{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.5194/bg-15-1933-2018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-11-21", "title": "Straw incorporation increases crop yield and soil organic carbon sequestration but varies under different natural conditions and farming practices in China: a system analysis", "description": "<p>Abstract. Loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) from agricultural soils is a key indicator of soil degradation associated with reductions in net primary productivity in crop production systems worldwide. Simple technical and locally appropriate solutions are required for farmers to increase SOC and to improve cropland management. In the last 30 years, straw incorporation has gradually been implemented across China in the context of agricultural intensification and rural livelihood improvement. A meta-analysis of data published before the end of 2016 was undertaken to investigate the effects of straw incorporation on crop production and SOC sequestration. The results of 68 experimental studies throughout China in different edaphic, climate regions and under different farming regimes were analyzed. Compared with straw removal, straw incorporation significantly sequestered SOC (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm depth) at the rate of 0.35 (range 0.31\uffe2\uff80\uff930.40)\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg C\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, increased crop grain yield by 13.4\uffe2\uff80\uff89% (range 9.3\uffe2\uff80\uff89%\uffe2\uff80\uff9318.4\uffe2\uff80\uff89%) and had a conversion efficiency of the applied straw-C as 16\uffe2\uff80\uff89%\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff892\uffe2\uff80\uff89% across the whole of China. The combined straw incorporation at the rate of 3\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg C\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 with mineral fertilizer of 200\uffe2\uff80\uff93400\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg N\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 was demonstrated to be the best combination for farmers to use with crop yield increased by 32.7\uffe2\uff80\uff89% (range 17.9\uffe2\uff80\uff89%\uffe2\uff80\uff9356.4\uffe2\uff80\uff89%) and SOC sequestrated by the rate of 0.85 (range 0.54\uffe2\uff80\uff931.15)\uffe2\uff80\uff89Mg C\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Straw incorporation achieved higher SOC sequestration rate and crop yield increment when applied to clay soils, under high cropping intensities, and in areas like Northeast China where the soil is being degraded. SOC responses were the greatest in the initial starting phase of straw incorporation and then declined and finally were negligible after 28\uffe2\uff80\uff9362 years, however, crop yield responses were initially low and then increased reaching their highest level at 11\uffe2\uff80\uff9315 years after straw incorporation. Overall, our study confirmed that straw incorporation did create a positive feedback loop of SOC enhancement together with increased crop production, and this is of great practical significance to straw management as agricultural intensifies in China and other regions in the world with different climate conditions.                         </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "Ecology", "Life", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1933-2018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-15-1933-2018", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-15-1933-2018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-15-1933-2018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-13", "title": "Climatic variation drives loss and restructuring of carbon and nitrogen in boreal forest wildfire", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. The boreal forest landscape covers approximately 10\u2009% of the earth's land area and accounts for almost 30\u2009% of the global annual terrestrial sink of carbon\u00a0(C). Increased emissions due to climate-change-amplified fire frequency, size, and intensity threaten to remove elements such as C and nitrogen\u00a0(N) from forest soil and vegetation at rates faster than they accumulate. This may result in large areas within the region becoming a net source of greenhouse gases, creating a positive feedback loop with a changing climate. Meter-scale estimates of area-normalized fire emissions are limited in Eurasian boreal forests, and knowledge of their relation to climate and ecosystem properties is sparse. This study sampled 50 separate Swedish wildfires, which occurred during an extreme fire season in 2018, providing quantitative estimates of C and N loss due to fire along a climate gradient. Mean annual precipitation had strong positive effects on total fuel, which was the strongest driver for increasing C and N losses. Mean annual temperature\u00a0(MAT) influenced both pre- and postfire organic layer soil bulk density and C\u2009:\u2009N ratio, which had mixed effects on C and N losses. Significant fire-induced loss of C estimated in the 50 plots was comparable to estimates in similar Eurasian forests but approximately a quarter of those found in typically more intense North American boreal wildfires. N loss was insignificant, though a large amount of fire-affected fuel was converted to a low C\u2009:\u2009N surface layer of char in proportion to increased MAT. These results reveal large quantitative differences in C and N losses between global regions and their linkage to the broad range of climate conditions within Fennoscandia. A need exists to better incorporate these factors into models to improve estimates of global emissions of C and N due to fire in future climate scenarios. Additionally, this study demonstrated a linkage between climate and the extent of charring of soil fuel and discusses its potential for altering C and N dynamics in postfire recovery.</p></article>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "QH540-549.5", "Climate Science", "Klimatvetenskap", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-21-109-2024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-01-05", "title": "Geographically divergent trends in snow disappearance timing and fire ignitions across boreal North America", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. The snow cover extent across the Northern Hemisphere has diminished, while the number of lightning ignitions and amount of burned area have increased over the last 5\u00a0decades with accelerated warming. However, the effects of earlier snow disappearance on fire are largely unknown. Here, we assessed the influence of snow disappearance timing on fire ignitions across 16 ecoregions of boreal North America. We found spatially divergent trends in earlier (later) snow disappearance, which led to an increasing (decreasing) number of ignitions for the northwestern (southeastern) ecoregions between 1980 and 2019. Similar northwest\u2013southeast divergent trends were observed in the changing length of the snow-free season and correspondingly the fire season length. We observed increases (decreases) over northwestern (southeastern) boreal North America which coincided with a continental dipole in air temperature changes between 2001 and 2019. Earlier snow disappearance induced earlier ignitions of between 0.22 and 1.43\u2009d earlier per day of earlier snow disappearance in all ecoregions between 2001 and 2019. Early-season ignitions (defined by the 20\u2009% earliest fire ignitions per year) developed into significantly larger fires in 8 out of 16 ecoregions, being on average 77\u2009% larger across the whole domain. Using a piecewise structural equation model, we found that earlier snow disappearance is a good direct proxy for earlier ignitions but may also result in a cascade of effects from earlier desiccation of fuels and favorable weather conditions that lead to earlier ignitions. This indicates that snow disappearance timing is an important trigger of land\u2013atmosphere dynamics. Future warming and consequent changes in snow disappearance timing may contribute to further increases in western boreal fires, while it remains unclear how the number and timing of fire ignitions in eastern boreal North America may change with climate change.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "QE1-996.5", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/109/2024/bg-21-109-2024.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-109-2024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-21-109-2024", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-21-109-2024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-21-109-2024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "<p>Abstract. Global climate change in the real world always exhibits simultaneous changes in multiple factors. Prediction of ecosystem responses to multi-factor global changes in a future world strongly relies on our understanding of their interactions. However, it is still unclear how nitrogen (N) deposition and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] would interactively influence forest floor soil respiration in subtropical China. We assessed the main and interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration by growing tree seedlings in ten large open-top chambers under CO2 (ambient CO2 and 700 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and nitrogen (ambient and 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) treatments. Soil respiration, soil temperature and soil moisture were measured for 30 months, as well as above-ground biomass, root biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Results showed that soil respiration displayed strong seasonal patterns with higher values observed in the wet season (April\uffe2\uff80\uff93September) and lower values in the dry season (October\uffe2\uff80\uff93March) in all treatments. Significant exponential relationships between soil respiration rates and soil temperatures, as well as significant linear relationships between soil respiration rates and soil moistures (below 15%) were found. Both CO2 and N treatments significantly affected soil respiration, and there was significant interaction between elevated [CO2] and N addition (p&lt;0.001, p=0.003, and p=0.006, respectively). We also observed that the stimulatory effect of individual elevated [CO2] (about 29% increased) was maintained throughout the experimental period. The positive effect of N addition was found only in 2006 (8.17% increased), and then had been weakened over time. Their combined effect on soil respiration (about 50% increased) was greater than the impact of either one alone. Mean value of annual soil respiration was 5.32 \uffc2\uffb1 0.08, 4.54 \uffc2\uffb1 0.10, 3.56 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 and 3.53 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 kg CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the chambers exposed to elevated [CO2] and high N deposition (CN), elevated [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CC), ambient [CO2] and high N deposition (NN), and ambient [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CK as a control), respectively. Greater above-ground biomass and root biomass was obtained in the CN, CC and NN treatments, and higher soil organic matter was observed only in the CN treatment. In conclusion, the combined effect of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration was apparent interaction. They should be evaluated in combination in subtropical forest ecosystems in China where the atmospheric CO2 and N deposition have been increasing simultaneously and remarkably.                     </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qi Deng, Shuangquan Liu, Honglang Duan, Guoyi Zhou, Juxiu Liu, Dainan Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/gmd-17-8023-2024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-11", "title": "Simulating Ips typographus L. outbreak dynamics and their influence on carbon balance estimates with ORCHIDEE r8627", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. New (a)biotic conditions resulting from climate change are expected to change disturbance dynamics, such as windthrow, forest fires, droughts, and insect outbreaks, and their interactions. These unprecedented natural disturbance dynamics might alter the capability of forest ecosystems to buffer atmospheric CO2 increases, potentially leading forests to transform from sinks into sources of CO2. This study aims to enhance the ORCHIDEE land surface model to study the impacts of climate change on the dynamics of the bark beetle, Ips typographus, and subsequent effects on forest functioning. The Ips typographus outbreak model is inspired by previous work from Temperli et al.\u00a0(2013) for the LandClim landscape model. The new implementation of this model in ORCHIDEE r8627 accounts for key differences between ORCHIDEE and LandClim: (1)\u00a0the coarser spatial resolution of ORCHIDEE; (2)\u00a0the higher temporal resolution of ORCHIDEE; and (3)\u00a0the pre-existing process representation of windthrow, drought, and forest structure in ORCHIDEE. Simulation experiments demonstrated the capability of ORCHIDEE to simulate a variety of post-disturbance forest dynamics observed in empirical studies. Through an array of simulation experiments across various climatic conditions and windthrow intensities, the model was tested for its sensitivity to climate, initial disturbance, and selected parameter values. The results of these tests indicated that with a single set of parameters, ORCHIDEE outputs spanned the range of observed dynamics. Additional tests highlighted the substantial impact of incorporating Ips typographus outbreaks on carbon dynamics. Notably, the study revealed that modeling abrupt mortality events as opposed to a continuous mortality framework provides new insights into the short-term carbon sequestration potential of forests under disturbance regimes by showing that the continuous mortality framework tends to overestimate the carbon sink capacity of forests in the 20- to 50-year range in ecosystems under high disturbance pressure compared to scenarios with abrupt mortality events. This model enhancement underscores the critical need to include disturbance dynamics in land surface models to refine predictions of forest carbon dynamics in a changing climate.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "QE1-996.5", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "Geology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-8023-2024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/gmd-17-8023-2024", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/gmd-17-8023-2024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/gmd-17-8023-2024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11250/3212345", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-01-31", "title": "Contrasting seasonal patterns in particle aggregation and dissolved organic matter transformation in a sub-Arctic fjord", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Particulate (POM) and dissolved (DOM) organic matter in the ocean are important components of the Earth's biogeochemical cycle. The two are in a constant state of dynamic change as a result of physical and biochemical processes; however, they are mostly treated as two distinct entities, separated operationally by a filter. We studied the seasonal transition of DOM and POM pools and their drivers in a sub-Arctic fjord by means of monthly environmental sampling and by performing experiments at selected time points. For the experiments, surface water (5\u2009m) was either pre-filtered through a GF/F filter (0.7\u2009\u00b5m) or left unfiltered, followed by 36\u2009h incubations. Before and after incubation, samples were collected for dissolved and particulate organic carbon concentrations (DOC, POC), extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), microbial community (flow cytometry), and molecular composition of DOM (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry \u2013 HPLC-HRMS). During the biologically productive period, when environmental POC concentrations were high (April, June, September), the filtered water showed an increase in POC concentrations. While POC concentrations increased in September, DOM lability decreased based on changes in the average hydrogen saturation and aromaticity of DOM molecules. In contrast, during the winter period (December and February), when environmental POC concentrations were low, lower concentrations of POC were measured at the end of the experiments compared to at the start. The change in POC concentrations was significantly different between the biologically productive period and the winter period (t test; p&lt;0.05). Simultaneously, the DOM pool became more labile during the incubation period, as indicated by changes in the average hydrogen saturation, aromaticity, and oxygen saturation, with implications for carbon cycling. The change in POC was not directly associated with an antagonistic change in DOC concentrations, highlighting the complexity of organic matter transformations, making the dynamics between POC and DOC difficult to quantify. However, in both periods, bacterial activity and EPS concentrations increased throughout the incubations, showing that bacterial degradation and physical DOM aggregation drive the transformations of POM and DOM in concert but at varying degrees under different environmental conditions.</p></article>", "keywords": ["particulate organic carbon", "seasonal variation", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "saturation", "aggregation", "surface water", "fjord", "Geology", "biogeochemical cycle", "Milj\u00f6vetenskap", "dissolved organic carbon", "microbial activity", "environmental conditions", "Life", "QH501-531", "microbial community", "Environmental Sciences", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/11250/3212345"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11250/3212345", "name": "item", "description": "11250/3212345", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11250/3212345"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1871.1/0b041c5c-edd1-45f1-895d-546207d34a0a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-03-21", "title": "Environmental drivers and remote sensing proxies of post-fire thaw depth in Eastern Siberian larch forests", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Boreal fire regimes are intensifying because of climate change and the northern parts of boreal forests are underlain by permafrost. Boreal fires combust vegetation and organic soils, which insulate permafrost, and as such deepen the seasonally thawed active layer and can lead to further carbon emissions to the atmosphere. Current understanding of the environmental drivers of post-fire thaw depth is limited but of critical importance. In addition, mapping thaw depth over fire scars may enable a better understanding of the spatial variability in post-fire responses of permafrost soils. We assessed the environmental drivers of post-fire thaw depth using field data from a fire scar in a larch-dominated forest in the continuous permafrost zone in Eastern Siberia. Particularly, summer thaw depth was deeper in burned (mean = 127.3 cm, standard deviation (sd) = 27.7 cm) than in unburned (98.1 cm, sd = 26.9 cm) landscapes one year after the fire, yet the effect of fire was modulated by landscape and vegetation characteristics. We found deeper thaw in well-drained landscape positions, in open larch forest often intermixed with Scots pine, and in high severity burns. The environmental drivers, site moisture, forest type and density, and fire severity explained 73.4 % of the measured thaw depth variability at the study sites. In addition, we evaluated the relationships between field-measured thaw depth and several remote sensing proxies. Albedo, the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR), land surface temperature (LST), and pre-fire Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from Landsat 8 imagery together explained 66.3 % of the variability in field-measured thaw depth. Based on these remote sensing proxies and multiple linear regression analysis, we estimated thaw depth over the entire fire scar, and found that LST displayed particularly strong correlations with post-fire thaw depth (r = 0.65, p &lt; 0.01). Our study reveals some of the governing processes of post-fire thaw depth development and shows the capability of Landsat imagery to estimate thaw depth at a landscape scale.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["Dynamic and structural geology", "QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "Science", "Q", "Geology", "QE500-639.5", "Deforestation", "15. Life on land", "Landsat", "Multiple linear regression", "Atmospheric temperature"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/15/1459/2024/esd-15-1459-2024.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1871.1/0b041c5c-edd1-45f1-895d-546207d34a0a"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20System%20Dynamics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1871.1/0b041c5c-edd1-45f1-895d-546207d34a0a", "name": "item", "description": "1871.1/0b041c5c-edd1-45f1-895d-546207d34a0a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1871.1/0b041c5c-edd1-45f1-895d-546207d34a0a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-03-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1871.1/bbc7e25d-d1b9-4c7d-baa4-1a09012f06b2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-21", "title": "Global biomass burning fuel consumption and emissions at 500\u2009m spatial resolution based on the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED)", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. In fire emission models, the spatial resolution of both the modelling framework and the satellite data used to quantify burned area can have considerable impact on emission estimates. Consideration of this sensitivity is especially important in areas with heterogeneous land cover and fire regimes and when constraining model output with field measurements. We developed a global fire emissions model with a spatial resolution of 500\u2009m using MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. To accommodate this spatial resolution, our model is based on a simplified version of the Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) modelling framework. Tree mortality as a result of fire, i.e.\u00a0fire-related forest loss, was modelled based on the overlap between 30\u2009m forest loss data and MODIS burned area and active fire detections. Using this new 500\u2009m model, we calculated global average carbon emissions from fire of 2.1\u00b10.2 (\u00b11\u03c3 interannual variability, IAV)\u2009Pg\u2009C\u2009yr\u22121 during 2002\u20132020. Fire-related forest loss accounted for 2.6\u00b10.7\u2009% (uncertainty range =1.9\u2009%\u20133.3\u2009%) of global burned area and 24\u00b16\u2009% (uncertainty range =16\u2009%\u201331\u2009%) of emissions, indicating that fuel consumption in forest fires is an order of magnitude higher than the global average. Emissions from the combustion of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the boreal region and tropical peatlands accounted for 13\u00b14\u2009% of global emissions. Our global fire emissions estimate was higher than the 1.5\u2009Pg\u2009C\u2009yr\u22121 from GFED4 and similar to 2.1\u2009Pg\u2009C\u2009yr\u22121 from GFED4s. Even though GFED4s included more burned area by accounting for small fires undetected by the MODIS burned area mapping algorithm, our emissions were similar to GFED4s due to higher average fuel consumption. The global difference in fuel consumption could mainly be explained by higher SOC emissions from the boreal region as constrained by additional measurements. The higher resolution of the 500\u2009m model also contributed to the difference by improving the simulation of landscape heterogeneity and reducing the scale mismatch in comparing field measurements to model grid cell averages during model calibration. Furthermore, the fire-related forest loss algorithm introduced in our model led to more accurate and widespread estimation of high-fuel-consumption burned area. Recent advances in burned area detection at resolutions of 30\u2009m and finer show a substantial amount of burned area that remains undetected with 500\u2009m sensors, suggesting that global carbon emissions from fire are likely higher than our 500\u2009m estimates. The ability to model fire emissions at 500\u2009m resolution provides a framework for further improvements with the development of new satellite-based estimates of fuels, burned area, and fire behaviour, for use in the next generation of GFED.</p></article>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1871.1/bbc7e25d-d1b9-4c7d-baa4-1a09012f06b2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1871.1/bbc7e25d-d1b9-4c7d-baa4-1a09012f06b2", "name": "item", "description": "1871.1/bbc7e25d-d1b9-4c7d-baa4-1a09012f06b2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1871.1/bbc7e25d-d1b9-4c7d-baa4-1a09012f06b2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/vzj2.20059", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-12", "title": "Effects of microplastics and earthworm burrows on soil macropore water flow within a laboratory soil column setup", "description": "Abstract<p>Several earlier studies reported that microplastics (MP) accumulated on soil surfaces could be transported into the subsoil and ingested by soil biota, such as earthworms. The present study explores how networks of earthworm burrows and MP (low\uffe2\uff80\uff90density polyethylene, LDPE) in subsoil affect the soil hydraulic properties and saturated water flow. A repacked and saturated sandy soil column experiment was conducted in an environment\uffe2\uff80\uff90controlled laboratory with earthworms (anecic, Lumbricus terrestris) inoculated into the soil columns to form networks of macropore. The macropore network parameters (i.e., number, length, volume, diameter, soil saturated conductivity, and tracer breakthrough curves of soil columns) have been determined. The relative arrival times of the tracer mass (i.e. T5%, T25%, and T50%) were determined in order to describe the shapes of the breakthrough curves. The results show that in some breakthrough curves for the treatments with earthworms, there are two peaks. This is an indication that water was flowing faster in the macropores than in the soil matrix. There is a significant correlation between 5% arrival time and the median burrow volume, and the correlation coefficient was .571 (at the level of p\uffc2\uffa0&lt;\uffc2\uffa0.05). The formation of macropores due to the burrowing activities of earthworms is considered the main cause of nonequilibrium water flow in the present study. The MP did not show any significant effect on the saturated water flow. This may be attribute to the low concentrations of MP used in the present study.</p>", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "Life Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/vzj2.20059"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20059"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/vzj2.20059", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/vzj2.20059", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/vzj2.20059"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/vzj2.20115", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-26", "title": "Geophysics conquering new territories: The rise of \u201cagrogeophysics\u201d", "description": "Abstract<p>Agriculture is facing immense challenges. We have to produce enough food while safe\uffe2\uff80\uff90guarding the environment for future generations. This results in the need to use less water and fertilizer, and to harness soil quality. Key to achieving this goal is improving the understanding of processes and interactions governing the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff93plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere continuum of agricultural ecosystems. Geophysical tools have great potential to better characterize and quantify these processes noninvasively from the plot to landscape scale. Nevertheless, a number of challenges remain for geophysical results to be better exploited by different scientific communities and by decision\uffe2\uff80\uff90makers. In this special section, we explore ongoing research in the relatively new field of agrogeophysics, and we provide an overview of potential applications and highlight future research needs.</p>", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "GE1-350", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.research.unipd.it/bitstream/11577/3449433/2/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal%20-%202021%20-%20Garr%c3%a9%20-%20Geophysics%20conquering%20new%20territories%20The%20rise%20of%20agrogeophysics.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/vzj2.20115"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20115"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/vzj2.20115", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/vzj2.20115", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/vzj2.20115"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-05-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/vzj2.20227", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-31", "title": "Analyzing dual porosity in soil hydraulic properties using soil databases for pedotransfer function development", "description": "Abstract                   <p>                     Current databases of soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) have typically been used to develop pedotransfer functions (PTFs) to estimate water retention [\uffce\uffb8(                     h                     )] assuming a unimodal pore\uffe2\uff80\uff90size distribution. However, natural soils often show the presence of bimodal to multimodal pore\uffe2\uff80\uff90size distributions. Here, we used three widely spread databases for PTF development: UNsaturated SOil hydraulic DAtabase (UNSODA) 2.0, Vereecken, and European hydropedological data inventory (EU\uffe2\uff80\uff90HYDI), to analyze the presence of structural effects in both \uffce\uffb8(                     h                     ) and hydraulic conductivity [                     K                     (                     h                     )]. Only undisturbed samples were included in the analysis that contained enough datapoints for both \uffce\uffb8(                     h                     ) and                     K                     (                     h                     ) properties, especially in the wet range. One\uffe2\uff80\uff90hundred ninety\uffe2\uff80\uff90two samples were suitable for our analysis, which is only 1% of the total samples in the three databases. Results showed that 65% of the samples exhibited a bimodal pore\uffe2\uff80\uff90size distribution, and bimodality was not limited to fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured but also coarser\uffe2\uff80\uff90textured soils. The Mualem\uffe2\uff80\uff93van Genuchten (MvG) expression for both unimodal and bimodal soils was not able to predict the observed unsaturated                     K                     . Only a joint fitting of measured \uffce\uffb8(                     h                     ) and                     K                     (                     h                     ) functions provided parameter estimates that were able to describe unsaturated                     K                     for uni\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and bimodal soils. In addition, we observed a negative relationship between                     \uffce\uffb1                     and                     n                     in the case of low sand content (&lt;52%) for both unimodal and bimodal matrix domain properties, contradicting the classical notion. The ratio of \uffce\uffb1 for the macropore and matrix domain was positively correlated with the fraction of macropores and sand content. We anticipate that the results will contribute to deriving PTF for structured soils and avoid unrealistic combinations of MvG parameters.                   </p", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/vzj2.20227"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20227"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/vzj2.20227", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/vzj2.20227", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/vzj2.20227"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/vzj2.20161", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-08", "title": "Compensatory hydraulic uptake of water by tomato due to variable root\u2010zone salinity", "description": "Abstract<p>Plant root systems are exposed to spatial and temporal heterogeneity regarding water availability. In the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term, compensation, increased uptake by roots in areas with favorable conditions in response to decreased uptake in areas under stress, is driven by root growth and distribution. In the short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term (hours\uffe2\uff80\uff93days), compensative processes are less understood. We hypothesized hydraulic compensation where local lowered water availability is accompanied by increased uptake from areas where water remains available. Our objective was to quantify instantaneous hydraulic root uptake under conditions of differential water availability. Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants were grown in split\uffe2\uff80\uff90root weighing\uffe2\uff80\uff90drainage lysimeters in which each half of the roots could alternatively be exposed to short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term conditions of salinity. Uptake was quantified from each of the two root zone compartments. One\uffe2\uff80\uff90sided exposure to salinity immediately led to less uptake from the salt\uffe2\uff80\uff90affected compartment and increased uptake from the nontreated compartment. Compensation occurred at salinity, caused by NaCl solution of 4 dS m\uffe2\uff88\uff921, that did not decrease uptake in plants with entire root systems exposed. At higher salinity, 6.44 dS m\uffe2\uff88\uff921, transpiration decreased by \uffe2\uff88\uffbc50% when the total root system was exposed. When only half of the roots were exposed, total uptake was maintained at levels of nonstressed plants with as much as 85% occurring from the nontreated compartment. The extent of compensation was not absolute and apparently a function of salinity, atmospheric demand, and duration of exposure. As long as there is no hydraulic restriction in other areas, temporary reduction in water availability in some parts of a tomato's root zone will not affect plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale transpiration.</p", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/vzj2.20161"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20161"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/vzj2.20161", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/vzj2.20161", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/vzj2.20161"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/vzj2.20300", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-12-20", "title": "Soil carbon determination for long\u2010term monitoring revisited using thermo\u2010gravimetric analysis", "description": "Abstract                   <p>                     Soils and the vadose zone are the major terrestrial repository of carbon (C) in the form of soil organic matter (SOM), more resistant black carbon (BC), and inorganic carbonate. Differentiating between these pools is important for assessing vulnerability to degradation and changes in the C cycle affecting soil health and climate regulation. Major monitoring programs from field to continent are now being undertaken to track changes in soil carbon (SC). Inexpensive, robust measures that can differentiate small changes in the C pools in a single measurement are highly desirable for long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term monitoring. In this study, we assess the accuracy and precision of thermo\uffe2\uff80\uff90gravimetric analysis (TGA) using organic matter standards, clay minerals, and soils from a national data set. We investigate the use of TGA to routinely differentiate between C pools, something no single measurement has yet achieved. Based on the kinetic nature of thermal oxidation of SC combined with the different thermodynamic stabilities of the molecules, we designed a new method to quantify the inorganic and organic SC and further separate the organic biogeochemically active SOM (as loss on ignition, LOI) from the resistant BC in soils. We analyze the TGA spectrums of a national soil monitoring data set (                     n                     = 456) and measure total carbon (TC) using thermal oxidation and also demonstrate a TC/LOI relationship of 0.55 for soils ranging from mineral soils to peat for the United Kingdom consistent with previous monitoring campaigns.                   </p", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20300"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/vzj2.20300", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/vzj2.20300", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/vzj2.20300"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/vzj2.20378", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-01", "title": "Segmental retention models for representing the hydraulic properties of evolving structured soils", "description": "Abstract<p>Common parametrizations of soil hydraulic properties rely on unimodal curves, which cannot accurately represent the properties of many macroporous, aggregated, mixed, or compacted soils. Multimodal hydraulic curves are increasingly used to represent these structured soils in eco\uffe2\uff80\uff90hydrological models, but the dynamics of the processes that shape soil structure\uffe2\uff80\uff94and the resulting dynamics of soil hydraulic properties\uffe2\uff80\uff94are often neglected. In cases such as compaction recovery, where the structure\uffe2\uff80\uff90shaping process can be modeled, coupling the evolving pore volumes to soil hydraulic properties in a physically based way remains challenging. Here, we show how modeled or estimated soil structure evolution, when expressed as a time series of porosities in a few pore size classes, can be assimilated into established models of soil hydraulic properties. Our method relies on the division of retention models into smooth segments, whose water contents can be independently adjusted. We apply the approach to examples of modeled soil structure evolution from the published literature: one describing soil structure recovery after compaction and one describing structure formation as a result of organic amendment. In the cases considered, the estimated soil hydraulic conductivity varies more strongly than the modeled porosity which drives it. This shows that transport\uffe2\uff80\uff90related soil functions can be impacted longer (after compaction) or sooner (after amendment) than suggested by the evolution of structural metrics such as porosity. In general, modeling the evolution of soil hydraulic properties in cases such as these paves the way for holistic, process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based modeling of land management practices and their impact on soil\uffc2\uffa0functioning.</p", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "GE1-350", "Geology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20378"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/vzj2.20378", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/vzj2.20378", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/vzj2.20378"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/vzj2.20315", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-28", "title": "Microbial mediated carbon and nitrogen cycling in the spatially heterogeneous vadose zone: A modeling study", "description": "Abstract                   <p>Spatially distributed properties of the subsurface result in varying water saturation and preferential flow paths, which lead to heterogeneous solute transport patterns and heterogeneous microbial environments. This, in turn, influences the distribution of nutrients and energy gradients, microbial biomass, and activity thereof. By their very nature, current field sampling techniques do not resolve subsampling scale heterogeneities in microbial biomass and activity, resulting in inaccurate estimates of microbially mediated carbon and nitrogen turnover in the heterogeneous subsurface. Thus, in this study, we undertook a numerical modeling approach to study the impact of spatial heterogeneity on microbially mediated carbon and nitrogen turnover in the vadose zone. We adapted an established biogeochemical process network that captures a variety of respiration pathways, carbon decomposition strategies, and microbial life processes to simulate microbially mediated carbon and nitrogen turnover in variably saturated spatially heterogeneous settings, using an established numerical tool (OGS#BRNS). The fractionation of microbial communities into active and inactive states, as well as immobile and mobile states followed could be linked to the bulk average saturation. Lastly, we identified three reactive systems, distinguished by the rate ratio of aerobic respiration and transfer of oxygen from the air to the water phase, to evaluate the impact of spatial heterogeneity on carbon and nitrogen removal in subsurface heterogeneous domains. Specifically, when this ratio is approximately 1, there is no impact on carbon removal, while when this ratio is very high, then carbon removal decreases as the domain tends to be oxygen limited.</p", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "13. Climate action", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "GE1-350", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.20315"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/vzj2.20315", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/vzj2.20315", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/vzj2.20315"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/vzj2.70011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:14:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-03-23", "title": "Machine\u2010learning based spatiotemporal prediction of soil moisture in a grassland hillslope", "description": "Abstract                   <p>                     Soil moisture (SM) plays a significant role in the earth's water balance and in optimizing land management practices. However, SM at the field scale is difficult to map from available point measurements due to the inherent heterogeneity of soil and terrain properties and temporal dynamics of weather conditions. In this study, we explored the potential of four machine learning (ML) methods (random forest, gradient boosted regression trees, support vector regression, and neural networks) to predict SM in a grassland hillslope in space and time using auxiliary variables on soil and terrain properties and weather conditions. For training and testing the ML models, we used SM point measurements obtained by a sensor network. Performance metrics varied between the ML methods and the training\uffe2\uff80\uff90test data split (                     R                     2                     =                     0.48\uffe2\uff80\uff930.69, root\uffe2\uff80\uff90mean\uffe2\uff80\uff90square error [RMSE]                     =                     0.06\uffe2\uff80\uff930.10). Random forests and gradient\uffe2\uff80\uff90boosted regression trees turned out to be promising and easy to parametrize as first choices to explore the potential of ML techniques. The day of the year emerged as an important feature to predict SM across models and can thus serve as a proxy for seasonal hydroclimatic variability. To enable the transfer of the application to other contexts or sites, we provide the modeling workflow as an open\uffe2\uff80\uff90source computational Python module.                   </p", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "GE1-350", "Geology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/vzj2.70011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Vadose%20Zone%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/vzj2.70011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/vzj2.70011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/vzj2.70011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1871.1/891883ee-807c-4e15-9e00-d1ffccbd195f", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-14", "title": "Burned area and carbon emissions across northwestern boreal North America from 2001\u20132019", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Fire is the dominant disturbance agent in Alaskan and Canadian boreal ecosystems and releases large amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. Burned area and carbon emissions have been increasing with climate change, which have the potential to alter the carbon balance and shift the region from a historic sink to a source. It is therefore critically important to track the spatiotemporal changes in burned area and fire carbon emissions over time. Here we developed a new burned-area detection algorithm between 2001\u20132019 across Alaska and Canada at 500\u2009m (meters) resolution that utilizes finer-scale 30\u2009m Landsat imagery to account for land cover unsuitable for burning. This method strictly balances omission and commission errors at 500\u2009m to derive accurate landscape- and regional-scale burned-area estimates. Using this new burned-area product, we developed statistical models to predict burn depth and carbon combustion for the same period within the NASA Arctic\u2013Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) core and extended domain. Statistical models were constrained using a database of field observations across the domain and were related to a variety of response variables including remotely sensed indicators of fire severity, fire weather indices, local climate, soils, and topographic indicators. The burn depth and aboveground combustion models performed best, with poorer performance for belowground combustion. We estimate 2.37\u00d7106\u2009ha (2.37\u2009Mha) burned annually between 2001\u20132019 over the ABoVE domain (2.87\u2009Mha across all of Alaska and Canada), emitting 79.3\u2009\u00b1\u200927.96\u2009Tg (\u00b11 standard deviation) of carbon (C) per year, with a mean combustion rate of 3.13\u2009\u00b1\u20091.17\u2009kg\u2009C\u2009m\u22122. Mean combustion and burn depth displayed a general gradient of higher severity in the northwestern portion of the domain to lower severity in the south and east. We also found larger-fire years and later-season burning were generally associated with greater mean combustion. Our estimates are generally consistent with previous efforts to quantify burned area, fire carbon emissions, and their drivers in regions within boreal North America; however, we generally estimate higher burned area and carbon emissions due to our use of Landsat imagery, greater availability of field observations, and improvements in modeling. The burned area and combustion datasets described here (the ABoVE Fire Emissions Database, or ABoVE-FED) can be used for local- to continental-scale applications of boreal fire science.</p></article>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Carbon Emissions", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "limate change", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "Boreal ecosystems", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1871.1/891883ee-807c-4e15-9e00-d1ffccbd195f"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1871.1/891883ee-807c-4e15-9e00-d1ffccbd195f", "name": "item", "description": "1871.1/891883ee-807c-4e15-9e00-d1ffccbd195f", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1871.1/891883ee-807c-4e15-9e00-d1ffccbd195f"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100882", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-30", "title": "Surface water and groundwater interaction at long-term exploited riverbank filtration site based on groundwater flow modelling (Mosina-Krajkowo, Poland)", "description": "Study region: Poland, Warta River catchment. Study focus: The study aimed to explain the reasons for spatial variability in chloride concentrations at the Mosina-Krajkowo riverbank filtration (RBF) site located along the river. This variability is attributed to RBF\u2019s different intensity along the river sections, related, among others, to clogging development. The RBF effectiveness was studied using groundwater flow modelling by: examining the water balance in zones established on hydrogeological setting and chloride concentrations; travel time of the bankfiltrate investigation; RBF parametrisation (i.e. infiltration per unit area and specific infiltration per unit of riverbank). New Hydrological Insights for the Region: The study identifies zones of the most favourable RBF conditions and establishes the variability causes. The overall share bankfiltrate was found at 75.8 %. Its spatial variation ranged widely from 41.1\u201389.3%, confirming the usefulness of the RBF performance sectional analysis in managing this type of site. The highest proportion of surface water (>80 %) occurred along the straight river section, where the riverbed was built by fine and medium sands (preventing penetration of organic suspension into the aquifer). In contrast, the lowest values (<42 %) occurred in the meander zone (with the most favourable RBF conditions at the beginning of site operation), where deep erosion reached coarse-grained sediments in the river bottom, followed by the development of clogging processes and a decrease in the RBF efficiency with time.", "keywords": ["Physical geography", "QE1-996.5", "Riverbed clogging", "Numerical modelling", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "Geology", "Modflow", "02 engineering and technology", "Riverbank filtration", "6. Clean water", "Modpath", "GB3-5030"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100882"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology%3A%20Regional%20Studies", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100882", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100882", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100882"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100903", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:16:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-03", "title": "Evaluation of pedotransfer functions for predicting soil hydraulic properties: A voyage from regional to field scales across Europe", "description": "Study region: Europe. A total of 660, 522, and 4940 soil samples belonging to GRIZZLY, HYPRES, and EU-HYDI databases, respectively, were used for parametric evaluation. Study focus: The soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions are crucial input information for land surface models. Determining these functions by using direct methods is hampered by excessive time and unaffordable costs required for field activities and laboratory analyses. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are widely-used indirect techniques enabling soil hydraulic properties to be predicted by using easily-retrievable soil information. In a parametric evaluation, the predictive capability of PTFs is examined by comparing measured and estimated soil water retention parameters and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Yet information about the performance of PTFs for specific modeling applications is mandatory to evaluate PTF effectiveness in greater depth. This approach is commonly defined as functional evaluation. New hydrological insights for the region: The best performing four PTFs selected in the parametric evaluations are tested under two functional evaluations. The first encompasses a spatial interpolation with a geostatistical technique, whereas the second employs Hydrus-1D to simulate the water balance components along an experimental transect. Our results reinforce and integrate the insights of previous studies about the use of a PTF, and highlight the ability, or inability, of this technique to adequately reproduce the observed spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties and simulated water fluxes.", "keywords": ["S1 Agriculture (General) / mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1g \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban", "Physical geography", "QE1-996.5", "Water retention function", "Hydrus-1D", "saturated hydraulic conductivity", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "0207 environmental engineering", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "Semi-variogram", "S590 Soill / Talajtan", "Saturated hydraulic conductivity", "6. Clean water", "GB3-5030", "Kriging", "semi-variogram", "functional evaluation", "water retention function", "Functional evaluation", "kriging", "water retention function", " saturated hydraulic conductivity", " semi-variogram", " kriging", " functional evaluation", " Hydrus-1D"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100903"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology%3A%20Regional%20Studies", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100903", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100903", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ejrh.2021.100903"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100109", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:17:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-12", "title": "Unpacking the legal conundrum of nature-based soil remediation and sustainable biofuels production in the European Union", "description": "The fight against soil contamination and the development of sustainable fuels constitute major environmental and climate change objectives under the European Green Deal. At the same time, the uptake of nature-based solutions is increasingly advocated in the European Union as viable techniques to enhance soil ecosystem services while addressing the soil vs. food vs. energy conundrum to achieve the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the European Green Deal objectives. This contribution deals with unlocking the potential of phytoremediation both a soil remediation technique and a source of sustainable feedstock for advanced biofuels. Phytoremediation consists of the use of plants and their associated microbes to extract, volatilize, stabilize, or degrade soil pollutants. Furthermore, phytoremediation's by-products may be used to develop advanced, low indirect land use change biofuels thus contributing to the EU's climate change mitigation objectives.The value chain entailed in the deployment of phytoremediation techniques and recovery of phytoremediation's output materials for biofuels production faces an array of legal and policy roadblocks in the European Union. Importantly, such barriers relate both to material legal obstacles, policy fragmentation and lack of a holistic approach towards complex processes. This contribution aims to provide a comprehensive overview of such legal and policy roadblocks with a view to champion the embedding of phytoremediation in the existing EU legal framework also in relation to the development of low-Indirect Land Use Change biofuels.", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Soil contamination", "Biofuels", "Climate change", "Geology", "Phytoremediation"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100109"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Security", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100109", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100109", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soisec.2023.100109"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11850/627341", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-01", "title": "How well does ramped thermal oxidation quantify the age distribution of soil carbon? Assessing thermal stability of physically and chemically fractionated soil organic matter", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Carbon (C) in soils persists on a range of timescales depending on physical, chemical, and biological processes that interact with soil organic matter (SOM) and affect its rate of decomposition. Together these processes determine the age distribution of soil C. Most attempts to measure this age distribution have relied on operationally defined fractions using properties like density, aggregate stability, solubility, or chemical reactivity. Recently, thermal fractionation, which relies on the activation energy needed to combust SOM, has shown promise for separating young from old C by applying increasing heat to decompose SOM. Here, we investigated radiocarbon (14C) and 13C of C released during thermal fractionation to link activation energy to the age distribution of C in bulk soil and components previously separated by density and chemical properties. While physically and chemically isolated fractions had very distinct mean 14C values, they contributed C across the full temperature range during thermal analysis. Thus, each thermal fraction collected during combustion of bulk soil integrates contributions from younger and older C derived from components having different physical and chemical properties but the same activation energy. Bulk soil and all density and chemical fractions released progressively older and more 13C-enriched C with increasing activation energy, indicating that each operationally defined fraction itself was not homogeneous but contained a mix of C with different ages and degrees of microbial processing. Overall, we found that defining the full age distribution of C in bulk soil is best quantified by first separating particulate C prior to thermal fractionation of mineral-associated SOM. For the Podzol analyzed here, thermal fractions confirmed that \u223c\u200995\u2009% of the mineral-associated organic matter (MOM) had a relatively narrow 14C distribution, while 5\u2009% was very low in 14C and likely reflected C from the &lt;\u20092\u2009mm parent shale material in the soil matrix. After first removing particulate C using density or size separation, thermal fractionation can provide a rapid technique to study the age structure of MOM and how it is influenced by different OM\u2013mineral interactions.</p></article>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "550", "Ecology", "Soil Science", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Life", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/31636/1/stoner-s-w-et-al-20230830.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.11850/627341"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.11850/627341", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.11850/627341", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.11850/627341"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s43247-022-00523-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-18", "title": "Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry reveals widespread soil phosphorus limitation to microbial metabolism across Chinese forests", "description": "Abstract<p>Forest soils contain a large amount of organic carbon and contribute to terrestrial carbon sequestration. However, we still have a poor understanding of what nutrients limit soil microbial metabolism that drives soil carbon release across the range of boreal to tropical forests. Here we used ecoenzymatic stoichiometry methods to investigate the patterns of microbial nutrient limitations within soil profiles (organic, eluvial and parent material horizons) across 181 forest sites throughout China. Results show that, in 80% of these forests, soil microbes were limited by phosphorus availability. Microbial phosphorus limitation increased with soil depth and from boreal to tropical forests as ecosystems become wetter, warmer, more productive, and is affected by anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. We also observed an unexpected shift in the latitudinal pattern of microbial phosphorus limitation with the lowest phosphorus limitation in the warm temperate zone (41-42\uffc2\uffb0N). Our study highlights the importance of soil phosphorus limitation to restoring forests and predicting their carbon sinks.</p", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Nitrogen cycle", "Environmental science", "Nutrient cycle", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Terrestrial ecosystem", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Taiga", "Soil water", "Environmental Chemistry", "GE1-350", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Soil science", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Soil organic matter", "Ecology", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Phosphorus", "Carbon cycle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Environmental sciences", "Temperate climate", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Ecosystem Functioning", "Nutrient"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00523-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20Earth%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s43247-022-00523-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s43247-022-00523-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s43247-022-00523-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s43247-023-00740-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-03-18", "title": "Evidence for late winter biogeochemical connectivity in permafrost soils", "description": "Abstract<p>The permafrost active layer is a key supplier of soil organic carbon and mineral nutrients to Arctic rivers. In the active layer, sites of soil-water exchange are locations for organic carbon and nutrient mobilization. Previously these sites were considered as connected during summer months and isolated during winter months. Whether soil pore waters in active layer soils are connected during shoulder seasons is poorly understood. In this study, exceptionally heavy silicon isotope compositions in soil pore waters show that during late winter, there is no connection between isolated pockets of soil pore water in soils with a shallow active layer. However, lighter silicon isotope compositions in soil pore waters reveal that soils are biogeochemically connected for longer than previously considered in soils with a deeper active layer. We show that an additional 21% of the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff931\uffe2\uff80\uff89m soil organic carbon stock is exposed to soil - water exchange. This marks a hot moment during a dormant season, and an engine for organic carbon transport from active layer soils. Our findings mark the starting point to locate earlier pathways for biogeochemical connectivity, which need to be urgently monitored to quantify the seasonal flux of organic carbon released from permafrost soils.</p", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "snowmelt", "colloids", "13. Climate action", "arctic", "silicon", "Geology", "GE1-350", "early season", "15. Life on land", "permafrost"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00740-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20Earth%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s43247-023-00740-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s43247-023-00740-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s43247-023-00740-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-03-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s43247-022-00567-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-10-07", "title": "Ecosystem productivity has a stronger influence than soil age on surface soil carbon storage across global biomes", "description": "Abstract<p>Interactions between soil organic matter and minerals largely govern the carbon sequestration capacity of soils. Yet, variations in the proportions of free light (unprotected) and mineral-associated (protected) carbon as soil develops in contrasting ecosystems are poorly constrained. Here, we studied 16 long-term chronosequences from six continents and found that the ecosystem type is more important than soil age (centuries to millennia) in explaining the proportion of unprotected and mineral-associated carbon fractions in surface soils across global biomes. Soil carbon pools in highly productive tropical and temperate forests were dominated by the unprotected carbon fraction and were highly vulnerable to reductions in ecosystem productivity and warming. Conversely, soil carbon in low productivity, drier and colder ecosystems was dominated by mineral-protected carbon, and was less responsive to warming. Our findings emphasize the importance of conserving ecosystem productivity to protect carbon stored in surface soils.</p", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "0303 health sciences", "550", "Carbon Storage", "Nature Conservation", "Geology", "15. Life on land", ":Environmental engineering [Engineering]", "Environmental sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "GE1-350"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-022-00567-7.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-022-00567-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20Earth%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s43247-022-00567-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s43247-022-00567-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s43247-022-00567-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s43247-023-00830-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-05-08", "title": "Soil organic carbon models need independent time-series validation for reliable prediction", "description": "Abstract<p>Numerical models are crucial to understand and/or predict past and future soil organic carbon dynamics. For those models aiming at prediction, validation is a critical step to gain confidence in projections. With a comprehensive review of ~250 models, we assess how models are validated depending on their objectives and features, discuss how validation of predictive models can be improved. We find a critical lack of independent validation using observed time series. Conducting such validations should be a priority to improve the model reliability. Approximately 60% of the models we analysed are not designed for predictions, but rather for conceptual understanding of soil processes. These models provide important insights by identifying key processes and alternative formalisms that can be relevant for predictive models. We argue that combining independent validation based on observed time series and improved information flow between predictive and conceptual models will increase reliability in predictions.</p", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "QE1-996.5", "1900 General Earth and Planetary Sciences", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "2300 General Environmental Science", "Environmental sciences", "10122 Institute of Geography", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "910 Geography & travel", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-023-00830-5.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00830-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20Earth%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s43247-023-00830-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s43247-023-00830-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s43247-023-00830-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-05-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s43247-024-01441-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-06-04", "title": "Improved constraints on hematite refractive index for estimating climatic effects of dust aerosols", "description": "Abstract<p>Uncertainty in desert dust composition poses a big challenge to understanding Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s climate across different epochs. Of particular concern is hematite, an iron-oxide mineral dominating the solar absorption by dust particles, for which current estimates of absorption capacity vary by over two orders of magnitude. Here, we show that laboratory measurements of dust composition, absorption, and scattering provide valuable constraints on the absorption potential of hematite, substantially narrowing its range of plausible values. The success of this constraint is supported by results from an atmospheric transport model compared with station-based measurements. Additionally, we identify substantial bias in simulating hematite abundance in dust aerosols with current soil mineralogy descriptions, underscoring the necessity for improved data sources. Encouragingly, the next-generation imaging spectroscopy remote sensing data hold promise for capturing the spatial variability of hematite. These insights have implications for enhancing dust modeling, thus contributing to efforts in climate change mitigation and adaptation.</p", "keywords": ["Aerosols", "Mineral dusts", "QE1-996.5", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament hum\u00e0 i sostenible::Degradaci\u00f3 ambiental::Canvi clim\u00e0tic", "550", "500", "Geology", "Climatic changes", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental sciences", "[SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "13. Climate action", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Mineralogia", "GE1-350", "Pols minerals", "Canvis clim\u00e0tics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s43247-024-01441-4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01441-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20Earth%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s43247-024-01441-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s43247-024-01441-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s43247-024-01441-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-06-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s43247-024-01333-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-16", "title": "Restricted plant diversity limits carbon recapture after wildfire in warming boreal forests", "description": "Abstract<p>Incomplete wildfire combustion in boreal forests leaves behind legacy plant-soil feedbacks known to restrict plant biodiversity. These restrictions can inhibit carbon recapture after fire by limiting ecosystem transition to vegetation growth patterns that are capable of offsetting warmth-enhanced soil decomposition under climate change. Here, we field-surveyed plant regrowth conditions 2 years after 49 separate, naturally-occurring wildfires spanning the near-entire climatic range of boreal Fennoscandia in order to determine the local to regional scale drivers of early vegetation recovery. Minimal conifer reestablishment was found across a broad range of fire severities, though residual organic soil and plant structure was associated with restricted growth of a variety of more warmth-adapted vegetation, such as broadleaf trees. This dual regeneration limitation coincided with greater concentrations of bacterial decomposers in the soil under increased mean annual temperature, potentially enhancing soil carbon release. These results suggest that large portions of the boreal region are currently at risk of extending postfire periods of net emissions of carbon to the atmosphere under limitations in plant biodiversity generated by wildfire and a changing climate.</p", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "QE1-996.5", "0303 health sciences", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "Milj\u00f6vetenskap", "Climate Science", "Environmental sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "GE1-350", "Environmental Sciences", "Klimatvetenskap"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01333-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20Earth%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s43247-024-01333-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s43247-024-01333-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s43247-024-01333-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1038/s43247-024-01884-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:18:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-11-25", "title": "Frazil ice changes winter biogeochemical processes in the Lena River", "description": "The ice-covered period of large Arctic rivers is shortening. To what extent will this affect biogeochemical processing of nutrients? Here we reveal, with silicon isotopes (\u03b430Si), a key winter pathway for nutrients under river ice. During colder winter phases in the Lena River catchment, conditions are met for frazil ice accumulation, which creates microzones. These are conducive to a lengthened reaction time for biogeochemical processes under ice. The heavier \u03b430Si values (3.5\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5 \u2030) in river water reflect that 39\u2009\u00b1\u200911% of the Lena River discharge went through these microzones. Freezing-driven amorphous silica precipitation concomitant to increased ammonium concentration and changes in dissolved organic carbon aromaticity in Lena River water support microbially mediated processing of nutrients in the microzones. Upon warming, suppressing loci for winter intra-river nitrogen processing is likely to modify the balance between N2O production and consumption, a greenhouse gas with a large global warming potential.", "keywords": ["Environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "Geology", "GE1-350", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sophie Opfergelt, Fran\u00e7ois Gaspard, Catherine Hirst, Laurence Monin, Bennet Juhls, Anne Morgenstern, Michael Angelopoulos, Pier Paul Overduin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-024-01884-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Communications%20Earth%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1038/s43247-024-01884-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1038/s43247-024-01884-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1038/s43247-024-01884-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/essd-2020-392", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-24", "title": "The Large-eddy Observatory Voitsumra Experiment 2019 (LOVE19) with high-resolution, spatially-distributed observations of air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction from fiber-optic distributed sensing, towers, and ground-based remote sensing", "description": "<p>Abstract. The weak-wind stable boundary layer (wwSBL) is poorly described by theory and breaks basic assumptions necessary for observations of turbulence. Understanding the wwSBL requires distributed observations capable of separating between sub-mesoscales and turbulent scales. To this end, we present the Large eddy Observatory, Voitsumra Experiment 2019 (LOVE19) which featured 2105\uffe2\uff80\uff89m of fiber-optic distributed sensing (FODS) of air temperature and wind speed, as well as an experimental wind direction method, at scales as fine as 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89s and 0.127\uffe2\uff80\uff89m in addition to a suite of point observations of turbulence and ground-based remote sensing profiling. Additionally, flights with a fiber-optic cable attached to a tethered balloon (termed FlyFOX, Flying Fiber Optics eXperiment) provide an unprecedentedly detailed view of the boundary layer structure with a resolution of 0.254\uffe2\uff80\uff89m and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff89s between 1 and 200\uffe2\uff80\uff89m height. Two examples are provided, demonstrating the unique capabilities of the LOVE19 data for examining boundary layer processes: (1) FODS observations between 1 and 200\uffe2\uff80\uff89m height during a period of gravity waves propagating across the entire boundary layer and (2) tracking a near-surface, transient, sub-mesoscale structure that causes an intermittent burst of turbulence. All data can be accessed at Zenodo through the DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4312976 (Lapo et\uffc2\uffa0al.,\uffc2\uffa02020a).                     </p>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "550", "weak wind transport", "Atmospheric turbulence", "500", "Geology", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental sciences", "complex terrain", "morning transition", "submeso-scale motions", "13. Climate action", "GE1-350", "stable boundary layers", "fiber optic distributed sensing", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/885/2022/essd-14-885-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-392"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20System%20Science%20Data", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/essd-2020-392", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/essd-2020-392", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/essd-2020-392"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11850/391266", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-06", "title": "An open-source database for the synthesis of soil radiocarbon data: International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD) version 1.0", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Radiocarbon is a critical constraint on our estimates of the timescales of soil carbon cycling that can aid in identifying mechanisms of carbon stabilization and destabilization and improve the forecast of soil carbon response to management or environmental change. Despite the wealth of soil radiocarbon data that have been reported over the past 75\u00a0years, the ability to apply these data to global-scale questions is limited by our capacity to synthesize and compare measurements generated using a variety of methods. Here, we present the International Soil Radiocarbon Database (ISRaD; http://soilradiocarbon.org, last access: 16\u00a0December\u00a02019), an open-source archive of soil data that include reported measurements from bulk soils, distinct soil carbon pools isolated in the laboratory by a variety of soil fractionation methods, samples of soil gas or water collected interstitially from within an intact soil profile, CO2 gas isolated from laboratory soil incubations, and fluxes collected in situ from a soil profile. The core of ISRaD is a relational database structured around individual datasets (entries) and organized hierarchically to report soil radiocarbon data, measured at different physical and temporal scales as well as other soil or environmental properties that may also be measured and may assist with interpretation and context. Anyone may contribute their own data to the database by entering it into the ISRaD template and subjecting it to quality assurance protocols. ISRaD can be accessed through (1)\u00a0a web-based interface, (2)\u00a0an R package (ISRaD), or (3)\u00a0direct access to code and data through the GitHub repository, which hosts both code and data. The design of ISRaD allows for participants to become directly involved in the management, design, and application of ISRaD data. The synthesized dataset is available in two forms: the original data as reported by the authors of the datasets and an enhanced dataset that includes ancillary geospatial data calculated within the ISRaD framework. ISRaD also provides data management tools in the ISRaD-R package that provide a starting point for data analysis; as an open-source project, the broader soil community is invited and encouraged to add data, tools, and ideas for improvement. As a whole, ISRaD provides resources to aid our evaluation of soil dynamics across a range of spatial and temporal scales. The ISRaD v1.0 dataset is archived and freely available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2613911 (Lawrence et al., 2019).</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "QE1-996.5", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "ddc:550", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Panoply", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "004", "Environmental sciences", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/12/61/2020/essd-12-61-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.11850/391266"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20System%20Science%20Data", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.11850/391266", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.11850/391266", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.11850/391266"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/gmd-17-6903-2024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-09-16", "title": "Recent improvements and maximum covariance analysis of aerosol and cloud properties in the EC-Earth3-AerChem model", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Given the importance of aerosols and clouds and their interactions in the climate system, it is imperative that the global Earth system models accurately represent processes associated with them. This is an important prerequisite if we are to narrow the uncertainties in future climate projections. In practice, this means that continuous model evaluations and improvements grounded in observations are necessary. Numerous studies in the past few decades have shown both the usability and the limitations of utilizing satellite-based observations in understanding and evaluating aerosol\u2013cloud interactions, particularly under varying meteorological and satellite sensor sensitivity paradigms. Furthermore, the vast range of spatio-temporal scales at which aerosol and cloud processes occur adds another dimension to the challenges faced when evaluating climate models. In this context, the aim of this study is two-fold. (1)\u00a0We evaluate the most recent, significant changes in the representation of aerosol and cloud processes implemented in the EC-Earth3-AerChem model in the framework of the EU project FORCeS compared with its previous CMIP6 version (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase\u00a06; https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6/, last access: 13\u00a0February\u00a02019). We focus particularly on evaluating cloud physical properties and radiative effects, wherever possible, using a satellite simulator. We report on the overall improvements in the EC-Earth3-AerChem model. In particular, the strong warm bias chronically seen over the Southern Ocean is reduced significantly. (2)\u00a0A statistical, maximum covariance analysis is carried out between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud droplet (CD) effective radius based on the recent EC-Earth3-AerChem/FORCeS simulation to understand to what extent the Twomey effect can manifest itself in the larger spatio-temporal scales. We focus on the three oceanic low-level cloud regimes that are important due to their strong net cooling effect and where pollution outflow from the nearby continent is simultaneously pervasive. We report that the statistical covariability between AOD and CD effective radius is indeed dominantly visible even at the climate scale when the aerosol amount and composition are favourably preconditioned to allow for aerosol\u2013cloud interactions. Despite this strong covariability, our analysis shows a strong cooling/warming in shortwave cloud radiative effects at the top of the atmosphere in our study regions associated with an increase/decrease in CD effective radius. This cooling/warming can be attributed to the increase/decrease in low cloud fraction, in line with previous observational studies.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["Climatology", "QE1-996.5", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament hum\u00e0 i sostenible::Degradaci\u00f3 ambiental::Canvi clim\u00e0tic", "550", "Geology", "Aerosols atmosf\u00e8rics", "15. Life on land", "Atmospheric aerosols", "An\u00e0lisi de covari\u00e0ncia", "Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences", "13. Climate action", "Clouds", "Climatologia", "Analysis of covariance", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Mineralogia", "Meteorologi och atmosf\u00e4rsvetenskap", "14. Life underwater", "N\u00favols"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/17/6903/2024/gmd-17-6903-2024.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-6903-2024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/gmd-17-6903-2024", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/gmd-17-6903-2024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/gmd-17-6903-2024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1871.1/541c8054-8655-47b0-83f4-0210a7f88c62", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:25:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-01-05", "title": "Geographically divergent trends in snow disappearance timing and fire ignitions across boreal North America", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. The snow cover extent across the Northern Hemisphere has diminished, while the number of lightning ignitions and amount of burned area have increased over the last 5\u00a0decades with accelerated warming. However, the effects of earlier snow disappearance on fire are largely unknown. Here, we assessed the influence of snow disappearance timing on fire ignitions across 16 ecoregions of boreal North America. We found spatially divergent trends in earlier (later) snow disappearance, which led to an increasing (decreasing) number of ignitions for the northwestern (southeastern) ecoregions between 1980 and 2019. Similar northwest\u2013southeast divergent trends were observed in the changing length of the snow-free season and correspondingly the fire season length. We observed increases (decreases) over northwestern (southeastern) boreal North America which coincided with a continental dipole in air temperature changes between 2001 and 2019. Earlier snow disappearance induced earlier ignitions of between 0.22 and 1.43\u2009d earlier per day of earlier snow disappearance in all ecoregions between 2001 and 2019. Early-season ignitions (defined by the 20\u2009% earliest fire ignitions per year) developed into significantly larger fires in 8 out of 16 ecoregions, being on average 77\u2009% larger across the whole domain. Using a piecewise structural equation model, we found that earlier snow disappearance is a good direct proxy for earlier ignitions but may also result in a cascade of effects from earlier desiccation of fuels and favorable weather conditions that lead to earlier ignitions. This indicates that snow disappearance timing is an important trigger of land\u2013atmosphere dynamics. Future warming and consequent changes in snow disappearance timing may contribute to further increases in western boreal fires, while it remains unclear how the number and timing of fire ignitions in eastern boreal North America may change with climate change.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "QE1-996.5", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/109/2024/bg-21-109-2024.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1871.1/541c8054-8655-47b0-83f4-0210a7f88c62"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1871.1/541c8054-8655-47b0-83f4-0210a7f88c62", "name": "item", "description": "1871.1/541c8054-8655-47b0-83f4-0210a7f88c62", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1871.1/541c8054-8655-47b0-83f4-0210a7f88c62"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2078.1/257755", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-05", "title": "Changing sub-Arctic tundra vegetation upon permafrost degradation: impact on foliar mineral element cycling", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Arctic warming and permafrost degradation are modifying northern ecosystems through changes in microtopography, soil water dynamics, nutrient availability, and vegetation succession. Upon permafrost degradation, the release of deep stores of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, from newly thawed permafrost stimulates Arctic vegetation production. More specifically, wetter lowlands show an increase in sedges (as part of graminoids), whereas drier uplands favor shrub expansion. These shifts in the composition of vegetation may influence local mineral element cycling through litter production. In this study, we evaluate the influence of permafrost degradation on mineral element foliar stocks and potential annual fluxes upon litterfall. We measured the foliar elemental composition (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, P, S, Si, and Zn) of \u223c\u2009500 samples of typical tundra plant species from two contrasting Alaskan tundra sites, i.e., an experimental sedge-dominated site (Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research, CiPEHR) and natural shrub-dominated site (Gradient). The foliar concentration of these mineral elements was species specific, with sedge leaves having relatively high Si concentration and shrub leaves having relatively high Ca and Mn concentrations. Therefore, changes in the species biomass composition of the Arctic tundra in response to permafrost thaw are expected to be the main factors that dictate changes in elemental composition of foliar stocks and maximum potential foliar fluxes upon litterfall. We observed an increase in the mineral element foliar stocks and potential annual litterfall fluxes, with Si increasing with sedge expansion in wetter sites (CiPEHR), and Ca and Mn increasing with shrub expansion in drier sites (Gradient). Consequently, we expect that sedge and shrub expansion upon permafrost thaw will lead to changes in litter elemental composition and therefore affect nutrient cycling across the sub-Arctic tundra with potential implications for further vegetation succession.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "mineral elements", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "vegetation change", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "permafrost degradation", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/2333/2022/bg-19-2333-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2078.1/257755"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2078.1/257755", "name": "item", "description": "2078.1/257755", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2078.1/257755"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.31219/osf.io/t5c8z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:21:04Z", "type": "Report", "created": "2023-04-26", "title": "Climate change challenges and state fragility in the water, energy, food/land, raw material nexus and the position of hydrogen and Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage for increasing resilience", "description": "<p>Over the last decade, Europe has experienced a sharp increase in infrastructure expenditure due to the severe and frequent natural phenomena related to climate change. Local consequences, such as habitat destruction, finite freshwater availability and food scarcity exert significant pressure on the available ecological space. Therefore, there is a growing interest in assessing risks and vulnerabilities to climate change, which has already led to a wide range of impacts on environmental systems and society, including destabilising security. Increased environmental, social, and financial damage costs are expected in the future. Many of these imminent or ongoing challenges are related to the overexploitation of resources and the energy transition, requiring a more holistic approach to encouraging new technologies, that involves a whole-of-society approach and stakeholder participation. State-of-the-art CCUS and hydrogen energy technologies, offer sustainable solutions to mitigate the current situation, allowing a reduction in carbon emissions, a transition towards a low-carbon economy, and an increased overall resilience of the international community to climate change.</p>", "keywords": ["sdgs", "ccus", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "stakeholders", "12. Responsible consumption", "ccs", "11. Sustainability", "Cambio clim\u00e1tico", "resilience", "SDGs", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "sustainability", "6. Clean water", "CCS", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "hydrogen", "CCUS", "raw materials", "Almacenamiento C02", "water food energy nexus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/t5c8z"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.31219/osf.io/t5c8z", "name": "item", "description": "10.31219/osf.io/t5c8z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.31219/osf.io/t5c8z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-04-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s40623-018-0795-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-02-12", "title": "Detection of water vapor time variations associated with heavy rain in northern Italy by geodetic and low-cost GNSS receivers", "description": "Abstract GNSS atmospheric water vapor monitoring is not yet routinely performed in Italy, particularly at the regional scale. However, in order to support the activities of regional environmental protection agencies, there is a widespread need to improve forecasting of heavy rainfall events. Localized convective rain forecasts are often misplaced in space and/or time, causing inefficiencies in risk mitigation activities. Water vapor information can be used to improve these forecasts. In collaboration with the environmental protection agencies of the Lombardy and Piedmont regions in northern Italy, we have collected and processed GNSS and weather station datasets for two heavy rain events: one which was spatially widespread, and another which was limited to few square kilometers. The time variations in water vapor derived from a regional GNSS network with inter-station distances on the order of 50\u00a0km were analyzed, and the relationship between the time variations and the evolution of the rain events was evaluated. Results showed a signature associated with the passage of the widespread rain front over each GNSS station within the area of interest. There was a peak in the precipitable water vapor value when the heavier precipitation area surrounded the station, followed by a steep decrease (5\u201310\u00a0mm in about 1\u00a0h) as the rainclouds moved past the station. The smaller-scale event, a convective storm a few kilometers in extent, was not detected by the regional GNSS network, but strong fluctuations in water vapor were detected by a low-cost station located near the area of interest.", "keywords": ["QB275-343", "QE1-996.5", "Intense rainfall", "GNSS meteorology; Intense rainfall; PWV variations; Geology; Space and Planetary Science", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "G", "GNSS meteorology", "13. Climate action", "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation", "PWV variations", "Geodesy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://re.public.polimi.it/bitstream/11311/1069376/1/s40623-018-0795-7.pdf"}, {"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1186/s40623-018-0795-7.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-018-0795-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%2C%20Planets%20and%20Space", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s40623-018-0795-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s40623-018-0795-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s40623-018-0795-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-02-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-15-6941-2018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-21", "title": "Evaluation of simulated ozone effects in forest ecosystems against biomass damage estimates from fumigation experiments", "description": "<p>Abstract. Regional estimates of the effects of ozone pollution on forest growth depend on the availability of reliable injury functions that estimate a representative ecosystem response to ozone exposure. A number of such injury functions for forest tree species and forest functional types have recently been published and subsequently applied in terrestrial biosphere models to estimate regional or global effects of ozone on forest tree productivity and carbon storage in the living plant biomass. The resulting impacts estimated by these biosphere models show large uncertainty in the magnitude of ozone effects predicted. To understand the role that these injury functions play in determining the variability in estimated ozone impacts, we use the O-CN biosphere model to provide a standardised modelling framework. We test four published injury functions describing the leaf-level, photosynthetic response to ozone exposure (targeting the maximum carboxylation capacity of Rubisco (Vcmax) or net photosynthesis) in terms of their simulated whole-tree biomass responses against data from 23 ozone filtration/fumigation experiments conducted with young trees from European tree species at sites across Europe with a range of climatic conditions. Our results show that none of these previously published injury functions lead to simulated whole-tree biomass reductions in agreement with the observed dose\uffe2\uff80\uff93response relationships derived from these field experiments and instead lead to significant over- or underestimations of the ozone effect. By re-parameterising these photosynthetically based injury functions, we develop linear, plant-functional-type-specific dose\uffe2\uff80\uff93response relationships, which provide accurate simulations of the observed whole-tree biomass response across these 23 experiments.                     </p>", "keywords": ["arbre forestier", "plante enti\u00e8re", "550", "croissance v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "fumigation", "pollution atmosph\u00e9rique", "mod\u00e8le de simulation", "01 natural sciences", "333", "ozone effects", "Life", "QH501-531", "m\u00e9thode d'estimation", "QH540-549.5", "\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me forestier", "biomasse v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "biomass", "Ecology", "ddc:550", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "fumigation experiments", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Earth sciences", "ozone", "13. Climate action", "forest plants"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/15/6941/2018/bg-15-6941-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6941-2018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-15-6941-2018", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-15-6941-2018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-15-6941-2018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1515/logos-2017-0013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-09-23", "title": "Hydraulic conductivity changes in river valley sediments caused by river bank filtration \u2013 an analysis of specific well capacity", "description": "Abstract                <p> Parameters from archive data of the Kalisz-Lis waterworks, located in the Prosna River valley south of Kalisz, have been analysed. Well barrier discharges groundwater from Quaternary sediments which is mixed with riverbank filtration water. The analysis focused on specific well capacity, a parameter that represents the technical and natural aspects of well life. To exclude any aging factor, an examination of specific well capacity acquired only in the first pumping tests of a new well was performed. The results show that wells drilled between 1961 and 2004 have similar values of specific well capacity and prove that &gt; 40 years discharge has had little influence on hydrodynamic conditions of the aquifer, i.e., clogging has either not occurred or is of low intensity. This implies that, in the total water balance of the Kalisz- Lis well barrier, riverbank filtration water made little contribution. In comparison, a similar analysis of archive data on the Mosina-Krajkowo wells of two generations of well barriers located in the Warta flood plains was performed; this has revealed a different trend. There was a significant drop in specific well capacity from the first pumping test of substitute wells. Thus, long-term groundwater discharge in the Warta valley has had a great impact on the reduction of the hydraulic conductivity of sediments and has worsened hydrodynamic conditions due to clogging of river bed and aquifer, which implies a large contribution of riverbank filtration water in the total water well balance. For both well fields conclusions were corroborated by mathematical modeling; in Kalisz-Lis 16.2% of water comes from riverbank filtration, whereas the percentage for Mosina-Krajkowo is 78.9%.</p>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "4. Education", "0207 environmental engineering", "hydrology", "clogging", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "well fields", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "water well balance", "13. Climate action", "river valleys", "poland", "Poland", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kaczmarek, Piotr M.J.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1515/logos-2017-0013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geologos", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1515/logos-2017-0013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1515/logos-2017-0013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1515/logos-2017-0013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1515/logos-2017-0021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:19:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-01-23", "title": "Hydrogeological investigations of river bed clogging at a river bank filtration site along the River Warta, Poland", "description": "Abstract                <p> River bank filtration (RBF) is a system that enriches groundwater resources by induced infiltration of river water to an aquifer. Problematic during operation of RBF systems is the deterioration of infiltration effectiveness caused by river bed clogging. This situation was observed in the Krajkowo well field which supplies fresh water to the city of Pozna\uffc5\uff84 (Poland) during and after the long hydrological drought between the years 1989 and 1992. The present note discusses results of specific hydrogeological research which included drilling of a net of boreholes to a depth of 10 m below river bottom (for sediment sampling as well as for hydrogeological measurements), analyses of grain size distribution and relative density studies. The results obtained have allowed the recognition of the origin of the clogging processes, as well as the documentation of the clogged parts of the river bottom designated for unclogging activities.</p>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "cone of depression", "0208 environmental biotechnology", "dynamic water level changes", "0207 environmental engineering", "Geology", "groundwater resources", "02 engineering and technology", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1515/logos-2017-0021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geologos", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1515/logos-2017-0021", "name": "item", "description": "10.1515/logos-2017-0021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1515/logos-2017-0021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17169/refubium-29038", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:20:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-17", "title": "Protists and collembolans alter microbial community composition, C\u00a0dynamics and soil aggregation in simplified consumer\u2013prey systems", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Microbes play an essential role in soil functioning including biogeochemical cycling and soil aggregate formation. Yet, a major challenge is to link microbes to higher trophic levels and assess consequences for soil functioning. Here, we aimed to assess how microbial consumers modify microbial community composition (PLFA markers), as well as C dynamics (microbial\u00a0C use, SOC concentration and CO2 emission) and soil aggregation. We rebuilt two simplified soil consumer\u2013prey systems: a bacterial-based system comprising amoebae (Acanthamoeba castellanii) feeding on a microbial community dominated by the free-living bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and a fungal-based system comprising collembolans (Heteromurus nitidus) grazing on a microbial community dominated by the saprotrophic fungus Chaetomium globosum. The amoeba A. castellanii did not affect microbial biomass and composition, but it enhanced the formation of soil aggregates and tended to reduce their stability. Presumably, the dominance of P. fluorescens, able to produce antibiotic toxins in response to the attack by A. castellanii, was the main cause of the unchanged microbial community composition, and the release of bacterial extracellular compounds, such as long-chained polymeric substances or proteases, in reaction to predation was responsible for the changes in soil aggregation as a side effect. In the fungal system, collembolans significantly modified microbial community composition via consumptive and non-consumptive effects including the transport of microbes on the body surface. As expected, fungal biomass promoted soil aggregation and was reduced in the presence of H. nitidus. Remarkably, we also found an unexpected contribution of changes in bacterial community composition to soil aggregation. In both the bacterial and fungal systems, bacterial and fungal communities mainly consumed C from soil organic matter (rather than the litter added). Increased fungal biomass was associated with an increased capture of C from added litter, and the presence of collembolans levelled off this effect. Neither amoebae nor collembolans altered SOC concentrations and CO2 production. Overall, the results demonstrated that trophic interactions are important for achieving a mechanistic understanding of biological contributions to soil aggregation and may occur without major changes in C dynamics and with or without changes in the composition of the microbial community.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "QE1-996.5", "Acanthamoeba castellanii", "life", "agroecosystems", "Ecology", "fatty-acid analysis", "Geology", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "stability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "bacterial community", "diversity", "stabilization", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17169/refubium-29038"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17169/refubium-29038", "name": "item", "description": "10.17169/refubium-29038", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17169/refubium-29038"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-18-2003-2021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-03-19", "title": "Topography-based statistical modelling reveals high spatial variability and seasonal emission patches in forest floor methane flux", "description": "<p>Abstract. Boreal forest soils are globally an important sink for methane (CH4), while these soils are also capable of emitting CH4 under favourable conditions. Soil wetness is a well-known driver of CH4 flux, and the wetness can be estimated with several terrain indices developed for the purpose. The aim of this study was to quantify the spatial variability of the forest floor CH4 flux with a topography-based upscaling method connecting the flux with its driving factors. We conducted spatially extensive forest floor CH4 flux and soil moisture measurements, complemented by ground vegetation classification, in a boreal pine forest. We then modelled the soil moisture with a random forest model using digital-elevation-model-derived topographic indices, based on which we upscaled the forest floor CH4 flux. The modelling was performed for two seasons: May\uffe2\uff80\uff93July and August\uffe2\uff80\uff93October. Additionally, we evaluated the number of flux measurement points needed to get an accurate estimate of the flux at the whole study site merely by averaging. Our results demonstrate high spatial heterogeneity in the forest floor CH4 flux resulting from the soil moisture variability as well as from the related ground vegetation. The mean measured CH4 flux at the sample points was \uffe2\uff88\uff925.07\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb5mol\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff89h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in May\uffe2\uff80\uff93July and \uffe2\uff88\uff928.67\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb5mol\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff89h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in August\uffe2\uff80\uff93October, while the modelled flux for the whole area was \uffe2\uff88\uff927.42 and \uffe2\uff88\uff929.91\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb5mol\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff89h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the two seasons, respectively. The spatial variability in the soil moisture and consequently in the CH4 flux was higher in the early summer (modelled range from \uffe2\uff88\uff9212.3 to 6.19\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb5mol\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff89h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) compared to the autumn period (range from \uffe2\uff88\uff9214.6 to \uffe2\uff88\uff922.12\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb5mol\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff89h\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and overall the CH4 uptake rate was higher in autumn compared to early summer. In the early summer there were patches emitting high amounts of CH4; however, these wet patches got drier and smaller in size towards the autumn, changing their dynamics to CH4 uptake. The mean values of the measured and modelled CH4 fluxes for the sample point locations were similar, indicating that the model was able to reproduce the results. For the whole site, upscaling predicted stronger CH4 uptake compared to simply averaging over the sample points. The results highlight the small-scale spatial variability of the boreal forest floor CH4 flux and the importance of soil chamber placement in order to obtain spatially representative CH4 flux results. To predict the CH4 fluxes over large areas more reliably, the locations of the sample points should be selected based on the spatial variability of the driving parameters, in addition to linking the measured fluxes with the parameters.                     </p>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "BOREAL FEN", "Ecology", "methane", "EDDY COVARIANCE", "NITROUS-OXIDE", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "ATMOSPHERE", "01 natural sciences", "forest soils", "Environmental sciences", "SOIL", "CARBON-DIOXIDE", "TEMPERATE FOREST", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "CH4 EMISSIONS", "EXCHANGE", "CHAMBER", "Geosciences", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/18/2003/2021/bg-18-2003-2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2003-2021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-18-2003-2021", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-18-2003-2021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-18-2003-2021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-03-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2117/415321", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:26:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-09-16", "title": "Recent improvements and maximum covariance analysis of aerosol and cloud properties in the EC-Earth3-AerChem model", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Given the importance of aerosols and clouds and their interactions in the climate system, it is imperative that the global Earth system models accurately represent processes associated with them. This is an important prerequisite if we are to narrow the uncertainties in future climate projections. In practice, this means that continuous model evaluations and improvements grounded in observations are necessary. Numerous studies in the past few decades have shown both the usability and the limitations of utilizing satellite-based observations in understanding and evaluating aerosol\u2013cloud interactions, particularly under varying meteorological and satellite sensor sensitivity paradigms. Furthermore, the vast range of spatio-temporal scales at which aerosol and cloud processes occur adds another dimension to the challenges faced when evaluating climate models. In this context, the aim of this study is two-fold. (1)\u00a0We evaluate the most recent, significant changes in the representation of aerosol and cloud processes implemented in the EC-Earth3-AerChem model in the framework of the EU project FORCeS compared with its previous CMIP6 version (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase\u00a06; https://pcmdi.llnl.gov/CMIP6/, last access: 13\u00a0February\u00a02019). We focus particularly on evaluating cloud physical properties and radiative effects, wherever possible, using a satellite simulator. We report on the overall improvements in the EC-Earth3-AerChem model. In particular, the strong warm bias chronically seen over the Southern Ocean is reduced significantly. (2)\u00a0A statistical, maximum covariance analysis is carried out between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and cloud droplet (CD) effective radius based on the recent EC-Earth3-AerChem/FORCeS simulation to understand to what extent the Twomey effect can manifest itself in the larger spatio-temporal scales. We focus on the three oceanic low-level cloud regimes that are important due to their strong net cooling effect and where pollution outflow from the nearby continent is simultaneously pervasive. We report that the statistical covariability between AOD and CD effective radius is indeed dominantly visible even at the climate scale when the aerosol amount and composition are favourably preconditioned to allow for aerosol\u2013cloud interactions. Despite this strong covariability, our analysis shows a strong cooling/warming in shortwave cloud radiative effects at the top of the atmosphere in our study regions associated with an increase/decrease in CD effective radius. This cooling/warming can be attributed to the increase/decrease in low cloud fraction, in line with previous observational studies.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Climatology", "QE1-996.5", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Desenvolupament hum\u00e0 i sostenible::Degradaci\u00f3 ambiental::Canvi clim\u00e0tic", "550", "Geology", "Aerosols atmosf\u00e8rics", "15. Life on land", "Atmospheric aerosols", "An\u00e0lisi de covari\u00e0ncia", "Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences", "13. Climate action", "Clouds", "Climatologia", "Analysis of covariance", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geologia::Mineralogia", "Meteorologi och atmosf\u00e4rsvetenskap", "14. Life underwater", "N\u00favols"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/17/6903/2024/gmd-17-6903-2024.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2117/415321"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoscientific%20Model%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2117/415321", "name": "item", "description": "2117/415321", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2117/415321"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-17-3903-2020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-07-31", "title": "Leaf-scale quantification of the effect of photosynthetic gas exchange on \u0394&lt;sup&gt;17&lt;/sup&gt;O of atmospheric CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;", "description": "<p>Abstract. Understanding the processes that affect the triple oxygen isotope composition of atmospheric CO2 during gas exchange can help constrain the interaction and fluxes between the atmosphere and the biosphere. We conducted leaf cuvette experiments under controlled conditions using three plant species. The experiments were conducted at two different light intensities and using CO2 with different \uffce\uff9417O. We directly quantify the effect of photosynthesis on \uffce\uff9417O of atmospheric CO2 for the first time. Our results demonstrate the established theory for \uffce\uffb418O is applicable to \uffce\uff9417O(CO2) at leaf level, and we confirm that the following two key factors determine the effect of photosynthetic gas exchange on the \uffce\uff9417O of atmospheric CO2. The relative difference between \uffce\uff9417O of the CO2 entering the leaf and the CO2 in equilibrium with leaf water and the back-diffusion flux of CO2 from the leaf to the atmosphere, which can be quantified by the cm\uffe2\uff88\uff95ca ratio, where ca is the CO2 mole fraction in the surrounding air and cm is the one at the site of oxygen isotope exchange between CO2 and H2O. At low cm\uffe2\uff88\uff95ca ratios the discrimination is governed mainly by diffusion into the leaf, and at high cm\uffe2\uff88\uff95ca ratios it is governed by back-diffusion of CO2 that has equilibrated with the leaf water. Plants with a higher cm\uffe2\uff88\uff95ca ratio modify the \uffce\uff9417O of atmospheric CO2 more strongly than plants with a lower cm\uffe2\uff88\uff95ca ratio. Based on the leaf cuvette experiments, the global value for discrimination against \uffce\uff9417O of atmospheric CO2 during photosynthetic gas exchange is estimated to be -0.57\uffc2\uffb10.14\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 using cm\uffe2\uff88\uff95ca values of 0.3 and 0.7 for C4 and C3 plants, respectively. The main uncertainties in this global estimate arise from variation in cm\uffe2\uff88\uff95ca ratios among plants and growth conditions.                     </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "QE1-996.5", "CARBONIC-ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY", "Ecology", "OXYGEN-ISOTOPE FRACTIONATION", "MESOPHYLL CONDUCTANCE", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "O-18/O-16 RATIOS", "MASS-INDEPENDENT FRACTIONATION", "03 medical and health sciences", "HIGH-PRECISION MEASUREMENTS", "Life", "13. Climate action", "3-DIMENSIONAL SYNTHESIS", "QH501-531", "STABLE-ISOTOPES", "Life Science", "14. Life underwater", "TRIPLE OXYGEN", "DIOXIDE", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3903-2020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-17-3903-2020", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-17-3903-2020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-17-3903-2020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-16-3747-2019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-02", "title": "Reviews and syntheses: Turning the challenges of partitioning ecosystem evaporation and transpiration into opportunities", "description": "<p>Abstract. Evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) respond differently to ongoing changes in climate, atmospheric composition, and land use. It is difficult to partition ecosystem-scale evapotranspiration (ET) measurements into E and T, which makes it difficult to validate satellite data and land surface models. Here, we review current progress in partitioning E and T and provide a prospectus for how to improve theory and observations going forward. Recent advancements in analytical techniques create new opportunities for partitioning E and T at the ecosystem scale, but their assumptions have yet to be fully tested. For example, many approaches to partition E and T rely on the notion that plant canopy conductance and ecosystem water use efficiency exhibit optimal responses to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (D). We use observations from 240 eddy covariance flux towers to demonstrate that optimal ecosystem response to D is a reasonable assumption, in agreement with recent studies, but more analysis is necessary to determine the conditions for which this assumption holds. Another critical assumption for many partitioning approaches is that ET can be approximated as T during ideal transpiring conditions, which has been challenged by observational studies. We demonstrate that T can exceed 95\uffe2\uff80\uff89% of ET from certain ecosystems, but other ecosystems do not appear to reach this value, which suggests that this assumption is ecosystem-dependent with implications for partitioning. It is important to further improve approaches for partitioning E and T, yet few multi-method comparisons have been undertaken to date. Advances in our understanding of carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff93water coupling at the stomatal, leaf, and canopy level open new perspectives on how to quantify T via its strong coupling with photosynthesis. Photosynthesis can be constrained at the ecosystem and global scales with emerging data sources including solar-induced fluorescence, carbonyl sulfide flux measurements, thermography, and more. Such comparisons would improve our mechanistic understanding of ecosystem water fluxes and provide the observations necessary to validate remote sensing algorithms and land surface models to understand the changing global water cycle.                     </p>", "keywords": ["550", "STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "551", "01 natural sciences", "Life", "CARBONYL SULFIDE COS", "QH501-531", "SOIL-WATER", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT", "RAINFALL INTERCEPTION", "Ecology", "ddc:550", "Biology and Life Sciences", "Geology", "STABLE-ISOTOPE", "15. Life on land", "540", "6. Clean water", "SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY", "WATER-USE EFFICIENCY", "Geosciences", "EDDY COVARIANCE DATA"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/3747/2019/bg-16-3747-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3747-2019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-16-3747-2019", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-16-3747-2019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-16-3747-2019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-16-785-2019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-12", "title": "Automatic high-frequency measurements of full soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a tropical forest", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Measuring in situ soil fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) continuously at high frequency requires appropriate technology. We tested the combination of a commercial automated soil CO2 flux chamber system (LI-8100A) with a CH4 and N2O analyzer (Picarro G2308) in a tropical rainforest for 4\u00a0months. A chamber closure time of 2\u2009min was sufficient for a reliable estimation of CO2 and CH4 fluxes (100\u2009% and 98.5\u2009% of fluxes were above minimum detectable flux \u2013 MDF, respectively). This closure time was generally not suitable for a reliable estimation of the low N2O fluxes in this ecosystem but was sufficient for detecting rare major peak events. A closure time of 25\u2009min was more appropriate for reliable estimation of most N2O fluxes (85.6\u2009% of measured fluxes are above MDF\u2009\u00b1\u20090.002\u2009nmol\u2009m\u22122\u2009s\u22121). Our study highlights the importance of adjusted closure time for each gas.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["rain-forest", "nitrous-oxide", "Environmental management", "550", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "spatial variation", "01 natural sciences", "630", "land-use change", "Life", "QH501-531", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "biogeochemical controls", "Physical geography and environmental geoscience", "Biology", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Physics", "n2o", "emissions", "land-use change ; nitrous-oxide ; rain-forest ;biogeochemical controls ; chamber measurements ; spatial variation ; co2 ;emissions; n2o ; respiration", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Climate Action", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "Earth Sciences", "co2", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "chamber measurements", "Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation", "Environmental Sciences", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/785/2019/bg-16-785-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt73p9116t/qt73p9116t.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-785-2019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-16-785-2019", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-16-785-2019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-16-785-2019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-17-4961-2020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-17", "title": "Protists and collembolans alter microbial community composition, C\u00a0dynamics and soil aggregation in simplified consumer\u2013prey systems", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Microbes play an essential role in soil functioning including biogeochemical cycling and soil aggregate formation. Yet, a major challenge is to link microbes to higher trophic levels and assess consequences for soil functioning. Here, we aimed to assess how microbial consumers modify microbial community composition (PLFA markers), as well as C dynamics (microbial\u00a0C use, SOC concentration and CO2 emission) and soil aggregation. We rebuilt two simplified soil consumer\u2013prey systems: a bacterial-based system comprising amoebae (Acanthamoeba castellanii) feeding on a microbial community dominated by the free-living bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and a fungal-based system comprising collembolans (Heteromurus nitidus) grazing on a microbial community dominated by the saprotrophic fungus Chaetomium globosum. The amoeba A. castellanii did not affect microbial biomass and composition, but it enhanced the formation of soil aggregates and tended to reduce their stability. Presumably, the dominance of P. fluorescens, able to produce antibiotic toxins in response to the attack by A. castellanii, was the main cause of the unchanged microbial community composition, and the release of bacterial extracellular compounds, such as long-chained polymeric substances or proteases, in reaction to predation was responsible for the changes in soil aggregation as a side effect. In the fungal system, collembolans significantly modified microbial community composition via consumptive and non-consumptive effects including the transport of microbes on the body surface. As expected, fungal biomass promoted soil aggregation and was reduced in the presence of H. nitidus. Remarkably, we also found an unexpected contribution of changes in bacterial community composition to soil aggregation. In both the bacterial and fungal systems, bacterial and fungal communities mainly consumed C from soil organic matter (rather than the litter added). Increased fungal biomass was associated with an increased capture of C from added litter, and the presence of collembolans levelled off this effect. Neither amoebae nor collembolans altered SOC concentrations and CO2 production. Overall, the results demonstrated that trophic interactions are important for achieving a mechanistic understanding of biological contributions to soil aggregation and may occur without major changes in C dynamics and with or without changes in the composition of the microbial community.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "QE1-996.5", "Acanthamoeba castellanii", "life", "agroecosystems", "Ecology", "fatty-acid analysis", "Geology", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "stability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "bacterial community", "diversity", "stabilization", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4961-2020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-17-4961-2020", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-17-4961-2020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-17-4961-2020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-17-5263-2020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-05", "title": "Uncertainties, sensitivities and robustness of simulated water erosion in an EPIC-based global gridded crop model", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Water erosion on arable land can reduce soil fertility and agricultural productivity. Despite the impact of water erosion on crops, it is typically neglected in global crop yield projections. Furthermore, previous efforts to quantify global water erosion have paid little attention to the effects of field management on the magnitude of water erosion. In this study, we analyse the robustness of simulated water erosion estimates in maize and wheat fields between the years 1980 and 2010 based on daily model outputs from a global gridded version of the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) crop model. By using the MUSS water erosion equation and country-specific and environmental indicators determining different intensities in tillage, residue handling and cover crops, we obtained the global median water erosion rates of 7\u2009t\u2009ha\u22121\u2009a\u22121 in maize fields and 5\u2009t\u2009ha\u22121\u2009a\u22121 in wheat fields. A comparison of our simulation results with field data demonstrates an overlap of simulated and measured water erosion values for the majority of global cropland. Slope inclination and daily precipitation are key factors in determining the agreement between simulated and measured erosion values and are the most critical input parameters controlling all water erosion equations included in EPIC. The many differences between field management methods worldwide, the varying water erosion estimates from different equations and the complex distribution of cropland in mountainous regions add uncertainty to the simulation results. To reduce the uncertainties in global water erosion estimates, it is necessary to gather more data on global farming techniques to reduce the uncertainty in global land-use maps and to collect more data on soil erosion rates representing the diversity of environmental conditions where crops are grown.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "550", "Ecology", "0207 environmental engineering", "500", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/16834/1/bg-17-5263-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/16834/1/bg-17-5263-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/17/5263/2020/bg-17-5263-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5263-2020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-17-5263-2020", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-17-5263-2020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-17-5263-2020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-18-1259-2021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-05", "title": "Reviews and Syntheses: Impacts of plant silica \u2013 herbivore interactions on terrestrial biogeochemical  cycling", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Researchers have known for decades that silicon plays a major role in biogeochemical and plant-soil processes in terrestrial systems. Meanwhile, plant biologists continue to uncover a growing list of benefits derived from silicon to combat abiotic and biotic stresses, such as defense against herbivory. Yet despite growing recognition of herbivores as important ecosystem engineers, many major gaps remain in our understanding of how silicon and herbivory interact to shape biogeochemical processes, particularly in natural systems. We review and synthesize 119 available studies directly investigating silicon and herbivory to summarize key trends and highlight research gaps and opportunities. Categorizing studies by multiple ecosystem, plant, and herbivore characteristics, we find substantial evidence for a wide variety of important interactions between plant silicon and herbivory, but highlight the need for more research particularly in non-graminoid dominated vegetation outside of the temperate biome as well as on the potential effects of herbivory on silicon cycling. Continuing to overlook silicon-herbivory dynamics in natural ecosystems limits our understanding of potentially critical animal-plant-soil feedbacks necessary to inform land management decisions and to refine global models of environmental change.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Ekologi", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "0303 health sciences", "Ecology", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Climate Science", "03 medical and health sciences", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "QH540-549.5", "Klimatvetenskap", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1259-2021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-18-1259-2021", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-18-1259-2021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-18-1259-2021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-16", "title": "Functional convergence of biosphere\u2013atmosphere interactions in response to meteorological conditions", "description": "<p>Abstract. Understanding the dependencies of the terrestrial carbon and water cycle with meteorological conditions is a prerequisite to anticipate their behaviour under climate change conditions. However, terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere interact via a multitude of variables across temporal and spatial scales. Additionally these interactions might differ among vegetation types or climatic regions. Today, novel algorithms aim to disentangle the causal structure behind such interactions from empirical data. The estimated causal structures can be interpreted as networks, where nodes represent relevant meteorological variables or land-surface fluxes and the links represent the dependencies among them (possibly including time lags and link strength). Here we derived causal networks for different seasons at 119\uffc2\uffa0eddy covariance flux tower observations in the FLUXNET network. We show that the networks of biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interactions are strongly shaped by meteorological conditions. For example, we find that temperate and high-latitude ecosystems during peak productivity exhibit biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interaction networks very similar to tropical forests. In times of anomalous conditions like droughts though, both ecosystems behave more like typical Mediterranean ecosystems during their dry season. Our results demonstrate that ecosystems from different climate zones or vegetation types have similar biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interactions if their meteorological conditions are similar. We anticipate our analysis to foster the use of network approaches, as they allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the state of ecosystem functioning. Long-term or even irreversible changes in network structure are rare and thus can be indicators of fundamental functional ecosystem shifts.                     </p>", "keywords": ["Evolution", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Behavior and Systematics", "Life", "QH501-531", "CARBON-DIOXIDE UPTAKE", "TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE", "QH540-549.5", "Earth-Surface Processes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "climeate", "QE1-996.5", "NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE", "Ecology", "TEMPERATE", "Geology", "WATER-VAPOR FLUXES", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "BALANCE", "biosphere-atmosphere interaction", "SOIL CO2 EFFLUX", "SPRUCE FORESTS", "INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY", "SOUTHERN FINLAND"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/18/2379/2021/bg-18-2379-2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-20-271-2023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-01-17", "title": "Contrasts in dissolved, particulate, and sedimentary organic carbon from the Kolyma River to the East Siberian Shelf", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Arctic rivers will be increasingly affected by the hydrological and biogeochemical consequences of thawing permafrost. During transport, permafrost-derived organic carbon (OC) can either accumulate in floodplain and shelf sediments or be degraded into greenhouse gases prior to final burial. Thus, the net impact of permafrost OC on climate will ultimately depend on the interplay of complex processes that occur along the source-to-sink system. Here, we focus on the Kolyma River, the largest watershed completely underlain by continuous permafrost, and marine sediments of the East Siberian Sea, as a transect to investigate the fate of permafrost OC along the land\u2013ocean continuum. Three pools of riverine OC were investigated for the Kolyma main stem and five of its tributaries: dissolved OC (DOC), suspended particulate OC (POC), and riverbed sediment OC (SOC). They were compared with earlier findings in marine sediments. Carbon isotopes (\u03b413C, \u039414C), lignin phenol, and lipid biomarker proxies show a contrasting composition and degradation state of these different carbon pools. Dual C isotope source apportionment calculations imply that old permafrost-OC is mostly associated with sediments (SOC; contribution of 68\u00b110\u2009%), and less dominant in POC (38\u00b18\u2009%), whereas autochthonous primary production contributes around 44\u00b110\u2009% to POC in the main stem and up to 79\u00b111\u2009% in tributaries. Biomarker degradation indices suggest that Kolyma DOC might be relatively degraded, regardless of its generally young age shown by previous studies. In contrast, SOC shows the lowest \u039414C value (oldest OC), yet relatively fresh compositional signatures. Furthermore, decreasing mineral surface area-normalised OC- and biomarker loadings suggest that SOC might be reactive along the land\u2013ocean continuum and almost all parameters were subjected to rapid change when moving from freshwater to the marine environment. This suggests that sedimentary dynamics play a crucial role when targeting permafrost-derived OC in aquatic systems and support earlier studies highlighting the fact that the land\u2013ocean transition zone is an efficient reactor and a dynamic environment. The prevailing inconsistencies between freshwater and marine research (i.e.\u00a0targeting predominantly DOC and SOC respectively) need to be better aligned in order to determine to what degree thawed permafrost OC may be destined for long-term burial, thereby attenuating further global warming.</p></article>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Permafrost", " Climate Feedback", " Climate Change", " Arctic", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "14. Life underwater", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/20/271/2023/bg-20-271-2023.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-20-271-2023", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-20-271-2023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-06-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-04T16:22:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-08-01", "title": "How well does ramped thermal oxidation quantify the age distribution of soil carbon? Assessing thermal stability of physically and chemically fractionated soil organic matter", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Carbon (C) in soils persists on a range of timescales depending on physical, chemical, and biological processes that interact with soil organic matter (SOM) and affect its rate of decomposition. Together these processes determine the age distribution of soil C. Most attempts to measure this age distribution have relied on operationally defined fractions using properties like density, aggregate stability, solubility, or chemical reactivity. Recently, thermal fractionation, which relies on the activation energy needed to combust SOM, has shown promise for separating young from old C by applying increasing heat to decompose SOM. Here, we investigated radiocarbon (14C) and 13C of C released during thermal fractionation to link activation energy to the age distribution of C in bulk soil and components previously separated by density and chemical properties. While physically and chemically isolated fractions had very distinct mean 14C values, they contributed C across the full temperature range during thermal analysis. Thus, each thermal fraction collected during combustion of bulk soil integrates contributions from younger and older C derived from components having different physical and chemical properties but the same activation energy. Bulk soil and all density and chemical fractions released progressively older and more 13C-enriched C with increasing activation energy, indicating that each operationally defined fraction itself was not homogeneous but contained a mix of C with different ages and degrees of microbial processing. Overall, we found that defining the full age distribution of C in bulk soil is best quantified by first separating particulate C prior to thermal fractionation of mineral-associated SOM. For the Podzol analyzed here, thermal fractions confirmed that \u223c\u200995\u2009% of the mineral-associated organic matter (MOM) had a relatively narrow 14C distribution, while 5\u2009% was very low in 14C and likely reflected C from the &lt;\u20092\u2009mm parent shale material in the soil matrix. After first removing particulate C using density or size separation, thermal fractionation can provide a rapid technique to study the age structure of MOM and how it is influenced by different OM\u2013mineral interactions.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "550", "Ecology", "Soil Science", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Life", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/31636/1/stoner-s-w-et-al-20230830.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-20-3151-2023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-26T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=QE1-996.5&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=QE1-996.5&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=QE1-996.5&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=QE1-996.5&offset=50", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 312, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-05T05:13:54.854003Z"}