Large areas in the tropics receive elevated atmospheric nutrient inputs. Presently, little is known on how nitrogen (N) cycling in tropical montane forest soils will respond to such increased nutrient inputs. We assessed how gross rates of mineral N production (N mineralization and nitrification) and microbial N retention (NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 immobilization and dissimilatory NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 reduction to NH4+ [DNRA]) change with elevated N and phosphorus (P) inputs in montane forest soils at 1000\uffe2\uff80\uff90, 2000\uffe2\uff80\uff90, and 3000\uffe2\uff80\uff90m elevations in south Ecuador. At each elevation, four replicate plots (20 \uffc3\uff97 20 m each) of control, N (added at 50 kg N\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), P (added at 10 kg P\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffc2\uffb7yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921), and combined N + P additions have been established since 2008. We measured gross N cycling rates in 2010 and 2011, using 15N pool dilution techniques with in situ incubation of intact soil cores taken from the top 5 cm of soil. In control plots, gross soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90N cycling rates decreased with increase in elevation, and microbial N retention was tightly coupled with mineral N production. At 1000 m and 2000 m, four\uffe2\uff80\uff90year N and combined N + P additions increased gross mineral N production but decreased NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 immobilization and DNRA compared to the control. At 3000 m, four\uffe2\uff80\uff90year N and combined N + P additions increased gross N mineralization rates and decreased DNRA compared to the control; although NH4+ and NO3\uffe2\uff88\uff92 immobilization in the N and N + P plots were not different from the control, these were lower than their respective mineral N production. At all elevations, decreased microbial N retention was accompanied by decreased microbial biomass C and C:N ratio. P addition did not affect any of the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90N cycling processes. Our results signified that four years of N addition, at a rate expected to occur at these sites, uncoupled the soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90N cycling processes, as indicated by decreased microbial N retention. This fast response of soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90N cycling processes across elevations implies that greater attention should be paid to the biological implications on montane forests of such uncoupled soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90N cycling.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Altitude", "Phosphorus", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Forests", "Nitrogen Cycle", "15. Life on land", "dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium; gross N mineralization; gross nitrification; microbial N immobilization;nitrogen and phosphorus additions; nutrient manipulation experiment; tropical Andes ;tropical montane forests", "Random Allocation", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Ecuador", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/14-0295.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/14-0295.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/14-0295.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/14-0295.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0204597", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:20:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": 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\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0632.", "keywords": ["Agricultural Irrigation", "Ecosystem respiration", "Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Random Allocation", "Soil", "Soil water", "Paddy field", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Primary production", "Ecology", "Respiration", "Q", "R", "Life Sciences", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Crop Production", "6. Clean water", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "Seasons", "Research Article", "Science", "Soil Science", "Environmental science", "12. Responsible consumption", "Greenhouse Gases", "Fertilizers", "Irrigation", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Ecosystem", "Soil science", "Conservation of Water Resources", "Soil Fertility", "Global Forest Drought Response and Climate Change", "Botany", "Water", "Oryza", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Agronomy", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204597"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0204597", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0204597", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0204597"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1890/07-1601.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-08-06", "title": "Habitat Type Determines Herbivory Controls Over Co2 Fluxes In A Warmer Arctic", "description": "High-latitude ecosystems store large amounts of carbon (C); however, the C storage of these ecosystems is under threat from both climate warming and increased levels of herbivory. In this study we examined the combined role of herbivores and climate warming as drivers of CO2 fluxes in two typical high-latitude habitats (mesic heath and wet meadow). We hypothesized that both herbivory and climate warming would reduce the C sink strength of Arctic tundra through their combined effects on plant biomass and gross ecosystem photosynthesis and on decomposition rates and the abiotic environment. To test this hypothesis we employed experimental warming (via International Tundra Experiment [ITEX] chambers) and grazing (via captive Barnacle Geese) in a three-year factorial field experiment. Ecosystem CO2 fluxes (net ecosystem exchange of CO2, ecosystem respiration, and gross ecosystem photosynthesis) were measured in all treatments at varying intensity over the three growing seasons to capture the impact of the treatments on a range of temporal scales (diurnal, seasonal, and interannual). Grazing and warming treatments had markedly different effects on CO2 fluxes in the two tundra habitats. Grazing caused a strong reduction in CO2 assimilation in the wet meadow, while warming reduced CO2 efflux from the mesic heath. Treatment effects on net ecosystem exchange largely derived from the modification of gross ecosystem photosynthesis rather than ecosystem respiration. In this study we have demonstrated that on the habitat scale, grazing by geese is a strong driver of net ecosystem exchange of CO2, with the potential to reduce the CO2 sink strength of Arctic ecosystems. Our results highlight that the large reduction in plant biomass due to goose grazing in the Arctic noted in several studies can alter the C balance of wet tundra ecosystems. We conclude that herbivory will modulate direct climate warming responses of Arctic tundra with implications for the ecosystem C balance; however, the magnitude and direction of the response will be habitat-specific.", "keywords": ["Greenhouse Effect", "0106 biological sciences", "Barnacle Goose", "herbivory", "Arctic Regions", "Temperature", "Branta leucopsis", "Feeding Behavior", "Carbon Dioxide", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Random Allocation", "Arctic", "climate change", "vegetation", "13. Climate action", "Geese", "Animals", "carbon fluxes", "Ecosystem"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Sjogersten, Sofie, Van der Wal, Rene, Woodin, Sarah J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1890/07-1601.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1890/07-1601.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1890/07-1601.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1890/07-1601.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2134/jeq2005.0047", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:21:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-08", "title": "In Situ Measurements Of Nitrate Leaching Implicate Poor Nitrogen And Irrigation Management On Sandy Soils", "description": "ABSTRACTMinimizing the risk of nitrate contamination along the waterways of the U.S. Great Plains is essential to continued irrigated corn production and quality water supplies. The objectives of this study were to quantify nitrate (NO3) leaching for irrigated sandy soils (Pratt loamy fine sand [sandy, mixed, mesic Lamellic Haplustalfs]) and to evaluate the effects of N fertilizer and irrigation management strategies on NO3 leaching in irrigated corn. Two irrigation schedules (1.0\uffc3\uff97 and 1.25\uffc3\uff97 optimum) were combined with six N fertilizer treatments broadcast as NH4NO3 (kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921): 300 and 250 applied pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant; 250 applied pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant and sidedress; 185 applied pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant and sidedress; 125 applied pre\uffe2\uff80\uff90plant and sidedress; and 0. Porous\uffe2\uff80\uff90cup tensiometers and solution samplers were installed in each of the four highest N treatments. Soil solution samples were collected during the 2001 and 2002 growing seasons. Maximum corn grain yield was achieved with 125 or 185 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, regardless of the irrigation schedule (IS). The 1.25\uffc3\uff97 IS exacerbated the amount of NO3 leached below the 152\uffe2\uff80\uff90cm depth in the preplant N treatments, with a mean of 146 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the 250 and 300 kg N preplant applications compared with 12 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the same N treatments and 1.0\uffc3\uff97 IS. With 185 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, the 1.25\uffc3\uff97 IS treatment resulted in 74 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 leached compared with 10 kg N ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for the 1.0\uffc3\uff97 IS. Appropriate irrigation scheduling and N fertilizer rates are essential to improving N management practices on these sandy soils.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Nitrates", "Nitrogen", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Kansas", "15. Life on land", "Silicon Dioxide", "Plant Roots", "Zea mays", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Random Allocation", "Soil", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Gary A. Clark, John P. Schmidt, Loyd R. Stone, Alan J. Schlegel, Ronald J. Gehl,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2005.0047"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Quality", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2134/jeq2005.0047", "name": "item", "description": "10.2134/jeq2005.0047", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2134/jeq2005.0047"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2527/jas.2009-1786", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-06-20", "title": "Effect Of Sward Dry Matter Digestibility On Methane Production, Ruminal Fermentation, And Microbial Populations Of Zero-Grazed Beef Cattle", "description": "Increasing the digestibility of pasture for grazing ruminants has been proposed as a low-cost practical means of reducing ruminant CH(4) emissions. At high feed intake levels, the proportion of energy lost as CH(4) decreases as the digestibility of the diet increases. Therefore, improving forage digestibility may improve productivity as DM and energy intake are increased. A zero-grazing experiment was conducted to determine the effect of sward DM digestibility (DMD) on DMI, CH(4) emissions, and indices of rumen fermentation of beef animals. Twelve Charolais-cross heifers were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments, with 6 heifers per dietary treatment. Additionally, 4 cannulated Aberdeen Angus-cross steers were randomly allocated to each of these 2 treatments in a crossover design. Dietary treatments consisted of swards managed to produce (i) high digestibility pasture (high DMD) or (ii) pasture with less digestibility (low DMD), both offered for ad libitum intake. All animals were zero-grazed and offered freshly cut herbage twice daily. In vitro DMD values for the high and low DMD swards were 816 and 706 g/kg of DM. Heifers offered the high DMD grass had greater (P < 0.001) daily DMI of 7.66 kg compared with 5.38 kg for those offered the low DMD grass. Heifers offered the high DMD grass had greater (P = 0.003) daily CH(4) production (193 g of CH(4)/d) than those offered the low DMD grass (138 g of CH(4)/d). However, when corrected for DMI, digestible DMI, or ingested gross energy, there was no difference (P > 0.05) in CH(4) production between dietary treatments. For cannulated steers, intake tended (P = 0.06) to be greater for the high DMD grass (5.56 vs. 4.27 kg of DM/d), but rumen protozoa (4.95 x 10(4)/mL; P = 0.62); rumen ammonia (34 mg of N/L; P = 0.24); rumen total VFA (103 mM; P = 0.58), and rumen pH (6.8; P = 0.43) did not differ between treatments. There was no difference in total bacteria numbers, relative expression of the mcrA gene, and numbers of cycles to threshold for fungi when determined using quantitative PCR between dietary treatments with mean values of 73.0 ng/microL, 0.958, and 21.75 C(T), respectively. Results of this study demonstrate that there was no difference in CH(4) production when corrected for intake or rumen fermentation variables of beef cattle offered a high or low digestibility sward.", "keywords": ["DNA", " Bacterial", "Male", "2. Zero hunger", "Rumen", "0402 animal and dairy science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Fatty Acids", " Volatile", "Polymerase Chain Reaction", "Random Allocation", "Ammonia", "RNA", " Ribosomal", " 16S", "Lolium", "Animals", "Cattle", "Digestion", "Female", "Least-Squares Analysis", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2009-1786"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Animal%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2527/jas.2009-1786", "name": "item", "description": "10.2527/jas.2009-1786", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2527/jas.2009-1786"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2527/2004.8261839x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-09", "description": "The effects of alpha-cyclodextrin-horseradish oil complex (CD-HR) on methane production and ruminal fermentation were studied in vitro and in steers. In the in vitro study, diluted ruminal fluid (30 mL) was incubated anaerobically at 38 degrees C for 6 h with or without CD-HR, using cornstarch as substrate. The CD-HR was added at various concentrations (0, 0.17, 0.85 and 1.7 g/L). Treatment affected neither the pH of the medium nor the number of protozoa. Total VFA increased in a linear manner (P = 0.02), and NH3-N decreased quadratically (P = 0.04) as the concentration of CD-HR increased from 0.17 g/L to 1.7 g/L. Molar proportions of acetate decreased in a linear manner (P = 0.03), and propionate increased linearly (P = 0.008) with increasing concentrations of CD-HR. Production of methane was inhibited up to 90%, whereas accumulation of dihydrogen was increased 36-fold by 1.7 g/L of CD-HR supplementation relative to controls. The effect of CD-HR on methane production, ruminal fermentation and microbes, and digestibility was further investigated in vivo using four Holstein steers in a crossover design. The CD-HR supplement was mixed into the concentrate portion of a (1.5:1) Sudangrass hay plus concentrate mixture that was fed twice daily to the steers. Ruminal samples were collected 0, 2, and 5 h after the morning feeding. No effects of CD-HR supplementation on ruminal pH (P = 0.63) or protozoal numbers (P = 0.44) were observed. Molar proportion of acetate was decreased (P = 0.04) and propionate was increased (P = 0.005) by CD-HR treatment. Molar proportion of butyrate was increased (P = 0.05) in CD-HR-supplemented steers. Ruminal NH3-N was decreased (P = 0.05) by treatment. Blood plasma glucose concentration was increased (P = 0.02) and urea-N was decreased (P = 0.04) with CD-HR supplementation. Daily DMI was decreased (P = 0.04), and apparent digestibility of DM (P = 0.13), NDF (P = 0.14), and CP tended (P = 0.14) to be increased by treatment. Methane production was decreased (P = 0.03) by 19%, and the number of methanogens was also decreased (P = 0.03). Although N retention (P = 0.11), total viable bacteria (P = 0.15), and sulfate-reducing bacteria (P = 0.17) were not significantly altered by treatment, tendencies for increases were noted with CD-HR supplementation. The number of cellulolytic (P = 0.38) and acetogenic bacteria (P = 0.32) remained unchanged by treatment. These results indicate that CD-HR supplementation can be used to decrease methane production in steers.", "keywords": ["Male", "Cyclodextrins", "Wasabia", "Cross-Over Studies", "Rumen", "Dose-Response Relationship", " Drug", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Eukaryota", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "In Vitro Techniques", "Fatty Acids", " Volatile", "6. Clean water", "Bacteria", " Anaerobic", "Random Allocation", "Fermentation", "Animals", "Plant Oils", "Cattle", "Digestion", "Energy Intake", "Methane"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Z. A. Lila, N. Ajisaka, K. Hara, Koji Hara, Nazimuddin Mohammed, S. Kanda, K. Mikuni, H. Itabashi,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2527/2004.8261839x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Animal%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2527/2004.8261839x", "name": "item", "description": "10.2527/2004.8261839x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2527/2004.8261839x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2527/jas.2008-1026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:08Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-22", "title": "Effect Of Dl-Malic Acid Supplementation On Feed Intake, Methane Emission, And Rumen Fermentation In Beef Cattle", "description": "The objective of this study was to determine the effect of dietary concentration of dl-malic acid (MA) on DMI, CH(4) emission, and rumen fermentation in beef cattle. Two Latin square experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, six beef heifers (19 +/- 1 mo old) were assigned in a duplicated Latin square to 1 of 3 dietary concentrations of MA on a DMI basis (0%, MA-0; 3.75%, MA-3.75; or 7.5%, MA-7.5) over 3 periods. In Exp. 2, four rumen-fistulated steers (48 +/- 1 mo old) were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary concentrations of MA (0%, MA-0; 2.5%, MA-2.5; 5.0%, MA-5.0; or 7.5%, MA-7.5) on a DMI basis, over 4 periods. Both experimental diets consisted of grass silage and pelleted concentrate (containing MA). Silage was fed ad libitum once daily (a.m.), whereas concentrate was fed twice daily (a.m. and p.m.) with the aim of achieving a total DMI of 40:60 silage:concentrate. In both Exp. 1 and 2, experimental periods consisted of 28 d, incorporating a 13-d acclimatization, a 5-d measurement period, and a 10-d washout period. In Exp. 1, enteric CH(4), feed apparent digestibility, and feed intake were measured over the 5-d measurement period. In Exp. 2, rumen fluid was collected on d 16 to 18, immediately before (a.m.) feeding and 2, 4, 6, and 8 h thereafter. Rumen pH was determined and samples were taken for protozoa count, VFA, and ammonia analysis. Enteric CH(4) emissions were estimated by using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique and feed apparent digestibility was estimated by using chromic oxide as an external marker for fecal output. In Exp. 1, increasing dietary MA led to a linear decrease in total DMI (P < 0.001) and total daily CH(4) emissions (P < 0.001). Compared with the control diet, the greatest concentration of MA decreased total daily CH(4) emissions by 16%, which corresponded to a 9% reduction per unit of DMI. Similarly, in Exp. 2, inclusion of MA reduced DMI in a linear (P = 0.002) and quadratic (P < 0.001) fashion. Increasing dietary MA led to a linear decrease in molar proportion of acetic (P = 0.004) and butyric acids (P < 0.001) and an increase in propionic acid (P < 0.001). Ruminal pH tended to increase (P = 0.10) with increasing dietary MA. Dietary inclusion of MA led to a linear (P = 0.01) decrease in protozoa numbers. Increasing supplementation with MA decreased CH(4) emissions, but DMI was also decreased, which could have potentially negative effects on animal performance.", "keywords": ["Male", "2. Zero hunger", "Rumen", "Time Factors", "Malates", "0402 animal and dairy science", "Eukaryota", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Eating", "Random Allocation", "Dietary Supplements", "Fermentation", "Animals", "Cattle", "Digestion", "Female", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Animal%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2527/jas.2008-1026", "name": "item", "description": "10.2527/jas.2008-1026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2527/jas.2008-1026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3168/jds.2010-3281", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:22:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-21", "title": "Nitrate And Sulfate: Effective Alternative Hydrogen Sinks For Mitigation Of Ruminal Methane Production In Sheep", "description": "Twenty male crossbred Texel lambs were used in a 2 \u00d7 2 factorial design experiment to assess the effect of dietary addition of nitrate (2.6% of dry matter) and sulfate (2.6% of dry matter) on enteric methane emissions, rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations, rumen microbial composition, and the occurrence of methemoglobinemia. Lambs were gradually introduced to nitrate and sulfate in a corn silage-based diet over a period of 4 wk, and methane production was subsequently determined in respiration chambers. Diets were given at 95% of the lowest ad libitum intake observed within one block in the week before methane yield was measured to ensure equal feed intake of animals between treatments. All diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous. Methane production decreased with both supplements (nitrate: -32%, sulfate: -16%, and nitrate+sulfate: -47% relative to control). The decrease in methane production due to nitrate feeding was most pronounced in the period immediately after feeding, whereas the decrease in methane yield due to sulfate feeding was observed during the entire day. Methane-suppressing effects of nitrate and sulfate were independent and additive. The highest methemoglobin value observed in the blood of the nitrate-fed animals was 7% of hemoglobin. When nitrate was fed in combination with sulfate, methemoglobin remained below the detection limit of 2% of hemoglobin. Dietary nitrate decreased heat production (-7%), whereas supplementation with sulfate increased heat production (+3%). Feeding nitrate or sulfate had no effects on volatile fatty acid concentrations in rumen fluid samples taken 24h after feeding, except for the molar proportion of branched-chain volatile fatty acids, which was higher when sulfate was fed and lower when nitrate was fed, but not different when both products were included in the diet. The total number of rumen bacteria increased as a result of sulfate inclusion in the diet. The number of methanogens was reduced when nitrate was fed. Enhanced levels of sulfate in the diet increased the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria. The number of protozoa was not affected by nitrate or sulfate addition. Supplementation of a diet with nitrate and sulfate is an effective means for mitigating enteric methane emissions from sheep.", "keywords": ["Male", "Rumen", "reduction", "in-vitro", "nitrogen", "Random Allocation", "fumaric-acid", "Animals", "Intestinal Mucosa", "real-time pcr", "2. Zero hunger", "rumen", "Nitrates", "Sheep", "Sulfates", "emissions", "0402 animal and dairy science", "methanogenesis", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "Fatty Acids", " Volatile", "Diet", "Agricultural Land Management", "cattle", "Dietary Supplements", "Fermentation", "Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena", "feed-intake", "Methemoglobinemia", "Methane"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3281"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Dairy%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3168/jds.2010-3281", "name": "item", "description": "10.3168/jds.2010-3281", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3168/jds.2010-3281"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Random+Allocation&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Random+Allocation&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "first", "title": "items (first)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Random+Allocation&", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "last", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (last)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Random+Allocation&offset=10", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 10, "numberReturned": 10, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T07:29:39.563786Z"}