{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-06-21", "title": "The Effect Of Pasture Utilization Rate On Stocks Of Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen In A Semi-Arid Tropical Grassland", "description": "The influence of grazing management on total soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (TN) in tropical grasslands is an issue of considerable ecological and economic interest. Here we have used linear mixed models to investigate the effect of grazing management on stocks of SOC and TN in the top 0.5 m of the soil profile. The study site was a long-term pasture utilization experiment, 26 years after the experiment was established for sheep grazing on native Mitchell grass (Astrebla spp.) pasture in northern Australia. The pasture utilization rates were between 0% (exclosure) and 80%, assessed visually. We found that a significant amount of TN had been lost from the top 0.1 m of the soil profile as a result of grazing, with 80% pasture utilization resulting in a loss of 84 kg ha\u22121 over the 26-year period. There was no significant effect of pasture utilization rate on TN when greater soil depths were considered. There was no significant effect of pasture utilization rate on stocks of SOC and soil particulate organic carbon (POC), or the C:N ratio at any depth; however, visual trends in the data suggested some agreement with the literature, whereby increased grazing pressure appeared to: (i) decrease SOC and POC stocks; and, (ii) increase the C:N ratio. Overall, the statistical power of the study was limited, and future research would benefit from a more comprehensive sampling scheme. Previous studies at the site have found that a pasture utilization rate of 30% is sustainable for grazing production on Mitchell grass; however, given our results, we conclude that N inputs (possibly through management of native N2-fixing pasture legumes) should be made for long-term maintenance of soil health, and pasture productivity, within this ecosystem.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil nitrogen", "Pasture utilization", "Tropical grassland", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "630", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soils. Soil science", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science", "Grazing management", "1103 Animal Science and Zoology", "Rangelands. Range management. Grazing", "2303 Ecology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2014.05.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1006/jare.1998.0475", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-10-07", "title": "Effects Of Livestock Grazing On Physical And Chemical Properties Of Sandy Soils In Sahelian Rangelands", "description": "The effects of grazing by livestock on soil surface features, bulk density and chemical properties were studied at the completion of a 4-year grazing experiment carried out in SadoreH, Niger. Grazing treatments were a factorial arrangement of two stocking rates (62\u00b75 and 125 kg live weight ha~1) and four sheep:goat ratios (0:6, 2:4, 4:2 and 6:0 animals per pasture), with two pastures per treatment and two ungrazed controls. Observations were also made in a fallow subjected to 9 years of intense and uncontrolled mixed grazing, and in a site that had been protected from grazing for 15 years. The topsoil was sampled (at depths of 0\u20132, 2\u20136, 6\u201314 and 14\u201330 cm) below shrub canopy in herbaceous vegetation and in bare soil patches within each of 20 paddocks for determination of pH, organic C, and total N and P concentrations. Soil bulk density was measured in a subset of soil profiles. The areal extent of different types of soil crusts and other soil surface features was assessed in one-half of the paddocks. Grazing resulted in a reduction (p(0\u00b701) and fragmentation of the area of crusted soils. However, this trend was partially compensated for by an increase of newly formed crusts. As a result, the soil infiltration index slightly increased with moderate grazing, but decreased at higher stocking rates. Compaction due to trampling was observed in the topsoil beneath the shrub canopy and also in vegetated patches, but only under intense grazing pressure. Soil bulk density was not affected by grazing except for an increase observed below 10 cm depth at the understorey of shrubs which is therefore unlikely due to trampling. When compared to the ungrazed control, pH, organic C and N concentrations, and to lesser extent P concentration, decreased after 4 years of grazing. Soil P and pH further decreased after 9 years of very high grazing pressure. However, neither N nor organic C decreased further.", "keywords": ["Technology", "570", "Economics", "PH", "630", "PROPRIETE CHIMIQUE", "AZOTE", "sandy soils", "grazing", "2. Zero hunger", "DENSITE", "SURFACE DU SOL", "MATIERE ORGANIQUE", "PATURAGE", "PHOSPHORE", "Production", "ETUDE D'IMPACT", "Agriculture-Farming", "CYCLE D'ELEMENT", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "GRANULOMETRIE", "rangelands", "CARBONE ORGANIQUE", "livestock", "soil chemical properties", "BILAN HYDROLOGIQUE", "soil physical properties", "ETUDE EXPERIMENTALE", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil types", "CROUTE D'ALTERATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1998.0475"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1006/jare.1998.0475", "name": "item", "description": "10.1006/jare.1998.0475", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1006/jare.1998.0475"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-27", "title": "Carbon Sequestration Potential Of Parkland Agroforestry In The Sahel", "description": "Abstract           <p>Establishing parkland agroforestry on currently treeless cropland in the West African Sahel may help mitigate climate change. To evaluate its potential, we used climatically suitable ranges for parklands for 19 climate scenarios, derived by ecological niche modeling, for estimating potential carbon stocks in parkland and treeless cropland. A biocarbon business model was used to evaluate profitability of hypothetical Terrestrial Carbon Projects (TCPs), across a range of farm sizes, farm numbers, carbon prices and benefit sharing mechanisms. Using climate analogues, we explored potential climate change trajectories for selected locations. If mature parklands covered their maximum range, carbon stocks in Sahelian productive land would be about 1,284\uffc2\uffa0Tg, compared to 725\uffc2\uffa0Tg in a treeless scenario. Due to slow increase rates of total system carbon by 0.4\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 a\uffe2\uff88\uff921, most TCPs at carbon prices that seem realistic today were not feasible, or required the participation of large numbers of farmers. For small farms, few TCP scenarios were feasible, and low Net Present Values for farmers made it unlikely that carbon payments would motivate many to participate in TCPs, unless additional benefits were provided. Climate analogue locations indicated an uncertain climate trajectory for the Sahel, but most scenarios projected increasing aridity and reduced suitability for parklands. The potentially severe impacts of climate change on Sahelian ecosystems and the uncertain profitability of TCPs make the Sahel highly risky for carbon investments. Given the likelihood of degrading environmental conditions, the search for appropriate adaptation strategies should take precedence over promoting mitigation activities.</p>", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Carbon accounting", "Atmospheric Science", "Adaptation to Climate Change in Agriculture", "Economics", "Profitability index", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "agroforestry", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Climate change mitigation", "Range (aeronautics)", "Rangeland Degradation", "Natural resource economics", "Soil water", "11. Sustainability", "Rangeland Degradation and Pastoral Livelihoods", "Carbon fibers", "Climate change", "Business", "agriculture", "2. Zero hunger", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Life Sciences", "Composite number", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Soil carbon", "Physical Sciences", "Composite material", "Atmospheric carbon cycle", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "Greenhouse gas", "Environmental science", "Global Forest Transition", "Agroforestry", "climate", "Biology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Soil science", "15. Life on land", "carbon sequestration", "Materials science", "Carbon dioxide", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Drivers and Impacts of Tropical Deforestation", "Finance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Climatic%20Change", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10584-012-0438-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-03-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11273-014-9393-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-02", "title": "Grazing Intensity Levels Influence C Reservoirs Of Wet And Mesic Meadows Along A Precipitation Gradient In Northern Patagonia", "description": "Wet meadows are important ecosystems for forage production and as carbon reservoirs in semi-arid areas. In Patagonia, Argentina, large areas of wet meadows have been classified as overgrazed by livestock. The objective of this study was to determine whether long-term overgrazing has affected carbon (C) storage in plant and soil pools in wet and mesic meadows. The study occurred in Northern Patagonia, in three study sites located along a precipitation gradient. Our results indicate that long-term overgrazing reduced, on average, 35\u00a0% of the total ecosystem C pool. There was significantly lower aboveground and belowground plant production in heavily grazed compared to lightly grazed sites, 419\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0262\u00a0\u2013\u00a0128\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0110\u00a0g\u00a0m2\u00a0year\u22121 and 3796\u00a0\u00b1\u00a02622\u00a0\u2013\u00a01702\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01012\u00a0g\u00a0m2\u00a0year\u22121, respectively. Soil C concentrations were also less in heavily grazed sites (184\u00a0\u00b1\u00a098\u00a0\u2013\u00a0105\u00a0\u00b1\u00a058\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121 at 1\u00a0m depth, respectively). The response of meadows to long-term heavy grazing also appears to be influenced by different levels of precipitation, with sites in drier areas being apparently more susceptible to overgrazing. Our results indicate that new management and restoration practices are needed to stop and reverse meadow deterioration in degraded meadows of Northern Patagonia.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Overgrazing", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Rangeland Degradation", "13. Climate action", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "Carbon Storage Systems", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Patagonian Wetlands", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "Patagonian Meadows"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Enriquez, Andrea Soledad, Chimner, Rodney A., Cremona, Victoria, Diehl, Paula, Bonvissuto, Griselda Luz,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11273-014-9393-z"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Wetlands%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11273-014-9393-z", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11273-014-9393-z", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11273-014-9393-z"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.catena.2011.06.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-08-06", "title": "Land Restoration By Fodder Shrubs In A Semi-Arid Agro-Pastoral Area Of Morocco. Effects On Soils", "description": "Abstract   The present study assesses the effects of  Atriplex nummularia  Lindl. growth on soil chemical properties in a semi-arid area. The area is located in the Marrakech province (Morocco), in a degraded agropastoral region subjected to soil restoration actions based on fodder shrub plantations.  Three plantations of different age (1995, 2000, 2001), conducted in three different sites, were investigated. In each site, three plots with different degree of plant development (Good, Medium, Poor), were chosen. Three under-canopy (Uc) and three between-plants (Bp) minipits were sampled (0\u201310\u00a0cm and 10\u201320\u00a0cm) and analysed in each plot, for a total number of 54 minipits. Statistic analysis was carried out to check the significance of the observed Uc\u2013Bp average differences.  A significant increase under canopy was observed in soil Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR; +\u00a0139%) and OC (+\u00a032%) in the top layer (0\u201310\u00a0cm). The overall effects of the plantations on soil quality are discussed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Desertification", " Land Restoration", " Rangeland", " Atriplex nummularia", " Organic carbon", " Alkalinity", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2011.06.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/CATENA", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.catena.2011.06.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.catena.2011.06.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.catena.2011.06.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.eja.2004.08.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-16", "title": "Nitrogen And Phosphorus Fertilization Of Rangelands Affects Yield, Forage Quality And The Botanical Composition", "description": "Abstract   Nitrogen fertilization of rangelands in order to increase dry matter yield results in a decrease in legume ratios in botanical composition, which reduces forage quality. The objectives of the present study therefore were to investigate whether this negative effect of N fertilization on forage quality can be compensated by additional P application and also to determine the optimum fertilizer doses in rangelands to obtain economical benefits. Therefore, 0, 60, 120, 180\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 and 0, 26, 52\u00a0kg P\u00a0ha\u22121 fertilizer rates were applied each year over a period of 3 years to 12 plots within each of 4 blocks. Botanical composition of the plots was determined and classified as grass, legumes and others for each treatment group based on dry weights. Dry matter yield, crude protein concentration and crude protein yield in treatment groups for each year were determined.  Consequently, averaged over the 3 years of experimental period, nitrogen fertilizer increased the dry matter yield. The dry matter yield was 1467\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 in control plot, while it increased up to 3293\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 in plot applied with 180\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 without P. Nitrogen fertilization slightly decreased the crude protein concentration in the forage dry matter from 120\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121 in the non-fertilized control to 103\u2013116\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121 in the plots fertilized only with nitrogen. This effect can be explained by the observation that the nitrogen fertilization resulted in a decline of the legume proportion from 47% in the non-fertilized control to 5% with the highest N rate. The protein concentration in legume plants was always considerably higher than that in the grass and other species. Applying additional phosphorus compensated this negative effect of the nitrogen fertilization on the forage quality in terms of protein concentration. The economic optimum was found with the highest fertilizer doses providing 52\u00a0kg P\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0+\u00a0180\u00a0kg N\u00a0ha\u22121 producing 4810\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 forage dry matter with a crude protein concentration of 124\u00a0g\u00a0kg\u22121 and legume proportion of 12%.", "keywords": ["botanical composition", "economic benefits", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "N and P fertilization", "quality", "crude protein", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "rangeland"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Aydin, I, Uzun, F,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2004.08.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Journal%20of%20Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.eja.2004.08.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.eja.2004.08.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.eja.2004.08.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-11-03", "title": "Soil Carbon Stock In The Tropical Rangelands Of Australia: Effects Of Soil Type And Grazing Pressure, And Determination Of Sampling Requirement", "description": "On-going, high-profile public debate about climate change has focussed attention on how to monitor the soil organic carbon stock (C(s)) of rangelands (savannas). Unfortunately, optimal sampling of the rangelands for baseline C(s) - the critical first step towards efficient monitoring - has received relatively little attention to date. Moreover, in the rangelands of tropical Australia relatively little is known about how C(s) is influenced by the practice of cattle grazing. To address these issues we used linear mixed models to: (i) unravel how grazing pressure (over a 12-year period) and soil type have affected C(s) and the stable carbon isotope ratio of soil organic carbon (delta(13)C) (a measure of the relative contributions of C(3) and C(4) vegetation to C(s)); (ii) examine the spatial covariation of C(s) and delta(13)C; and, (iii) explore the amount of soil sampling required to adequately determine baseline C(s). Modelling was done in the context of the material coordinate system for the soil profile, therefore the depths reported, while conventional, are only nominal. Linear mixed models revealed that soil type and grazing pressure interacted to influence C(s) to a depth of 0.3 m in the profile. At a depth of 0.5 m there was no effect of grazing on C(s), but the soil type effect on C(s) was significant. Soil type influenced delta(13)C to a soil depth of 0.5 m but there was no effect of grazing at any depth examined. The linear mixed model also revealed the strong negative correlation of C(s) with delta(13)C, particularly to a depth of 0.1 m in the soil profile. This suggested that increased C(s) at the study site was associated with increased input of C from C(3) trees and shrubs relative to the C(4) perennial grasses; as the latter form the bulk of the cattle diet, we contend that C sequestration may be negatively correlated with forage production. Our baseline C(s) sampling recommendation for cattle-grazing properties of the tropical rangelands of Australia is to: (i) divide the property into units of apparently uniform soil type and grazing management; (ii) use stratified simple random sampling to spread at least 25 soil sampling locations about each unit, with at least two samples collected per stratum. This will be adequate to accurately estimate baseline mean C(s) to within 20% of the true mean, to a nominal depth of 0.3 m in the profile.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Residual Maximum-Likelihood", "Bulk-Density", "550", "Agriculture and the environment", "Depth Functions", "Sequestration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Vegetation Change", "Minimization", "Organic-Carbon", "Soil and crops. Soil-plant relationships. Soil productivity", "13. Climate action", "Savanna", "Rangelands", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon stock", "Residual maximum likelihood (REML)", "Geostatistics", "Variability", "Sampling", "Rangelands. Range management. Grazing", "1111 Soil Science", "Model"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2011.09.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.02.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-03-07", "title": "Changes In Soil Nutrients, Vegetation Structure And Herbaceous Biomass In Response To Grazing In A Semi-Arid Savanna Of Ethiopia", "description": "The effect of grazing was studied on vegetation structure, herbaceous biomass, basal and bare ground covers, together with soil nutrient concentrations in two locations in an Ethiopian semi-arid savanna. The lightly grazed sites had significantly higher herbaceous diversity, total abundance, basal cover and aboveground biomass, and a lower percentage of bare ground compared with the heavy grazed sites. Grazing pressure had no effect on the density and number of woody species as well as on the proportion of encroaching woody species. The light grazing sites had higher organic carbon, phosphorus and exchangeable bases, and therefore a higher pH and higher electrical conductance, indicating an improved soil nutrient status compared with heavy grazing sites, mainly attributed to the higher basal cover and standing biomass at light grazed sites, and the export of nutrients through grazing and dung collection from the heavily grazed sites. There were significantly higher soil nutrients, species diversity, aboveground biomass and basal cover in the light grazing sites compared with heavy grazing sites. We concluded that changes in herbaceous vegetation, standing biomass and soil compositions are caused by interactions between grazing, soil and vegetation, and these interactions determine the transitions of semi-arid savannas.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "long-term", "middle awash valley", "south-africa", "grasslands", "african savanna", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "rangelands", "redistribution", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineralization", "phosphorus"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.02.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.02.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.02.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2011.02.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-12", "title": "Rangeland Management Effects On Soil Properties In The Savanna Biome, South Africa: A Case Study Along Grazing Gradients In Communal And Commercial Farms", "description": "Although the savanna biome of South Africa is a major resource for rangeland management, little is known about how differences in rangeland management systems affect soil properties in such biomes. Near to Kuruman, commercial farms have practiced rotational grazing for decades. In communal areas of former homeland Bophuthatswana, similar strategies were used prior to 1994. Nowadays, a continuous grazing system is common. We hypothesized that these changes in management affected soil properties. To test this, we sampled soils at communal and commercial land along a gradient with increasing distance to water points. The results revealed that communal systems with continuous grazing showed enlarged spatial gradients. The soils were depleted in most nutrients close to the water relative to those of commercial systems. In contrast, as the distance to the water increased, the nutrient stocks of these communal systems were higher. Changes in soil nutrient stocks were related to a zone of increased bush encroachment (up to 25%). Specific analyses (phosphorus fractions, particulate organic carbon, \u03b413C) confirmed that the soils of the communal grazing systems benefited from the shift of grass-dominated to bush-dominated system with woody Acacia vegetation, while the rangeland degraded in the sense that it lost palatable grass species.", "keywords": ["Continuous grazing", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Rotational grazing", "Soil organic carbon", "Isotopic composition", "Rangeland management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Plant nutrients", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Bush encroachment", "Phosphorus fractions"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2015.04.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-04-19", "title": "The value of manure - Manure as co-product in life cycle assessment", "description": "Livestock production is important for food security, nutrition, and landscape maintenance, but it is associated with several environmental impacts. To assess the risk and benefits arising from livestock production, transparent and robust indicators are required, such as those offered by life cycle assessment. A central question in such approaches is how environmental burden is allocated to livestock products and to manure that is re-used for agricultural production. To incentivize sustainable use of manure, it should be considered as a co-product as long as it is not disposed of, or wasted, or applied in excess of crop nutrient needs, in which case it should be treated as a waste. This paper proposes a theoretical approach to define nutrient requirements based on nutrient response curves to economic and physical optima and a pragmatic approach based on crop nutrient yield adjusted for nutrient losses to atmosphere and water. Allocation of environmental burden to manure and other livestock products is then based on the nutrient value from manure for crop production using the price of fertilizer nutrients. We illustrate and discuss the proposed method with two case studies.", "keywords": ["[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "assessment", "resource", "01 natural sciences", "630", "nitrogen", "Fertilizer", "allocation", "life cycle", "manures", "Feeds and feeding. Animal nutrition", "farmyard manure", "Housing and environmental control", "2. Zero hunger", "ta412", "Agriculture and the environment", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "fertilizer", "Crop Production", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Livestock supply chains", "green manures", "Fertilisers", "performance", "energy", "Livestock", "330", "fertilizers", "Allocation", "ta1172", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "333", "Article", "soil", "12. Responsible consumption", "nutrient use", "Life cycle assessment", "life cycle assessment", "livestock supply chains", "nutrients", "Animals", "livestock production", "alocation", "Fertilizers", "Rangelands. Range management. Grazing", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "carbon", "use efficiency", "food security", "Nutrients", "15. Life on land", "livestock", "Manure", "13. Climate action", "manure", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "protein"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Environmental%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.059"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2004gb002219", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-11-30", "title": "Weathering Controls On Mechanisms Of Carbon Storage In Grassland Soils", "description": "<p>On a sequence of soils developed under similar vegetation, temperature, and precipitation conditions, but with variations in mineralogical properties, we use organic carbon and 14C inventories to examine mineral protection of soil organic carbon. In these soils, 14C data indicate that the creation of slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling carbon can be modeled as occurring through reaction of organic ligands with Al3+ and Fe3+ cations in the upper horizons, followed by sorption to amorphous inorganic Al compounds at depth. Only one of these processes, the chelation of Al3+ and Fe3+ by organic ligands, is linked to large carbon stocks. Organic ligands stabilized by this process traverse the soil column as dissolved organic carbon (both from surface horizons and root exudates). At our moist grassland site, this chelation and transport process is very strongly correlated with the storage and long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term stabilization of soil organic carbon. Our 14C results show that the mechanisms of organic carbon transport and storage at this site follow a classic model previously believed to only be significant in a single soil order (Spodosols), and closely related to the presence of forests. The presence of this process in the grassland Alfisol, Inceptisol, and Mollisol soils of this chronosequence suggests that this process is a more significant control on organic carbon storage than previously thought.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Weathering", "Storage", "Transport", "Precipitation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Plants", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Stabilization", "Carbon", "13. Climate action", "Cations", "Soils", "Rangelands", "Sorption", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "54 Environmental Sciences", "Inventories", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt4287x5sj/qt4287x5sj.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gb002219"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2004gb002219", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2004gb002219", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2004gb002219"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr14236", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-09-11", "title": "Managing Cattle Grazing Intensity: Effects On Soil Organic Matter And Soil Nitrogen", "description": "<p>Extensive cattle grazing is the dominant land use in northern Australia. It has been suggested that grazing intensity and rainfall have profound effects on the dynamics of soil nutrients in northern Australia\uffe2\uff80\uff99s semi-arid rangelands. Previous studies have found positive, neutral and negative effects of grazing pressure on soil nutrients. These inconsistencies could be due to short-term experiments that do not capture the slow dynamics of some soil nutrients and the effects of interannual variability in rainfall. In a long-term cattle grazing trial in northern Australia on Brown Sodosol\uffe2\uff80\uff93Yellow Kandosol complex, we analysed soil organic matter and mineral nitrogen in surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm depth) 11, 12 and 16 years after trial establishment on experimental plots representing moderate stocking (stocked at the long-term carrying capacity for the region) and heavy stocking (stocked at twice the long-term carrying capacity). Higher soil organic matter was found under heavy stocking, although grazing treatment had little effect on mineral and total soil nitrogen. Interannual variability had a large effect on soil mineral nitrogen, but not on soil organic matter, suggesting that soil nitrogen levels observed in this soil complex may be affected by other indirect pathways, such as climate. The effect of interannual variability in rainfall and the effects of other soil types need to be explored further.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil and crops. Soil-plant relationships. Soil productivity", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Cattle", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil conservation and protection", "Rangelands. Range management. Grazing"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr14236"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr14236", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr14236", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr14236"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-21", "title": "Plant-soil interactions in response to grazing intensity in a semi-arid ecosystem from NE Spain", "description": "Livestock grazing is an important element in ecosystem regulation since it may affect essential ecosystem functions, such as nutrient acquisition, organic matter decomposition, or litter accumulation in the soil. Overgrazing can threaten the conservation of ecosystems through excessive defoliation of plants or trampling. On the contrary, moderate grazing can have benefits on ecosystem dynamics by favoring nutrient cycling or the soil microbial activity. The aim of this study was to analyze these effects in a semi-arid Mediterranean shrubland located in NE Spain. We established six study sites including three grazing intensities, where we sampled vegetation biomass and soil properties: nitrogen content, microbial biomass, water infiltration capacity, porosity, and gypsum content. These parameters were included in a plant-soil interaction model tested through Structural Equation Modeling. Grazing had a direct negative effect on plant biomass (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and water infiltration capacity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) affecting soil nitrogen content (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and microbial biomass (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.5), respectively. Infiltration capacity and porosity were primary drivers of plant biomass (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, both cases), and plant biomass was the main contributor to the soil nitrogen pool. Microbial biomass was dependent on infiltration capacity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), porosity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and nitrogen (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Grazing directly or indirectly affected the functioning of the ecosystem through effects on plant and soil attributes, which may result in changes in plant growth, litter decomposition, or plant nutrient acquisition. This study revealed that moderate grazing can maintain optimal ecosystem features and prevent ecosystem degradation.", "keywords": ["plant-soil feedbacks", "2. Zero hunger", "Plant biomass", "porosity", "microbial biomass", "Plant-soil feedbacks", "soil fertility", "Microbial biomass", "Infiltration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Protect", " restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems", " sustainably manage forests", " combat\u00a0desertification", " and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss", "rangelands", "13. Climate action", "Rangelands", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/15", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Porosity", "plant biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arid%20Land%20Research%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901", "name": "item", "description": "10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1365-2745.14136", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:19:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-08", "title": "Drought intensity alters productivity, carbon allocation and plant nitrogen uptake in fast versus slow grassland communities", "description": "Abstract<p>   <p>Grasslands face more frequent and extreme droughts; yet, their responses to increasing drought intensity are poorly understood. Increasing drought intensity likely triggers abrupt shifts (thresholds) in grassland ecosystem functioning which can implicate recovery trajectories.</p>  <p>Here, we determined how drought intensity affects plant productivity, and plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. We exposed model grassland plant communities with contrasting resource acquisition strategies (a fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90 vs a slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy plant community), to a gradient of drought intensity. The drought gradient ranged from well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered to severely water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited conditions. We identified thresholds of plant community productivity (above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass) at peak drought and 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89months after re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting, and measured net ecosystem exchange and ecosystem respiration of C\uffc2\uffa0throughout the drought and recovery phases. At peak drought and 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89week after re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting, we traced recently acquired C from plants to the soil and into microbial biomass and fatty acids using 13C pulse labelling, and measured plant and soil N.</p>  <p>At peak drought, slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy plant communities were more drought resistant than fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy communities, as the threshold in plant productivity occurred at a higher drought intensity for the slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90 than the fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy community. Shortly after re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting, microbial uptake of recent plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90assimilated C increased with increasing past drought intensity, coinciding with an increase in soil N availability and leaf N. Threshold responses to drought intensity at peak drought translated into non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear recovery responses, with greater compensatory growth in the fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy community. At peak drought, increasing drought intensity reduced C uptake and increased relative C partitioning to leaves and microbial biomass. Upon re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting, plant community strategy mediated drought intensity effects on plant and soil C and N dynamics and plant recovery trajectories. The fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy community recovered quickly, with higher leaf N than the slow community, while the slow community increased C allocation to microbial biomass.</p>  <p>Synthesis. Our findings highlight that C and N dynamics in the plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil system display non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear responses to increasing drought intensity both during and after drought, which has implications for plant community recovery trajectories.</p>  </p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "BACTERIAL", "EXTRACTION", "CHALLENGES", "STRATEGIES", "drought resistance", "grasslands", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "MEDITERRANEAN RANGELAND", "SOIL", "RECENTLY PHOTOSYNTHESIZED CARBON", "THRESHOLDS", "drought intensity gradient", "FUNCTIONAL TRAITS", "13. Climate action", "carbon allocation", "drought recovery", "ECONOMICS SPECTRUM", "resource acquisition strategy", "13C pulse labelling"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2745.14136"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14136"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2745.14136", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2745.14136", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2745.14136"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14839", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:19:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-13", "title": "Multiple trade-offs regulate the effects of woody plant removal on biodiversity and ecosystem functions in global rangelands", "description": "Abstract<p>Woody plant encroachment is a major land management issue. Woody removal often aims to restore the original grassy ecosystem, but few studies have assessed the role of woody removal on ecosystem functions and biodiversity at global scales. We collected data from 140 global studies and evaluated how different woody plant removal methods affected biodiversity (plant and animal diversity) and ecosystem functions (plant production, hydrological function, soil carbon) across global rangelands. Our results indicate that the impact of removal is strongly context dependent, varying with the specific response variable, removal method, and traits of the target species. Over all treatments, woody plant removal increased grass biomass and total groundstorey diversity. Physical and chemical removal methods increased grass biomass and total groundstorey biomass (i.e., non\uffe2\uff80\uff90woody plants, including grass biomass), but burning reduced animal diversity. The impact of different treatment methods declined with time since removal, particularly for total groundstorey biomass. Removing pyramid\uffe2\uff80\uff90shaped woody plants increased total groundstorey biomass and hydrological function but reduced total groundstorey diversity. Environmental context (e.g., aridity and soil texture) indirectly controlled the effect of removal on biomass and biodiversity by influencing plant traits such as plant shape, allelopathic, or roots types. Our study demonstrates that a one\uffe2\uff80\uff90size\uffe2\uff80\uff90fits\uffe2\uff80\uff90all approach to woody plant removal is not appropriate, and that consideration of woody plant identity, removal method, and environmental context is critical for optimizing removal outcomes. Applying this knowledge is fundamental for maintaining diverse and functional rangeland ecosystems as we move toward a drier and more variable climate.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Rangeland management", "Biodiversity", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Wood", "01 natural sciences", "Encroachment", "", "Removal method", "raits", "Woody plant traits", "Shrub removal", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Meta\u2010analysis", "Animals", "Thickening", "Biomass", "Global synthesis", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14839"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.14839", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.14839", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.14839"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/science.abq4062", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:19:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-24", "title": "Grazing and ecosystem service delivery in global drylands", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Grazing represents the most extensive use of land worldwide. Yet its impacts on ecosystem services remain uncertain because pervasive interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil properties, and biodiversity may occur but have never been addressed simultaneously. Using a standardized survey at 98 sites across six continents, we show that interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil, and biodiversity are critical to explain the delivery of fundamental ecosystem services across drylands worldwide. Increasing grazing pressure reduced ecosystem service delivery in warmer and species-poor drylands, whereas positive effects of grazing were observed in colder and species-rich areas. Considering interactions between grazing and local abiotic and biotic factors is key for understanding the fate of dryland ecosystems under climate change and increasing human pressure.</p></article>", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "570", "Ecosystem services (ES)", "Livestock", "Climate", "Climate Change", "Wild", "630", "Dryland", "Soil", "SDG-02: Zero hunger", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Climate change", "Humans", "Ecosystem services", "grazing", "Herbivory", "14. Life underwater", "climate", "Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Biologie", "Ecosystem", "biodiversity", "SDG-15: Life on land", "2. Zero hunger", "Systems", "Drylands", "Qu\u00edmica", "Biodiversity", "15. Life on land", "Grazing", "13. Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "ddc:570", "ecosystem services", "Rangeland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abq4062"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/science.abq4062", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/science.abq4062", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/science.abq4062"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s13570-014-0018-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:20:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-24", "title": "Control Of Bush Encroachment In Borana Zone Of Southern Ethiopia: Effects Of Different Control Techniques On Rangeland Vegetation And Tick Populations", "description": "Open AccessA study on effects of bush encroachment control techniques on rangeland productivity and tick population dynamics was conducted in Arero district of Borana zone, southern Ethiopia, for three consecutive years. The study targeted two main and dominant encroaching bush species in Borana rangeland, Acacia drepanolobium and Acacia mellifera, and their effects on some vegetation attributes and tick population dynamics. A hectare of rangeland encroached by these two acacia species was replicated/divided into three plots, and each plot was subdivided into five sub-plots to receive five treatments: cutting at 0.5 m above ground and pouring kerosene on stumps (T1), cutting at 0.5 m above ground and debarking the stumps down into the soil surface (T2), cutting at 0.5 m above ground alone (T3), cutting at 0.5 m above ground and dissecting the stumps (T4) and control (T5). Data on basal and litter covers, soil erosion and compaction, dead and re-sprouted encroaching tree/shrub species and nymph- and adult-stage tick populations were collected before and after treatment applications. The applied treatments significantly influenced (p < 0.05) basal cover, nymph- and adult-stage tick population and the two encroaching tree species. The results of this study showed that T3 and T2 were good in controlling A. drepanolobium in that order. T4 and T2 had a significant effect in controlling A. mellifera in their order. Controlling bush encroachment had also a positive effect in eradicating the tick population. The most dominant grass and non-grass species observed after the control actions were Cenchrus ciliaris, Chrysopogon aucheri, Abutilon hirtum, Pennisetum mezianum, Dyschoriste hildebrandtii, Zaleya pentandra and Eragrostis papposa. Therefore, controlling encroaching tree/shrub species had created a conducive grazing area with palatable herbaceous species for the livestock and unequivocally reduced tick population which play a role in reducing cattle milk production through closing off teats. The management of bush encroachment, if sustained, will contribute in stabilizing rangelands and help minimize the negative effects of feed and food crises in the future.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Population", "Lantana", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "01 natural sciences", "Basal area", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Rangeland Degradation", "Sociology", "Agroforestry Systems and Biodiversity Enhancement", "Rangeland Degradation and Pastoral Livelihoods", "Pathology", "Agroforestry", "Biology", "Demography", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Life Sciences", "Forestry", "Factors Affecting Sagebrush Ecosystems and Wildlife Conservation", "15. Life on land", "Agronomy", "6. Clean water", "FOS: Sociology", "Shrub", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "Rangeland", "Vegetation (pathology)", "Tick"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Bikila Negasa, Bedasa Eba, Samuel Tuffa, Barecha Bayissa, Jaldesa Doyo, N. Van Husen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-014-0018-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pastoralism", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s13570-014-0018-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s13570-014-0018-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s13570-014-0018-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1371/journal.pone.0109063", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:20:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-10-14", "title": "Managing Semi-Arid Rangelands For Carbon Storage: Grazing And Woody Encroachment Effects On Soil Carbon And Nitrogen", "description": "Open AccessHigh grazing intensity and wide-spread woody encroachment may strongly alter soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools. However, the direction and quantity of these changes have rarely been quantified in East African savanna ecosystem. As shifts in soil C and N pools might further potentially influence climate change mitigation, we quantified and compared soil organic carbon (SOC) and total soil nitrogen (TSN) content in enclosures and communal grazing lands across varying woody cover i.e. woody encroachment levels. Estimated mean SOC and TSN stocks at 0-40 cm depth varied across grazing regimes and among woody encroachment levels. The open grazing land at the heavily encroached site on sandy loam soil contained the least SOC (30 \u00b1 2.1 Mg ha-1) and TSN (5 \u00b1 0.57 Mg ha-1) while the enclosure at the least encroached site on sandy clay soil had the greatest mean SOC (81.0 \u00b1 10.6 Mg ha-1) and TSN (9.2 \u00b1 1.48 Mg ha-1). Soil OC and TSN did not differ with grazing exclusion at heavily encroached sites, but were twice as high inside enclosure compared to open grazing soils at low encroached sites. Mean SOC and TSN in soils of 0-20 cm depth were up to 120% higher than that of the 21-40 cm soil layer. Soil OC was positively related to TSN, cation exchange capacity (CEC), but negatively related to sand content. Our results show that soil OC and TSN stocks are affected by grazing, but the magnitude is largely influenced by woody encroachment and soil texture. We suggest that improving the herbaceous layer cover through a reduction in grazing and woody encroachment restriction are the key strategies for reducing SOC and TSN losses and, hence, for climate change mitigation in semi-arid rangelands.", "keywords": ["Cation-exchange capacity", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "Agricultural and Biological Sciences", "Soil", "Biodiversity Conservation and Ecosystem Management", "Soil water", "Rangeland Degradation and Pastoral Livelihoods", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "Q", "R", "Life Sciences", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Wood", "Soil carbon", "Droughts", "Grazing", "climate change", "Physical Sciences", "Medicine", "Rangeland", "Research Article", "Conservation of Natural Resources", "Nitrogen", "Science", "Plant Development", "Soil Science", "Management", " Monitoring", " Policy and Law", "Environmental science", "soil", "savannas", "Animals", "grazing", "Agroforestry", "Woody plant", "Soil Carbon Sequestration", "Biology", "Ecosystem", "Nature and Landscape Conservation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "ecosystem", "Soil science", "Soil Fertility", "carbon", "Research Subject Categories::NATURAL SCIENCES", "Feeding Behavior", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Loam", "Agronomy", "13. Climate action", "FOS: Biological sciences", "Environmental Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Carbon Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling in Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0109063"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/PLOS%20ONE", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1371/journal.pone.0109063", "name": "item", "description": "10.1371/journal.pone.0109063", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1371/journal.pone.0109063"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-10-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.2136/sssaj2003.1195", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:05Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-27", "description": "In the Brazilian savanna, there is a risk that soil fertility of pastures declines to a level below that of the native savanna because of low fertilizer application. To evaluate biophysical pasture sustainability we compared regularly fertilized productive pasture (PP), degraded pasture fertilized 13 yr previously (DP), and native savanna (Cerrado, CE) in an on-farm experiment. We determined (i) biomass productivity of the pastures and (ii) nutrient concentrations in Anionic Acrustoxes from three plots under each of CE, DP, and PP. From the 0- to 2-m soil layer, we sampled solid phase in January 1998 and soil solution during two rainy seasons (1997-1998 and 1998-1999). The mean aboveground biomass production (dry weight) was 2.1 Mg ha -1  yr -4  for DP and 4.1 Mg ha -1  yr -1  for PP. In the solid phase of the 0- to 0.15-m layer, mean total N and S and exchangeable Ca and Mg concentrations increased in the order CE < DP < PP, while NaHCO 3 -extractable P was not significantly different among CE, DP, and PP. In the soil solution at 0.15-m depth, pH and concentrations of Ca and Mg also increased in the order CE < DP < PP. At the 2-m depth, only K, Mn, and NO 3 -N concentrations in soil solution were slightly higher under the pastures than under CE indicating an increased risk of leaching losses to below the rooting zone. Thus, topsoil fertility in both pastures is increased compared with CE, and little leaching occurs. Some fertility indicators in DP are still improved compared with CE 13 yr after a single fertilization.", "keywords": ["productividad", "2. Zero hunger", "productivity", "soil fertility", "tierras de pastos", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "fertilidad del suelo", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "rangelands", "pastures", "savannas", "soil exhaustion", "pastizales", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "agotamiento del suelo", "sabanas", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lilienfein, J, Wilcke, W., Vilela, L, Ayarza, Miguel Angel, Carmo Lima, S. do, Zech, W.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://ciat-library.ciat.cgiar.org/articulos_ciat/lilienfein2003.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.1195"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science%20Society%20of%20America%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.2136/sssaj2003.1195", "name": "item", "description": "10.2136/sssaj2003.1195", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.2136/sssaj2003.1195"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.c2fqz6175", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:22:27Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Plant composition of northern temperate pastures and their disturbance history in Alberta, Canada", "description": "unspecifiedMethods copied from our accepted manuscript:\u00a0Pyle, Lysandra A.,  Hall, Linda, and Bork, Edward W. (In Press). Northern temperate pastures  exhibit divergent plant community responses to management and disturbance  legacies identified through a producer survey. <em>Applied  Vegetation Science</em>. <b>1.\u00a0 Study  location</b> We surveyed 102 pastures during 2012 (n=44) and 2013 (n=58)  between May 24 and July 6, distributed across agricultural lands within 80  km of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.\u00a0 About half the pastures were in the  Central Parkland (n=50), with the remainder in the Dry Mixedwood (n=50)  and Central Mixedwood (n=2) subregions.\u00a0A large and well-distributed  sample size ensured wide variation in soil textures, seeded and non-seeded  vegetation, and management actions. Pastures were selected using a  stratified random approach, separated by at least 800 m. Pastures were  identified through consultation with municipal county staff, then driving  roadsides to confirm suitable fields visually. Pastures had to accommodate  a 260 m long transect (minimum of 4 ha) with buffer zones from wetlands  (30 m), forests and fence lines (10 m), with larger pastures given  preference.\u00a0Acquisition of sites was constrained by landowners\u2019  willingness to grant permission to their land, although refusals were  uncommon (n &lt; 10). A privacy agreement with landowners prohibits us  from releasing the locations of pastures.  <strong>2. Producer management and disturbance  history</strong> \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Pasture management  and disturbance history were acquired for all 102 pastures through a  retrospective, in-person interview.\u00a0Interviews were approved by the  University of Alberta\u2019s Research Ethics Board (ID: Pro0030842). Interviews  identified historical and current land-use practices and natural  disturbances potentially influencing soil and vegetation. Managers were  initially asked about ownership and whether the pasture had been  previously cultivated. If cultivated, managers estimated when it was  planted (grassland age) and how (seeding history was described in Pyle,  Hall, &amp; Bork, 2018); cultivation status could also be classified  as unknown (attributed to land-turnover or rented pasture). Recent  management actions were summarized, including grazing history (grazing  system, timing of grazing, number of animals, type of livestock,  supplemental feeding with hay), mechanical treatments (aerated, harrowed,  or swathed/mowed), nutrient addition (fertilizer or manure), or herbicide  application. Livestock stocking rates [in animal-unit-months per ha (AUM  ha<sup>-1</sup>)] were calculated for pastures (n=80) where  adequate information on grazing activities was obtained (see Pyle, Hall,  &amp; Bork, 2018), where one AUM is the forage required to support a  mature cow (with or without a calf) for one month. Other natural  disturbances capable of influencing vegetation, such as a known history of  recent fire, were recorded. All management actions and disturbance factors  are described in Appendix S1 (<em>Applied Vegetation  Science</em> manuscript). <strong>3.  Plant cover, ground cover, and soil properties</strong>  \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Following the interview, a grassland assessment was  conducted. To begin sampling, a random point was located from which a 260  m long \u2018W-transect\u2019 was laid out (Thomas, 1985). Plant composition and  ground cover were assessed at nine equidistant locations using a 0.25  m<sup>2</sup> quadrat. Foliar cover was estimated for each  plant species, with trace species recorded as 0.1%. Plants were identified  (Moss &amp; Packer, 1983) and nomenclature updated using VASCAN  (Brouillet et al., 2018). Plant species were later grouped into major  cover components by origin (total native, total introduced) and growth  form [forbs, graminoids (grasses, sedges, rushes)], as well as functional  groups such as introduced grasses (seeded or widely naturalized),  introduced legumes (seeded or widely naturalized), introduced ruderal  forbs (agronomic weeds), noxious weeds [defined by the <i>Weed  Control Act </i>(Province of Alberta, 2010)], native perennial  graminoids, native perennial forbs, native ruderal forbs, and native woody  plants. These functional groups are related to rangeland health, which  evaluates key forages, along with unpalatable and disturbance-induced  plants. For each pasture, plant community richness, diversity (effective  number of species), and Pielou\u2019s evenness were summarized for inclusion in  multivariate analyses. At all locations where cover was observed, the area of  litter and exposed mineral soil on the ground surface were estimated, and  litter depth was measured at five random locations within the 0.25  m<sup>2 </sup>frame. Mineral soil was sampled to a depth of 15  cm at ten random locations. During preparation of soil cores (Pyle, Hall,  &amp; Bork, 2019), charcoal layers in the top 15 cm of mineral soil  were often found, indicating fire occurrence in the pasture\u2019s history and  not reported by managers. For each grassland, soil properties including %  total carbon (C), % total nitrogen (N), carbon to nitrogen ratio (C:N),  organic matter (OM), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), and texture (%  clay, % sand, % silt) were measured. Procedures and specific responses are  summarized elsewhere (Pyle, Hall, &amp; Bork, 2019).  <strong>4. Rangeland health</strong>  \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Rangeland health was assessed using the <i>Tame  Pasture Assessment Form </i>developed by Alberta Environment and  Parks (Adams et al., 2010; resources available at https://www.alberta.ca/range-health.aspx). In brief, this process evaluated grasslands based on six criteria, including: (1) vegetation composition and forage cover (tame or modified-tame), (2) the status of vegetation as either desirable (i.e., tall, productive forages) or non-desirable (non-palatable) species in tame pasture, (3) hydrologic function and nutrient cycling (abundance of litter), (4) site stability (exposed mineral soil and evidence of erosion), (5) noxious weeds, and (6) encroachment by woody plants (scoring is summarized in Pyle, Hall, &amp; Bork, 2018). In total, 60% of the health score arises from vegetation attributes, 25% from hydrologic function, and 15% from site stability (Adams et al., 2010). <strong>5. Literature Cited</strong> Adams, B. W., Ehlert, G., Stone, C., Lawrence, D., Alexander, M., Willoughby, M., Hincz, C., Moisey, D., Burkinshaw, A., Carlson, J., &amp; France, K. (2010). <i>Rangeland health assessment for grassland, forest and tame pasture</i>. Public Lands and Forests Division, Alberta Sustainable Resource Development, Alberta, Canada. \u00a0 Brouillet L, Desmet P, Coursol F, Meades SJ, Favreau M, Anions M, B\u00e9lisle P, Gendreau C, Shorthouse D, &amp; Contributors. (2018). <i>Database of Vascular Plants of Canada (VASCAN).</i> Online at http://data.canadensys.net/vascan. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.25.3100\u00a0 [accessed in August 2018] \u00a0 Moss, E. H., &amp; Packer, J. G. (1983). <i>Flora of Alberta: a manual of flowering plants, conifers, ferns, and fern allies found growing without cultivation in the Province of Alberta, Canada </i>(2<sup>nd</sup> ed.). University of Toronto Press, London, Ontario, Canada. Province of Alberta. 2010. <i>Weed Control Act</i>. Her Majesty the Queen in the Right of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Pyle, L. A, Hall, L. M. &amp; Bork, E. W. (2018). Linking management practices with range health in northern temperate pastures. <i>Canadian Journal of Plant Science</i>, 98(3), 657-671. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2017-0223 Pyle, L. A, Hall, L. M., &amp; Bork, E. W. (2019). Soil properties in northern temperate pastures do not vary with management practices and are independent of rangeland health. <i>Canadian Journal of Soil Science</i>, 99(4), 495-507. https://doi.org/10.1139/CJSS-2019-0076 Thomas, A. G. (1985). Weed survey system used in Saskatchewan for cereal and oilseed crops. <i>Weed Science</i>, 33(1), 34-43. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043174500083892", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "pasture management", "plant composition", "vegetation composition", "disturbance legacy", "15. Life on land", "rangeland health", "12. Responsible consumption", "fire history", "cultivation", "soil properties", "pasture inputs", "FOS: Other agricultural sciences", "producer survey"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.c2fqz6175"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.c2fqz6175", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.c2fqz6175", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.c2fqz6175"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.6084/m9.figshare.21175472.v2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:25:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-21", "title": "Plant-soil interactions in response to grazing intensity in a semi-arid ecosystem from NE Spain", "description": "Livestock grazing is an important element in ecosystem regulation since it may affect essential ecosystem functions, such as nutrient acquisition, organic matter decomposition, or litter accumulation in the soil. Overgrazing can threaten the conservation of ecosystems through excessive defoliation of plants or trampling. On the contrary, moderate grazing can have benefits on ecosystem dynamics by favoring nutrient cycling or the soil microbial activity. The aim of this study was to analyze these effects in a semi-arid Mediterranean shrubland located in NE Spain. We established six study sites including three grazing intensities, where we sampled vegetation biomass and soil properties: nitrogen content, microbial biomass, water infiltration capacity, porosity, and gypsum content. These parameters were included in a plant-soil interaction model tested through Structural Equation Modeling. Grazing had a direct negative effect on plant biomass (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and water infiltration capacity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) affecting soil nitrogen content (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and microbial biomass (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.5), respectively. Infiltration capacity and porosity were primary drivers of plant biomass (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, both cases), and plant biomass was the main contributor to the soil nitrogen pool. Microbial biomass was dependent on infiltration capacity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), porosity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and nitrogen (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Grazing directly or indirectly affected the functioning of the ecosystem through effects on plant and soil attributes, which may result in changes in plant growth, litter decomposition, or plant nutrient acquisition. This study revealed that moderate grazing can maintain optimal ecosystem features and prevent ecosystem degradation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Plant biomass", "13. Climate action", "Plant-soil feedbacks", "Infiltration", "Microbial biomass", "Rangelands", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Porosity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.21175472.v2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arid%20Land%20Research%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.6084/m9.figshare.21175472.v2", "name": "item", "description": "10.6084/m9.figshare.21175472.v2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.6084/m9.figshare.21175472.v2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/295679", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:25:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-21", "title": "Plant-soil interactions in response to grazing intensity in a semi-arid ecosystem from NE Spain", "description": "Livestock grazing is an important element in ecosystem regulation since it may affect essential ecosystem functions, such as nutrient acquisition, organic matter decomposition, or litter accumulation in the soil. Overgrazing can threaten the conservation of ecosystems through excessive defoliation of plants or trampling. On the contrary, moderate grazing can have benefits on ecosystem dynamics by favoring nutrient cycling or the soil microbial activity. The aim of this study was to analyze these effects in a semi-arid Mediterranean shrubland located in NE Spain. We established six study sites including three grazing intensities, where we sampled vegetation biomass and soil properties: nitrogen content, microbial biomass, water infiltration capacity, porosity, and gypsum content. These parameters were included in a plant-soil interaction model tested through Structural Equation Modeling. Grazing had a direct negative effect on plant biomass (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) and water infiltration capacity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) affecting soil nitrogen content (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001) and microbial biomass (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.5), respectively. Infiltration capacity and porosity were primary drivers of plant biomass (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05, both cases), and plant biomass was the main contributor to the soil nitrogen pool. Microbial biomass was dependent on infiltration capacity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), porosity (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01), and nitrogen (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Grazing directly or indirectly affected the functioning of the ecosystem through effects on plant and soil attributes, which may result in changes in plant growth, litter decomposition, or plant nutrient acquisition. This study revealed that moderate grazing can maintain optimal ecosystem features and prevent ecosystem degradation.", "keywords": ["plant-soil feedbacks", "2. Zero hunger", "Plant biomass", "porosity", "microbial biomass", "Plant-soil feedbacks", "soil fertility", "Microbial biomass", "Infiltration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Protect", " restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems", " sustainably manage forests", " combat\u00a0desertification", " and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss", "rangelands", "13. Climate action", "Rangelands", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/15", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Porosity", "plant biomass"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/15324982.2022.2119901"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10261/295679"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Arid%20Land%20Research%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/295679", "name": "item", "description": "10261/295679", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/295679"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-21T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1959.7/uws:64180", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-13", "title": "Multiple trade\u2010offs regulate the effects of woody plant removal on biodiversity and ecosystem functions in global rangelands", "description": "Abstract<p>Woody plant encroachment is a major land management issue. Woody removal often aims to restore the original grassy ecosystem, but few studies have assessed the role of woody removal on ecosystem functions and biodiversity at global scales. We collected data from 140 global studies and evaluated how different woody plant removal methods affected biodiversity (plant and animal diversity) and ecosystem functions (plant production, hydrological function, soil carbon) across global rangelands. Our results indicate that the impact of removal is strongly context dependent, varying with the specific response variable, removal method, and traits of the target species. Over all treatments, woody plant removal increased grass biomass and total groundstorey diversity. Physical and chemical removal methods increased grass biomass and total groundstorey biomass (i.e., non\uffe2\uff80\uff90woody plants, including grass biomass), but burning reduced animal diversity. The impact of different treatment methods declined with time since removal, particularly for total groundstorey biomass. Removing pyramid\uffe2\uff80\uff90shaped woody plants increased total groundstorey biomass and hydrological function but reduced total groundstorey diversity. Environmental context (e.g., aridity and soil texture) indirectly controlled the effect of removal on biomass and biodiversity by influencing plant traits such as plant shape, allelopathic, or roots types. Our study demonstrates that a one\uffe2\uff80\uff90size\uffe2\uff80\uff90fits\uffe2\uff80\uff90all approach to woody plant removal is not appropriate, and that consideration of woody plant identity, removal method, and environmental context is critical for optimizing removal outcomes. Applying this knowledge is fundamental for maintaining diverse and functional rangeland ecosystems as we move toward a drier and more variable climate.</p", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Rangeland management", "Biodiversity", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "Wood", "01 natural sciences", "Encroachment", "", "Removal method", "raits", "Woody plant traits", "Shrub removal", "13. Climate action", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Meta\u2010analysis", "Animals", "Thickening", "Biomass", "Global synthesis", "Ecosystem"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/1959.7/uws:64180"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1959.7/uws:64180", "name": "item", "description": "1959.7/uws:64180", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1959.7/uws:64180"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-000D-41C9-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-06-08", "title": "Drought intensity alters productivity, carbon allocation and plant nitrogen uptake in fast versus slow grassland communities", "description": "Abstract<p>   <p>Grasslands face more frequent and extreme droughts; yet, their responses to increasing drought intensity are poorly understood. Increasing drought intensity likely triggers abrupt shifts (thresholds) in grassland ecosystem functioning which can implicate recovery trajectories.</p>  <p>Here, we determined how drought intensity affects plant productivity, and plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling. We exposed model grassland plant communities with contrasting resource acquisition strategies (a fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90 vs a slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy plant community), to a gradient of drought intensity. The drought gradient ranged from well\uffe2\uff80\uff90watered to severely water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited conditions. We identified thresholds of plant community productivity (above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass) at peak drought and 2\uffe2\uff80\uff89months after re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting, and measured net ecosystem exchange and ecosystem respiration of C\uffc2\uffa0throughout the drought and recovery phases. At peak drought and 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89week after re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting, we traced recently acquired C from plants to the soil and into microbial biomass and fatty acids using 13C pulse labelling, and measured plant and soil N.</p>  <p>At peak drought, slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy plant communities were more drought resistant than fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy communities, as the threshold in plant productivity occurred at a higher drought intensity for the slow\uffe2\uff80\uff90 than the fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy community. Shortly after re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting, microbial uptake of recent plant\uffe2\uff80\uff90assimilated C increased with increasing past drought intensity, coinciding with an increase in soil N availability and leaf N. Threshold responses to drought intensity at peak drought translated into non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear recovery responses, with greater compensatory growth in the fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy community. At peak drought, increasing drought intensity reduced C uptake and increased relative C partitioning to leaves and microbial biomass. Upon re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting, plant community strategy mediated drought intensity effects on plant and soil C and N dynamics and plant recovery trajectories. The fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90strategy community recovered quickly, with higher leaf N than the slow community, while the slow community increased C allocation to microbial biomass.</p>  <p>Synthesis. Our findings highlight that C and N dynamics in the plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil system display non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear responses to increasing drought intensity both during and after drought, which has implications for plant community recovery trajectories.</p>  </p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "BACTERIAL", "EXTRACTION", "CHALLENGES", "STRATEGIES", "drought resistance", "grasslands", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "MEDITERRANEAN RANGELAND", "SOIL", "RECENTLY PHOTOSYNTHESIZED CARBON", "THRESHOLDS", "FUNCTIONAL TRAITS", "drought intensity gradient", "13. Climate action", "carbon allocation", "drought recovery", "ECONOMICS SPECTRUM", "resource acquisition strategy", "13C pulse labelling"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1365-2745.14136"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-000D-41C9-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-000D-41C9-7", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-000D-41C9-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-000D-41C9-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-06-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2263/91312", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-24", "title": "Grazing and ecosystem service delivery in global drylands", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Grazing represents the most extensive use of land worldwide. Yet its impacts on ecosystem services remain uncertain because pervasive interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil properties, and biodiversity may occur but have never been addressed simultaneously. Using a standardized survey at 98 sites across six continents, we show that interactions between grazing pressure, climate, soil, and biodiversity are critical to explain the delivery of fundamental ecosystem services across drylands worldwide. Increasing grazing pressure reduced ecosystem service delivery in warmer and species-poor drylands, whereas positive effects of grazing were observed in colder and species-rich areas. Considering interactions between grazing and local abiotic and biotic factors is key for understanding the fate of dryland ecosystems under climate change and increasing human pressure.</p></article>", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "Climate", "Edafolog\u00eda (Biolog\u00eda)", "630", "3104 Producci\u00f3n Animal", "Dryland", "Soil", "636", "2511.06 Conservaci\u00f3n de Suelos", "591.5", "Climate change", "3104.90 Sistemas de Producci\u00f3n Ganadera", "biodiversity", "2. Zero hunger", "2417.13 Ecolog\u00eda Vegetal", "Qu\u00edmica", "Biodiversity", "2502 Climatolog\u00eda", "Grazing", "2401.06 Ecolog\u00eda Animal", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "ddc:570", "Rangeland", "581.5", "Ecolog\u00eda (Biolog\u00eda)", "570", "632.11", "Ecosystem services (ES)", "Livestock", "Climate Change", "631.45", "Wild", "SDG-02: Zero hunger", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "Humans", "Ecosystem services", "grazing", "Herbivory", "14. Life underwater", "climate", "Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Biologie", "631.585", "Ecosystem", "551.583", "SDG-15: Life on land", "3103.10 Pastos", "Systems", "Drylands", "15. Life on land", "13. Climate action", "58.032.3", "Veterinaria", "ecosystem services"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://repositorio.ulisboa.pt/bitstream/10451/56169/1/abq4062_CombinedPDF_v4.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2263/91312"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2263/91312", "name": "item", "description": "2263/91312", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2263/91312"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-11-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "91319a0e-e25c-4e00-924b-d13fd4de14f0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-17.53, 12.31], [-17.53, 16.69], [-11.35, 16.69], [-11.35, 12.31], [-17.53, 12.31]]]}, "properties": {"license": "no limitation on public access", "updated": "2023-03-07T10:53:35", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "Aggregated land cover of Senegal (AFRICOVER)", "description": "This dataset has been produced from visual interpretation of digitally enhanced LANDSAT ETM images (Bands 4,3,2) acquired mainly in the year 2000-2005. The land cover classes have been developed using the FAO/UNEP international standard LCCS classification system. The land cover legend of Senegal, consisting of 55 classes, was set up using the F.A.O. LCCS methodology. To affine the interpretation, a set of aerial photos donated by USGS and the high resolution images of Google Earth have been used. The mapping scale used for the visual photo-interpretation was 1:100.000. The full resolution version of the Land Cover dataset consists of 23,922 polygons, covering an area of 19,659 thousands ha. There is also an aggregated version generated on the basis of a spatial criteria, which produces about the 11% reduction of the total amount of polygons. The spatially aggregated dataset (available for download) consists of 21,238 polygons.\nThe Senegal Land Cover mapping was carried out in the framework of Global Land Cover Network (GLCN) activities.", "formats": [{"name": "OGC:WMS-1.1.1-http-get-map"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}], "keywords": ["landcover", "environment", "natural resources", "agriculture", "forest", "rangeland", "management", "GLCN", "land cover", "Tag_GISLAB", "Tag_landcover", "Senegal"], "contacts": [{"name": "Antonio Di Gregorio", "organization": "FAO-UN/Africover", "position": "Senior Remote Sensing and Land Cover Mapping Expert", "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "AntonioDiGregorio@fao.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Ugo Leonardi", "organization": "FAO-UN/Africover", "position": "Land Cover Mapping/Remote Sensing Specialist Consultant", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Ugo.Leonardi@fao.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "John Latham", "organization": "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations", "position": "Environment Officer", "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "John.Latham@fao.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Viale delle terme di Caracalla"], "city": "Rome", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "00153", "country": "Italy"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Thomas Hofer", "organization": "Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations", "position": "Forestry Officer", "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Thomas.Hofer@fao.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Viale delle terme di Caracalla"], "city": "Rome", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "00153", "country": "Italy"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "FAO-UN/Africover", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "themes": [], "denominator": "100000"}, "links": [{"href": "http://localhost:8080/geoserver/wms", "name": "geonetwork:Aggregatedlandcover", "protocol": "OGC:WMS-1.1.1-http-get-map", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.apps.fao.org/map/catalog/srv/api/records/91319a0e-e25c-4e00-924b-d13fd4de14f0/attachments/image.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"href": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/uuid/91319a0e-e25c-4e00-924b-d13fd4de14f0/thumbnail/small.bmp", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "91319a0e-e25c-4e00-924b-d13fd4de14f0", "name": "item", "description": "91319a0e-e25c-4e00-924b-d13fd4de14f0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/91319a0e-e25c-4e00-924b-d13fd4de14f0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date-time": "2023-03-07T10:53:35Z"}}, {"id": "304f1b81-61ab-4ede-b367-75b8ebfc069e", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-180.0, -60.0], [-180.0, 85.0], [180.0, 85.0], [180.0, -60.0], [-180.0, -60.0]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}], "updated": "2022-03-23T10:36:19", "language": "eng", "title": "Bare soil - Global Land Cover Share Database", "description": "This dataset is a raster format GeoTIFF representing the percentage of density in each pixel of bare soil. It is part of the Global Land Cover-SHARE (GLC-SHARE) database at the global level created by FAO, Land and Water Division in partnership and with contribution from various partners and institutions.", "formats": [{"name": "TIFF"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS-1.3.0-http-get-map"}], "keywords": ["land cover", "global database", "agriculture", "forest", "rangeland", "management", "land and water", "natural resources", "LCCS-SEEA", "FAO", "NRL", "Tag_landcover", "Tag_GISLAB", "World"], "contacts": [{"name": "John Latham", "organization": "FAO-NRL", "position": "Senior Land and Water Officer", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "John.Latham@fao.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Viale delle Terme di Caracalla"], "city": "Rome", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "00153", "country": "Italy"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Renato Cumani", "organization": "FAO-NRL", "position": "Land and Water Officer", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Renato.Cumani@fao.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Viale delle Terme di Caracalla"], "city": "Rome", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "00153", "country": "Italy"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "FAO-NRL", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "denominator": "50000", "edition": "version 1.0"}, "links": [{"href": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/uuid/ba4526fd-cdbf-4028-a1bd-5a559c4bff38/resources/GlcShare_v10_09.zip", "name": "Download: GLC-Share - Bare soil", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/uuid/ba4526fd-cdbf-4028-a1bd-5a559c4bff38/resources/GlcShare_v10_Sources.zip", "name": "Download: GLC-Share - Sources", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/uuid/ba4526fd-cdbf-4028-a1bd-5a559c4bff38/resources/glc-share-Feb2014.pdf", "name": "Download: GLC-Share report", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.apps.fao.org/map/gsrv/gsrv1/geonetwork/wms", "name": "glc_shv10_09_47948", "description": "GLC-Share - Bare soil", "protocol": "OGC:WMS-1.3.0-http-get-map", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.apps.fao.org:/map/catalog/srv/api/records/304f1b81-61ab-4ede-b367-75b8ebfc069e/attachments/thumbnail7241089028389527700.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "304f1b81-61ab-4ede-b367-75b8ebfc069e", "name": "item", "description": "304f1b81-61ab-4ede-b367-75b8ebfc069e", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/304f1b81-61ab-4ede-b367-75b8ebfc069e"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1998-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2012-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "6dfcc76d-e0aa-439e-a10d-6366be3f23bc", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[34.96, 29.19], [34.96, 33.37], [39.3, 33.37], [39.3, 29.19], [34.96, 29.19]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "imageryBaseMapsEarthCover"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}], "updated": "2023-02-09T13:08:22", "language": "eng", "title": "Land cover of Jordan", "description": "The Jordanian land cover database and atlas were developed under the Regional Food Security Analysis Network (RFSAN) project. The Land Cover Atlas of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan provides information on the land cover distribution by subnational administrative boundaries (governorates and districts) shared by the Royal Jordanian Geographic Centre (RJGC).\n\nThe main data source includes multispectral Sentinel-2 imagery at 10 m of spatial resolution acquired from April to November 2016 and ancillary georeferenced data (land cover and land use map, vegetation cover, soil map) obtained from different institutions.\n\nThe Land cover database attributes contain the following fields:\n-Area (sqm)\n-ID\n-LCCSCode", "formats": [{"name": "TIFF"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}], "keywords": ["landcover", "environment", "natural resources", "agriculture", "forest", "rangeland", "Jordan", "land cover", "Tag_GISLAB", "Tag_landcover", "HiH_GIS_LAB"], "contacts": [{"name": "Matieu Henry", "organization": "FAO - UN", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Matieu.Henry@fao.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Fatima Mushtaq", "organization": "FAO - UN", "position": null, "roles": ["originator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Fatima Mushtaq@fao.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "FAO - UN", "roles": ["creator"]}], "denominator": "1000000", "edition": "First"}, "links": [{"href": "https://storage.cloud.google.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/geonetwork/landcover/jor_lc_2017.zip", "name": "Jordan_LC", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.apps.fao.org:/map/catalog/srv/api/records/6dfcc76d-e0aa-439e-a10d-6366be3f23bc/attachments/Jordan_2017.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "6dfcc76d-e0aa-439e-a10d-6366be3f23bc", "name": "item", "description": "6dfcc76d-e0aa-439e-a10d-6366be3f23bc", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/6dfcc76d-e0aa-439e-a10d-6366be3f23bc"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date-time": "2023-02-09T13:08:22Z"}}, {"id": "7d652a12-4555-4819-bebb-e5beb739f967", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[9.31, 19.5], [9.31, 33.17], [25.15, 33.17], [25.15, 19.5], [9.31, 19.5]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "imageryBaseMapsEarthCover"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}], "updated": "2023-02-02T10:39:15", "language": "eng", "title": "Aggregated Land Cover Database for Libya", "description": "This data set is a re-aggregated version of the full resolution Libyan land cover database. The original full resolution data has been concentrated in few generalized classes highlighting the most relevant features mapped without loosing information. The result is an aggregation of 10 generalized classes listed below, which keeps a good level of information, giving at the same time an exact estimation of the areas covered by each aggregated class. \nThe 10 Generalized Classes aggregation Land Cover map of Libya:\n\nAGRICULTURE\n\nAI -\tIrrigated Agriculture\n\nAR -\tRainfed Agriculture\n\nNATURAL VEGETATION\n\nNF -\tNatural Forest and Reforestations\n\nNV -\tRangeland\n\nBARE AREAS\n\nBC -\tBare Soil Consolidated\n\nBU -\tBare Soil Unconsolidated\n\nBSn - Loose and Shifting Sand\n\nBW - Bare Soil in Wadi Environment\n\nSABKHAS\n\nSK -\tTerrestrial and Aquatic Sabkha Environment and Waterbodies \n\nURBAN AREAS\n\nUB -\tUrban areas, Quarries and Dump Sites\n\nThe land cover products were developed by FAO as part of the LIB/00/04 'Mapping of Natural Resources for Agriculture Use and Planning Project in Libya'. This project was initiated by the Government of Libya, FAO and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to strengthen the capacity of the General People's Committee for Agriculture, Animal and Marine Wealth (GAAAMW) to manage land resources at national and sub-national levels through the establishment of a strategy, and a spatially based operational decision support system - the Land Resources Information Management System (LRIMS).", "formats": [{"name": "ESRI Shapefile"}], "keywords": ["landcover", "environment", "natural resources", "agriculture", "forest", "rangeland", "management", "GLCN", "land cover"], "contacts": [{"name": "J.S. Latham", "organization": "FAO UN - NRCE", "position": "Senior Environment Officer", "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "John.Latham@fao.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Viale delle Terme di Caracalla"], "city": "Rome", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "00153", "country": "Italy"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Antonio Di Gregorio", "organization": "FAO - Africover", "position": "Senior Remote Sensing and Land Cover Mapping Expert", "roles": ["principalInvestigator"], "phones": [{"value": "+254-(0)2-4440985/4443331/4443715/4441106"}], "emails": [{"value": "antonio.digregorio@africover.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Al Hadi Rashdy", "organization": "LIB/00/04 - \"Mapping of Natural Resources for Agricultural Use and Planning\" project in Libya", "position": "National Project Director", "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Khaled Ben-Mahmoud", "organization": "LIB/00/04 - \"Mapping of Natural Resources for Agricultural Use and Planning\" project in Libya", "position": "National Project Coordinator", "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": null}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "denominator": "2000000", "edition": "First"}, "links": [{"href": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/uuid/7d652a12-4555-4819-bebb-e5beb739f967/thumbnail/landcover_Libya_s.gif", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"href": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/uuid/7d652a12-4555-4819-bebb-e5beb739f967/large_thumbnail/landcover_Libya.gif", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "7d652a12-4555-4819-bebb-e5beb739f967", "name": "item", "description": "7d652a12-4555-4819-bebb-e5beb739f967", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/7d652a12-4555-4819-bebb-e5beb739f967"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date-time": "2023-02-02T10:39:15Z"}}, {"id": "7f8852e8-2a9a-4c2e-a3ff-977def5a766e", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[21.83, 3.49], [21.83, 22.23], [38.61, 22.23], [38.61, 3.49], [21.83, 3.49]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}], "license": "The data remains full property of the owners. It can be accessed, reproduced and distributed given that the owner information is explicitly acknowledged and displayed in the copyright information (I.E. Produced by FAO - Africover). The Authors do not assume any responsibilities for improper use of the data.", "updated": "2024-10-08T14:07:30", "language": "eng", "title": "Lithology for Sudan - Thematic Aggregation Geomorphology - AFRICOVER", "description": "This is a thematic aggregation of the original full resolution Geomorphology/Landform and Lithology database which has been produced from visual interpretation of digitally enhanced LANDSAT TM images acquired mainly in the year 2000. The landform classes have been developed using the ITC (International Institute for Geo-Information Science and Earth Observation) and SOTER (Soil and Terrain Database) methods. \nThis thematic aggregation groups the lithology codes into three main groupings based on geological origin (i.e. Igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic). The structure of the derived legend follows a specific criteria that allows and easy correlation between these classes and the standardised one listed in LCCS (SOTER classification first and second level). SOTER is a pure Parametric or Morphometric classification. The main origin or process of terrain units is an important descriptive element because it relates to the dominant exogenous or endogenous processes. This aspect in a general classification gives a meaningful grouping and has analytical value. The proposed legend is structured in such a way that it can be read, not only from the Morphometric point of view as in SOTER, but also taking into account the main origin and the age of landforms (mainly derived from the lithology legend). Lithology is linked with the mapping units, but is listed separately. See the full landform/lithology legend in the resource section.\nThis dataset is intended for free public access.", "formats": [{"name": "ESRI Shapefile"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download"}], "keywords": ["landcover", "agriculture", "environment", "natural resources", "forest", "rangeland", "management", "AFRICOVER", "land cover", "Tag_GISLAB", "Tag_AFRICOVER", "Sudan"], "contacts": [{"name": "Antonio Di Gregorio", "organization": "FAO-UN", "position": "Senior Remote Sensing and Land Cover Mapping Expert", "roles": ["originator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "digregorio@iao.florence.it"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Fatah El Aleem Mohie El Deen", "organization": "Sudan National Survey Corporation", "position": "NFPI - Sudan", "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": "249-11-790189"}], "emails": [{"value": "sudan@africover.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO box 306"], "city": "Khartoum", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": "Sudan"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "FAO-UN", "roles": ["creator"]}], "denominator": "350000", "edition": "First"}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.fao.org/geospatial/projects/detail/en/c/1035404/", "description": "Africover", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/uuid/7f8852e8-2a9a-4c2e-a3ff-977def5a766e/resources/LCCS_glossary.pdf", "description": "LCCS Glossary", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download", "rel": null}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "7f8852e8-2a9a-4c2e-a3ff-977def5a766e", "name": "item", "description": "7f8852e8-2a9a-4c2e-a3ff-977def5a766e", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/7f8852e8-2a9a-4c2e-a3ff-977def5a766e"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date-time": "2024-10-08T14:07:30Z"}}, {"id": "a7fd1a64-475f-4e34-a3b3-c79e014311ec", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[24.69, 21.99], [24.69, 31.66], [36.9, 31.66], [36.9, 21.99], [24.69, 21.99]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "imageryBaseMapsEarthCover"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}], "updated": "2024-06-04T13:08:28", "language": "eng", "title": "Multipurpose Landcover Database for Egypt - AFRICOVER", "description": "The full resolution land cover has been produced from visual interpretation of digitally enhanced high-resolution LANDSAT TM images (Bands 4,3,2) acquired mainly in the year 1997. The land cover classes have been developed using the FAO/UNEP international standard LCCS classification system. This database can be analyzed in the GLCN software Advanced Database Gateway (ADG), which provides a user-friendly interface and advanced functionalities to breakdown the LCCS classes in their classifiers for further aggregations and analysis. The ADG software is available for download on the GLCN web site at http://www.glcn.org/sof_7_en.jsp.\nThe shape main attributes correspond to the following fields:\n-ID\n-USERLABER\n-LCCCODE (unique LCCS code)\nYou can download a zip archive containing:\n-the dataset eg-landcover (.shp)\n-the Egypt Classifiers Used (.pdf)\n-the Egypt legend (.pdf and .xls)\n-the Egypt Legend - LCCS Import file (.xls)\n-the Userlabel Definitions (.pdf)\nNote: the document Egypt Classifiers Used.pdf, is a list of all the LCCS classifiers used in the study area. They are grouped under the 8 major land cover types. In addition to the standard classifiers contained in LCCS the user may find \u00e2\u20ac\u0153user defined\u00e2\u20ac\u009d classifiers used by the map producer to add additional information to a specific class, not available in LCCS. The user-defined attributes are always coded with the letter \u00e2\u20ac\u0153Z\u00e2\u20ac\u009d.", "formats": [{"name": "ESRI Shapefile"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download"}], "keywords": ["landcover", "environment", "natural resources", "agriculture", "forest", "rangeland", "management", "AFRICOVER", "Tag_GISLAB", "Tag_AFRICOVER", "Egypt"], "contacts": [{"name": "Antonio Di Gregorio", "organization": "FAO-UN", "position": "Senior Remote Sensing and Land Cover Mapping Expert", "roles": ["originator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "digregorio@iao.florence.it"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Nabil El Mowelhi", "organization": "Soil and Water Research Institute - Ministry of Agriculture", "position": "NFPI - Egypt", "roles": ["owner"], "phones": [{"value": "202- 5717365"}], "emails": [{"value": "tanzania@africover.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Soil and Water Res. Institute - Agriculture Research Center"], "city": "Giza", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": "Egypt"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "FAO-UN", "roles": ["creator"]}], "denominator": "200000", "edition": "First"}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.fao.org/geospatial/projects/detail/en/c/1035404/", "description": "Africover", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/uuid/a7fd1a64-475f-4e34-a3b3-c79e014311ec/resources/eg_landcover.zip", "name": "eg_landcover.zip", "description": "Multipurpose Landcover Database for Egypt - AFRICOVER", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/uuid/a7fd1a64-475f-4e34-a3b3-c79e014311ec/resources/LCCS_glossary.pdf", "name": "LCCS_glossary.pdf", "description": "LCCS Glossary", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/uuid/a7fd1a64-475f-4e34-a3b3-c79e014311ec/thumbnail/eg-landcover_s.gif", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"href": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/uuid/a7fd1a64-475f-4e34-a3b3-c79e014311ec/large_thumbnail/eg-landcover.gif", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "a7fd1a64-475f-4e34-a3b3-c79e014311ec", "name": "item", "description": "a7fd1a64-475f-4e34-a3b3-c79e014311ec", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/a7fd1a64-475f-4e34-a3b3-c79e014311ec"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date-time": "2024-06-04T13:08:28Z"}}, {"id": "ab3f6dca-e352-4b32-b4c1-255b4d3aa88f", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[9.31, 19.5], [9.31, 33.17], [25.15, 33.17], [25.15, 19.5], [9.31, 19.5]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "imageryBaseMapsEarthCover"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}], "updated": "2023-02-02T09:31:15", "language": "eng", "title": "Aggregated Land Cover Database for Libya (2006)", "description": "This data set is a re-aggregated version of the full resolution Libyan land cover database. The original full resolution data has been concentrated in few generalized classes highlighting the most relevant features mapped without loosing information. The result is an aggregation of 10 generalized classes listed below, which keeps a good level of information, giving at the same time an exact estimation of the areas covered by each aggregated class. \n\nThe 10 Generalized Classes aggregation Land Cover map of Libya:\n\nAGRICULTURE\nAI -\tIrrigated Agriculture\nAR -\tRainfed Agriculture\n\nNATURAL VEGETATION\nNF -\tNatural Forest and Reforestations\nNV -\tRangeland\n\nBARE AREAS\nBC -\tBare Soil Consolidated\nBU -\tBare Soil Unconsolidated\nBSn -\tLoose and Shifting Sand\nBW -\tBare Soil in Wadi Environment\n\nSABKHAS\nSK -\tTerrestrial and Aquatic Sabkha Environment and Waterbodies \n\nURBAN AREAS\nUB -\tUrban areas, Quarries and Dump Sites\n\nThe land cover products were developed by FAO as part of the LIB/00/04 'Mapping of Natural Resources for Agriculture Use and Planning Project in Libya'. This project was initiated by the Government of Libya, FAO and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to strengthen the capacity of the General People's Committee for Agriculture, Animal and Marine Wealth (GAAAMW) to manage land resources at national and sub-national levels through the establishment of a strategy, and a spatially based operational decision support system - the Land Resources Information Management System (LRIMS).", "formats": [{"name": "ESRI Shapefile"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}], "keywords": ["landcover", "environment", "natural resources", "agriculture", "forest", "rangeland", "Libya", "land cover", "Tag_GISLAB", "Tag_landcover", "HiH_GIS_LAB"], "contacts": [{"name": "Matieu Henry", "organization": "FAO-UN", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Matieu.Henry@fao.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Fatima Mushtaq", "organization": "FAO-UN", "position": null, "roles": ["originator"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Fatima Mushtaq@fao.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "FAO-UN", "roles": ["creator"]}], "denominator": "2000000", "edition": "First"}, "links": [{"href": "https://storage.cloud.google.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/geonetwork/landcover/lby_lc2_2006.zip", "name": "Libya_LC", "description": "Download: Aggregated Land Cover Database for Libya (2006)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://data.apps.fao.org:/map/catalog/srv/api/records/ab3f6dca-e352-4b32-b4c1-255b4d3aa88f/attachments/libya-lc10cl.jpg", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "ab3f6dca-e352-4b32-b4c1-255b4d3aa88f", "name": "item", "description": "ab3f6dca-e352-4b32-b4c1-255b4d3aa88f", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/ab3f6dca-e352-4b32-b4c1-255b4d3aa88f"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date-time": "2023-02-02T09:31:15Z"}}, {"id": "ba4526fd-cdbf-4028-a1bd-5a559c4bff38", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-180.0, -60.0], [-180.0, 85.0], [180.0, 85.0], [180.0, -60.0], [-180.0, -60.0]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "environment"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}], "updated": "2022-03-23T10:28:02", "language": "eng", "title": "Global Land Cover Share Database (2013)", "description": "The Global Land Cover-SHARE (GLC-SHARE) is a new land cover database at the global level created by FAO, Land and Water Division in partnership and with contribution from various partners and institutions.\nIt provides a set of major thematic land cover layers resulting by a combination of \"best available\" high resolution national, regional and/or sub-national land cover databases with the weighted average land cover information derived from large-scale available datasets. The database is produced with a resolution of 30 arc second (1km). The approach implemented is based on the utilization of the Land Cover Classification System (LCCS) and SEEA (System of Environmental-Economic Accounting) legend systems for the harmonization of the various global, regional and national land cover legends.\nThe major benefit of the GLC-SHARE product is its capacity to preserve the existing and available high resolution land cover information at the regional and country level obtained by spatial and multi-temporal source data, integrating them with the best synthesis of global datasets.\nPreliminary validation campaign was performed using 1000 random points statistically distributed over each land cover classes.\nThe database is distributed in the following eleven layers, in raster format (GeoTIFF ), whose pixel values represent the percentage of density coverage in each pixel of the land cover type. The dominant layer, representing the value of the dominant land cover type, is also available along with a legend in LYR ESRI format. Finally, information on each layer's source is retrievable in sources layer, by joining the raster values with an Excel table.\n01-Artificial Surfaces \n02-CropLand\n03-Grassland\n04-Tree Covered Area\n05-Shrubs Covered Area\n06-Herbaceous vegetation, aquatic or regularly flooded\n07-Mangroves\n08-Sparse vegetation\n09-BareSoil\n10-Snow and glaciers\n11-Waterbodies", "formats": [{"name": "TIFF"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}], "keywords": ["land cover", "global database", "agriculture", "forest", "rangeland", "management", "land and water", "natural resources", "LCCS-SEEA", "FAO", "NRL", "Tag_landcover", "Tag_GISLAB", "World"], "contacts": [{"name": "John Latham", "organization": "FAO-NRL", "position": "Senior Land and Water Officer", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "John.Latham@fao.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Viale delle Terme di Caracalla"], "city": "Rome", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "00153", "country": "Italy"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Renato Cumani", "organization": "FAO-NRL", "position": "Land and Water Officer", "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Renato.Cumani@fao.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Viale delle Terme di Caracalla"], "city": "Rome", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "00153", "country": "Italy"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"organization": "FAO-NRL", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "denominator": "50000", "edition": "version 1.0"}, "links": [{"href": "https://storage.googleapis.com/fao-maps-catalog-data/uuid/ba4526fd-cdbf-4028-a1bd-5a559c4bff38/resources/GlcShare_v10_01.zip", "description": "GLC-Share - 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