Cohesion", "Mathematics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.08.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.08.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.08.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.08.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.051", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-31T06:56:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-17", "title": "Correcting A Fundamental Error In Greenhouse Gas Accounting Related To Bioenergy", "description": "Open AccessISSN:0301-4215", "keywords": ["Bioenergy; Greenhouse gas emissions; Greenhouse gas accounting", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Greenhouse gas accounting", "02 engineering and technology", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "Viewpoint", "Energy(all)", "13. Climate action", "Greenhouse gas emissions", "11. Sustainability", "ddc:550", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "greenhouse gas; bioenergy; sustainable development", "Bioenergy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.051"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Energy%20Policy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.051", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.051", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.02.051"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.enpol.2012.04.066", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-31T06:56:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-30", "title": "Dependency Of Global Primary Bioenergy Crop Potentials In 2050 On Food Systems, Yields, Biodiversity Conservation And Political Stability", "description": "The future bioenergy crop potential depends on (1) changes in the food system (food demand, agricultural technology), (2) political stability and investment security, (3) biodiversity conservation, (4) avoidance of long carbon payback times from deforestation, and (5) energy crop yields. Using a biophysical biomass-balance model, we analyze how these factors affect global primary bioenergy potentials in 2050. The model calculates biomass supply and demand balances for eleven world regions, eleven food categories, seven food crop types and two livestock categories, integrating agricultural forecasts and scenarios with a consistent global land use and NPP database. The TREND scenario results in a global primary bioenergy potential of 77\u00a0EJ/yr, alternative assumptions on food-system changes result in a range of 26-141\u00a0EJ/yr. Exclusion of areas for biodiversity conservation and inaccessible land in failed states reduces the bioenergy potential by up to 45%. Optimistic assumptions on future energy crop yields increase the potential by up to 48%, while pessimistic assumptions lower the potential by 26%. We conclude that the design of sustainable bioenergy crop production policies needs to resolve difficult trade-offs such as food vs. energy supply, renewable energy vs. biodiversity conservation or yield growth vs. reduction of environmental problems of intensive agriculture.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Article", "12. Responsible consumption", "Energy(all)", "Food system", "13. Climate action", "Conflicting land-uses", "11. Sustainability", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Bioenergy potential", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.04.066"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Energy%20Policy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.enpol.2012.04.066", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.enpol.2012.04.066", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.enpol.2012.04.066"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2015.04.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T06:57:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-26", "title": "Historical Agriculture And Contemporary Fire Frequency Alter Soil Properties In Longleaf Pine Woodlands", "description": "Abstract Historical agriculture and contemporary disturbances such as fire can each affect soil properties, but the relative impact of their separate and combined effects is poorly understood. We investigated the effects of historical agriculture and contemporary fire frequency on soil properties of longleaf pine woodlands in the Southeastern United States. We sampled 24 pairs of sites from adjacent former agricultural and remnant longleaf pine woodlands based on high (\u2a7e\u00a0four since 1971) and low (", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Nature and Landscape Conservation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lauren E. Bizzari, Lars A. Brudvig, Cathy D. Collins, Ellen I. Damschen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.04.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2015.04.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2015.04.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.04.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envsci.2011.07.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T06:56:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-14", "title": "Carbon Accounting And The Climate Politics Of Forestry", "description": "AbstractMany proposals have been made for the more successful inclusion of LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry) in the Kyoto framework. Though the positions of individual states or the goal of avoided deforestation guide many approaches, our model sets cost-effective strategies for climate change mitigation and the efficient and balanced use of forest resources at its center. Current approaches to forest resource-based carbon accounting consider only a fraction of its potential and fail to adequately mobilize the LULUCF sector for the successful stabilization of atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations. The presence of a significantly large \u201cincentive gap\u201d justifies the urgency of reforming the current LULUCF carbon accounting framework. In addition to significantly broadening the scope of carbon pools accounted under LULUCF, we recommend paying far greater attention to the troika of competing but potentially compatible interests surrounding the promotion of standing forests (in particular for the purposes of carbon sequestration, biodiversity protection and ecosystem promotion/ preservation), harvested wood products (HWP) and bioenergy use. The successful balancing of competing interests, the enhancement of efficiency and effectiveness and the balanced use of forest resources require an accounting mechanism that weighs and rewards each component according to its real climate mitigation potential. Further, our data suggest the benefits of such a broadly based carbon accounting strategy and the inclusion of LULUCF in national and international accounting and emission trading mechanisms far outweigh potential disadvantages. Political arguments suggesting countries could take advantage of LULUCF accounting to reduce their commitments are not supported by the evidence we present.", "keywords": ["Carbon accounting", "Geography", " Planning and Development", "LULUCF", "Kyoto Protocol", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Climate change mitigation", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Bioenergy", "HWP", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2011.07.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20%26amp%3B%20Policy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envsci.2011.07.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envsci.2011.07.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envsci.2011.07.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2018.09.028", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T06:57:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-28", "title": "Modelling Above Ground Biomass Accumulation Of Mangrove Plantations In Vietnam", "description": "Abstract In many tropical nations, mangrove forests are essential ecosystems for climate change mitigation and adaptation in coastal regions as they provide important forest resources as well as a suite of other benefits to communities including carbon sequestration. Empirical growth and yield modelling methods derived from terrestrial forestry, which are often robust with respect to forestry forecasting and management, have not often been assessed in mangrove forests yet they are important for underpinning sustainable forest management. We surveyed 89 Rhizophora apiculata mangrove plantations with age ranges from 4 to 26\u202fyear old in Vietnam, destructively harvesting 25 trees for biomass measurements and 70 for stem analyses, to assess increments in biomass and standing timber. Systems of equations were developed to model site index, mean diameter, dominant height, stocking, biomass and timber volume. We found that conventional forest growth modelling methods fitted the observed data well. Similar to terrestrial forests, stand height is a good indicator of site productivity. Mean errors for stand volume and biomass estimated from yield tables were both less than 5.3%. The root mean square error (RMSE) of the biomass model was 12 and RMSE of the volume model was 10.8, suggesting that these methods are applicable to evenly aged monoculture mangrove plantations in Vietnam. Our research also indicated high variation in mean annual increment of biomass (MAI) in the surveyed plantations due to a wide range of age and site conditions. Some R. apiculata plantations in Vietnam can reach a peak aboveground biomass MAI of 22.7\u202fMg\u202fha\u22121 year\u22121, which is among the highest of published values from plantations of the same species worldwide. Further studies addressing the application of terrestrial forest growth methods to mangrove systems are suggested in order to develop reliable and useful tools for sustainable management of this important ecosystem.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Monitoring", "Policy and Law", "Rhizophora apiculata plantation", "1107 Forestry", "Growth and yield modelling", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "333", "2309 Nature and Landscape Conservation", "12. Responsible consumption", "13. Climate action", "2308 Management", "Biomass", "Mangrove", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.09.028"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2018.09.028", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2018.09.028", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.09.028"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2018.11.033", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T06:57:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-29", "title": "Impacts of forests and forestation on hydrological services in the Andes: A systematic review", "description": "Abstract Several Andean countries have planned to restore forest cover in degraded land to enhance the provision of multiple ecosystem services in response to international commitments such as the Bonn Challenge. Hydrological services, e.g. water supply, hydrological regulation and erosion mitigation, are particularly important to sustain the life of more than fifty million Andean people. While rapid and important forest cover changes have occurred during recent decades, critical information on the impact of forestation on hydrological services has not yet been synthesized in the context of Andean ecosystems. We define forestation as the establishment of forest by plantation or natural regeneration on areas that either had forest in the past or not. To help improve decision-making on forestation in the Andes, we reviewed the available literature concerning the impacts of forestation on water supply, hydrological regulation and mitigation of erosion and landslides. We also examined available data on the most relevant hydrological processes such as infiltration, evapotranspiration and runoff in forest stands. Hydrological services from native forests were also included as a reference state for comparing processes and services provided by forestation. Following systematic review protocols, we synthesized 155 studies using different methods, including meta-analyses and meta-regressions. Results show that forestation has had clear impacts on degraded soils, through reducing water erosion of soils and risk of moderate floods, increasing soil infiltration rate by 8 and topsoil organic matter (SOM). We found that 20\u202fyears of tree plantation was sufficient to recover infiltration rate and sediment yield close to the levels of native forests whereas SOM, soil water storage and surface runoff of native forests could not be recovered by forestation in the time scales examined. The benefits in terms of hydrological regulation are at the expense of a reduction in total water supply since forest cover was associated with higher water use in most Andean regions. Forestation with native species was underrepresented in the reviewed studies. The impact of forestation on landslides has also been largely overlooked in the Andes. At high elevations, exotic tree plantations on Andean grasslands (e.g. paramo and puna) had the most detrimental consequences since these grasslands showed an excellent capacity for hydrological regulation and erosion mitigation but also a water yield up to 40% higher than tree plantations. People engaged in forest restoration initiative should be aware that hydrological services may take some time for society and the environment to show clear benefits after forestation.", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "Pine plantations", "forest rehabilitation", "propri\u00e9t\u00e9 physicochimique du sol", "550", "F40 - \u00c9cologie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "Monitoring", "Ecosystem service", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "ecological restoration", "05 Environmental Sciences", "systematic reviews", "0207 environmental engineering", "forest cover", "hydrology", "02 engineering and technology", "hydrologie", "01 natural sciences", "630", "cycle hydrologique", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3062", "for\u00eat", "K01 - Foresterie - Consid\u00e9rations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales", "11. Sustainability", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13802", "reconstitution foresti\u00e8re", "P10 - Ressources en eau et leur gestion", "Land-use", "Nature and Landscape Conservation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "forests", "P36 - \u00c9rosion", " conservation et r\u00e9cup\u00e9ration des sols", "2. Zero hunger", "Policy and Law", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7182", "Forestry", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_401", "06 Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Management", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_11670", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "13. Climate action", "degraded land", "07 Agricultural And Veterinary Sciences", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3731"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.11.033"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2018.11.033", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2018.11.033", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2018.11.033"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.forpol.2013.06.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T06:57:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-11", "title": "Investing In Energy Forestry Under Uncertainty", "description": "Abstract Farmer's decisions to invest in renewable energy sources can contribute to lower greenhouse gas and mitigate climate change. However, it remains unclear how associated high sunk establishment costs, long-term commitment, highly uncertain net returns, and policy induced incentives could drive farmer's decision to afforest agricultural land. A real option model is used to theoretically frame the decision to switch from agriculture to energy forestry. Optimal investment timing is modeled and the functioning of government subsidies offered to speed up the switch to energy forestry is analyzed. The empirical analysis examines the establishment of new short-rotation coppice willow stands in Central East Sweden. It is shown that in the presence of volatile agricultural profits and high establishment costs, subsidies are needed to accelerate investment. We then examine the case of the municipality of Enkoping and show that the combination of governmental subsidies for energy forestry with compensation for sewage sludge treatment provides an effective stimulus to investment in new willow stands which also has environmental benefits.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Economics and Econometric", "Monitoring", "Policy and Law", "Sociology and Political Science", "05 social sciences", "Forestry", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Short-rotation willow coppice", "Management", "12. Responsible consumption", "Bioenergy policy", "13. Climate action", "0502 economics and business", "Investment analysi", "Real option", "Bioenergy policy; Investment analysis; Real options; Short-rotation willow coppice; Forestry; Economics and Econometrics; Management; Monitoring; Policy and Law; Sociology and Political Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2013.06.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Policy%20and%20Economics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.forpol.2013.06.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.forpol.2013.06.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.forpol.2013.06.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-31T06:57:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-21", "title": "Reorienting Land Degradation Towards Sustainable Land Management: Linking Sustainable Livelihoods With Ecosystem Services In Rangeland Systems", "description": "This paper identifies new ways of moving from land degradation towards sustainable land management through the development of economic mechanisms. It identifies new mechanisms to tackle land degradation based on retaining critical levels of natural capital whilst basing livelihoods on a wider range of ecosystem services. This is achieved through a case study analysis of the Kalahari rangelands in southwest Botswana. The paper first describes the socio-economic and ecological characteristics of the Kalahari rangelands and the types of land degradation taking place. It then focuses on bush encroachment as a way of exploring new economic instruments (e.g. Payments for Ecosystem Services) designed to enhance the flow of ecosystem services that support livelihoods in rangeland systems. It does this by evaluating the likely impacts of bush encroachment, one of the key forms of rangeland degradation, on a range of ecosystem services in three land tenure types (private fenced ranches, communal grazing areas and Wildlife Management Areas), before considering options for more sustainable land management in these systems. We argue that with adequate policy support, economic mechanisms could help reorient degraded rangelands towards more sustainable land management.", "keywords": ["Payments for ecosystem services", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Environmental Engineering", "Botswana", "Economics of land degradation", "Agriculture", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "CAH26-01-02 - physical geographical sciences", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Animals", "Humans", "Land degradation", "Bush encroachment", "CAH13-01-03 - landscape design", "Waste Management and Disposal", "Desertification", "Ecosystem", "Land policy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/86067/1/Reed%20et%20al%20%282015%29%20Reorienting%20land%20degradation%20towards%20sustainable%20land%20management%20JEM%20%282%29.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.11.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s41893-019-0469-x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T06:58:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-20", "title": "Potential yield challenges to scale-up of zero budget natural farming", "description": "Under current trends, 60% of India's population (>10% of people on Earth) will experience severe food deficiencies by 2050. Increased production is urgently needed, but high costs and volatile prices are driving farmers into debt. Zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) is a grassroots movement that aims to improve farm viability by reducing costs. In Andhra Pradesh alone, 523,000 farmers have converted 13% of productive agricultural area to ZBNF. However, sustainability of ZBNF is questioned because external nutrient inputs are limited, which could cause a crash in food production. Here, we show that ZBNF is likely to reduce soil degradation and could provide yield benefits for low-input farmers. Nitrogen fixation, either by free-living nitrogen fixers in soil or symbiotic nitrogen fixers in legumes, is likely to provide the major portion of nitrogen available to crops. However, even with maximum potential nitrogen fixation and release, only 52-80% of the national average nitrogen applied as fertilizer is expected to be supplied. Therefore, in higher-input systems, yield penalties are likely. Since biological fixation from the atmosphere is possible only with nitrogen, ZBNF could limit the supply of other nutrients. Further research is needed in higher-input systems to ensure that mass conversion to ZBNF does not limit India's capacity to feed itself.", "keywords": ["Monitoring", "IEAS/POO2501/1", "NE/S009019/1", "330", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "NE/P004830/1", "WHEAT", "01 natural sciences", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "QH301", "NE/M021327/1", "SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "FERTILIZER", "Renewable Energy", "Wellcome Trust", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "Nature and Landscape Conservation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Planning and Development", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Geography", "Policy and Law", "Ecology", "Sustainability and the Environment", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "Sustainable and Healthy Food Systems (SHEFS)", "NE/P019455/1", "1. No poverty", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Management", "NITROGEN", "Urban Studies", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "INDIA", "Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)", "Food Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-019-0469-x.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0469-x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s41893-019-0469-x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s41893-019-0469-x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s41893-019-0469-x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11122403", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T07:01:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-29", "title": "Impacts of Farming Layer Constructions on Cultivated Land Quality under the Cultivated Land Balance Policy", "description": "

Cultivated Land Balance Policy (CLBP) has led to the \u201cbetter land occupied and worse land supplemented\u201d program. At the same time, the current field-scale cultivated land quality (CLQ) evaluation cannot meet the work requirements of the CLBP. To this end, this study selected 24 newly added farmland in Fuping County and performed eight different high quality farming layer construction experiments to improve the CLQ. A new comprehensive model was constructed on a field scale to evaluate the CLQ using different tests from multi-dimensional perspectives of soil fertility, engineering, environment, and ecology, and to determine the best test mode. The results showed that after the test, around 62% of the cultivated land improved by one level, and the average cultivated land quality level and quality index of the test area increased by 0.63 and 30.63, respectively. The treatment of \u201cwoody peat + rotten crop straw + biostimulation regulator II + conventional fertilization\u201d had the best effect on the improvement of organic matter, soil aggregates, and soil microbial activity, and was the best treatment method. In general, application of soil amendments, such as woody peat when constructing high quality farmland, could quickly improve CLQ, and field-scale CLQ evaluation model constructed from a multi-dimensional perspective could accurately assess the true quality of farmland and allow managers to improve and manage arable land resources under CLBP.

", "keywords": ["Scale (ratio)", "cultivated land quality evaluation", "Agricultural engineering", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Engineering", "Soil Evaluation", "Agricultural land", "Soil water", "Arable land", "cultivated land quality evaluation; field scale; high-quality farming layer; woody peat", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Global Analysis of Ecosystem Services and Land Use", "Geography", "Ecology", "S", "high-quality farming layer", "Life Sciences", "Land Suitability", "Land-Use Suitability Assessment Using GIS", "Land reclamation", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "woody peat", "Soil Erosion and Agricultural Sustainability", "Agricultural Land Use", "6. Clean water", "FOS: Philosophy", " ethics and religion", "Physical Sciences", "Quality (philosophy)", "field scale", "Cartography", "Soil Science", "Epistemology", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "Soil quality", "Environmental science", "Crop Suitability", "Agroforestry", "Biology", "Soil science", "Peat", "15. Life on land", "Topsoil", "Philosophy", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2403/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11122403"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11122403", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11122403", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11122403"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s13570-014-0018-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T07:00:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-24", "title": "Control Of Bush Encroachment In Borana Zone Of Southern Ethiopia: Effects Of Different Control Techniques On Rangeland Vegetation And Tick Populations", "description": "Open AccessA study on effects of bush encroachment control techniques on rangeland productivity and tick population dynamics was conducted in Arero district of Borana zone, southern Ethiopia, for three consecutive years. The study targeted two main and dominant encroaching bush species in Borana rangeland, Acacia drepanolobium and Acacia mellifera, and their effects on some vegetation attributes and tick population dynamics. A hectare of rangeland encroached by these two acacia species was replicated/divided into three plots, and each plot was subdivided into five sub-plots to receive five treatments: cutting at 0.5 m above ground and pouring kerosene on stumps (T1), cutting at 0.5 m above ground and debarking the stumps down into the soil surface (T2), cutting at 0.5 m above ground alone (T3), cutting at 0.5 m above ground and dissecting the stumps (T4) and control (T5). Data on basal and litter covers, soil erosion and compaction, dead and re-sprouted encroaching tree/shrub species and nymph- and adult-stage tick populations were collected before and after treatment applications. The applied treatments significantly influenced (p < 0.05) basal cover, nymph- and adult-stage tick population and the two encroaching tree species. The results of this study showed that T3 and T2 were good in controlling A. drepanolobium in that order. T4 and T2 had a significant effect in controlling A. mellifera in their order. Controlling bush encroachment had also a positive effect in eradicating the tick population. The most dominant grass and non-grass species observed after the control actions were Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon aucheri, Abutilon hirtum, Pennisetum mezianum, Dyschoriste hildebrandtii, Zaleya pentandra and Eragrostis papposa. Therefore, controlling encroaching tree/shrub species had created a conducive grazing area with palatable herbaceous species for the livestock and unequivocally reduced tick population which play a role in reducing cattle milk production through closing off teats. The management of bush encroachment, if sustained, will contribute in stabilizing rangelands and help minimize the negative effects of feed and food crises in the future.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Population", "Lantana", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "01 natural sciences", "Basal area", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Rangeland Degradation", "Sociology", "Agroforestry Systems and Biodiversity Enhancement", "Rangeland Degradation and Pastoral Livelihoods", "Pathology", "Agroforestry", "Biology", "Demography", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Life Sciences", "Forestry", "Factors Affecting Sagebrush Ecosystems and Wildlife Conservation", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "FOS: Sociology", "Shrub", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "Rangeland", "Vegetation (pathology)", "Tick"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bikila Negasa, Bedasa Eba, Samuel Tuffa, Barecha Bayissa, Jaldesa Doyo, N. Van Husen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-014-0018-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pastoralism", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s13570-014-0018-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s13570-014-0018-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s13570-014-0018-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0109063", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T07:00:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-14", "title": "Managing Semi-Arid Rangelands For Carbon Storage: Grazing And Woody Encroachment Effects On Soil Carbon And Nitrogen", "description": "Open AccessHigh grazing intensity and wide-spread woody encroachment may strongly alter soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools. However, the direction and quantity of these changes have rarely been quantified in East African savanna ecosystem. As shifts in soil C and N pools might further potentially influence climate change mitigation, we quantified and compared soil organic carbon (SOC) and total soil nitrogen (TSN) content in enclosures and communal grazing lands across varying woody cover i.e. woody encroachment levels. Estimated mean SOC and TSN stocks at 0-40 cm depth varied across grazing regimes and among woody encroachment levels. The open grazing land at the heavily encroached site on sandy loam soil contained the least SOC (30 \u00b1 2.1 Mg ha-1) and TSN (5 \u00b1 0.57 Mg ha-1) while the enclosure at the least encroached site on sandy clay soil had the greatest mean SOC (81.0 \u00b1 10.6 Mg ha-1) and TSN (9.2 \u00b1 1.48 Mg ha-1). Soil OC and TSN did not differ with grazing exclusion at heavily encroached sites, but were twice as high inside enclosure compared to open grazing soils at low encroached sites. Mean SOC and TSN in soils of 0-20 cm depth were up to 120% higher than that of the 21-40 cm soil layer. Soil OC was positively related to TSN, cation exchange capacity (CEC), but negatively related to sand content. Our results show that soil OC and TSN stocks are affected by grazing, but the magnitude is largely influenced by woody encroachment and soil texture. We suggest that improving the herbaceous layer cover through a reduction in grazing and woody encroachment restriction are the key strategies for reducing SOC and TSN losses and, hence, for climate change mitigation in semi-arid rangelands.", "keywords": ["Cation-exchange capacity", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management", "Soil water", "Rangeland Degradation and Pastoral Livelihoods", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Q", "R", "Life Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Wood", "Soil carbon", "Droughts", "Grazing", "climate change", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "Rangeland", "Research Article", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Plant Development", "Soil Science", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "Environmental science", "soil", "savannas", "Animals", "grazing", "Agroforestry", "Woody plant", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Nature and Landscape Conservation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "ecosystem", "Soil science", "Soil Fertility", "carbon", "Research Subject Categories::NATURAL SCIENCES", "Feeding Behavior", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Loam", "Agronomy", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109063"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0109063", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0109063", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0109063"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2111/rem-d-13-00003.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T07:00:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-07", "title": "Response Of Conifer-Encroached Shrublands In The Great Basin To Prescribed Fire And Mechanical Treatments", "description": "AbstractIn response to the recent expansion of pi\u00f1on and juniper woodlands into sagebrush-steppe communities in the northern Great Basin region, numerous conifer-removal projects have been implemented, primarily to release understory vegetation at sites having a wide range of environmental conditions. Responses to these treatments have varied from successful restoration of native plant communities to complete conversion to nonnative invasive species. To evaluate the general response of understory vegetation to tree canopy removal in conifer-encroached shrublands, we set up a region-wide study that measured treatment-induced changes in understory cover and density. Eleven study sites located across four states in the Great Basin were established as statistical replicate blocks, each containing fire, mechanical, and control treatments. Different cover groups were measured prior to and during the first 3 yr following treatment. There was a general pattern of response across the wide range of site conditions. There was an immediate increase in bare ground and decrease in tall perennial grasses following the fire treatment, but both recovered by the second or third growing season after treatment. Tall perennial grass cover increased in the mechanical treatment in the second and third year, and in the fire treatment cover was higher than the control by year 3. Nonnative grass and forb cover did not increase in the fire and mechanical treatments in the first year but increased in the second and third years. Perennial forb cover increased in both the fire and mechanical treatments. The recovery of herbaceous cover groups was from increased growth of residual vegetation, not density. Sagebrush declined in the fire treatment, but seedling density increased in both treatments. Biological soil crust declined in the fire treatment, with no indications of recovery. Differences in plant response that occurred between mechanical and fire treatments should be considered when selecting management options.", "keywords": ["580", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "pi\u00c3\u00b1on-juniper", "western juniper", "restoration", "Ecology", "Plant Sciences", "single-needle pi\u00c3\u00b1on", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "15. Life on land", "nonnative species", "01 natural sciences", "pi\u00f1on-juniper", "pi\u00f1on\u2013juniper", "Utah juniper", "cheatgrass", "Animal Science and Zoology", "single-needle pi\u00f1on", "sagebrush", "resilience", "Nature and Landscape Conservation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Miller, Richard F., Ratchford, Jaime, Roundy, Bruce A., Tausch, Robin J., Hulet, April, Chambers, Jeanne C.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/context/sagestep_articles/article/1024/viewcontent/SAGEcenterart2014MillerRatchfordRoundy_ResponseConiferEncroached.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2111/rem-d-13-00003.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Rangeland%20Ecology%20%26amp%3B%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2111/rem-d-13-00003.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.2111/rem-d-13-00003.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2111/rem-d-13-00003.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2011.0240", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-05-31T07:00:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-05", "title": "Broadcast Urea Reduces N2o But Increases No Emissions Compared With Conventional And Shallow-Applied Anhydrous Ammonia In A Coarse-Textured Soil", "description": "

Despite the importance of anhydrous ammonia (AA) and urea as nitrogen (N) fertilizer sources in the United States, there have been few direct comparisons of their effects on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions. We compared N oxide emissions, yields, and N fertilizer recovery efficiency (NFRE) in a corn (Zea mays L.) production system that used three different fertilizer practices: urea that was broadcast and incorporated (BU) and AA that was injected at a conventional depth (0.20 m) (AAc) and at a shallower depth (0.10 m) (AAs). Averaged over 2 yr in an irrigated loamy sand in Minnesota, growing season N2O emissions increased in the order BU < AAc < AAs. In contrast, NO emissions were greater with BU than with AAc or AAs. Emissions of N2O ranged from 0.5 to 1.4 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (50\uffe2\uff80\uff93140 g N Mg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 grain), while NO emissions ranged from 0.2 to 0.7 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (20\uffe2\uff80\uff9370 g N Mg\uffe2\uff88\uff921 grain). Emissions of total N oxides (NO + N2O) increased in the order AAc < BU < AAs. Despite having the greatest emissions of N2O and total N oxides, the AAs treatment had greater NFRE compared with the AAc treatment. These results provide additional evidence that AA emits more N2O, but less NO, than broadcast urea and show that practices to reduce N2O emissions do not always improve N use efficiency.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Environmental Engineering", "Monitoring", "Policy and Law", "Climate", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Nitric Oxide", "Pollution", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Management", "Soil", "Ammonia", "13. Climate action", "Urea", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Waste Management and Disposal", "Water Science and Technology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0240"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2011.0240", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2011.0240", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2011.0240"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su13031570", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T07:01:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-02", "title": "Agronomic and Environmental Performance of Lemnaminor Cultivated on Agricultural Wastewater Streams\u2014A Practical Approach", "description": "

This study investigated the potential of Lemna minor to valorise agricultural wastewater in protein-rich feed material in order to meet the growing demand for animal feed protein and reduce the excess of nutrients in certain European regions. For this purpose, three pilot-scale systems were monitored for 175 days under outdoor conditions in Flanders. The systems were fed with the effluent of aquaculture (pikeperch production\uffe2\uff80\uff94PP), a mixture of diluted pig manure wastewater (PM), and a synthetic medium (SM). PM showed the highest productivity (6.1 \uffc2\uffb1 2.5 g DW m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and N uptake (327 \uffc2\uffb1 107 mg N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921). PP yielded a similar productivity and both wastewaters resulted in higher productivities than SM. Furthermore, all media showed similar P uptake rates (65\uffe2\uff80\uff9370 P m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Finally, duckweed had a beneficial amino acid composition for humans (essential amino acid index = 1.1), broilers and pigs. This study also showed that the growing medium had more influence on the productivity of duckweed than on its amino acid composition or protein content, with the latter being only slightly affected by the different media studied. Overall, these results demonstrate that duckweed can effectively remove nutrients from agriculture wastewaters while producing quality protein.

", "keywords": ["Planning and Development", "biological effluent treatment", "nutrient recycling", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "Sustainability and the Environment", "Geography", "Monitoring", "Policy and Law", "constructed wetlands", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Management", "12. Responsible consumption", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "protein alternatives", "Lemnaceae", "Renewable Energy", "amino acid composition", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/3/1570/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/3/1570/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031570"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su13031570", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su13031570", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su13031570"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su9081492", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T07:01:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-22", "title": "Processing, Valorization and Application of Bio-Waste Derived Compounds from Potato, Tomato, Olive and Cereals: A Review", "description": "

The vast and ever-growing amount of agricultural and food wastes has become a major concern throughout the whole world. Therefore, strategies for their processing and value-added reuse are needed to enable a sustainable utilization of feedstocks and reduce the environmental burden. By-products of potato, tomato, cereals and olive arise in significant amounts in European countries and are consequently of high relevance. Due to their composition with various beneficial ingredients, the waste products can be valorized by different techniques leading to economic and environmental advantages. This paper focuses on the waste generation during industrial processing of potato, tomato, cereals and olives within the European Union and reviews state-of-the-art technologies for their valorization. Furthermore, current applications, future perspectives and challenges are discussed.

", "keywords": ["cereals", "2. Zero hunger", "bio-fertilizers", "633", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "tomato", "7. Clean energy", "olive", "12. Responsible consumption", "food additives", "packaging materials", "Agricultural waste; Bio-fertilizers; Cereals; Food additives; Food waste; Olive; Packaging materials; Potato; Tomato; Valorization technologies; Geography", " Planning and Development; Renewable Energy", " Sustainability and the Environment; Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "0404 agricultural biotechnology", "food waste", "13. Climate action", "valorization technologies", "11. Sustainability", "potato", "agricultural waste", "0405 other agricultural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/615659/1/Review%20Sustainability%202017.pdf"}, {"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/9/8/1492/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su9081492"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su9081492", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su9081492", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su9081492"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.60692/2ezcc-55g95", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T07:04:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-28", "title": "Impacts of Farming Layer Constructions on Cultivated Land Quality under the Cultivated Land Balance Policy", "description": "

Cultivated Land Balance Policy (CLBP) has led to the \u201cbetter land occupied and worse land supplemented\u201d program. At the same time, the current field-scale cultivated land quality (CLQ) evaluation cannot meet the work requirements of the CLBP. To this end, this study selected 24 newly added farmland in Fuping County and performed eight different high quality farming layer construction experiments to improve the CLQ. A new comprehensive model was constructed on a field scale to evaluate the CLQ using different tests from multi-dimensional perspectives of soil fertility, engineering, environment, and ecology, and to determine the best test mode. The results showed that after the test, around 62% of the cultivated land improved by one level, and the average cultivated land quality level and quality index of the test area increased by 0.63 and 30.63, respectively. The treatment of \u201cwoody peat + rotten crop straw + biostimulation regulator II + conventional fertilization\u201d had the best effect on the improvement of organic matter, soil aggregates, and soil microbial activity, and was the best treatment method. In general, application of soil amendments, such as woody peat when constructing high quality farmland, could quickly improve CLQ, and field-scale CLQ evaluation model constructed from a multi-dimensional perspective could accurately assess the true quality of farmland and allow managers to improve and manage arable land resources under CLBP.

", "keywords": ["Scale (ratio)", "cultivated land quality evaluation", "Agricultural engineering", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Engineering", "Soil Evaluation", "Agricultural land", "Soil water", "Arable land", "cultivated land quality evaluation; field scale; high-quality farming layer; woody peat", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Global Analysis of Ecosystem Services and Land Use", "Geography", "Ecology", "S", "high-quality farming layer", "Life Sciences", "Land Suitability", "Land-Use Suitability Assessment Using GIS", "Land reclamation", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "woody peat", "Soil Erosion and Agricultural Sustainability", "Agricultural Land Use", "6. Clean water", "FOS: Philosophy", " ethics and religion", "Physical Sciences", "Quality (philosophy)", "field scale", "Cartography", "Soil Science", "Epistemology", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "Soil quality", "Environmental science", "Crop Suitability", "Agroforestry", "Biology", "Soil science", "Peat", "15. Life on land", "Topsoil", "Philosophy", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/12/2403/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.60692/2ezcc-55g95"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.60692/2ezcc-55g95", "name": "item", "description": "10.60692/2ezcc-55g95", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.60692/2ezcc-55g95"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2164/15915", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T07:06:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-01", "title": "Global Research Alliance N2O chamber methodology guidelines: Summary of modeling approaches", "description": "Abstract

Measurements of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture are essential for understanding the complex soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93crop\uffe2\uff80\uff93climate processes, but there are practical and economic limits to the spatial and temporal extent over which measurements can be made. Therefore, N2O models have an important role to play. As models are comparatively cheap to run, they can be used to extrapolate field measurements to regional or national scales, to simulate emissions over long time periods, or to run scenarios to compare mitigation practices. Process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based models can also be used as an aid to understanding the underlying processes, as they can simulate feedbacks and interactions that can be difficult to distinguish in the field. However, when applying models, it is important to understand the conceptual process differences in models, how conceptual understanding changed over time in various models, and the model requirements and limitations to ensure that the model is well suited to the purpose of the investigation and the type of system being simulated. The aim of this paper is to give the reader a high\uffe2\uff80\uff90level overview of some of the important issues that should be considered when modeling. This includes conceptual understanding of widely used models, common modeling techniques such as calibration and validation, assessing model fit, sensitivity analysis, and uncertainty assessment. We also review examples of N2O modeling for different purposes and describe three commonly used process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based N2O models (APSIM, DayCent, and DNDC).10% of people on Earth) will experience severe food deficiencies by 2050. Increased production is urgently needed, but high costs and volatile prices are driving farmers into debt. Zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) is a grassroots movement that aims to improve farm viability by reducing costs. In Andhra Pradesh alone, 523,000 farmers have converted 13% of productive agricultural area to ZBNF. However, sustainability of ZBNF is questioned because external nutrient inputs are limited, which could cause a crash in food production. Here, we show that ZBNF is likely to reduce soil degradation and could provide yield benefits for low-input farmers. Nitrogen fixation, either by free-living nitrogen fixers in soil or symbiotic nitrogen fixers in legumes, is likely to provide the major portion of nitrogen available to crops. However, even with maximum potential nitrogen fixation and release, only 52-80% of the national average nitrogen applied as fertilizer is expected to be supplied. Therefore, in higher-input systems, yield penalties are likely. Since biological fixation from the atmosphere is possible only with nitrogen, ZBNF could limit the supply of other nutrients. Further research is needed in higher-input systems to ensure that mass conversion to ZBNF does not limit India's capacity to feed itself.", "keywords": ["Monitoring", "IEAS/POO2501/1", "NE/S009019/1", "330", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "NE/P004830/1", "WHEAT", "01 natural sciences", "630", "12. Responsible consumption", "QH301", "NE/M021327/1", "SOIL PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES", "SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy", "FERTILIZER", "Renewable Energy", "Wellcome Trust", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "Nature and Landscape Conservation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Planning and Development", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Geography", "Policy and Law", "Ecology", "Sustainability and the Environment", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "Sustainable and Healthy Food Systems (SHEFS)", "NE/P019455/1", "1. No poverty", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Management", "NITROGEN", "Urban Studies", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "INDIA", "Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)", "Food Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-019-0469-x.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2164/14738"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Nature%20Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2164/14738", "name": "item", "description": "2164/14738", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2164/14738"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3217045336", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-31T07:06:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-29", "title": "Impacts of Farming Layer Constructions on Cultivated Land Quality under the Cultivated Land Balance Policy", "description": "

Cultivated Land Balance Policy (CLBP) has led to the \u201cbetter land occupied and worse land supplemented\u201d program. At the same time, the current field-scale cultivated land quality (CLQ) evaluation cannot meet the work requirements of the CLBP. To this end, this study selected 24 newly added farmland in Fuping County and performed eight different high quality farming layer construction experiments to improve the CLQ. A new comprehensive model was constructed on a field scale to evaluate the CLQ using different tests from multi-dimensional perspectives of soil fertility, engineering, environment, and ecology, and to determine the best test mode. The results showed that after the test, around 62% of the cultivated land improved by one level, and the average cultivated land quality level and quality index of the test area increased by 0.63 and 30.63, respectively. The treatment of \u201cwoody peat + rotten crop straw + biostimulation regulator II + conventional fertilization\u201d had the best effect on the improvement of organic matter, soil aggregates, and soil microbial activity, and was the best treatment method. In general, application of soil amendments, such as woody peat when constructing high quality farmland, could quickly improve CLQ, and field-scale CLQ evaluation model constructed from a multi-dimensional perspective could accurately assess the true quality of farmland and allow managers to improve and manage arable land resources under CLBP.

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