{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.5194/bg-16-1305-2019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-26", "title": "Distribution of Fe isotopes in particles and colloids in the salinity gradient along the Lena River plume, Laptev Sea", "description": "<p>Abstract. Riverine Fe input is the primary Fe source to the ocean. This study is focused on the distribution of Fe along the Lena River freshwater plume in the Laptev Sea using samples from a 600\uffe2\uff80\uff89km long transect in front of the Lena River mouth. Separation of the particulate (&gt;\uffe2\uff80\uff890.22\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb5m), colloidal (0.22\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb5m\uffe2\uff80\uff931\uffe2\uff80\uff89kDa), and truly dissolved (\uffe2\uff80\uff8999\uffe2\uff80\uff89% of particulate Fe and about 90\uffe2\uff80\uff89% of the colloidal Fe was observed across the shelf, while the truly dissolved phase was almost constant across the Laptev Sea. Thus, the truly dissolved Fe could be an important source of bioavailable Fe for plankton in the central Arctic Ocean, together with the colloidal Fe. Fe-isotope analysis showed that the particulate phase and the sediment below the Lena River freshwater plume had negative \uffce\uffb456Fe values (relative to IRMM-14). The colloidal Fe phase showed negative \uffce\uffb456Fe values close to the river mouth (about \uffe2\uff88\uff920.20\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff80\uffb0) and positive \uffce\uffb456Fe values in the outermost stations (about +0.10\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffe2\uff80\uffb0).  We suggest that the shelf zone acts as a sink for Fe particles and colloids with negative \uffce\uffb456Fe values, representing chemically reactive ferrihydrites. While the positive \uffce\uffb456Fe values of the colloidal phase within the outer Lena River freshwater plume, might represent Fe-oxyhydroxides, which remain in the water column, and will be the predominant \uffce\uffb456Fe composition in the Arctic Ocean.                         </p>", "keywords": ["particles", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "truly dissolved iron", "Geology", "Geokemi", "Lena River Plume", "iron isotopes", "01 natural sciences", "estuarine mixing", "6. Clean water", "Geovetenskap och relaterad milj\u00f6vetenskap", "Geochemistry", "iron particles", "Life", "colloids", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Laptev Sea", "Fe isotopes", "14. Life underwater", "Earth and Related Environmental Sciences", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/1305/2019/bg-16-1305-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1305-2019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-16-1305-2019", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-16-1305-2019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-16-1305-2019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-16-3319-2019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-04", "title": "Technical note: Interferences of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on methane concentration measurements", "description": "<p>Abstract. Studies that quantify plant methane (CH4) emission rely on the accurate measurement of small changes in the mixing ratio of CH4 that coincide with much larger changes in the mixing ratio of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Here, we assessed whether 11 commonly occurring VOCs (e.g. methanol, \uffce\uffb1- and \uffce\uffb2-pinene, \uffce\uff943-carene) interfered with the quantitation of CH4 by five laser-absorption spectroscopy and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) based CH4 analysers, and quantified the interference of seven compounds on three instruments. Our results showed minimal interference with laser-based analysers and underlined the importance of identifying and compensating for interferences with FTIR instruments. When VOCs were not included in the spectral library, they exerted a strong bias on FTIR-based instruments (64\uffe2\uff80\uff931800\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppbv apparent CH4\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppmv\uffe2\uff88\uff921 VOC). Minor (0.7\uffe2\uff80\uff93126\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppbv\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppmv\uffe2\uff88\uff921) interference with FTIR-based measurements were also detected when the spectrum of the interfering VOC was included in the library. In contrast, we detected only minor (&lt;20\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppbv\uffe2\uff80\uff89ppmv\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and transient (&lt;\uffe2\uff80\uff891\uffe2\uff80\uff89min) VOC interferences on laser-absorption spectroscopy-based analysers. Overall, our results demonstrate that VOC interferences have only minor effects on CH4 flux measurements in soil chambers, but may severely impact stem and shoot flux measurements. Laser-absorption-based instruments are better suited for quantifying CH4 fluxes from plant leaves and stems than FTIR-based instruments; however, significant interferences in shoot chamber measurements could not be excluded for any of the tested instruments. Our results furthermore showed that FTIR can precisely quantify VOC mixing ratios and could therefore provide a method complementary to proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS).                     </p>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "CH4", "Ecology", "NITROUS-OXIDE EMISSIONS", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "FOREST", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental sciences", "CARBON", "LIGHT", "Life", "MONOTERPENE EMISSIONS", "DEPENDENCE", "13. Climate action", "Environmental biotechnology", "QH501-531", "11. Sustainability", "PATTERNS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "SCOTS PINE", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/3319/2019/bg-16-3319-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3319-2019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-16-3319-2019", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-16-3319-2019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-16-3319-2019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-16-3747-2019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-10-02", "title": "Reviews and syntheses: Turning the challenges of partitioning ecosystem evaporation and transpiration into opportunities", "description": "<p>Abstract. Evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) respond differently to ongoing changes in climate, atmospheric composition, and land use. It is difficult to partition ecosystem-scale evapotranspiration (ET) measurements into E and T, which makes it difficult to validate satellite data and land surface models. Here, we review current progress in partitioning E and T and provide a prospectus for how to improve theory and observations going forward. Recent advancements in analytical techniques create new opportunities for partitioning E and T at the ecosystem scale, but their assumptions have yet to be fully tested. For example, many approaches to partition E and T rely on the notion that plant canopy conductance and ecosystem water use efficiency exhibit optimal responses to atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (D). We use observations from 240 eddy covariance flux towers to demonstrate that optimal ecosystem response to D is a reasonable assumption, in agreement with recent studies, but more analysis is necessary to determine the conditions for which this assumption holds. Another critical assumption for many partitioning approaches is that ET can be approximated as T during ideal transpiring conditions, which has been challenged by observational studies. We demonstrate that T can exceed 95\uffe2\uff80\uff89% of ET from certain ecosystems, but other ecosystems do not appear to reach this value, which suggests that this assumption is ecosystem-dependent with implications for partitioning. It is important to further improve approaches for partitioning E and T, yet few multi-method comparisons have been undertaken to date. Advances in our understanding of carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff93water coupling at the stomatal, leaf, and canopy level open new perspectives on how to quantify T via its strong coupling with photosynthesis. Photosynthesis can be constrained at the ecosystem and global scales with emerging data sources including solar-induced fluorescence, carbonyl sulfide flux measurements, thermography, and more. Such comparisons would improve our mechanistic understanding of ecosystem water fluxes and provide the observations necessary to validate remote sensing algorithms and land surface models to understand the changing global water cycle.                     </p>", "keywords": ["550", "STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "551", "01 natural sciences", "Life", "CARBONYL SULFIDE COS", "QH501-531", "SOIL-WATER", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT", "RAINFALL INTERCEPTION", "Ecology", "ddc:550", "Biology and Life Sciences", "Geology", "STABLE-ISOTOPE", "15. Life on land", "540", "6. Clean water", "SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY", "WATER-USE EFFICIENCY", "Geosciences", "EDDY COVARIANCE DATA"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/3747/2019/bg-16-3747-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3747-2019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-16-3747-2019", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-16-3747-2019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-16-3747-2019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-16-4851-2019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:20Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-20", "title": "\"Global biosphere\u2013climate interaction: a causal appraisal of observations and models over multiple temporal scales\"", "description": "<p>Abstract. Improving the skill of Earth system models (ESMs) in representing climate\uffe2\uff80\uff93vegetation interactions is crucial to enhance our predictions of future climate and ecosystem functioning. Therefore, ESMs need to correctly simulate the impact of climate on vegetation, but likewise feedbacks of vegetation on climate must be adequately represented. However, model predictions at large spatial scales remain subjected to large uncertainties, mostly due to the lack of observational patterns to benchmark them. Here, the bidirectional nature of climate\uffe2\uff80\uff93vegetation interactions is explored across multiple temporal scales by adopting a spectral Granger causality framework that allows identification of potentially co-dependent variables. Results based on global and multi-decadal records of remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) and observed atmospheric data show that the climate control on vegetation variability increases with longer temporal scales, being higher at inter-annual than multi-month scales. Globally, precipitation is the most dominant driver of vegetation at monthly scales, particularly in (semi-)arid regions. The seasonal LAI variability in energy-driven latitudes is mainly controlled by radiation, while air temperature controls vegetation growth and decay in high northern latitudes at inter-annual scales. These observational results are used as a benchmark to evaluate four ESM simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase\uffc2\uffa05 (CMIP5). Findings indicate a tendency of ESMs to over-represent the climate control on LAI dynamics and a particular overestimation of the dominance of precipitation in arid and semi-arid regions at inter-annual scales. Analogously, CMIP5 models overestimate the control of air temperature on seasonal vegetation variability, especially in forested regions. Overall, climate impacts on LAI are found to be stronger than the feedbacks of LAI on climate in both observations and models; in other words, local climate variability leaves a larger imprint on temporal LAI dynamics than vice versa. Note however that while vegetation reacts directly to its local climate conditions, the spatially collocated character of the analysis does not allow for the identification of remote feedbacks, which might result in an underestimation of the biophysical effects of vegetation on climate. Nonetheless, the widespread effect of LAI variability on radiation, as observed over the northern latitudes due to albedo changes, is overestimated by the CMIP5 models. Overall, our experiments emphasise the potential of benchmarking the representation of particular interactions in online ESMs using causal statistics in combination with observational data, as opposed to the more conventional evaluation of the magnitude and dynamics of individual variables.                     </p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "Evolution", "LAND-SURFACE MODELS", "01 natural sciences", "RECENT TRENDS", "03 medical and health sciences", "Behavior and Systematics", "Life", "QH501-531", "NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION", "QH540-549.5", "Earth-Surface Processes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "EARTH SYSTEM MODEL", "Ecology", "LEAF-AREA INDEX", "Biology and Life Sciences", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "DATA SETS", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "FEEDBACKS", "CO2", "VEGETATION", "SENSITIVITY"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/4851/2019/bg-16-4851-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4851-2019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-16-4851-2019", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-16-4851-2019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-16-4851-2019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-12-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-16-785-2019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-12", "title": "Automatic high-frequency measurements of full soil greenhouse gas fluxes in a tropical forest", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Measuring in situ soil fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) continuously at high frequency requires appropriate technology. We tested the combination of a commercial automated soil CO2 flux chamber system (LI-8100A) with a CH4 and N2O analyzer (Picarro G2308) in a tropical rainforest for 4\u00a0months. A chamber closure time of 2\u2009min was sufficient for a reliable estimation of CO2 and CH4 fluxes (100\u2009% and 98.5\u2009% of fluxes were above minimum detectable flux \u2013 MDF, respectively). This closure time was generally not suitable for a reliable estimation of the low N2O fluxes in this ecosystem but was sufficient for detecting rare major peak events. A closure time of 25\u2009min was more appropriate for reliable estimation of most N2O fluxes (85.6\u2009% of measured fluxes are above MDF\u2009\u00b1\u20090.002\u2009nmol\u2009m\u22122\u2009s\u22121). Our study highlights the importance of adjusted closure time for each gas.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["rain-forest", "nitrous-oxide", "Environmental management", "550", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "spatial variation", "01 natural sciences", "630", "land-use change", "Life", "QH501-531", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "biogeochemical controls", "Physical geography and environmental geoscience", "Biology", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Physics", "n2o", "emissions", "land-use change ; nitrous-oxide ; rain-forest ;biogeochemical controls ; chamber measurements ; spatial variation ; co2 ;emissions; n2o ; respiration", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biological Sciences", "15. Life on land", "Climate Action", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Chemistry", "13. Climate action", "Earth Sciences", "co2", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "chamber measurements", "Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation", "Environmental Sciences", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/785/2019/bg-16-785-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt73p9116t/qt73p9116t.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-785-2019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-16-785-2019", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-16-785-2019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-16-785-2019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-17-1033-2020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-02-26", "title": "\"Estimating causal networks in biosphere\u2013atmosphere interaction with the PCMCI approach\"", "description": "<p>Abstract. The dynamics of biochemical processes in terrestrial ecosystems are tightly coupled to local meteorological conditions. Understanding these interactions is an essential prerequisite for predicting, e.g. the response of the terrestrial carbon cycle to climate change. However, many empirical studies in this field rely on correlative approaches and only very few studies apply causal discovery methods. Here we explore the potential for a recently proposed causal graph discovery algorithm to reconstruct the causal dependency structure underlying biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interactions. Using artificial time series with known dependencies that mimic real-world biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interactions we address the influence of non-stationarities, i.e. periodicity and heteroscedasticity, on the estimation of causal networks. We then investigate the interpretability of the method in two case studies. Firstly, we analyse three replicated eddy covariance datasets from a Mediterranean ecosystem. Secondly, we explore global Normalised Difference Vegetation Index time series (GIMMS\uffc2\uffa03g), along with gridded climate data to study large-scale climatic drivers of vegetation greenness. We compare the retrieved causal graphs to simple cross-correlation-based approaches to test whether causal graphs are considerably more informative. Overall, the results confirm the capacity of the causal discovery method to extract time-lagged linear dependencies under realistic settings. For example, we find a complete decoupling of the net ecosystem exchange from meteorological variability during summer in the Mediterranean ecosystem. However, cautious interpretations are needed, as the violation of the method's assumptions due to non-stationarities increases the likelihood to detect false links. Overall, estimating directed biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere networks helps unravel complex multidirectional process interactions. Other than classical correlative approaches, our findings are constrained to a few meaningful sets of relations, which can be powerful insights for the evaluation of terrestrial ecosystem models.                     </p>", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "PINE FOREST", "Evolution", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "CO2 EXCHANGE", "Behavior and Systematics", "Life", "QH501-531", "BEECH FOREST", "QH540-549.5", "Earth-Surface Processes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE", "Ecology", "CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE", "SPRUCE FOREST", "Geology", "WATER-VAPOR FLUXES", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "GRANGER-CAUSALITY", "INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY", "GAS-EXCHANGE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/17/1033/2020/bg-17-1033-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1033-2020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-17-1033-2020", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-17-1033-2020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-17-1033-2020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-18-2325-2021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-13", "title": "Modern silicon dynamics of a small high-latitude subarctic lake", "description": "<p>Abstract. High biogenic silica (BSi) concentrations occur sporadically in lake sediments throughout the world; however, the processes leading to high BSi concentrations vary. We explored the factors responsible for the high BSi concentration in sediments of a small, high-latitude subarctic lake (Lake 850). The Si budget of this lake had not been fully characterized before to establish the drivers of BSi accumulation in this environment. To do this, we combined measurements of variations in stream discharge, dissolved silica (DSi) concentrations, and stable Si isotopes in both lake and stream water with measurements of BSi content in lake sediments. Water, radon, and Si mass balances revealed the importance of groundwater discharge as a main source of DSi to the lake, with groundwater-derived DSi inputs 3 times higher than those from ephemeral stream inlets. After including all external DSi sources (i.e., inlets and groundwater discharge) and estimating the total BSi accumulation in the sediment, we show that diatom production consumes up to 79\uffe2\uff80\uff89% of total DSi input. Additionally, low sediment accumulation rates were observed based on the dated gravity core. Our findings thus demonstrate that groundwater discharge and low mass accumulation rate can account for the high BSi accumulation during the last 150\uffe2\uff80\uff89cal\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff80\uff89BP. Globally, lakes have been estimated to retain one-fifth of the annual DSi terrestrial weathering flux that would otherwise be delivered to the ocean. Well-constrained lake mass balances, such as presented here, bring clarity to those estimates of the terrestrial Si cycle sinks.                     </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "QE1-996.5", "550", "Ecology", "Geology", "Multidisciplin\u00e4r geovetenskap", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Earth Sciences", "14. Life underwater", "Geosciences", " Multidisciplinary", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/18/2325/2021/bg-18-2325-2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2325-2021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-18-2325-2021", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-18-2325-2021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-18-2325-2021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-16", "title": "Functional convergence of biosphere\u2013atmosphere interactions in response to meteorological conditions", "description": "<p>Abstract. Understanding the dependencies of the terrestrial carbon and water cycle with meteorological conditions is a prerequisite to anticipate their behaviour under climate change conditions. However, terrestrial ecosystems and the atmosphere interact via a multitude of variables across temporal and spatial scales. Additionally these interactions might differ among vegetation types or climatic regions. Today, novel algorithms aim to disentangle the causal structure behind such interactions from empirical data. The estimated causal structures can be interpreted as networks, where nodes represent relevant meteorological variables or land-surface fluxes and the links represent the dependencies among them (possibly including time lags and link strength). Here we derived causal networks for different seasons at 119\uffc2\uffa0eddy covariance flux tower observations in the FLUXNET network. We show that the networks of biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interactions are strongly shaped by meteorological conditions. For example, we find that temperate and high-latitude ecosystems during peak productivity exhibit biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interaction networks very similar to tropical forests. In times of anomalous conditions like droughts though, both ecosystems behave more like typical Mediterranean ecosystems during their dry season. Our results demonstrate that ecosystems from different climate zones or vegetation types have similar biosphere\uffe2\uff80\uff93atmosphere interactions if their meteorological conditions are similar. We anticipate our analysis to foster the use of network approaches, as they allow for a more comprehensive understanding of the state of ecosystem functioning. Long-term or even irreversible changes in network structure are rare and thus can be indicators of fundamental functional ecosystem shifts.                     </p>", "keywords": ["Evolution", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "Behavior and Systematics", "Life", "QH501-531", "CARBON-DIOXIDE UPTAKE", "TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE", "QH540-549.5", "Earth-Surface Processes", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "climeate", "QE1-996.5", "NET ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE", "Ecology", "TEMPERATE", "Geology", "WATER-VAPOR FLUXES", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "BALANCE", "biosphere-atmosphere interaction", "SOIL CO2 EFFLUX", "SPRUCE FORESTS", "INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY", "SOUTHERN FINLAND"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/18/2379/2021/bg-18-2379-2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-18-2379-2021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-18-3219-2021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-05-28", "title": "Competing effects of nitrogen deposition and ozone exposure on northern hemispheric terrestrial carbon uptake and storage, 1850\u20132099", "description": "<p>Abstract. Tropospheric ozone (O3) and nitrogen deposition affect vegetation growth and, thereby, the ability of the land biosphere to take up and store carbon. However, the magnitude of these effects on the contemporary and future terrestrial carbon balance is insufficiently understood. Here, we apply an extended version of the O\uffe2\uff80\uff93CN terrestrial biosphere model that simulates the atmosphere to canopy transport of O3, its surface and stomatal uptake, the O3-induced leaf injury, and the coupled terrestrial carbon and nitrogen cycles. We use this model to simulate past and future impacts of air pollution against a background of concurrent changes in climate and carbon dioxide concentrations (CO2) for two contrasting representative concentration pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). The simulations show that O3-related damage considerably reduced northern hemispheric gross primary production (GPP) and long-term carbon storage between 1850 and the 2010s. The simulated O3 effect on GPP in the Northern Hemisphere peaked towards the end of the 20th century, with reductions of 4\uffe2\uff80\uff89%, causing a reduction in the northern hemispheric carbon sink of 0.4\uffe2\uff80\uff89Pg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. During the 21st century, O3-induced reductions in GPP and carbon storage are projected to decline, through a combination of direct air pollution control methods that reduce near-surface O3 and the indirect effects of rising atmospheric CO2, which reduces stomatal uptake of O3 concurrent with increases of leaf-level water use efficiency. However, in hot spot regions such as East Asia, the model simulations suggest a sustained decrease in GPP by more than 8\uffe2\uff80\uff89% throughout the 21st century. O3 exposure reduces projected carbon storage at the end of the 21st century by up to 15\uffe2\uff80\uff89% in parts of Europe, the US, and East Asia. Our simulations suggest that the stimulating effect of nitrogen deposition on regional GPP and carbon storage is lower in magnitude compared to the detrimental effect of O3 during most of the simulation period for both RCPs. In the second half of the 21st century, the detrimental effect of O3 on GPP is outweighed by nitrogen deposition, but the effect of nitrogen deposition on land carbon storage remains lower than the effect of O3. Accounting for the stimulating effects of nitrogen deposition but omitting the detrimental effect of O3 may lead to an overestimation of projected carbon uptake and storage.                     </p>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "11. Sustainability", "8. Economic growth", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/18/3219/2021/bg-18-3219-2021.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3219-2021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-18-3219-2021", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-18-3219-2021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-18-3219-2021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-18-3309-2021", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-04", "title": "Does drought advance the onset of autumn leaf senescence in temperate deciduous forest trees?", "description": "<p>Abstract. Severe droughts are expected to become more frequent and persistent. However, their effect on autumn leaf senescence, a key process for deciduous trees and ecosystem functioning, is currently unclear. We hypothesized that (I)\uffc2\uffa0severe drought advances the onset of autumn leaf senescence in temperate deciduous trees and (II)\uffc2\uffa0tree species show different dynamics of autumn leaf senescence under drought. We tested these hypotheses using a manipulative experiment on beech saplings and 3\uffc2\uffa0years of monitoring mature beech, birch and oak trees in Belgium. The autumn leaf senescence was derived from the seasonal pattern of the chlorophyll content index and the loss of canopy greenness using generalized additive models and piecewise linear regressions. Drought and associated heat stress and increased atmospheric aridity did not affect the onset of autumn leaf senescence in both saplings and mature trees, even if the saplings showed a high mortality and the mature trees an advanced loss of canopy greenness. We did not observe major differences among species. To synthesize, the timing of autumn leaf senescence appears conservative across years and species and even independent of drought, heat and increased atmospheric aridity. Therefore, to study autumn senescence and avoid confusion among studies, seasonal chlorophyll dynamics and loss of canopy greenness should be considered separately.                     </p>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "QE1-996.5", "0303 health sciences", "Ecology", "Physics", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Chemistry", "03 medical and health sciences", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Biology", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3309-2021"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-18-3309-2021", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-18-3309-2021", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-18-3309-2021"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-10-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-19-2333-2022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-05", "title": "Changing sub-Arctic tundra vegetation upon permafrost degradation: impact on foliar mineral element cycling", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Arctic warming and permafrost degradation are modifying northern ecosystems through changes in microtopography, soil water dynamics, nutrient availability, and vegetation succession. Upon permafrost degradation, the release of deep stores of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, from newly thawed permafrost stimulates Arctic vegetation production. More specifically, wetter lowlands show an increase in sedges (as part of graminoids), whereas drier uplands favor shrub expansion. These shifts in the composition of vegetation may influence local mineral element cycling through litter production. In this study, we evaluate the influence of permafrost degradation on mineral element foliar stocks and potential annual fluxes upon litterfall. We measured the foliar elemental composition (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, P, S, Si, and Zn) of \u223c\u2009500 samples of typical tundra plant species from two contrasting Alaskan tundra sites, i.e., an experimental sedge-dominated site (Carbon in Permafrost Experimental Heating Research, CiPEHR) and natural shrub-dominated site (Gradient). The foliar concentration of these mineral elements was species specific, with sedge leaves having relatively high Si concentration and shrub leaves having relatively high Ca and Mn concentrations. Therefore, changes in the species biomass composition of the Arctic tundra in response to permafrost thaw are expected to be the main factors that dictate changes in elemental composition of foliar stocks and maximum potential foliar fluxes upon litterfall. We observed an increase in the mineral element foliar stocks and potential annual litterfall fluxes, with Si increasing with sedge expansion in wetter sites (CiPEHR), and Ca and Mn increasing with shrub expansion in drier sites (Gradient). Consequently, we expect that sedge and shrub expansion upon permafrost thaw will lead to changes in litter elemental composition and therefore affect nutrient cycling across the sub-Arctic tundra with potential implications for further vegetation succession.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "mineral elements", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "vegetation change", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "permafrost degradation", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/2333/2022/bg-19-2333-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2333-2022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-19-2333-2022", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-19-2333-2022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-19-2333-2022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-05-13", "title": "Climatic variation drives loss and restructuring of carbon and nitrogen in boreal forest wildfire", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. The boreal forest landscape covers approximately 10\u2009% of the earth's land area and accounts for almost 30\u2009% of the global annual terrestrial sink of carbon\u00a0(C). Increased emissions due to climate-change-amplified fire frequency, size, and intensity threaten to remove elements such as C and nitrogen\u00a0(N) from forest soil and vegetation at rates faster than they accumulate. This may result in large areas within the region becoming a net source of greenhouse gases, creating a positive feedback loop with a changing climate. Meter-scale estimates of area-normalized fire emissions are limited in Eurasian boreal forests, and knowledge of their relation to climate and ecosystem properties is sparse. This study sampled 50 separate Swedish wildfires, which occurred during an extreme fire season in 2018, providing quantitative estimates of C and N loss due to fire along a climate gradient. Mean annual precipitation had strong positive effects on total fuel, which was the strongest driver for increasing C and N losses. Mean annual temperature\u00a0(MAT) influenced both pre- and postfire organic layer soil bulk density and C\u2009:\u2009N ratio, which had mixed effects on C and N losses. Significant fire-induced loss of C estimated in the 50 plots was comparable to estimates in similar Eurasian forests but approximately a quarter of those found in typically more intense North American boreal wildfires. N loss was insignificant, though a large amount of fire-affected fuel was converted to a low C\u2009:\u2009N surface layer of char in proportion to increased MAT. These results reveal large quantitative differences in C and N losses between global regions and their linkage to the broad range of climate conditions within Fennoscandia. A need exists to better incorporate these factors into models to improve estimates of global emissions of C and N due to fire in future climate scenarios. Additionally, this study demonstrated a linkage between climate and the extent of charring of soil fuel and discusses its potential for altering C and N dynamics in postfire recovery.</p></article>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "QH540-549.5", "Climate Science", "Klimatvetenskap", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-05-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-10", "title": "Management-induced changes in soil organic carbon  on global croplands", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC), one of the largest terrestrial carbon (C) stocks on Earth, has been depleted by anthropogenic land cover change and agricultural management. However, the latter has so far not been well represented in global C stock assessments. While SOC models often simulate detailed biochemical processes that lead to the accumulation and decay of SOC, the management decisions driving these biophysical processes are still little investigated at the global scale. Here we develop a spatially explicit data set for agricultural management on cropland, considering crop production levels, residue returning rates, manure application, and the adoption of irrigation and tillage practices. We combine it with a reduced-complexity model based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tier\u00a02 method to create a half-degree resolution data set of SOC stocks and SOC stock changes for the first 30\u2009cm of mineral soils. We estimate that, due to arable farming, soils have lost around 34.6\u2009GtC relative to a counterfactual hypothetical natural state in 1975. Within the period 1975\u20132010, this SOC debt continued to expand by 5\u2009GtC (0.14\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121) to around 39.6\u2009GtC. However, accounting for historical management led to 2.1\u2009GtC fewer (0.06\u2009GtC\u2009yr\u22121) emissions than under the assumption of constant management. We also find that management decisions have influenced the historical SOC trajectory most strongly by residue returning, indicating that SOC enhancement by biomass retention may be a promising negative emissions technique. The reduced-complexity SOC model may allow us to simulate management-induced SOC enhancement \u2013 also within computationally demanding integrated (land use) assessment modeling.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["570", "AGRICULTURE", "550", "Supplementary Data", "QH301 Biology", "agricultural management", "crop production", "SEQUESTRATION", "551", "01 natural sciences", "630", "NITROGEN-CYCLE", "QH301", "Life", "land cover", "QH501-531", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "soil carbon", "SDG 2 - Zero Hunger", "EMISSIONS", "CROPS", "QH540-549.5", "global change", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "INTENSIFICATION", "VEGETATION MODEL", "Geology", "LAND-USE CHANGE", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "CLIMATE", "COVER CHANGE", "agricultural land", "13. Climate action", "trajectory", "Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/5125/2022/bg-19-5125-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-19-5125-2022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-2018-181", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-04-26", "title": "Distribution of Fe isotopes in particles and colloids in the salinity gradient along the Lena River plume, Laptev Sea", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Riverine Fe input is the primary Fe source to the ocean. This study is focused on the distribution of Fe along the Lena River freshwater plume in the Laptev Sea using samples from a 600\u2009km long transect in front of the Lena River mouth. Separation of the particulate (&gt;\u20090.22\u2009\u00b5m), colloidal (0.22\u2009\u00b5m\u20131\u2009kDa), and truly dissolved (\u200999\u2009% of particulate Fe and about 90\u2009% of the colloidal Fe was observed across the shelf, while the truly dissolved phase was almost constant across the Laptev Sea. Thus, the truly dissolved Fe could be an important source of bioavailable Fe for plankton in the central Arctic Ocean, together with the colloidal Fe. Fe-isotope analysis showed that the particulate phase and the sediment below the Lena River freshwater plume had negative \u03b456Fe values (relative to IRMM-14). The colloidal Fe phase showed negative \u03b456Fe values close to the river mouth (about \u22120.20\u2009\u2030) and positive \u03b456Fe values in the outermost stations (about +0.10\u2009\u2030).  We suggest that the shelf zone acts as a sink for Fe particles and colloids with negative \u03b456Fe values, representing chemically reactive ferrihydrites. While the positive \u03b456Fe values of the colloidal phase within the outer Lena River freshwater plume, might represent Fe-oxyhydroxides, which remain in the water column, and will be the predominant \u03b456Fe composition in the Arctic Ocean.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["particles", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "truly dissolved iron", "Geology", "Geokemi", "Lena River Plume", "iron isotopes", "01 natural sciences", "estuarine mixing", "6. Clean water", "Geovetenskap och relaterad milj\u00f6vetenskap", "Geochemistry", "iron particles", "Life", "colloids", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Laptev Sea", "Fe isotopes", "14. Life underwater", "Earth and Related Environmental Sciences", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/16/1305/2019/bg-16-1305-2019.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2018-181"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-2018-181", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-2018-181", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-2018-181"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-04-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-2020-327", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-17", "title": "Evaluating stream CO 2 outgassing via Drifting and Anchored flux chambers in a controlled flume experiment", "description": "<p>Abstract. Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from running waters represent a key component of the global carbon cycle. However, quantifying CO2 fluxes across air\uffe2\uff80\uff93water boundaries remains challenging due to practical difficulties in the estimation of reach-scale standardized gas exchange velocities (k600) and water equilibrium concentrations. Whereas craft-made floating chambers supplied by internal CO2 sensors represent a promising technique to estimate CO2 fluxes from rivers, the existing literature lacks rigorous comparisons among differently designed chambers and deployment techniques. Moreover, as of now the uncertainty of k600 estimates from chamber data has not been evaluated. Here, these issues were addressed by analysing the results of a flume experiment carried out in the Summer of 2019 in the Lunzer:::Rinnen \uffe2\uff80\uff93 Experimental Facility (Austria). During the experiment, 100 runs were performed using two different chamber designs (namely, a standard chamber and a flexible foil chamber with an external floating system and a flexible sealing) and two different deployment modes (drifting and anchored). The runs were performed using various combinations of discharge and channel slope, leading to variable turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates (1.5\uffc3\uff9710-3&lt;\uffce\uffb5&lt;1\uffc3\uff9710-1\uffe2\uff80\uff89m2\uffe2\uff80\uff89s\uffe2\uff88\uff923). Estimates of gas exchange velocities were in line with the existing literature (4&lt;k600&lt;32\uffe2\uff80\uff89m2\uffe2\uff80\uff89s\uffe2\uff88\uff923), with a general increase in k600 for larger turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates. The flexible foil chamber gave consistent k600 patterns in response to changes in the slope and/or the flow rate. Moreover, acoustic Doppler velocimeter measurements indicated a limited increase in the turbulence induced by the flexible foil chamber on the flow field (22\uffe2\uff80\uff89% increase in \uffce\uffb5, leading to a theoretical 5\uffe2\uff80\uff89% increase in k600). The uncertainty in the estimate of gas exchange velocities was then estimated using a generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) procedure. Overall, uncertainty in k600 was moderate to high, with enhanced uncertainty in high-energy set-ups. For the anchored mode, the standard deviations of k600 were between 1.6 and 8.2\uffe2\uff80\uff89m\uffe2\uff80\uff89d\uffe2\uff88\uff921, whereas significantly higher values were obtained in drifting mode. Interestingly, for the standard chamber the uncertainty was larger (+\uffe2\uff80\uff8920\uffe2\uff80\uff89%) as compared to the flexible foil chamber. Our study suggests that a flexible foil design and the anchored deployment might be useful techniques to enhance the robustness and the accuracy of CO2 measurements in low-order streams. Furthermore, the study demonstrates the value of analytical and numerical tools in the identification of accurate estimations for gas exchange velocities. These findings have important implications for improving estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and reaeration rates in running waters.                     </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "QE1-996.5", "550", "660", "Ecology", "Geology", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Life", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "11. Sustainability", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/22849/1/vingiani_f_et_al_210329.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-327"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-2020-327", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-2020-327", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-2020-327"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-2020-397", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-05", "title": "Reviews and Syntheses: Impacts of plant silica \u2013 herbivore interactions on terrestrial biogeochemical  cycling", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Researchers have known for decades that silicon plays a major role in biogeochemical and plant-soil processes in terrestrial systems. Meanwhile, plant biologists continue to uncover a growing list of benefits derived from silicon to combat abiotic and biotic stresses, such as defense against herbivory. Yet despite growing recognition of herbivores as important ecosystem engineers, many major gaps remain in our understanding of how silicon and herbivory interact to shape biogeochemical processes, particularly in natural systems. We review and synthesize 119 available studies directly investigating silicon and herbivory to summarize key trends and highlight research gaps and opportunities. Categorizing studies by multiple ecosystem, plant, and herbivore characteristics, we find substantial evidence for a wide variety of important interactions between plant silicon and herbivory, but highlight the need for more research particularly in non-graminoid dominated vegetation outside of the temperate biome as well as on the potential effects of herbivory on silicon cycling. Continuing to overlook silicon-herbivory dynamics in natural ecosystems limits our understanding of potentially critical animal-plant-soil feedbacks necessary to inform land management decisions and to refine global models of environmental change.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["Ekologi", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "0303 health sciences", "Ecology", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Climate Science", "03 medical and health sciences", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "QH540-549.5", "Klimatvetenskap", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-397"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-2020-397", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-2020-397", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-2020-397"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-2020-93", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-05", "title": "Uncertainties, sensitivities and robustness of simulated water erosion in an EPIC-based global gridded crop model", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Water erosion on arable land can reduce soil fertility and agricultural productivity. Despite the impact of water erosion on crops, it is typically neglected in global crop yield projections. Furthermore, previous efforts to quantify global water erosion have paid little attention to the effects of field management on the magnitude of water erosion. In this study, we analyse the robustness of simulated water erosion estimates in maize and wheat fields between the years 1980 and 2010 based on daily model outputs from a global gridded version of the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (EPIC) crop model. By using the MUSS water erosion equation and country-specific and environmental indicators determining different intensities in tillage, residue handling and cover crops, we obtained the global median water erosion rates of 7\u2009t\u2009ha\u22121\u2009a\u22121 in maize fields and 5\u2009t\u2009ha\u22121\u2009a\u22121 in wheat fields. A comparison of our simulation results with field data demonstrates an overlap of simulated and measured water erosion values for the majority of global cropland. Slope inclination and daily precipitation are key factors in determining the agreement between simulated and measured erosion values and are the most critical input parameters controlling all water erosion equations included in EPIC. The many differences between field management methods worldwide, the varying water erosion estimates from different equations and the complex distribution of cropland in mountainous regions add uncertainty to the simulation results. To reduce the uncertainties in global water erosion estimates, it is necessary to gather more data on global farming techniques to reduce the uncertainty in global land-use maps and to collect more data on soil erosion rates representing the diversity of environmental conditions where crops are grown.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "550", "Ecology", "0207 environmental engineering", "500", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/16834/1/bg-17-5263-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/16834/1/bg-17-5263-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/17/5263/2020/bg-17-5263-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2020-93"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-2020-93", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-2020-93", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-2020-93"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-04-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-2021-259", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-20", "title": "Peat macropore networks \u2013 new insights into episodic and hotspot methane emission", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Peatlands are important natural sources of atmospheric methane (CH4) emissions. The emissions are strongly influenced by the diffusion of oxygen into the soil and of CH4 from the soil to the atmosphere. This diffusion, in turn, is controlled by the structure of macropore networks. The characterization of peat pore structure and connectivity through complex network theory approaches can give insight into how the relationship between the microscale pore space properties and CH4 emissions on a macroscopic scale is shaped. The formation of anaerobic pockets, which are local hotspots of CH4 production in unsaturated peat, can also be conceptualized through a pore network approach. In this study, we extracted interconnecting macropore networks from three-dimensional X-ray micro-computed tomography (\u00b5CT) images of peat samples and evaluated local and global connectivity metrics for the networks. We also simulated the water retention characteristics of the peat samples using a pore network modeling approach and compared the simulation results with measured water retention characteristics. The results showed large differences in peat macropore structure and pore network connectivity between vertical soil layers. The macropore space was more connected and the flow paths through the peat matrix were less tortuous near the soil surface than at deeper depths. In addition, macroporosity, structural anisotropy, and average pore throat diameter decreased with depth. Narrower and more winding air-filled diffusion channels may reduce the rate of CH4 transport as the distance from the peat layer to the soil\u2013air interface increases. Hysteresis was found to affect the evolution of the volume of connected air-filled pore space in unsaturated peat. Thus, the formation of anaerobic pockets may occur in a smaller soil volume and methanogenesis may be slower when the peat is wetting compared to drying conditions. This hysteretic behavior should be taken into account in biogeochemical models to explain the hotspots and episodic spikes of CH4 emissions. The network analysis also suggests that both local and global network connectivity metrics, such as the network average clustering coefficient and closeness centrality, might serve as proxies for assessing the efficiency of CH4 diffusion in air-filled pore networks. However, the applicability of the network metrics was restricted to the high-porosity near-surface layer. The spatial extent and global continuity of the pore network and the spatial distribution of the pores may be reflected in different network metrics in contrasting ways.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["DYNAMICS", "RAY COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY", "DRAINAGE", "01 natural sciences", "soil", "CARBON-DIOXIDE", "Life", "QH501-531", "peatlands", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "PORE-SIZE", "FEN", "Ecology", "methane", "pore network", "HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY", "Forestry", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "TRANSPORT", "Environmental sciences", "SOIL", "13. Climate action", "NORTHERN PEATLANDS", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/1959/2022/bg-19-1959-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-259"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-2021-259", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-2021-259", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-2021-259"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-3301-2010,2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-06-16", "description": "<p>Abstract. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas. N2O emissions from soils vary with fertilization and cropping practices. The response of N2O emission to fertilization of agricultural soils plays an important role in global N2O emission. The objective of this study was to assess the seasonal pattern of N2O fluxes and the annual N2O emissions from a rain-fed winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) field in the Loess Plateau of China. A static flux chamber method was used to measure soil N2O fluxes from 2006 to 2008. The study included 5 treatments with 3 replications in a randomized complete block design. Prior to initiating N2O measurements the treatments had received the same fertilization for 22 years. The fertilizer treatments were unfertilized control (CK), manure (M), nitrogen (N), nitrogen + phosphorus (NP), and nitrogen + phosphorus + manure (NPM). Soil N2O fluxes in the highland winter wheat field were highly variable temporally and thus were fertilization dependent. The highest fluxes occurred in the warmer and wetter seasons. Relative to CK, M slightly increased N2O flux while N, NP and NPM treatments significantly increased N2O fluxes. The fertilizer induced increase in N2O flux occurred mainly in the first 30 days after fertilization. The increases were smaller in the relatively warm and dry year than in the cold and wet year. Combining phosphorous and/or manure with mineral N fertilizer partly offset the nitrogen fertilizer induced increase in N2O flux. N2O fluxes at the seedling stage were mainly controlled by nitrogen fertilization, while fluxes at other plant growth stages were influenced by plant and environmental conditions. The cumulative N2O emissions were always higher in the fertilized treatments than in the non-fertilized treatment (CK). Mineral and manure nitrogen fertilizer enhanced N2O emissions in wetter years compared to dryer years. Phosphorous fertilizer offset 0.78 and 1.98 kg N2O ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 increases, while manure + phosphorous offset 0.67 and 1.64 kg N2O ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 increases by N fertilizer for the two observation years. Our results suggested that the contribution of single N fertilizer on N2O emission was larger than that of NP and NPM and that manure and phosphorous had important roles in offsetting mineral N fertilizer induced N2O emissions. Relative to agricultural production and N2O emission, manure fertilization (M) should be recommended while single N fertilization (N) should be avoided for the highland winter wheat due to the higher biomass and grain yield and less N2O flux and annual emission in M than in N.                         </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Soil Science", "Agriculture", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Biogeochemistry", "15. Life on land", "630", "6. Clean water", "Life", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agricultural Science", "QH540-549.5"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wei, X. R., Hao, M. D., Horton, Robert, Xue, X. D., Shi, P., Wang, A., Zang, Y. F.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-3301-2010,2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-3301-2010,2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-3301-2010,2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-3301-2010,2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-06-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-2022-36", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-07", "title": "Consistent responses of vegetation gas exchange to elevated atmospheric CO2 emerge from heuristic and optimization models", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration is expected to increase leaf CO2 assimilation rates, thus promoting plant growth and increasing leaf area. It also decreases stomatal conductance, allowing water savings that have been hypothesized to drive large-scale greening, in particular in arid and semiarid climates. However, the increase in leaf area could reduce the ameliorating effect of elevated CO2 concentration on soil water depletion. The net effect of elevated CO2 on leaf- and canopy-level gas exchange thus remains unclear. To address this question, a heuristic model based on the Partitioning of Equilibrium Transpiration and Assimilation (PETA) hypothesis and a model based on stomatal optimization theory are used and their outcomes compared. Predicted relative changes in leaf- and canopy-level gas exchange rates are used as a metric of responses to changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Both models predict reductions of leaf-level transpiration rate due to decreased stomatal conductance under elevated CO2, but negligible (PETA) or no (optimization) changes in canopy-level transpiration due to the compensatory effect of increased leaf area. Leaf- and canopy-level CO2 assimilation are predicted to increase, with an amplification of the CO2 fertilization effect at the canopy-level due to the enhanced leaf area. The expected increase in vapor pressure deficit (VPD) under warmer conditions is predicted to decrease the sensitivity of gas exchange to atmospheric CO2 concentration in both models except at growth temperatures lower than the photosynthetic thermal optimum. The consistent predictions by different models that canopy-level transpiration varies little under elevated CO2 due to combined stomatal conductance reduction and leaf area increase highlights the coordination of physiological and morphological characteristics in vegetation to maximize resource use (here water) under altered atmospheric conditions.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["580", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Geovetenskap och relaterad milj\u00f6vetenskap", "Physical Geography", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Earth and Related Environmental Sciences", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/28959/1/manzoni-s-et-al-20220926.pdf"}, {"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/19/4387/2022/bg-19-4387-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-36"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-2022-36", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-2022-36", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-2022-36"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-21-3441-2024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-12", "title": "When and why microbial-explicit soil organic carbon models can be unstable", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Microbial-explicit soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling models are increasingly recognized for their advantages over linear models in describing SOC dynamics. These models are known to exhibit oscillations, but it is not clear when they yield stable vs. unstable equilibrium points (EPs) \u2013 i.e. EPs that exist analytically, but are not stable to small perturbations and cannot be reached by transient simulations. Occurrence of such unstable EPs can lead to unexpected model behaviour in transient simulations or unrealistic predictions of steady state soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Here we ask when and why unstable EPs can occur in an archetypal microbial-explicit model (representing SOC, dissolved OC [DOC], microbial biomass, and extracellular enzymes) and some simplified versions of it. Further, if a model formulation allows for physically meaningful but unstable EPs, can we find constraints in the model parameters (i.e. environmental conditions and microbial traits) that ensure stability of the EPs? We use analytical, numerical and descriptive tools to answer these questions. We found that instability can occur when the resupply of a growth substrate (DOC) is (via a positive feedback loop) dependent on its abundance. We identified a conservative, sufficient condition on model parameters to ensure stability of EPs. Interactive effects of environmental conditions and parameters describing microbial physiology point to the relevance of basic ecological principles for avoidance of unrealistic (i.e. unstable) simulation outcomes. These insights can help to improve applicability of microbial-explicit models, aid our understanding of the dynamics of these models and highlight the relation between mathematical requirements and (in silico) microbial ecology.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "QE1-996.5", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-3441-2024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-21-3441-2024", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-21-3441-2024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-21-3441-2024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-21-357-2024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-01-22", "title": "Seasonal particulate organic carbon dynamics of the Kolyma River tributaries, Siberia", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Arctic warming is causing permafrost thaw and release of organic carbon (OC) to fluvial systems. Permafrost-derived OC can be transported downstream and degraded into greenhouse gases that may enhance climate warming. Susceptibility of OC to decomposition depends largely upon its source and composition, which vary throughout the seasonally distinct hydrograph. Most studies on carbon dynamics to date have focused on larger Arctic rivers, yet little is known about carbon cycling in lower-order rivers and streams. Here, we characterize the composition and sources of OC, focusing on less studied particulate OC (POC), in smaller waterways within the Kolyma River watershed. Additionally, we examine how watershed characteristics control carbon concentrations. In lower-order systems, we find rapid initiation of primary production in response to warm water temperatures during spring freshet, shown by decreasing \u03b413C-POC, in contrast to larger rivers. This results in CO2 uptake by primary producers and microbial degradation of mainly autochthonous OC. However, if terrestrially derived inorganic carbon is assimilated by primary producers, part of it is returned via CO2 emissions if the autochthonous OC pool is simultaneously degraded. As Arctic warming and hydrologic changes may increase OC transfer from smaller waterways to larger river networks, understanding carbon dynamics in smaller waterways is crucial.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "QE1-996.5", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "QH540-549.5", "permafrost"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-357-2024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-21-357-2024", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-21-357-2024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-21-357-2024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-21-4077-2024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-19", "title": "Mechanisms of soil organic carbon and nitrogen stabilization in mineral associated organic matter \u2013 Insights from modelling in phase space", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Understanding the mechanisms of plant-derived carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) transformation and stabilization in soil is fundamental for predicting soil capacity to mitigate climate change and support other soil functions. The decomposition of plant residues and particulate organic matter (POM) contributes to the formation of mineral associated (on average more stable) organic matter (MAOM) in soil. MAOM is formed from the binding of dissolved organic matter (ex vivo pathway) or microbial necromass and bioproducts (in vivo pathway) to minerals and metal colloids. Which of these two soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization pathways is more important and under which conditions remains an open question. To address this question, we propose a novel diagnostic model to describe C and N dynamics in MAOM as a function of the dynamics of residues and POM decomposition. Focusing on relations among soil compartments (i.e., modelling in phase space) rather than time trajectories allows isolating the fundamental processes underlying stabilization. Using this diagnostic model in combination with a database of ~ 40 studies in which residue C and N were tracked into POM and MAOM, we found that MAOM is predominantly fuelled by necromass produced by microbes decomposing residues and POM\u2014the so-called \u2018in vivo\u2019 pathway of stabilization. The relevance of the in vivo pathway is higher in clayey soils, but lower in C rich soils and with N poor added residues. Overall, our novel modelling in phase space proved to be a sound diagnostic tool for the mechanistic investigation of soil C dynamics and supported the current understanding of the critical role of both microbial transformation and mineral capacity for the stabilization of C in mineral soils.</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "QH540-549.5"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stefano Manzoni, M. Francesca Cotrufo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4077-2024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-21-4077-2024", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-21-4077-2024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-21-4077-2024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-21-4301-2024", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-10-02", "title": "The effects of land use on soil carbon stocks in the UK", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Greenhouse gas stabilisation in the atmosphere is one of the most pressing challenges of this century. Sequestering carbon in the soil by changing land use and management is increasingly proposed as part of climate mitigation strategies, but our understanding of this is limited in quantitative terms. Here we collate a substantial national and regional data set (15\u2009790\u00a0soil cores) and analyse it in an advanced statistical modelling framework. This produced new estimates of the effects of land use on soil carbon stock (Sc) in the UK, different in magnitude and ranking order from the previous best estimates. Soil carbon stocks were highest in woodlands, followed by rough grazing, semi-natural grasslands, and improved grasslands, and they were lowest in croplands. Estimates were smaller than the previous estimates, partly because of new data, but mainly because the effect is more reliably characterised using a logarithmic transformation of the data. With the very large data set analysed here, the uncertainty in the differences among land uses was small enough to identify consistent mean effects. However, the variability in these effects was large, and this variability was similar across all surveys. This has important implications for agri-environment schemes seeking to sequester carbon in the soil by altering land use, because the effect of a given intervention is very hard to verify. We examined the validity of the \u201cspace-for-time\u201d substitution, and, although the results were not unequivocal, we estimated that the effects are likely to be overestimated by 5\u2009%\u201333\u2009%, depending upon land use.</p></article>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Life", "QH501-531", "Geology", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/4301/2024/bg-21-4301-2024.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-4301-2024"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-21-4301-2024", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-21-4301-2024", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-21-4301-2024"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-22-1277-2025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-08-15", "title": "Eddy covariance fluxes of CO                   2                   , CH                   4                   and N                   2                   O on a drained peatland forest after clearcutting", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Even-aged forestry based on clearcut harvesting, planting, and one to three thinnings is currently the dominant management approach in Fennoscandia. However, our understanding of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions following clearcutting remains limited, particularly on drained peatland forests. In this study, we report eddy covariance-based (EC) net emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from a boreal fertile drained peatland forest one year after the harvest. Our results show that on annual scale, the site was a net CO2 source. The CO2 emissions dominate the total annual GHG balance (23.3 t CO2-eq ha-1 a-1, 82.5 % of the total), while the role of N2O emissions (4.8 t CO2-eq ha-1 a-1, 17.1 %) was also significant. The site was a weak CH4 source (0.1 t CO2-eq ha-1 a-1, 0.4 %). A statistical model was developed to estimate surface-type-specific CH4 and N2O emissions. The model was based on air temperature and fraction of specific surface-types within the EC flux footprint. The surface-types were classified using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spectral imaging and machine learning. Based on the statistical models, the highest surface-type specific CH4 emissions occurred from plant-covered ditches and exposed peat, while the surfaces dominated by living trees, dead wood, and litter along with plant-covered ditches were the main contributors to N2O emissions. Our study provides new insights into how CH4 and N2O fluxes are affected by surface-type variation across clearcutting areas in boreal forested peatlands. Our findings highlight the need for integrating surface-type-specific flux modelling, EC-based data, and chamber-based flux measurements to comprehend the GHG emissions following clearcutting. Results strengthen the accumulated evidence that recently clearcut peatland forests are significant GHG sources.</p></article>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "11. Sustainability", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "QH540-549.5", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/1277/2025/bg-22-1277-2025.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1277-2025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-22-1277-2025", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-22-1277-2025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-22-1277-2025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-22-1907-2025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-04-17", "title": "Modelling the effect of climate\u2013substrate interactions on soil organic matter decomposition with the Jena Soil Model", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is the largest terrestrial carbon pool, but it is still uncertain how it will respond to climate change. Specifically, the fate of SOC due to concurrent changes in soil temperature and moisture is uncertain. It is generally accepted that microbially driven SOC decomposition will increase with warming, provided that sufficient soil moisture (and hence sufficient C substrate) is available for microbial decomposition. We use a mechanistic, microbially explicit SOC decomposition model, the Jena Soil Model (JSM), and focus on the depolymerisation of litter and microbial residues by microbes at different soil depths as well as the sensitivities of the depolymerisation of litter and microbial residues to soil warming and different drought intensities. In a series of model experiments, we test the effects of soil warming and droughts on SOC stocks, in combination with different temperature sensitivities (Q10 values) for the half-saturation constant Km (Q10,Km) associated with the breakdown of litter or microbial residues. We find that soil warming can lead to SOC losses at a timescale of a century and that these losses are highest in the topsoil (compared with the subsoil). Droughts can alleviate the effects of soil warming and reduce SOC losses, by posing strong microbial limitation on the depolymerisation rates, and even lead to SOC accumulation, provided that litter inputs remain unchanged. While absolute SOC losses were highest in the topsoil, we found that the temperature and moisture sensitivities of Km were important drivers of SOC losses in the subsoil \u2013 where microbial biomass is low and mineral-associated OC is high. Furthermore, a combination of drought and different Q10,Km values associated with different enzymes for the breakdown of litter or microbial residues had counteracting effects on the overall SOC balance. In this study, we show that, while absolute SOC changes driven by soil warming and drought are highest in the topsoil, SOC in the subsoil is more sensitive to warming and drought due to the intricate interplay between Km, temperature, soil moisture, and mineral-associated SOC.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Life", "QH501-531", "Geology", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/1907/2025/bg-22-1907-2025.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-1907-2025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-22-1907-2025", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-22-1907-2025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-22-1907-2025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-04-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-22-2691-2025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-06-13", "title": "Validating laboratory predictions of soil rewetting respiration pulses using field data", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Improved understanding of the mechanisms driving heterotrophic CO2 emissions after rewetting of a dry soil may improve projections of future soil carbon fate. While drying and rewetting (DRW) under laboratory conditions have demonstrated that heterotrophic CO2 emissions depend on DRW features and soil and environmental conditions, these laboratory insights have not been validated in field conditions. To this aim, we collated mean respiration rates over 48\u2009h after rewetting from two data sources: 37 laboratory studies reporting data for more than\u00a03 DRW cycles (laboratory respiration, LR) and\u00a06 field datasets recording hourly heterotrophic respiration and soil moisture (field respiration, FR). LR and FR were explained by six predictors using random forest algorithms and partial dependence plots. Results indicated that the most important drivers of LR and FR were SOC and temperature, respectively. Both LR and FR increased with increasing SOC and temperature. LR increased with soil dryness before rewetting, but this trend was less clear in FR. LR decreased with soil moisture increments at rewetting, while FR increased with soil moisture increments. LR was higher in soils from humid climates than from arid climates, but this effect was not observed in FR. We concluded that laboratory insights could be partly validated with current datasets. Caution should be taken when extending laboratory insights for predicting fluxes in ecosystems.</p></article>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Life", "QH501-531", "Geology", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/22/2691/2025/bg-22-2691-2025.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-2691-2025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-22-2691-2025", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-22-2691-2025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-22-2691-2025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-06-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-22-601-2025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-01-31", "title": "Contrasting seasonal patterns in particle aggregation and dissolved organic matter transformation in a sub-Arctic fjord", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Particulate (POM) and dissolved (DOM) organic matter in the ocean are important components of the Earth's biogeochemical cycle. The two are in a constant state of dynamic change as a result of physical and biochemical processes; however, they are mostly treated as two distinct entities, separated operationally by a filter. We studied the seasonal transition of DOM and POM pools and their drivers in a sub-Arctic fjord by means of monthly environmental sampling and by performing experiments at selected time points. For the experiments, surface water (5\u2009m) was either pre-filtered through a GF/F filter (0.7\u2009\u00b5m) or left unfiltered, followed by 36\u2009h incubations. Before and after incubation, samples were collected for dissolved and particulate organic carbon concentrations (DOC, POC), extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs), microbial community (flow cytometry), and molecular composition of DOM (high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry \u2013 HPLC-HRMS). During the biologically productive period, when environmental POC concentrations were high (April, June, September), the filtered water showed an increase in POC concentrations. While POC concentrations increased in September, DOM lability decreased based on changes in the average hydrogen saturation and aromaticity of DOM molecules. In contrast, during the winter period (December and February), when environmental POC concentrations were low, lower concentrations of POC were measured at the end of the experiments compared to at the start. The change in POC concentrations was significantly different between the biologically productive period and the winter period (t test; p&lt;0.05). Simultaneously, the DOM pool became more labile during the incubation period, as indicated by changes in the average hydrogen saturation, aromaticity, and oxygen saturation, with implications for carbon cycling. The change in POC was not directly associated with an antagonistic change in DOC concentrations, highlighting the complexity of organic matter transformations, making the dynamics between POC and DOC difficult to quantify. However, in both periods, bacterial activity and EPS concentrations increased throughout the incubations, showing that bacterial degradation and physical DOM aggregation drive the transformations of POM and DOM in concert but at varying degrees under different environmental conditions.                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["particulate organic carbon", "seasonal variation", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "saturation", "aggregation", "surface water", "fjord", "Geology", "biogeochemical cycle", "Milj\u00f6vetenskap", "dissolved organic carbon", "microbial activity", "environmental conditions", "Life", "QH501-531", "microbial community", "Environmental Sciences", "QH540-549.5"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Maria G. Digernes, Yasemin V. Bodur, Mart\u00ed Amargant-Arum\u00ed, Oliver M\u00fcller, Jeffrey A. Hawkes, Stephen G. Kohler, Ulrike Dietrich, Marit Reigstad, Maria L. Paulsen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-22-601-2025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-22-601-2025", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-22-601-2025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-22-601-2025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-3-571-2006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "<p>Abstract. Eddy covariance technique to measure CO2, water and energy fluxes between biosphere and atmosphere is widely spread and used in various regional networks. Currently more than 250 eddy covariance sites are active around the world measuring carbon exchange at high temporal resolution for different biomes and climatic conditions. In this paper a new standardized set of corrections is introduced and the uncertainties associated with these corrections are assessed for eight different forest sites in Europe with a total of 12 yearly datasets. The uncertainties introduced on the two components GPP (Gross Primary Production) and TER (Terrestrial Ecosystem Respiration) are also discussed and a quantitative analysis presented. Through a factorial analysis we find that generally, uncertainties by different corrections are additive without interactions and that the heuristic u*-correction introduces the largest uncertainty. The results show that a standardized data processing is needed for an effective comparison across biomes and for underpinning inter-annual variability. The methodology presented in this paper has also been integrated in the European database of the eddy covariance measurements.                     </p>", "keywords": ["european database of the eddy covariance measurements", "550", "net ecosystem exchange", "Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM]", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "[SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "[PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]", "Life", "QH501-531", "[SDV.BBM.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry", " Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM]", "QH540-549.5", "eddy covariance technique", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "QE1-996.5", "algorithm", "[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "Ecology", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "500", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "terrestrial ecosystem respiration", "gross primary production", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "[SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry", "[PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "co2", "measurement", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-3-571-2006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-3-571-2006", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-3-571-2006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-3-571-2006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-11-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-4-891-2007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "<p>Abstract. Ecosystems in dry regions are generally low in productivity and carbon (C) storage. We report, however, large increases in C sequestration following afforestation of a semi-arid shrubland with Pinus halepensis trees. Using C and nitrogen (N) inventories, based in part on site-specific allometric equations, we measured an increase in the standing ecosystem C stock from 2380 g C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 in the shrubland to 5840 g C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 in the forest after 35 years, with no significant change in N stocks. Carbon sequestration following afforestation was associated with increased N use efficiency as reflected by an overall increase in C/N ratio from 7.6 in the shrubland to 16.6 in the forest. The C accumulation rate in the forest was particularly high for soil organic C (SOC; increase of 1760 g C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 or 50 g C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), which was associated with the following factors: 1) Analysis of a small 13C signal within this pure C3 system combined with size fractionation of soil organic matter indicated a significant addition of new SOC derived from forest vegetation (68% of total forest SOC) and a considerable portion of the old original shrubland SOC (53%) still remaining in the forest. 2) A large part of both new and old SOC appeared to be protected from decomposition as about 60% of SOC under both land-use types were in mineral-associated fractions. 3) A short-term decomposition study indicated decreased decomposition of lower-quality litter and SOC in the forest, based on reduced decay rates of up to 90% for forest compared to shrubland litter. 4) Forest soil included a significant component of live and dead roots (12% of total SOC). Our results suggest a role for increased N use efficiency, enhanced SOC protection and reduced decomposition rates in the large C sequestration potential following afforestation in semi-arid regions. These results are particularly relevant in light of persistent predictions of drying trends in the Mediterranean and other regions.                     </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "Life", "[PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO]", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gr\u00fcnzweig, J. M., Gelfand, I., Fried, Y., Yakir, D.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-891-2007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-4-891-2007", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-4-891-2007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-4-891-2007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-6-2879-2009,2009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "<p>Abstract. This study compared carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes over three grassland ecosystems in China, including a temperate semiarid steppe in Inner Mongolia (NMG), an alpine shrub-meadow in Qinghai (HB), and an alpine meadow-steppe in Tibet (DX). Measurements were made in 2004 and 2005 using the eddy covariance technique. Objectives were to document the seasonality of the net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) and its components, gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP), and ecosystem respiration (Reco), and to examine how environmental factors affect the CO2 exchange in these grassland ecosystems. The 2005 growing season (from May to September) was warmer than that of 2004 across the three sites, and precipitation in 2005 was less than that in 2004 at NMG and DX. The magnitude of CO2 fluxes (daily and annual sums) was largest at HB, which also showed the highest temperature sensitivity of Reco among the three sites. A stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that the seasonal variation of GEP, Reco, and NEE of the alpine shrub-meadow was mainly controlled by air temperature, whereas leaf area index can likely explain the seasonal variation in GEP, Reco, and NEE of the temperate steppe. The CO2 fluxes of the alpine meadow-steppe were jointly affected by soil moisture and air temperature. The alpine shrub-meadow acted as a net carbon sink over the two study years, whereas the temperate steppe and alpine meadow-steppe acted as net carbon sources. Both GEP and Reco were reduced by the summer and spring drought in 2005 at NMG and DX, respectively. The accumulated leaf area index during the growing season (LAIsum) played a key role in the interannual and intersite variation of annual GEP and Reco across the study sites and years, whereas soil moisture contributed most significantly to the variation in annual NEE. Because LAIsum was significantly correlated with soil moisture at a depth of 20 cm, we concluded that the available soil moisture other than annual precipitation was the most important factor controlling the variation in the CO2 budgets of different grassland ecosystems in China.                     </p>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0207 environmental engineering", "Geology", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-2879-2009,2009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-6-2879-2009,2009", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-6-2879-2009,2009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-6-2879-2009,2009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-12-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-1223-2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "<p>Abstract. Climate change induced droughts pose a serious threat to ecosystems across the tropics and sub-tropics, particularly to those areas not adapted to natural dry periods. In order to study the vulnerability of cacao (Theobroma cacao) \uffe2\uff80\uff93 Gliricidia sepium agroforestry plantations to droughts a large scale throughfall displacement roof was built in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. In this 19-month experiment, we compared soil surface CO2 efflux (soil respiration) from three roof plots with three adjacent control plots. Soil respiration rates peaked at intermediate soil moisture conditions and decreased under increasingly dry conditions (drought induced), or increasingly wet conditions (as evidenced in control plots). The roof plots exhibited a slight decrease in soil respiration compared to the control plots (average 13% decrease). The strength of the drought effect was spatially variable \uffe2\uff80\uff93 while some measurement chamber sites reacted strongly (responsive) to the decrease in soil water content (up to R2=0.70) (n=11), others did not react at all (non-responsive) (n=7). A significant correlation was measured between responsive soil respiration chamber sites and sap flux density ratios of cacao (R=0.61) and Gliricidia (R=0.65). Leaf litter CO2 respiration decreased as conditions became drier. The litter layer contributed approximately 3\uffe2\uff80\uff934% of the total CO2 efflux during dry periods and up to 40% during wet periods. Within days of roof opening soil CO2 efflux rose to control plot levels. Thereafter, CO2 efflux remained comparable between roof and control plots. The cumulative effect on soil CO2 emissions over the duration of the experiment was not significantly different: the control plots respired 11.1\uffc2\uffb10.5 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, while roof plots respired 10.5\uffc2\uffb10.5 Mg C ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. The relatively mild decrease measured in soil CO2 efflux indicates that this agroforestry ecosystem is capable of mitigating droughts with only minor stress symptoms.                     </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "570", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CO2", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1223-2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-1223-2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-1223-2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-1223-2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-04-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "<p>Abstract. Global climate change in the real world always exhibits simultaneous changes in multiple factors. Prediction of ecosystem responses to multi-factor global changes in a future world strongly relies on our understanding of their interactions. However, it is still unclear how nitrogen (N) deposition and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration [CO2] would interactively influence forest floor soil respiration in subtropical China. We assessed the main and interactive effects of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration by growing tree seedlings in ten large open-top chambers under CO2 (ambient CO2 and 700 \uffce\uffbcmol mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and nitrogen (ambient and 100 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) treatments. Soil respiration, soil temperature and soil moisture were measured for 30 months, as well as above-ground biomass, root biomass and soil organic matter (SOM). Results showed that soil respiration displayed strong seasonal patterns with higher values observed in the wet season (April\uffe2\uff80\uff93September) and lower values in the dry season (October\uffe2\uff80\uff93March) in all treatments. Significant exponential relationships between soil respiration rates and soil temperatures, as well as significant linear relationships between soil respiration rates and soil moistures (below 15%) were found. Both CO2 and N treatments significantly affected soil respiration, and there was significant interaction between elevated [CO2] and N addition (p&lt;0.001, p=0.003, and p=0.006, respectively). We also observed that the stimulatory effect of individual elevated [CO2] (about 29% increased) was maintained throughout the experimental period. The positive effect of N addition was found only in 2006 (8.17% increased), and then had been weakened over time. Their combined effect on soil respiration (about 50% increased) was greater than the impact of either one alone. Mean value of annual soil respiration was 5.32 \uffc2\uffb1 0.08, 4.54 \uffc2\uffb1 0.10, 3.56 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 and 3.53 \uffc2\uffb1 0.03 kg CO2 m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the chambers exposed to elevated [CO2] and high N deposition (CN), elevated [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CC), ambient [CO2] and high N deposition (NN), and ambient [CO2] and ambient N deposition (CK as a control), respectively. Greater above-ground biomass and root biomass was obtained in the CN, CC and NN treatments, and higher soil organic matter was observed only in the CN treatment. In conclusion, the combined effect of elevated [CO2] and N addition on soil respiration was apparent interaction. They should be evaluated in combination in subtropical forest ecosystems in China where the atmospheric CO2 and N deposition have been increasing simultaneously and remarkably.                     </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Qi Deng, Shuangquan Liu, Honglang Duan, Guoyi Zhou, Juxiu Liu, Dainan Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-315-2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-315-2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-08-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "<p>Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) data were collected from six long-term experiment sites in the upland of northern China. Various fertilization (e.g. inorganic fertilizations and combined inorganic-manure applications) and cropping (e.g. mono- and double-cropping) practices have been applied at these sites. Our analyses indicate that long-term applications of inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) result in a significant increase in SOC at the sites with the double-cropping systems. The applications of inorganic NP and/or NPK combined with manure lead to a significantly increasing trend in SOC content at all the sites. However, the application of NPK with crop residue incorporation can only increase SOC content in the warm-temperate areas with the double-cropping systems. Regression analyses suggest that soil carbon sequestration responds linearly to carbon input at all the sites. Conversion rates of carbon input to SOC decrease significantly with an increase of annual accumulative temperature or precipitation, showing lower rates (6.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff937.7%) in the warm-temperate areas than in the mid-temperate areas (15.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff9331.0%).                         </p>", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Crop", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Fertilizer", "Engineering", "Life", "Crop rotation", "QH501-531", "Soil water", "Multiple cropping", "Arable land", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Soil Water Retention", "Total organic carbon", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Phosphorus", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "Environmental Chemistry", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Sowing", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Soil science", "Soil Fertility", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Temperate climate", "Manure", "Unsaturated Soil Mechanics", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Cropping system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "<p>Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) data were collected from six long-term experiment sites in the upland of northern China. Various fertilization (e.g. inorganic fertilizations and combined inorganic-manure applications) and cropping (e.g. mono- and double-cropping) practices have been applied at these sites. Our analyses indicate that long-term applications of inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) result in a significant increase in SOC at the sites with the double-cropping systems. The applications of inorganic NP and/or NPK combined with manure lead to a significantly increasing trend in SOC content at all the sites. However, the application of NPK with crop residue incorporation can only increase SOC content in the warm-temperate areas with the double-cropping systems. Regression analyses suggest that soil carbon sequestration responds linearly to carbon input at all the sites. Conversion rates of carbon input to SOC decrease significantly with an increase of annual accumulative temperature or precipitation, showing lower rates (6.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff937.7%) in the warm-temperate areas than in the mid-temperate areas (15.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff9331.0%).                         </p>", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Crop", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Fertilizer", "Engineering", "Life", "Crop rotation", "QH501-531", "Soil water", "Multiple cropping", "Arable land", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Soil Water Retention", "Total organic carbon", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Phosphorus", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "Environmental Chemistry", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Sowing", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Soil science", "Soil Fertility", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Temperate climate", "Manure", "Unsaturated Soil Mechanics", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Cropping system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010.", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "description": "<p>Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) data were collected from six long-term experiment sites in the upland of northern China. Various fertilization (e.g. inorganic fertilizations and combined inorganic-manure applications) and cropping (e.g. mono- and double-cropping) practices have been applied at these sites. Our analyses indicate that long-term applications of inorganic nitrogen-phosphorus (NP) and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) result in a significant increase in SOC at the sites with the double-cropping systems. The applications of inorganic NP and/or NPK combined with manure lead to a significantly increasing trend in SOC content at all the sites. However, the application of NPK with crop residue incorporation can only increase SOC content in the warm-temperate areas with the double-cropping systems. Regression analyses suggest that soil carbon sequestration responds linearly to carbon input at all the sites. Conversion rates of carbon input to SOC decrease significantly with an increase of annual accumulative temperature or precipitation, showing lower rates (6.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff937.7%) in the warm-temperate areas than in the mid-temperate areas (15.8%\uffe2\uff80\uff9331.0%).                         </p>", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Organic chemistry", "Carbon Dynamics in Peatland Ecosystems", "Crop", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Fertilizer", "Engineering", "Life", "Crop rotation", "QH501-531", "Soil water", "Multiple cropping", "Arable land", "QH540-549.5", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Soil Water Retention", "Total organic carbon", "Life Sciences", "Geology", "Phosphorus", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Chemistry", "Physical Sciences", "Environmental chemistry", "Biogeochemical Cycling of Nutrients in Aquatic Ecosystems", "Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils", "Nitrogen", "Soil Science", "Thermal Effects on Soil", "Environmental science", "Environmental Chemistry", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Sowing", "Civil and Structural Engineering", "Soil science", "Soil Fertility", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "Temperate climate", "Manure", "Unsaturated Soil Mechanics", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems", "Cropping system"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010."}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010.", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010.", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-409-2010,2010."}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-07-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-7-671-2010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-04-29", "title": "Short Term Changes Of Microbial Processes In Icelandic Soils To Increasing Temperatures", "description": "<p>Abstract. Temperature change is acknowledged to have a significant effect on soil biological processes and the corresponding sequestration of carbon and cycling of nutrients. Soils at high latitudes are likely to be particularly impacted by increases in temperature. Icelandic soils experience unusually frequent freeze and thaw cycles compare to other Arctic regions, which are increasing due to a warming climate. As a consequence these soils are frequently affected by short term temperature fluctuations. In this study, the short term response of a range of soil microbial parameters (respiration, nutrient availability, microbial biomass carbon, arylphosphatase and dehydrogenase activity) to temperature changes was measured in sub-arctic soils collected from across Iceland. Sample sites reflected two soil temperature regimes (cryic and frigid) and two land uses (pasture and arable). The soils were sampled from the field frozen, equilibrated at \uffe2\uff88\uff9220 \uffc2\uffb0C and then incubated for two weeks at \uffe2\uff88\uff9210 \uffc2\uffb0C, \uffe2\uff88\uff922 \uffc2\uffb0C, +2 \uffc2\uffb0C and +10 \uffc2\uffb0. Respiration and enzymatic activity were temperature dependent. The soil temperature regime affected the soil microbial biomass carbon sensitivity to temperatures. When soils where sampled from the cryic temperature regime a decreasing soil microbial biomass was detected when temperatures rose above the freezing point. Frigid soils, sampled from milder climatic conditions, where unaffected by difference in temperatures. Nitrogen mineralisation did not change with temperature. At \uffe2\uff88\uff9210 \uffc2\uffb0C, dissolved organic carbon accounted for 88% of the fraction of labile carbon which was significantly greater than that recorded at +10 \uffc2\uffb0C when dissolved organic carbon accounted for as low as 42% of the labile carbon fraction.</p>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "QH540-549.5"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Olafur Arnalds, R. Guicharnaud, R. Guicharnaud, Graeme I. Paton,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-671-2010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-7-671-2010", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-7-671-2010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-7-671-2010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-8-1487-2011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-06-09", "title": "Soil Organic Matter Dynamics In A North America Tallgrass Prairie After 9 Yr Of Experimental Warming", "description": "<p>Abstract. The influence of global warming on soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems remains unclear. In this study, we combined soil fractionation with isotope analyses to examine SOM dynamics after nine years of experimental warming in a North America tallgrass prairie. Soil samples from the control plots and the warmed plots were separated into four aggregate sizes (&gt;2000 \uffce\uffbcm, 250\uffe2\uff80\uff932000 \uffce\uffbcm, 53\uffe2\uff80\uff93250 \uffce\uffbcm, and &lt;53 \uffce\uffbcm), and three density fractions (free light fraction \uffe2\uff80\uff93 LF, intra-aggregate particulate organic matter \uffe2\uff80\uff93 iPOM, and mineral-associated organic matter \uffe2\uff80\uff93 mSOM). All fractions were analyzed for their carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content, and \uffce\uffb413C and \uffce\uffb415N values. Warming did not significantly effect soil aggregate distribution and stability but increased C4-derived C input into all fractions with the greatest in LF. Warming also stimulated decay rates of C in whole soil and all aggregate sizes. C in LF turned over faster than that in iPOM in the warmed soils. The \uffce\uffb415N values of soil fractions were more enriched in the warmed soils than those in the control, indicating that warming accelerated loss of soil N. The \uffce\uffb415N values changed from low to high, while C:N ratios changed from high to low in the order LF, iPOM, and mSOM due to increased degree of decomposition and mineral association. Overall, warming increased the input of C4-derived C by 11.6 %, which was offset by the accelerated loss of soil C. Our results suggest that global warming simultaneously stimulates C input via shift in species composition and decomposition of SOM, resulting in negligible net change in soil C.                     </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "QH540-549.5"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Xia Xu, Rebecca A. Sherry, Yiqi Luo, Qi-Bin Zhang, Xiaoli Cheng, Xiaoli Cheng,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1487-2011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-8-1487-2011", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-8-1487-2011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-8-1487-2011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-06-09T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-8-2341-2011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-25", "title": "Nitrogen Enrichment Enhances The Dominance Of Grasses Over Forbs In A Temperate Steppe Ecosystem", "description": "<p>Abstract. Chinese grasslands are extensive natural ecosystems that comprise 40 % of the total land area of the country and are sensitive to N deposition. A field experiment with six N rates (0, 30, 60, 120, 240, and 480 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was conducted at Duolun, Inner Mongolia, during 2005 and 2010 to identify some effects of N addition on a temperature steppe ecosystem. The dominant plant species in the plots were divided into two categories, grasses and forbs, on the basis of species life forms. Enhanced N deposition, even as little as 30 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 above ambient N deposition (16 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), led to a decline in species richness. The cover of grasses increased with N addition rate but their species richness showed a weak change across N treatments. Both species richness and cover of forbs declined strongly with increasing N deposition as shown by linear regression analysis (p&lt;0.05). Increasing N deposition elevated aboveground production of grasses but lowered aboveground biomass of forbs. Plant N concentration, plant \uffce\uffb415N and soil mineral N increased with N addition, showing positive relationships between plant \uffce\uffb415N and N concentration, soil mineral N and/or applied N rate. The cessation of N application in the 480 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 treatment in 2009 and 2010 led to a slight recovery of the forb species richness relative to total cover and aboveground biomass, coinciding with reduced plant N concentration and soil mineral N. The results show that N deposition induced changes in soil N transformations and plant N assimilation that are key to changes in species composition and biomass accumulation in this temperate steppe ecosystem.                         </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1900/1904", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "14. Life underwater", "/dk/atira/pure/subjectarea/asjc/1100/1105", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "QH540-549.5", "Earth-Surface Processes"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2341-2011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-8-2341-2011", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-8-2341-2011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-8-2341-2011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-8-2805-2011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-09-29", "title": "Increased Phosphorus Availability Mitigates The Inhibition Of Nitrogen Deposition On Ch4 Uptake In An Old-Growth Tropical Forest, Southern China", "description": "<p>Abstract. It is well established that tropical forest ecosystems are often limited by phosphorus (P) availability, and elevated atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition may further enhance such P limitation. However, it is uncertain whether P availability would affect soil fluxes of greenhouse gases, such as methane (CH4) uptake, and how P interacts with N deposition. We examine the effects of N and P additions on soil CH4 uptake in an N saturated old-growth tropical forest in southern China to test the following hypotheses: (1) P addition would increase CH4 uptake; (2) N addition would decrease CH4 uptake; and (3) P addition would mitigate the inhibitive effect of N addition on soil CH4 uptake. Four treatments were conducted at the following levels from February 2007 to October 2009: control, N-addition (150 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), P-addition (150 kg P ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and NP-addition (150 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 plus 150 kg P ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Static chamber and gas chromatography techniques were used to quantify soil CH4 uptake every month throughout the study period. Average CH4 uptake rate was 31.2 \uffc2\uffb1 1.1 \uffce\uffbcg CH4-C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the control plots. The mean CH4 uptake rate in the N-addition plots was 23.6 \uffc2\uffb1 0.9 \uffce\uffbcg CH4-C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921, significantly lower than that in the controls. P-addition however, significantly increased CH4 uptake by 24% (38.8 \uffc2\uffb1 1.3 \uffce\uffbcg CH4-C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921), whereas NP-addition (33.6 \uffc2\uffb1 1.0 \uffce\uffbcg CH4-C m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 h\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was not statistically different from the control. Our results suggest that increased P availability may enhance soil mathanotrophic activity and root growth, resulting in potentially mitigating the inhibitive effect of N deposition on CH4 uptake in tropical forests.                     </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-2805-2011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-8-2805-2011", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-8-2805-2011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-8-2805-2011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-8-353-2011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-02-14", "title": "Free Atmospheric Co2 Enrichment Increased Above Ground Biomass But Did Not Affect Symbiotic N-2-Fixation And Soil Carbon Dynamics In A Mixed Deciduous Stand In Wales", "description": "<p>Abstract. Through increases in net primary production (NPP), elevated CO2 is hypothesized to increase the amount of plant litter entering the soil. The fate of this extra carbon on the forest floor or in mineral soil is currently not clear. Moreover, increased rates of NPP can be maintained only if forests can escape nitrogen limitation. In a Free atmospheric CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiment near Bangor, Wales, 4 ambient and 4 elevated [CO2] plots were planted with patches of Betula pendula, Alnus glutinosa and Fagus sylvatica on a former arable field. After 4 years, biomass averaged for the 3 species was 5497 (se 270) g m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 in ambient and 6450 (se 130) g m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 in elevated [CO2] plots, a significant increase of 17% (P = 0.018). During that time, only a shallow L forest floor litter layer had formed due to intensive bioturbation. Total soil C and N contents increased irrespective of treatment and species as a result of afforestation. We could not detect an additional C sink in the soil, nor were soil C stabilization processes affected by elevated [CO2]. We observed a decrease of leaf N content in Betula and Alnus under elevated [CO2], while the soil C/N ratio decreased regardless of CO2 treatment. The ratio of N taken up from the soil and by N2-fixation in Alnus was not affected by elevated [CO2]. We infer that increased nitrogen use efficiency is the mechanism by which increased NPP is sustained under elevated [CO2] at this site.                     </p>", "keywords": ["rotation poplar plantation", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "elevated co2", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "dinitrogen fixation", "mineral soil", "natural n-15 abundance", "face", "Geology", "alnus-glutinosa", "15. Life on land", "pine forest", "01 natural sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "nitrogen-use efficiency", "organic-matter", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-353-2011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-8-353-2011", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-8-353-2011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-8-353-2011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-8-3581-2011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-12-08", "title": "The Significance Of Nitrous Oxide Emission Due To Cropping Of Grain For Biofuel Production: A Swedish Perspective", "description": "<p>Abstract. The current regulations governing production of biofuels in the European Union require that they have to mitigate climate change, by producing &gt;35% less greenhouse gases (GHG) than fossil fuels. There is a risk that this may not be achievable, since land use for crop production inevitably emits the potent GHG nitrous oxide (N2O), due to nitrogen fertilisation and cycling in the environment. We analyse first-generation biofuel production on agricultural land and conclude that efficient agricultural crop production resulting in a good harvest and low N2O emission can fulfil the EU standard, and is possible under certain conditions for the Swedish agricultural and bioethanol production systems. However, in years having low crop yields, and where cropping is on organic soils, total GHG emissions per unit of fuel produced can be even higher than those released by burning of fossil fuels. In general, the N2O emission size in Sweden and elsewhere in northern Europe is such that there is a &gt;50% chance that the 35% saving requirement will not be met. Thus ecosystem N2O emissions have to be convincingly assessed. Here we compare Swedish emission data with values estimated by means of statistical models and by a global, top-down, approach; the measurements and the predictions often show higher values that would fail to meet the EU standard and thus prevent biofuel production development.                     </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "\u00c5. Kasimir Klemedtsson, Keith Smith,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-3581-2011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-8-3581-2011", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-8-3581-2011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-8-3581-2011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-9-2247-2012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-22", "title": "Effects of elevated CO2 and N fertilization on plant and soil carbon pools of managed grasslands: a meta-analysis", "description": "<p>Abstract. Elevated atmospheric CO2 levels and increasing nitrogen deposition both stimulate plant production in terrestrial ecosystems. Moreover, nitrogen deposition could alleviate an increasing nitrogen limitation experienced by plants exposed to elevated CO2 concentrations. However, an increased rate of C flux through the soil compartment as a consequence of elevated CO2 concentrations has been suggested to limit C sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems, questioning the potential for terrestrial C uptake to mitigate increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Our study used data from 77 published studies applying elevated CO2 and/or N fertilization treatment to monitor carbon storage potential in grasslands, and considered the influence of management practices involving biomass removal or irrigation on the elevated CO2 effects. Our results confirmed a positive effect of elevated CO2 levels and nitrogen fertilization on plant growth, but revealed that N availability is essential for the increased C influx under elevated CO2 to propagate into belowground C pools. However, moderate nutrient additions also promoted decomposition processes in elevated CO2, reducing the potential for increased soil C storage. An important role was attributed to the CO2 response of root biomass in soil carbon responses to elevated CO2, since there was a lower potential for increases in soil C content when root biomass increased. Future elevated CO2 concentrations and increasing N deposition might thus increase C storage in plant biomass, but the potential for increased soil C storage is limited.                     </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Physics", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Ecology; Multidisciplinary Geosciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Chemistry", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Biology", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2247-2012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-9-2247-2012", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-9-2247-2012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-9-2247-2012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-06-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bg-9-839-2012,2012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-02-22", "description": "<p>Abstract. Model and field studies generally posit that when the application rates of nitrogen fertilizer exceed crop needs, nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions will increase nonlinearly, though linear responses are also extensively reported by field studies. We conducted year-round measurements of crop yield, N2O and methane (CH4) fluxes for treatments of six fertilizer nitrogen levels (0, 135, 270, 430, 650 and 850 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 in the form of urea) in a typical irrigated wheat-maize rotation field in northern China. Linear models characterized the responses of cumulative N2O emissions to fertilizer rates well; therefore, the calculated N2O emission factors of 0.17 \uffc2\uffb1 0.02%, 0.73 \uffc2\uffb1 0.05% and 0.49 \uffc2\uffb1 0.02% for the wheat season, maize season and annual scale, respectively, were appropriate for the different fertilizer rates. The cumulative CH4 uptake by the soil tended to be enhanced at higher fertilizer rates (\uffe2\uff89\uffa5350 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) in the maize season whereas no effect was observed for the wheat season. When the annual fertilizer rates increased from 270 to 430, from 270 to 650, and from 270 to 850 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921, the crop yields increased only 3 \uffe2\uff88\uffbc 15% (0.5 \uffe2\uff88\uffbc 2.1 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), but cumulative N2O emissions increased 35 \uffe2\uff88\uffbc 115% (0.9 \uffe2\uff88\uffbc 3.0 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). We recommend 270 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 as the locally optimum fertilizer rate. Considering the nitrogen inputs by fertilization (270 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), irrigation (4.3 \uffc2\uffb1 0.2 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and deposition (wet deposition: 30.5 \uffc2\uffb1 1.5 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), the slightly positive soil nitrogen balance could maintain the current crop yield (\uffe2\uff88\uffbc13.8 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and reduce the present high N2O emissions (&gt;3.51 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) of the local farmers' practice (fertilizer rate &gt; 430 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921).                     </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Geology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-839-2012,2012"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bg-9-839-2012,2012", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bg-9-839-2012,2012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bg-9-839-2012,2012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-09-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/bgd-11-1413-2014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:23Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-01-22", "description": "<p>Abstract. Leguminous tree plantations at phosphorus (P) limited sites may result in higher rates of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, however, the effects of nitrogen (N) and P applications on soil N2O emissions from plantations with N-fixing vs. non-N-fixing tree species has rarely been studied in the field. We conducted an experimental manipulation of N and P additions in two tropical plantations with Acacia auriculiformis (AA) and Eucalyptus urophylla (EU) tree species in South China. The objective was to determine the effects of N- or P-addition alone, as well as NP application together on soil N2O emissions from tropical plantations with N-fixing vs. non-N-fixing tree species. We found that the average N2O emission from control was greater in AA (2.26 \uffc2\uffb1 0.06 kg N2O-N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) than in EU plantation (1.87 \uffc2\uffb1 0.05 kg N2O-N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921). For the AA plantation, N-addition stimulated the N2O emission from soil while P-addition did not. Applications of N with P together significantly decreased N2O emission compared to N-addition alone, especially in high level treatment plots (decreased by 18%). In the EU plantation, N2O emissions significantly decreased in P-addition plots compared with the controls, however, N- and NP-additions did not. The differing response of N2O emissions to N- or P-addition was attributed to the higher initial soil N status in the AA than that of the EU plantation, due to symbiotic N fixation in the former. Our results suggest that atmospheric N deposition potentially stimulates N2O emissions from leguminous tree plantations in the tropics, whereas P fertilization has the potential to mitigate N deposition-induced N2O emissions from such plantations.                         </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Geology", "14. Life underwater", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/bgd-11-1413-2014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/bgd-11-1413-2014", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/bgd-11-1413-2014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/bgd-11-1413-2014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-2024-1092", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-19", "title": "Mechanisms of soil organic carbon and nitrogen stabilization in mineral associated organic matter \u2013 Insights from modelling in phase space", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Understanding the mechanisms of plant-derived carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) transformation and stabilization in soil is fundamental for predicting soil capacity to mitigate climate change and support other soil functions. The decomposition of plant residues and particulate organic matter (POM) contributes to the formation of mineral associated (on average more stable) organic matter (MAOM) in soil. MAOM is formed from the binding of dissolved organic matter (ex vivo pathway) or microbial necromass and bioproducts (in vivo pathway) to minerals and metal colloids. Which of these two soil organic matter (SOM) stabilization pathways is more important and under which conditions remains an open question. To address this question, we propose a novel diagnostic model to describe C and N dynamics in MAOM as a function of the dynamics of residues and POM decomposition. Focusing on relations among soil compartments (i.e., modelling in phase space) rather than time trajectories allows isolating the fundamental processes underlying stabilization. Using this diagnostic model in combination with a database of ~ 40 studies in which residue C and N were tracked into POM and MAOM, we found that MAOM is predominantly fuelled by necromass produced by microbes decomposing residues and POM\u2014the so-called \u2018in vivo\u2019 pathway of stabilization. The relevance of the in vivo pathway is higher in clayey soils, but lower in C rich soils and with N poor added residues. Overall, our novel modelling in phase space proved to be a sound diagnostic tool for the mechanistic investigation of soil C dynamics and supported the current understanding of the critical role of both microbial transformation and mineral capacity for the stabilization of C in mineral soils.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "QH540-549.5"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Stefano Manzoni, M. Francesca Cotrufo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1092"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-2024-1092", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-2024-1092", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1092"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-2024-1994", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-08-15", "title": "Eddy covariance fluxes of CO2, CH4 and N2O on a drained peatland forest after clearcutting", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Even-aged forestry based on clearcut harvesting, planting, and one to three thinnings is currently the dominant management approach in Fennoscandia. However, our understanding of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions following clearcutting remains limited, particularly on drained peatland forests. In this study, we report eddy covariance-based (EC) net emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from a boreal fertile drained peatland forest one year after the harvest. Our results show that on annual scale, the site was a net CO2 source. The CO2 emissions dominate the total annual GHG balance (23.3 t CO2-eq ha-1 a-1, 82.5 % of the total), while the role of N2O emissions (4.8 t CO2-eq ha-1 a-1, 17.1 %) was also significant. The site was a weak CH4 source (0.1 t CO2-eq ha-1 a-1, 0.4 %). A statistical model was developed to estimate surface-type-specific CH4 and N2O emissions. The model was based on air temperature and fraction of specific surface-types within the EC flux footprint. The surface-types were classified using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) spectral imaging and machine learning. Based on the statistical models, the highest surface-type specific CH4 emissions occurred from plant-covered ditches and exposed peat, while the surfaces dominated by living trees, dead wood, and litter along with plant-covered ditches were the main contributors to N2O emissions. Our study provides new insights into how CH4 and N2O fluxes are affected by surface-type variation across clearcutting areas in boreal forested peatlands. Our findings highlight the need for integrating surface-type-specific flux modelling, EC-based data, and chamber-based flux measurements to comprehend the GHG emissions following clearcutting. Results strengthen the accumulated evidence that recently clearcut peatland forests are significant GHG sources.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["QE1-996.5", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "11. Sustainability", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "QH540-549.5", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1994"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-2024-1994", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-2024-1994", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1994"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/egusphere-2024-348", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-24T16:22:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-12", "title": "When and why microbial-explicit soil organic carbon models can be unstable", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Microbial-explicit soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling models are increasingly recognized for their advantages over linear models in describing SOC dynamics. These models are known to exhibit oscillations, but it is not clear when they yield stable vs. unstable equilibrium points (EPs) \u2013 i.e. EPs that exist analytically, but are not stable to small perturbations and cannot be reached by transient simulations. Occurrence of such unstable EPs can lead to unexpected model behaviour in transient simulations or unrealistic predictions of steady state soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Here we ask when and why unstable EPs can occur in an archetypal microbial-explicit model (representing SOC, dissolved OC [DOC], microbial biomass, and extracellular enzymes) and some simplified versions of it. Further, if a model formulation allows for physically meaningful but unstable EPs, can we find constraints in the model parameters (i.e. environmental conditions and microbial traits) that ensure stability of the EPs? We use analytical, numerical and descriptive tools to answer these questions. We found that instability can occur when the resupply of a growth substrate (DOC) is (via a positive feedback loop) dependent on its abundance. We identified a conservative, sufficient condition on model parameters to ensure stability of EPs. Interactive effects of environmental conditions and parameters describing microbial physiology point to the relevance of basic ecological principles for avoidance of unrealistic (i.e. unstable) simulation outcomes. These insights can help to improve applicability of microbial-explicit models, aid our understanding of the dynamics of these models and highlight the relation between mathematical requirements and (in silico) microbial ecology.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "QE1-996.5", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-348"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/egusphere-2024-348", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/egusphere-2024-348", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/egusphere-2024-348"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.11850/659602", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-24T16:26:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-01-22", "title": "Seasonal particulate organic carbon dynamics of the Kolyma River tributaries, Siberia", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Arctic warming is causing permafrost thaw and release of organic carbon (OC) to fluvial systems. Permafrost-derived OC can be transported downstream and degraded into greenhouse gases that may enhance climate warming. Susceptibility of OC to decomposition depends largely upon its source and composition, which vary throughout the seasonally distinct hydrograph. Most studies on carbon dynamics to date have focused on larger Arctic rivers, yet little is known about carbon cycling in lower-order rivers and streams. Here, we characterize the composition and sources of OC, focusing on less studied particulate OC (POC), in smaller waterways within the Kolyma River watershed. Additionally, we examine how watershed characteristics control carbon concentrations. In lower-order systems, we find rapid initiation of primary production in response to warm water temperatures during spring freshet, shown by decreasing \u03b413C-POC, in contrast to larger rivers. This results in CO2 uptake by primary producers and microbial degradation of mainly autochthonous OC. However, if terrestrially derived inorganic carbon is assimilated by primary producers, part of it is returned via CO2 emissions if the autochthonous OC pool is simultaneously degraded. As Arctic warming and hydrologic changes may increase OC transfer from smaller waterways to larger river networks, understanding carbon dynamics in smaller waterways is crucial.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "QE1-996.5", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "QH540-549.5", "permafrost"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.11850/659602"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.11850/659602", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.11850/659602", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.11850/659602"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1871.1/541c8054-8655-47b0-83f4-0210a7f88c62", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-24T16:26:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-01-05", "title": "Geographically divergent trends in snow disappearance timing and fire ignitions across boreal North America", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. The snow cover extent across the Northern Hemisphere has diminished, while the number of lightning ignitions and amount of burned area have increased over the last 5\u00a0decades with accelerated warming. However, the effects of earlier snow disappearance on fire are largely unknown. Here, we assessed the influence of snow disappearance timing on fire ignitions across 16 ecoregions of boreal North America. We found spatially divergent trends in earlier (later) snow disappearance, which led to an increasing (decreasing) number of ignitions for the northwestern (southeastern) ecoregions between 1980 and 2019. Similar northwest\u2013southeast divergent trends were observed in the changing length of the snow-free season and correspondingly the fire season length. We observed increases (decreases) over northwestern (southeastern) boreal North America which coincided with a continental dipole in air temperature changes between 2001 and 2019. Earlier snow disappearance induced earlier ignitions of between 0.22 and 1.43\u2009d earlier per day of earlier snow disappearance in all ecoregions between 2001 and 2019. Early-season ignitions (defined by the 20\u2009% earliest fire ignitions per year) developed into significantly larger fires in 8 out of 16 ecoregions, being on average 77\u2009% larger across the whole domain. Using a piecewise structural equation model, we found that earlier snow disappearance is a good direct proxy for earlier ignitions but may also result in a cascade of effects from earlier desiccation of fuels and favorable weather conditions that lead to earlier ignitions. This indicates that snow disappearance timing is an important trigger of land\u2013atmosphere dynamics. Future warming and consequent changes in snow disappearance timing may contribute to further increases in western boreal fires, while it remains unclear how the number and timing of fire ignitions in eastern boreal North America may change with climate change.</p></article>", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "QE1-996.5", "03 medical and health sciences", "Ecology", "Life", "13. Climate action", "QH501-531", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "QH540-549.5", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://bg.copernicus.org/articles/21/109/2024/bg-21-109-2024.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1871.1/541c8054-8655-47b0-83f4-0210a7f88c62"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeosciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1871.1/541c8054-8655-47b0-83f4-0210a7f88c62", "name": "item", "description": "1871.1/541c8054-8655-47b0-83f4-0210a7f88c62", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1871.1/541c8054-8655-47b0-83f4-0210a7f88c62"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-05T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=QH501-531&offset=50&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=QH501-531&offset=50&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=QH501-531&offset=0", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=QH501-531&offset=100", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 119, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-06-25T08:15:31.344056Z"}