{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-06", "title": "Trace Elements And Activity Of Antioxidative Enzymes In Cistus Ladanifer L. Growing On An Abandoned Mine Area", "description": "The Mediterranean shrub Cistus ladanifer grows naturally in S\u00e3o Domingos (Portugal), an abandoned copper mine. High levels of trace elements in plants can generate oxidative stress increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The aim of this work was to evaluate and compare As, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations and the activity of the soluble and cell wall ionically bounded forms of the enzymes catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in leaves of C. ladanifer, collected in spring and summer, growing on S\u00e3o Domingos mine and on a non-contaminated area (Pomar\u00e3o). S\u00e3o Domingos soils showed high total concentrations of As (2.6 g kg(-1)) and Pb (7.3 g kg(-1)) however the available fraction represented less than 1.5% of the total. C. ladanifer population from mine showed tolerance to Pb and Zn, which attain in leaves concentrations considered toxic for plants. The enzymatic activity of catalase, peroxidise and superoxide dismutase varied with plant populations and seasons, although with no particular trend, being specific to each trace element and enzyme cell localization. Catalase activity was evenly distributed between the soluble and ionically bounded forms, whereas the ionically bounded form of peroxidase predominated relatively to total activity, and the opposite was observed for superoxide dismutase. Spring and summer leaves from the two areas presented enzymatic activities in both fractions except to peroxidase soluble activities in leaves collected in summer. C. ladanifer enzymatic activity seems to be related with the co-existence of different stress factors (trace elements concentration, temperature, UV radiation and drought). The survival and growth of this species on contaminated mining soils is due to the presence of effective antioxidant enzyme-based defence systems.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "trace elements", "Industrial Waste", "antioxidative enzymes", "Antioxidative enzymes", "01 natural sciences", "Mining", "Soil", "Cell Wall", "Soil Pollutants", "adaptative capacity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Trace elements", "Portugal", "Cistus", "Adaptative capacity", "15. Life on land", "Sulphide abandoned mine", "cistus ladanifer L.", "Trace Elements", "Plant Leaves", "Oxidative Stress", "sulphide abandoned mine", "Cistus ladanifer L.", "Oxidoreductases", "Copper"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10646-009-0329-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-09", "title": "Cocktails of pesticide residues in conventional and organic farming systems in Europe \u2013 Legacy of the past and turning point for the future", "description": "<p>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Considering that pesticides have been used in Europe for over 70 years, a system for monitoring pesticide residues in EU soils and their effects on soil health is long overdue. In an attempt to address this problem, we tested 340 EU agricultural topsoil samples for multiple pesticide residues. These samples originated from 4 representative EU case study sites (CSS), which covered 3 countries and four of the main EU crops: vegetable and orange production in Spain (S-V and S-O, respectively), grape production in Portugal (P-G), and potato production in the Netherlands (N-P). Soil samples were collected between 2015 and 2018 after harvest or before the start of the growing season, depending on the CSS. Conventional and organic farming results were compared in S-V, S-O and N-P. Soils from conventional farms presented mostly mixtures of pesticide residues, with a maximum of 16 residues/sample. Soils from organic farms had significantly fewer residues, with a maximum of 5 residues/sample. The residues with the highest frequency of detection and the highest content in soil were herbicides: glyphosate and its main metabolite AMPA (P-G, N-P, S-O), and pendimethalin (S-V). Total residue content in soil reached values of 0.8 mg kg-1 for S-V, 2 mg kg-1 for S-O and N-P, and 12 mg kg-1 for P-G. Organic soils presented 70-90% lower residue concentrations than the corresponding conventional soils. There is a severe knowledge gap concerning the effects of the accumulated and complex mixtures of pesticide residues found in soil on soil biota and soil health. Safety benchmarks should be defined and introduced into (soil) legislation as soon as possible. Soil remediation techniques should be developed to keep the levels of pesticide residues below such benchmarks. Furthermore, the process of transitioning to organic farming should take into consideration the residue mixtures and their residence time in soil. &amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Organic Agriculture", "Portugal", "Pesticide Residues", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "EU agricultural soils", "Europe", "Soil", "Mixtures of pesticide residues", "Spain", "13. Climate action", "Mixtures of pesticide residues; EU agricultural soils Organic", " conventional farming", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Organic and conventional farming", "Netherlands"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116827"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.475", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-12-01", "title": "Local topographic and edaphic factors largely predict shrub encroachment in Mediterranean drylands", "description": "Shrub encroachment influences several ecosystem services in drylands worldwide. Yet, commonly used strategies to reduce encroachment show a low medium-term success, calling for a better understanding of its causes. Previous works identified multiple drivers responsible for this phenomenon, including anthropogenic and environmental causes. However, the relative effect of climate, topography and edaphic factors on shrub encroachment is not fully understood nor has been properly quantified in Mediterranean Basin drylands. Also, understanding how these drivers lead to changes in plant communities' functional traits associated to shrub encroachment is crucial, considering traits influence ecosystem processes and associated ecosystem services. Here, we studied the understory of a Mediterranean dryland ecosystem composed of savanna-like Holm-oak woodlands, along a regional climatic gradient. We specifically assessed (i) how climatic, topographic and edaphic factors influence understory relative shrub cover (RSC) and (ii) their direct and indirect effects (via RSC) on plant functional traits. We studied the mean and diversity of 12 functional traits related to plant regeneration, establishment, and dispersal, at the community-level. We found that, under similar low-intensity land use, topographic and edaphic factors, namely slope variations and soil C:N ratio, were the most important predictors of shrub encroachment, determining communities' functional characteristics. Climate, namely summer precipitation, had a much lesser influence. Our model explained 52% of the variation in relative shrub cover. Climate had a stronger effect on a set of functional traits weakly involved in shrub encroachment, related to flowering and dispersal strategies. We show that shrub encroachment is largely predicted by topo-edaphic factors in Mediterranean drylands subject to conventional low-intensity land use. Hence, management strategies to reduce encroachment need to take these drivers into account for efficient forecasting and higher cost-effectiveness. Our results suggest that climate change might not greatly impact shrub encroachment in the Mediterranean Basin, but may affect functional structure and reduce functional diversity of plant communities, thus affecting ecosystem functioning.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Geography", "Portugal", "Plant Dispersal", "Climate Change", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "climate change", "aridity", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "functional traits", "holm-oak", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.475"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.475", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.475", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.475"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11356-013-1649-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-22", "title": "A Study On As, Cu, Pb And Zn (Bio)Availability In An Abandoned Mine Area (Sao Domingos, Portugal) Using Chemical And Ecotoxicological Tools", "description": "The aim of this study was to relate the results obtained by chemical methods, used to assess environmental (bio)availability, with the ecotoxic response and bioaccumulation of trace elements (TE) by the earthworm Eisenia fetida exposed to field-contaminated, metal-polluted soils from a sulphide mine. The extracting solution 0.5\u00a0M NH4CH3COO, 0.5\u00a0M CH3COOH and 0.02\u00a0M EDTA (pH\u00a04.7), was able to predict environmental bioavailability of TE to E. fetida. However, the toxicological bioavailability could not be predicted from the results of the chemical extractions or from the bioaccumulation results: E. fetida reproduction was higher in soils where environmental bioavailability of TE and bioaccumulation values were also higher. In this study, the toxic response of the organism seemed to be more influenced by the overall nutritional status of the soil (e.g. pH, organic matter, plant nutrient availability and cation exchange capacity) than by its TE contamination. In the case of anthropogenic multi-contaminated sites, the different soil characteristics exert an important and confounding influence in the toxic response and the relationship between different bioavailable fractions cannot be easily established, emphasising the need to combine results from chemical methods with those from bioassays when evaluating the bioavailability of TE in these soils.", "keywords": ["Bioavailability", "Mine contaminated soils", "Biological Availability", "Ecotoxicology", "01 natural sciences", "Bioassays", "Mining", "Arsenic", "Soil", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "Oligochaeta", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Trace elements", "Portugal", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Bioaccumulation", "Zinc", "Lead", "Metals", "Indexa\u00e7\u00e3o ISI", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Chemical extraction methods", "Copper", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-013-1649-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Science%20and%20Pollution%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11356-013-1649-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11356-013-1649-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11356-013-1649-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-11", "title": "Effects Of Wildfire On Mercury Mobilisation In Eucalypt And Pine Forests", "description": "Abstract   Wildfires and subsequent rainfall play an important role in the redistribution of major, minor and trace chemical elements, which could be mobilised from burnt soils and ashes. In particular, the fire-induced release of mercury (Hg) into the environment is relevant to study due to its volatilisation and toxicity. However, the impact of wildfire followed by rainfall on mercury redistribution is poorly documented. Hence, eucalypt- and pine-covered hillslopes (1\u20133) were surveyed in two burnt areas (Ermida and S. Pedro do Sul, Portugal), as well as in a non-burnt eucalypt slope (Ermida). Top-soils (0\u20132\u00a0cm) and ashes were sampled 4 and 14\u00a0weeks after the fire, the latter following an episode of heavy precipitation. In order to clarify the effect of temperature on Hg release from the soil, a heating experiment was also conducted. Results revealed that 30% of the Hg retained in eucalypt soils was released by the fire, corresponding to a loss of 1.0\u20131.1\u00a0g\u00a0Hg\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01 of burnt soil. Levels in burnt eucalypt soils were twice the values registered in burnt pine soils for both fire severities. Mercury in ashes pointed to similar trend between the two types of vegetation. Results from the heating experiment with soil suggest that temperature reached in the wildfire was insufficient to destroy the most stable bonds of Hg-ligands. Mercury concentrations were not correlated with organic matter content, both in soils and ashes. It was estimated that rainfall caused a loss of 1.0\u00a0g\u00a0Hg\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01 from ashes and an uptake of 0.5\u00a0g\u00a0Hg\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01 of soil washed out. The difference between the previous estimations, 0.5\u00a0g\u00a0Hg\u00a0ha\u2212\u00a01, corresponds to the quantity of Hg transported to the surrounding area or eventually introduced into aquatic systems. Hence, the results obtained in the present study highlight the importance of wildfire and subsequent rainfall in the mobilisation of Hg in the environment.", "keywords": ["Mercury pathway", "Portugal", "Runoff", "13. Climate action", "Wildfire", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Earth-Surface Processes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.024", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2015.02.024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.102", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-13", "title": "Using nitrogen concentration and isotopic composition in lichens to spatially assess the relative contribution of atmospheric nitrogen sources in complex landscapes", "description": "Reactive nitrogen (Nr) is an important driver of global change, causing alterations in ecosystem biodiversity and functionality. Environmental assessments require monitoring the emission and deposition of both the amount and types of Nr. This is especially important in heterogeneous landscapes, as different land-cover types emit particular forms of Nr to the atmosphere, which can impact ecosystems distinctively. Such assessments require high spatial resolution maps that also integrate temporal variations, and can only be feasibly achieved by using ecological indicators. Our aim was to rank land-cover types according to the amount and form of emitted atmospheric Nr in a complex landscape with multiple sources of N. To do so, we measured and mapped nitrogen concentration and isotopic composition in lichen thalli, which we then related to land-cover data. Results suggested that, at the landscape scale, intensive agriculture and urban areas were the most important sources of Nr to the atmosphere. Additionally, the ocean greatly influences Nr in land, by providing air with low Nr concentration and a unique isotopic composition. These results have important consequences for managing air pollution at the regional level, as they provide critical information for modeling Nr emission and deposition across regional as well as continental scales.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "Lichens", "Nitrogen Isotopes", "Portugal", "Atmosphere", "Nitrogen", "Urbanization", "Geographic Mapping", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Reactive nitrogen", "13. Climate action", "Nitrogen Fixation", "11. Sustainability", "Industry", "Isoscapes", "14. Life underwater", "Polution - Eutrophication", "Ecosystem", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.102"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Pollution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.102", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.102", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.102"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.032", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-06", "title": "Characterization Of Wildfire Effects On Soil Organic Matter Using Analytical Pyrolysis", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Soil organic matter", "Central Portugal", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Wildfire", "15. Life on land", "Py-GC/MS", "Eucalypt", "Pine", "Wildfires"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.032"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.032", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.032", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.01.032"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.044", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-02", "title": "A simple awareness campaign to promote food waste reduction in a University canteen", "description": "Food waste has important environmental, social and economic impacts and increasing attention has been given lately to the unparalleled scale of food waste in the food supply chain worldwide. An initiative aiming to reduce food waste was tested at the School of Agriculture canteen (University of Lisbon, Portugal). The 'Clean dish, clean conscience!' initiative consisted of a simple and inexpensive education campaign to raise awareness of reducing plate waste, by establishing the connection between food waste and personal behaviour. As a first stage plate waste from canteen users was measured over a 10\u202fday period. After this period, a waste consumption index and per capita waste consumption were calculated to evaluate the level of satisfaction of the consumer and the related concern about food wastage, and was classified as Bad. After this first stage it was concluded that the users did not have strong convictions about avoiding food waste. During the second stage of the project an education campaign was implemented with plate waste being monitored for a further 16\u202fdays to assess the effectiveness of the campaign. The approach consisted of displaying simple and affordable informative posters in strategic areas of the canteen with simple messages reminding not to accept food they knew they would not eat. This led to a mean reduction in the waste consumption index of \u223c15%. A parallel action encouraging separation of organic and inorganic waste was implemented as well, with an active participation of >70% of the users. The initiative achieved its objective of reducing plate waste by raising awareness of the daily food waste problem at the institution's canteen and by suggesting 'how-to' actions for reducing such waste. This study showed how avoidable waste can be reduced simply by making students aware of the topic of food waste. Simple strategies may be useful to improve behaviours and increase sustainability of the canteens at Universities although this proved to be only efficient with the collaboration of the canteen staff that needs solid education. From the results, a set of measures was presented to the University Social Services for adoption to ensure a permanent reduction of food waste and recyclables in the University canteens.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Schools", "Portugal", "Universities", "Waste Management", "Food", "0502 economics and business", "05 social sciences", "11. Sustainability", "Food Services", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pinto, Renata Soares, Pinto, Renata Machado dos Santos, Melo, Felipe Fochat Silva, Campos, Suzana Santos, Cordovil, Cl\u00e1udia Marques-dos-Santos,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.044"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Waste%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.044", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.044", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.02.044"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0198955", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:20:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-21", "title": "Mapping Portuguese Natura 2000 sites in risk of biodiversity change caused by atmospheric nitrogen pollution", "description": "In this paper, we assess and map the risk that atmospheric nitrogen (atN) pollution poses to biodiversity in Natura 2000 sites in mainland Portugal. We first review the ecological impacts of atN pollution on terrestrial ecosystems, focusing on the biodiversity of Natura 2000 sites. These nature protection sites, especially those located within the Mediterranean Basin, are under-characterized regarding the risk posed by atN pollution. We focus on ammonia (NH3) because this N form is mostly associated with agriculture, which co-occurs at or in the immediate vicinity of most areas of conservation interest in Portugal. We produce a risk map integrating NH3 emissions and the susceptibility of Natura 2000 sites to atN pollution, ranking habitat sensitivity to atN pollution using expert knowledge from a panel of Portuguese ecological and habitat experts. Peats, mires, bogs, and similar acidic and oligotrophic habitats within Natura 2000 sites (most located in the northern mountains) were assessed to have the highest relative risk of biodiversity change due to atN pollution, whereas Natura 2000 sites in the Atlantic and Mediterranean climate zone (coastal, tidal, and scrubland habitats) were deemed the least sensitive. Overall, results allowed us to rank all Natura 2000 sites in mainland Portugal in order of evaluated risk posed by atN pollution. The approach is of great relevance for stakeholders in different countries to help prioritize site protection and to define research priorities. This is especially relevant in countries with a lack of expertise to assess the impacts of nitrogen on biodiversity and can represent an important step up from current knowledge in such countries.", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Nitrogen", "Science", "air pollution", "01 natural sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "atmospheric nitrogen pollution", "habitats", "Air Pollution", "11. Sustainability", "pollution", "Natura 2000", "14. Life underwater", "conservation science", "biodiversity", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "forests", "water pollution", "Portugal", "Atmosphere", "Q", "R", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "biodiversity change", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "ecosystems", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198955"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0198955", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0198955", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0198955"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.24215/15155994e209", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-24", "title": "Regad\u00edo y desarrollo agr\u00edcola en Portugal: repercusiones de la construcci\u00f3n de presas en el Alentejo (1958-2022)", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Desde el siglo XVII, el regad\u00edo se apunta como una soluci\u00f3n para asentar poblaci\u00f3n en el Alentejo debido al aumento de la producci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola y la consecuente reforma agraria. Sin embargo, solo desde mediados del siglo XX se produjo un crecimiento de las zonas de regad\u00edo. Despu\u00e9s de m\u00e1s de seis d\u00e9cadas, este trabajo estudia el impacto de la construcci\u00f3n de la presa de Maranh\u00e3o, Avis, Alentejo cruzando los objetivos fijados con la respectiva evoluci\u00f3n demogr\u00e1fica, econ\u00f3mica y social. Del an\u00e1lisis de distintas series estad\u00edsticas se concluye que la mayor\u00eda de los objetivos no se alcanzaron. Avis es hoy un territorio despoblado, con bajos \u00edndices de desarrollo y una estructura agraria latifundista. Adem\u00e1s, se ha producido una expansi\u00f3n de los monocultivos intensivos, poniendo en peligro la sostenibilidad medioambiental regional. Esta reflexi\u00f3n basada en el an\u00e1lisis hist\u00f3rico es fundamental en un momento en que se anuncia la construcci\u00f3n de nuevas presas.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Humanidades::Hist\u00f3ria e Arqueologia", "Reforma Agraria", "despoblaci\u00f3n", "Ciencias Sociales", "historia agraria", "Agrarian history", "Historia", "HM401-1281", "Despoblaci\u00f3n", "Despovoamento", "Regad\u00edo", "agricultura", "reforma agraria", "11. Sustainability", "Regadio", "Sociology (General)", "Historia agraria", "Reforma Agr\u00e1ria", "Irrigation", "2. Zero hunger", "Portugal", "Land Reform", "Agricultura", "Depopulation", "Agriculture", "Trabalho digno e crescimento econ\u00f3mico", "15. Life on land", "alentejo (portugal)", "6. Clean water", "Alentejo", "Educa\u00e7\u00e3o de qualidade", "Alentejo (Portugal)", "13. Climate action", "Hist\u00f3ria Agr\u00e1ria", "regad\u00edo", "Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform", "HN1-995"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.24215/15155994e209"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Mundo%20Agrario", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.24215/15155994e209", "name": "item", "description": "10.24215/15155994e209", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.24215/15155994e209"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.33231/j.ihe.2025.01.03", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:21:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-02-05", "title": "Not all wheats are the same: selection and improvement of wheat in Portugal since early modern times (16th to 20th centuries)", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>This article examines the dissemination processes and geography of wheat species and varieties in Portugal between the 16th and the 20th centuries. Based on a wide range of sources, from monastic records to official agricultural reports and oral interviews, it is concluded that the conditions that shaped the traditional division between soft varieties in the north and hard varieties in the south had changed by the late 19th century. At that point, soft landraces thrived in the south, but were soon replaced by improved/hybridized varieties, many of which were imported. Thus, wheat landraces persisted only in the mountainous peripheral areas, due to the agroecological and socioeconomic context. It is also emphasized that Portugal did not lag the most central countries in terms of agricultural biotechnology development.</p></article>", "keywords": ["ART\u00cdCULOS", "Portugal", "Wheat varieties", "Wheat", "Biotechnologyl", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.33231/j.ihe.2025.01.03"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Investigaciones%20de%20Historia%20Econ%C3%B3mica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.33231/j.ihe.2025.01.03", "name": "item", "description": "10.33231/j.ihe.2025.01.03", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.33231/j.ihe.2025.01.03"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/w10040406", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:22:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-30", "title": "A Simplified Nitrogen Assessment in Tagus River Basin: A Management Focused Review", "description": "<p>Interactions among nitrogen (N) management and water resources quality are complex and enhanced in transboundary river basins. This is the case of Tagus River, which is an important river flowing from Spain to Portugal in the Iberian Peninsula. The aim was to provide a N assessment review along the Tagus River Basin regarding mostly agriculture, livestock, and urban activities. To estimate reactive nitrogen (Nr) load into surface waters, emission factor approaches were applied. Nr pressures are much higher in Spain than in Portugal (~13 times), which is mostly because of livestock intensification. Some policy and technical measures have been defined aiming at solving this problem. Main policy responses were the designation of Nitrate Vulnerable and Sensitive Zones, according to European Union (EU) directives. Nitrate Vulnerable Zone comprise approximately one third of both territories. On the contrary, Sensitive Zones are more extended in Spain, attaining 60% of the watershed, against only 30% in Portugal. Technical measures comprised advanced urban and industrial wastewater treatment that was designed to remove N compounds before discharge in the water bodies. Given this assessment, Tagus River Basin sustainability can only be guaranteed through load inputs reductions and effective transnational management processes of water flows.</p>", "keywords": ["STRATEGIES", "SURFACE", "IMPACT", "Tagus river basin", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "12. Responsible consumption", "11. Sustainability", "PORTUGAL", "FIELD", "agriculture", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "LAND-USE", "Sensitive Zones", "measures", "15. Life on land", "Tagus River Basin", "6. Clean water", "Vulnerable Zones", "PHOSPHORUS", "WATER-QUALITY", "13. Climate action", "impact", "SOIL-CROP ENVIRONMENT", "sensitive zones", "AGRICULTURAL DOMINATED CATCHMENTS", "vulnerable zones"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/10/4/406/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/w10040406"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Water", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/w10040406", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/w10040406", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/w10040406"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10316/118245", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-30T16:25:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-02-05", "title": "Not all wheats are the same: selection and improvement of wheat in Portugal since early modern times (16th to 20th centuries)", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>This article examines the dissemination processes and geography of wheat species and varieties in Portugal between the 16th and the 20th centuries. Based on a wide range of sources, from monastic records to official agricultural reports and oral interviews, it is concluded that the conditions that shaped the traditional division between soft varieties in the north and hard varieties in the south had changed by the late 19th century. At that point, soft landraces thrived in the south, but were soon replaced by improved/hybridized varieties, many of which were imported. Thus, wheat landraces persisted only in the mountainous peripheral areas, due to the agroecological and socioeconomic context. It is also emphasized that Portugal did not lag the most central countries in terms of agricultural biotechnology development.</p></article>", "keywords": ["ART\u00cdCULOS", "Portugal", "Wheat varieties", "Wheat", "Biotechnologyl", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10316/118245"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Investigaciones%20de%20Historia%20Econ%C3%B3mica", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10316/118245", "name": "item", "description": "10316/118245", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10316/118245"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1822/87419", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:26:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-24", "title": "Regad\u00edo y desarrollo agr\u00edcola en Portugal: repercusiones de la construcci\u00f3n de presas en el Alentejo (1958-2022)", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Desde el siglo XVII, el regad\u00edo se apunta como una soluci\u00f3n para asentar poblaci\u00f3n en el Alentejo debido al aumento de la producci\u00f3n agr\u00edcola y la consecuente reforma agraria. Sin embargo, solo desde mediados del siglo XX se produjo un crecimiento de las zonas de regad\u00edo. Despu\u00e9s de m\u00e1s de seis d\u00e9cadas, este trabajo estudia el impacto de la construcci\u00f3n de la presa de Maranh\u00e3o, Avis, Alentejo cruzando los objetivos fijados con la respectiva evoluci\u00f3n demogr\u00e1fica, econ\u00f3mica y social. Del an\u00e1lisis de distintas series estad\u00edsticas se concluye que la mayor\u00eda de los objetivos no se alcanzaron. Avis es hoy un territorio despoblado, con bajos \u00edndices de desarrollo y una estructura agraria latifundista. Adem\u00e1s, se ha producido una expansi\u00f3n de los monocultivos intensivos, poniendo en peligro la sostenibilidad medioambiental regional. Esta reflexi\u00f3n basada en el an\u00e1lisis hist\u00f3rico es fundamental en un momento en que se anuncia la construcci\u00f3n de nuevas presas.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Reforma Agraria", "despoblaci\u00f3n", "Ciencias Sociales", "historia agraria", "Agrarian history", "Historia", "HM401-1281", "Despoblaci\u00f3n", "Despovoamento", "Regad\u00edo", "agricultura", "reforma agraria", "11. Sustainability", "Regadio", "Sociology (General)", "Historia agraria", "Reforma Agr\u00e1ria", "Irrigation", "2. Zero hunger", "Portugal", "Land Reform", "Agricultura", "Depopulation", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "alentejo (portugal)", "6. Clean water", "Alentejo", "Alentejo (Portugal)", "13. Climate action", "Hist\u00f3ria Agr\u00e1ria", "regad\u00edo", "Social history and conditions. Social problems. 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The current version includes soil data from a set of 9934 horizons/layers studied in 3461 soil profiles across the country between 1966 and 2014. Data was extracted from scattered soil surveys, research projects, and academic studies carried out by public Portuguese and other European institutions. As the level of detail of soil information varied between datasets, a series of validation tests and harmonization procedures were implemented in order to access and improve the quality of the data", "formats": [{"name": "zip"}, {"name": "OGC:WFS"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["calcium", "calcium carbonate", "phosphorus", "cation exchange capacity", "magnesium", "nitrogen", "organic carbon", "potassium", "sodium", "bulk density", "soil depth", "pH", "texture", "water holding capacity", "soil profiles", "nutrients", "Soil science", "Europe", "Portugal"], "contacts": [{"name": "Maria da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o Gon\u00e7alves", "organization": "National Institute of Agricultural and Veterinary Research (Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria)", "position": "Investigator", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "maria.goncalves@iniav.pt"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, Avenida Rep\u00fablica"], "city": "Oeiras", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "2784\u2011505", "country": "Portugal"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Tiago Ramos", "organization": "Universidade de Lisboa - Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico - Marine, Environmental and Technology Center (MARETEC)", "position": "Investigator", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "tiagobramos@tecnico.ulisboa.pt"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Avenida Rovisco Pais, n\u00ba 1"], "city": "Lisbon", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "1049-001", "country": "Portugal"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "denominator": "10000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.isric.org/mapserv?map=/map/external.map", "name": "pt_infosolo", "protocol": "OGC:WFS", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.07.020", "name": "Scientific paper", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/external/PT-INFOSOLO.zip", "name": "Download zip", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/thumbnails/external/PT-INFOSOLO.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "25d0cf4d-1865-4d2a-be32-40a1b2483936", "name": "item", "description": "25d0cf4d-1865-4d2a-be32-40a1b2483936", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/25d0cf4d-1865-4d2a-be32-40a1b2483936"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1966-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2014-12-12T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "653b212150d1c818851529d3", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2023-10-27T03:32:01.573Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Land Use Capacity (PROTA) - Autonomous Region of the Azores (RAA)", "description": "Cartografia vetorial produzida no \u00e2mbito da elabora\u00e7\u00e3o do Plano Regional de Ordenamento do Territ\u00f3rio para a Regi\u00e3o Aut\u00f3noma dos A\u00e7ores (PROTA).  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The purpose of this study was to investigate the impacts of agricultural intensification in Europe, and to understand its environmental impact. Metal concentrations in soils were used from two consecutive Europe-wide geochemical surveys, sampled in 1998 (FOREGS survey) and 2009 (GEMAS survey). For land use, the 2010 Eurostat data were used. \n\nThe metals included in this data set are cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). The results on the fate of Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P) are included in a separate dataset. Cu and Zn are minor nutrients but at high inputs, they may cause adverse impacts on soil biodiversity, whereas Cd and Pb are toxic metals that may lead to soil degradation, by both affecting soil biodiversity and food quality. Metal budgets based on spatially explicit input and output data were calculated using the INTEGRATOR model; approximately 40,000 so-called NCUs as unique combinations of soil type, administrative region, slope class and altitude class were used. Available critical limits for food, water and soil organisms, from different existing regulations and studies, were converted to soil property-dependent critical metal concentrations (soil-based quality standards), which were then used to calculate critical metal inputs. \n\nThe results allow for the first time to identifying spatial hot spots for critical environmental impact of soil pollution for the four most abundant heavy metals. It thus informs policy processes important for planning and guiding sustainable agriculture and soil management. The work is methodologically novel, as it applies endpoint risk to thresholds in soils, and thus guides future impact studies. 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