{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-06-23", "title": "Yields And Accumulations Of N And P In Farmer-Managed Intercrops Of Maize\u2013Pigeonpea In Semi-Arid Africa", "description": "Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple food in Sub-Saharan Africa but low soil fertility, limited resources and droughts keep yields low. Cultivation of maize intercropped with pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. Millsp.) is common in some areas of eastern and southern Africa. The objectives of this study were (1) to investigate dry matter, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) accumulation in different plant components of maize\u2013pigeonpea intercropping systems and (2) to report the effects of the intercrops on soil fertility. Maize\u2013pigeonpea intercrops were compared to sole maize grown using farmers\u02019 practices. Intercropping maize and pigeonpea increased (P   0.11). Nitrate and ammonium levels in soil were still not affected by the treatments after the soils were incubated in anaerobic conditions for 8 days at 37\u00b0C (P > 0.11). However, pigeonpea added up to 60 kg of N ha\u22121 to the system and accumulated up to 6 kg of P ha\u22121 and only 25% of this N and P were exported in the grain. In conclusion, beside the added grain yield of pigeonpea in the intercropped systems, pigeonpea increased the recirculation of dry matter, N and P, which may have a long-term effect on soil fertility. Furthermore, the stems from pigeonpea contributed to household fuel wood consumption. The intercropped system thus had multiple benefits that gave significant increase in combined yield per unit area without additional labour requirements. The main requirement in order to up-scale the maize\u2013pigeonpea intercropping approach is sufficient supply of high-quality pigeonpea seeds.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Food security", " food quality and human health", "Farm nutrient management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Recycling", " balancing and resource management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-006-9006-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107339", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-17", "title": "Constructed wetland biomass for compost production: Evaluation of effects on crops and soil", "description": "This study investigates the suitability of Phragmites australis (reed) biomass deriving from a surface flow constructed wetland (CW) to produce three compost types: reed (RC), reed mixed + potato cuttings (PC) and reed + liquid anaerobic digestate (DC), to promote both resource circularity and soil carbon sequestration. The composts were tested over 60 days on lettuce at two levels in combination or not with NH4NO3 (at the same kg N ha\u22121 loading), along with NH4NO3 reference (Chem) and an unamended control (Ctrl). The plant tissue dry weight and N load was determined, and the N relative efficiency (N-RAE %) was calculated. On pot soil, total and labile carbon (TOC, CL), along with the carbon management index (CMI) and \u03b413C were evaluated. Pot test showed that PC100 yielded the best (g pot\u22121) lettuce biomass (3.0) &gt; DC100 and RC100 (2.5 and 1.6) \u2248 chemical reference (3.8). A similar pattern was detected at 50% (g pot\u22121): PC50 (2.9) &gt; DC50 (2.7) &gt; RC50 (2.4). N-RAE (%) reflected this pattern: PC100 (60) &gt; DC100 (21) &gt; RC100 (10) and PC50 (76) &gt; DC50 (53) &gt; RC50 (52). Pot soil analyses showed composts well performed in TOC and CMI, in comparison to Ctrl (+42% and +13%), suggesting a positive impact on soil C amelioration. No significant differences were observed for \u03b413C distribution, suggesting the composts did not influence the microbic metabolism differently. These results indicated that the biomass harvested from the CWs can represent an interesting material for composting, combining carbon sequestration and nutrients recycling potential of these system, in addition to their wastewater treatment capacity.", "keywords": ["Soil amendment; Constructed wetland; Organic waste; Compost; Circularity; Recycling."], "contacts": [{"organization": "Francesco Chioggia, Marco Grigatti, Stevo Lavrnic\u0301, Attilio Toscano,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/974866/1/1-s2.0-S0925857424001642-main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107339"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107339", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107339", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2024.107339"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-10-18", "title": "Legumes For Mitigation Of Climate Change And The Provision Of Feedstock For Biofuels And Biorefineries. A Review", "description": "Humans are currently confronted by many global challenges. These include achieving food security for a rapidly expanding population, lowering the risk of climate change by reducing the net release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere due to human activity, and meeting the increasing demand for energy in the face of dwindling reserves of fossil energy and uncertainties about future reliability of supply. Legumes deliver several important services to societies. They provide important sources of oil, fiber, and protein-rich food and feed while supplying nitrogen (N) to agro-ecosystems via their unique ability to fix atmospheric N2 in symbiosis with the soil bacteria rhizobia, increasing soil carbon content, and stimulating the productivity of the crops that follow. However, the role of legumes has rarely been considered in the context of their potential to contribute to the mitigation of climate change by reducing fossil fuel use or by providing feedstock for the emerging biobased economies where fossil sources of energy and industrial raw materials are replaced in part by sustainable and renewable biomass resources. The aim of this review was to collate the current knowledge regarding the capacity of legumes to (1) lower the emissions of the key greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) compared to N-fertilized systems, (2) reduce the fossil energy used in the production of food and forage, (3) contribute to the sequestration of carbon (C) in soils, and (4) provide a viable source of biomass for the generation of biofuels and other materials in future biorefinery concepts. We estimated that globally between 350 and 500\u00a0Tg\u00a0CO2 could be emitted as a result of the 33 to 46\u00a0Tg\u00a0N that is biologically fixed by agricultural legumes each year. This compares to around 300\u00a0Tg\u00a0CO2 released annually from the manufacture of 100\u00a0Tg fertilizer N. The main difference is that the CO2 respired from the nodulated roots of N2-fixing legumes originated from photosynthesis and will not represent a net contribution to atmospheric concentrations of CO2, whereas the CO2 generated during the synthesis of N fertilizer was derived from fossil fuels. Experimental measures of total N2O fluxes from legumes and N-fertilized systems were found to vary enormously (0.03\u20137.09 and 0.09\u201318.16\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121, respectively). This reflected the data being collated from a diverse range of studies using different rates of N inputs, as well as the large number of climatic, soil, and management variables known to influence denitrification and the portion of the total N lost as N2O. Averages across 71 site-years of data, soils under legumes emitted a total of 1.29\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121 during a growing season. This compared to a mean of 3.22\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121 from 67 site-years of N-fertilized crops and pastures, and 1.20\u00a0kg\u00a0N2O\u2013N\u00a0ha\u22121 from 33 site-years of data collected from unplanted soils or unfertilized non-legumes. It was concluded that there was little evidence that biological N2 fixation substantially contributed to total N2O emissions, and that losses of N2O from legume soil were generally lower than N-fertilized systems, especially when commercial rates of N fertilizer were applied. Elevated rates of N2O losses can occur following the termination of legume-based pastures, or where legumes had been green- or brown-manured and there was a rapid build-up of high concentrations of nitrate in soil. Legume crops and legume-based pastures use 35% to 60% less fossil energy than N-fertilized cereals or grasslands, and the inclusion of legumes in cropping sequences reduced the average annual energy usage over a rotation by 12% to 34%. The reduced energy use was primarily due to the removal of the need to apply N fertilizer and the subsequently lower N fertilizer requirements for crops grown following legumes. Life cycle energy balances of legume-based rotations were also assisted by a lower use of agrichemicals for crop protection as diversification of cropping sequences reduce the incidence of cereal pathogens and pests and assisted weed control, although it was noted that differences in fossil energy use between legumes and N-fertilized systems were greatly diminished if energy use was expressed per unit of biomass or grain produced. For a change in land use to result in a net increase C sequestration in soil, the inputs of C remaining in plant residues need to exceed the CO2 respired by soil microbes during the decomposition of plant residues or soil organic C, and the C lost through wind or water erosion. The net N-balance of the system was a key driver of changes in soil C stocks in many environments, and data collected from pasture, cropping, and agroforestry systems all indicated that legumes played a pivotal role in providing the additional organic N required to encourage the accumulation of soil C at rates greater than can be achieved by cereals or grasses even when they were supplied with N fertilizer. Legumes contain a range of compounds, which could be refined to produce raw industrial materials currently manufactured from petroleum-based sources, pharmaceuticals, surfactants, or food additives as valuable by-products if legume biomass was to be used to generate biodiesel, bioethanol, biojet A1 fuel, or biogas. The attraction of using leguminous material feedstock is that they do not need the inputs of N fertilizer that would otherwise be necessary to support the production of high grain yields or large amounts of plant biomass since it is the high fossil energy use in the synthesis, transport, and application of N fertilizers that often negates much of the net C benefits of many other bioenergy sources. The use of legume biomass for biorefineries needs careful thought as there will be significant trade-offs with the current role of legumes in contributing to the organic fertility of soils. Agricultural systems will require novel management and plant breeding solutions to provide the range of options that will be required to mitigate climate change. Given their array of ecosystem services and their ability to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, lower the use of fossil energy, accelerate rates of C sequestration in soil, and provide a valuable source of feedstock for biorefineries, legumes should be considered as important components in the development of future agroecosystems.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "571", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Legumes", "Air and water emissions", "Greenhouses and coverings", "7. Clean energy", "Biorefinery", "12. Responsible consumption", "[SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment", "Greenhouse gases", "2305 Environmental Engineering", "13. Climate action", "Biological N2 fixation", "Biofuels", "11. Sustainability", "Farm nutrient management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Recycling", " balancing and resource management", "1102 Agronomy and Crop Science"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy%20for%20Sustainable%20Development", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13593-011-0056-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-10-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:15:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-05-28", "title": "Nitrate Leaching From Organic Arable Crop Rotations Is Mostly Determined By Autumn Field Management", "description": "Two main challenges facing organic arable farming are the  supply of nitrogen (N) to the crop and the control of perennial weeds. Nitrate leaching from different organic arable crop rotations was investigated over three consecutive four-year crop rotations in a field experiment at three locations in Denmark (12 years in total). The experimental treatments were: i) crop rotation, ii) catch crop and iii) animal manure. Nitrate leaching was estimated from measured soil nitrate concentation in ceramic suction cells and modelled drainage. There were significant effects on annual N leaching of location (coarse sand > loamy sand > sandy loam) and catch crops (without > with). Including a grass-clover green manure on 25% of the area did not increase N leaching compared with crop rotations without green manure. Also the application of animal manure did not influence N leaching, probably because even in the manured treatments the application rate was lower than crop demand. The results identify management of crop and soil during autumn as the main determinant of N leaching. Nitrate leaching was lowest for a catch crop soil cover during autumn and winter (avg. 20 kg N ha-1), a soil cover of weeds/volunteers had on avg. 30 kg N ha-1, and the largest N leaching losses were found after stubble cultivation (avg. 55 kg N ha-1). The N leaching losses increased with increasing number of autumn soil cultivations.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Nutrient turnover", "Composting and manuring", "Farm nutrient management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Recycling", " balancing and resource management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Cereals", " pulses and oilseeds", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Askegaard, M, Olesen, J\u00f8rgen E, Rasmussen, Ilse Ankj\u00e6r, Kristensen, Kristian,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2011.04.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.026", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-13", "title": "Optimization Of Pig Slurry Application To Heavy Metal Polluted Soils Monitoring Nitrification Processes", "description": "Nitrification is often negatively affected by heavy metal pollution in soils, this limiting land revegetation. Thus, the potential use of pig slurry as a nitrogen-rich organic amendment in different heavy metal contaminated soils has been evaluated; this also being a way of recycling this waste. In order to identify the factors affecting nitrification processes in heavy metal polluted soils (soil pH, heavy metal solubility and the N source), incubation experiments were run using two polluted soils with different pH values (5.0 and 7.1) and a non-contaminated soil (pH 8.2). Ammonium was added as pig slurry or as ammonium sulphate for comparison (both added at 150 mg NH(4)(+)-N kg(-1) of soil). Pig slurry provoked higher nitrification rates and N-immobilisation than ammonium sulphate, especially in the neutral-polluted soil, reflecting an improvement of the microbial activity in the soil. The microbial immobilisation of N led to an inverse relationship between the amount of N added and nitrate conversion in the neutral-polluted soil and in the non-contaminated soil amended with different pig slurry dosages (75, 150 and 225mg NH(4)(+)-N kg(-1) of soil). Low rates of nitrification and N-immobilisation were found in the acidic soil. Pig slurry addition to metal polluted soils enhanced soil nitrification, especially when metals were in low-solubility forms.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "PIG SLURRY RECYCLING", "SOIL RECLAMATION", "Nitrogen", "Swine", "METAL SOLUBILITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Hydrogen-Ion Concentration", "15. Life on land", "NITRIFICATION", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Manure", "Quaternary Ammonium Compounds", "MICROBIAL IMMOBILISATION", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "13. Climate action", "METAL", "Metals", " Heavy", "Animals", "Soil Pollutants", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil Microbiology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.026"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.026", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.026", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.08.026"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.034", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-20", "title": "Effects Of Wood Chip Ash Fertilization On Soil Chemistry In A Norway Spruce Plantation On A Nutrient-Poor Soil", "description": "Harvest of forest biomass for energy production may lead to export of nutrients from the forest. Recirculation of nutrients from wood chip combustion by ash spreading in forests has been proposed as a means for counteracting the nutrient export. This study was carried out to examine the effect of wood chip ash application on soil chemistry in a 44-year-old Norway spruce (Picea abies) plantation on a nutrient-poor soil in Denmark and to investigate the effect of applying different ash types and doses. Soil samples were collected and analyzed 2.5 years (3 growing seasons) after ash application. This study shows that, regardless of ash formulation, preparation or dose, application of wood ash to forest soil has a liming effect in the O-horizon manifested as an increase in CECe, BS and pH. This effect was not seen in the mineral soil within the time frame of this study. At the same time, an increase in Cd was found in the O-horizon, corresponding to the amount added in the ashes. Generally, no other increase in soil contents of the heavy metals was seen. Hardening of the wood ash did not decrease the chemical impact on the soil chemistry as compared to non-treated ash whereas an increase in ash application dose increases the liming effect.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Nutrient recycling", "Fertilization", "Bioenergy", "Forest", "Wood ash", "15. Life on land", "Plant nutrition", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Ingerslev, Morten, Hansen, Mette, Pedersen, Lars Bo, Skov, Simon,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.034"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.034", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.034", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2014.08.034"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.gca.2016.06.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-20", "title": "Silicon isotopes reveal recycled altered oceanic crust in the mantle sources of Ocean Island Basalts", "description": "Open Access23 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables", "keywords": ["Ocean Island Basalts", "Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)", "GE", "550", "NDAS", "500", "Silicon isotopes", "FOS: Physical sciences", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "Recycling", "14. Life underwater", "BDC", "Mantle heterogeneity", "GE Environmental Sciences", "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.06.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geochimica%20et%20Cosmochimica%20Acta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.gca.2016.06.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.gca.2016.06.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.gca.2016.06.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130369", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-07", "title": "A step towards the production of manure-based fertilizers: Disclosing the effects of animal species and slurry treatment on their nutrients content and availability", "description": "Open Accessinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion", "keywords": ["nutrient recycling", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "animal manures", "slurry acidification", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "slurry solid-liquid separation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "nutrients ratio", "animal manures blending", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130369"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Cleaner%20Production", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130369", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130369", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.130369"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.048", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-25", "title": "Heavy Metal Content In Ash Of Energy Crops Growing In Sewage-Contaminated Natural Wetlands: Potential Applications In Agriculture And Forestry?", "description": "One of the greatest current challenges is to find cost-effective and eco-friendly solutions to the ever increasing needs of modern society. Some plant species are suitable for a multitude of biotechnological applications such as bioenergy production and phytoremediation. A sustainable practice is to use energy crops to clean up polluted lands or to treat wastewater in constructed wetlands without claiming further arable land for biofuel production. However, the disposal of combustion by-products may add significant costs to the whole process, especially when it deals with toxic waste. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of recycling ash from energy biomass as a fertilizer for agriculture and forestry. In particular, the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Pb and Zn were analyzed in the plant tissues and corresponding ash of the grasses Phragmites australis and Arundo donax, collected in an urban stream affected by domestic sewage. Results showed that the metal concentration in ash is 1.5-3 times as high as the values in plant tissues. However, metal enriched ash showed much lower element concentrations than the legal limits for ash reutilization in agriculture and forestry. This study found that biomass ash from constructed wetlands may be considered as a potential fertilizer rather than hazardous waste. Energy from biomass can be a really sustainable and clean option not only through the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, but also through ash recycling for beneficial purposes, thus minimizing the negative impacts of disposal.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Sewage", "Agriculture", "Forestry", "Incineration", "15. Life on land", "Poaceae", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "bionenergy; ashes; reeds", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "Italy", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "Metals", " Heavy", "Wetlands", "Ash; Constructed wetlands; Energy biomass; Macrophytes; Recycling; Trace elements", "11. Sustainability", "Soil Pollutants", "Biomass", "Fertilizers", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.iris.unict.it/bitstream/20.500.11769/16444/1/Ash_Science_2013.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.048"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.048", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.048", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.02.048"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.105", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:16:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-10", "title": "Impact Of Long-Term Organic Residue Recycling In Agriculture On Soil Solution Composition And Trace Metal Leaching In Soils", "description": "Recycling composted organic residues in agriculture can reduce the need of mineral fertilizers and improve the physicochemical and biological properties of cultivated soils. However, some trace elements may accumulate in soils following repeated applications and impact other compartments of the agrosystems. This study aims at evaluating the long-term impact of such practices on the composition of soil leaching water, especially on trace metal concentrations. The field experiment QualiAgro started in 1998 on typical loess Luvisol of the Paris Basin, with a maize-wheat crop succession and five modalities: spreading of three different urban waste composts, farmyard manure (FYM), and no organic amendment (CTR). Inputs of trace metals have been close to regulatory limits, but supplies of organic matter and nitrogen overpassed common practices. Soil solutions were collected from wick lysimeters at 45 and 100 cm in one plot for each modality, during two drainage periods after the last spreading. Despite wide temporal variations, a significant effect of treatments on major solutes appears at 45 cm: DOC, Ca, K, Mg, Na, nitrate, sulphate and chloride concentrations were higher in most amended plots compared to CTR. Cu concentrations were also significantly higher in leachates of amended plots compared to CTR, whereas no clear effect emerged for Zn. The influence of amendments on solute concentrations appeared weaker at 1 m than at 45 cm, but still significant and positive for major anions and DOC. Average concentrations of Cu and Zn at 1m depth lied in the ranges [2.5; 3.8] and [2.5; 10.5 \u03bcg/L], respectively, with values slightly higher for plots amended with sewage sludge compost or FYM than for CTR. However, leaching of both metals was less than 1% of their respective inputs through organic amendments. For Cd, most values were <0.05 \u03bcg/L. So, metals added through spreading of compost or manure during 14 years may have increased metal concentrations in leachates of amended plots, in spite of increased soil organic matter, factor of metal retention. Indeed, DOC, also increased by amendments, favours the mobility of Cu; whereas pH variations, depending on treatments, influence negatively the solubility of Zn. Generic adsorption functions of these variables partly explain the variations of trace metal concentrations and helped to unravel the numerous processes induced by regular amendments with organic waste products.", "keywords": ["cultivated soil", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "trace element", "Agriculture", "heavy metal", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Refuse Disposal", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Metals", " Heavy", "11. Sustainability", "[SDE.ES] Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "Soil Pollutants", "Recycling", "[SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environment and Society", "organic amendment", "Environmental Monitoring", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.105"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.105", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.105", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.105"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/een.12679", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:18:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-05", "title": "Ecological stoichiometry and nutrient partitioning in two insect herbivores responsible for large\u2010scale forest disturbance in the Fennoscandian subarctic", "description": "<p>1. Outbreaks of herbivorous insects can have large impacts on regional soil carbon (C) storage and nutrient cycling. In northernmost Europe, population outbreaks of several geometrid moth species regularly cause large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale defoliation in subarctic birch forests. An improved understanding is required of how leaf C and nutrients are processed after ingestion by herbivores and what this means for the quantity and quality of different materials produced (frass, bodies).</p><p>2. In this study, larvae of two geometrid species responsible for major outbreaks (Epirrita autumnata and Operophtera brumata) were raised on exclusive diets of Betula pubescens var. czerepanovii (N. I. Orlova) H\uffc3\uffa4met Ahti and two other abundant understorey species (Betula nana, Vaccinium myrtillus). The quantities of C, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) ingested and allocated to frass, bodies and (in the case of C) respired were recorded.</p><p>3. Overall, 23%, 70% and 48% of ingested C, N and P were allocated to bodies, respectively, rather than frass and (in the case of C) respiration. Operophtera brumata consistently maintained more constant body stoichiometric ratios of C, N and P than did E. autumnata, across the wide variation in physico\uffe2\uff80\uff90chemical properties of plant diet supplied.</p><p>4. These observed differences and similarities on C and nutrient processing may improve researchers' ability to predict the amount and stoichiometry of frass and bodies generated after geometrid outbreaks. </p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "ecological stoichiometry", "590", "subarctic birch forest", "15. Life on land", "geometrid moth", "01 natural sciences", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::\u00d8kologi: 488", "Consumer\u2010driven nutrient recycling", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "homeostasis", "[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Ecosystems", "stable isotope", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "environment/Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/een.12679/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/een.12679"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Entomology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/een.12679", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/een.12679", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/een.12679"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fnut.2016.00019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-06-16", "title": "Drivers Of Plant-Availability Of Phosphorous From Thermally Conditioned Sewage Sludge As Assessed By Isotopic Labeling", "description": "Urban sewage sludge is a potential source of phosphorus (P) for agriculture and represents an alternative way to recycle P as fertilizer. However, the use of thermally conditioned sewage sludge (TCSS) required an accurate assessment of its value as P-fertilizer. This work aimed at assessing the plant-availability of P from TCSS. Uptake of P by a mixture of ryegrass and fescue from TCSS and triple super phosphate (TSP) fertilizers was studied using (32)P-labeling technique in a greenhouse experiment. Phosphorus was applied at the rate of 50\u2009mg P kg(-1).We also conducted incubation experiments considering the same treatments to assess soil microbial respiration. Applications of TCSS and TSP increased plant P uptake that is related to the root P acquisition. The P taken up by plant from soil plant-available P was lower for control compared to TSP or TCSS that was attributed to the increase of root interception of soil P. The contribution of TSP to ryegrass nutrition (Pdff%) was 55% with 22% of the applied P which was taken up by plants (CPU%). The Pdff value for TCSS was 56% with 14% of fertilizer P recovery (CPU%). Shoot biomass and total P uptake from TCSS were lower than those from TSP. As a result, the agronomic effectiveness of TCSS calculated from Pdff value (in comparison with TSP treatment) was 102%, while the AE of TCSS estimated from CPU value (in % TSP) was 64%, which is attributed to microbial activity stimulation inducing P immobilization onto soil constituents and microbial biomass during plant growth. The high C/N ratio of TCSS stimulated soil microbial biomass that competes with plant roots to acquire nutrients, such as P. As a consequence, the P taken up from either native soil or TCSS decreased in similar proportions. The AE value calculated with Pdff% took into account these interactions between soil, plant, and microbial biomass, and is less dependent on operational conditions than the AE value calculated with %Precovery.", "keywords": ["[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "ryegrass", "recyclage des d\u00e9chets", "microbial P", "soil respiration", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "ray-grass", "f\u00e9tuque", "waste recycling", "disponibilit\u00e9 en phosphore", "Nutrition", "580", "2. Zero hunger", "P immobilization", "[SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences", "traitement des boues", "sewage sludge", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "fertilizer", "6. Clean water", "plant-available P", "engrais", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "32P-labeling technique"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2016.00019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fnut.2016.00019", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fnut.2016.00019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fnut.2016.00019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.tb00123.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-05", "title": "Nitrate Leaching From Organic Arable Crop Rotations: Effects Of Location, Manure And Catch Crop", "description": "Nitrate leaching from crop rotations supporting organic grain production was investigated from 1997 to 2000 in a field experiment at three locations in Denmark on different soil types. Three experimental factors were included in the experiment in a factorial design: (1) proportion of N2-fixing crops in the rotation (crop rotation), (2) catch crop (with and without), and (3) manure (with and without). Three, four-course rotations were compared, two at each location. The nitrate leaching was measured using ceramic suction cells. Leaching losses from the crop rotation with grass\u2013clover green manure and without catch crops were 104, 54 and 35 kgNha21 yr21 on the coarse sand, the loamy sand, and the sandy loam, respectively. There was no effect of manure application or time of ploughing-in the grass\u2013clover green manure crop on the accumulated nitrate leaching from the entire rotation. Catch crops reduced nitrate leaching significantly, by 30\u201338%, on the sandy soils. At all locations catch crops reduced the annual averaged nitrate concentration to meet drinking water quality standards in the crop rotation with green manure. On the coarse sand there was a time lag between the onset of drainage and the start of N-uptake by the catch crop.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Production systems", "Crop combinations and interactions", "Nutrient turnover", "Composting and manuring", "Farm nutrient management", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Recycling", " balancing and resource management", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "M. Askegaard, M. Askegaard, J.E. Olesen, K. Kristensen,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.tb00123.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.tb00123.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.tb00123.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2005.tb00123.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1155/2014/198231", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:19:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-07-22", "title": "The Effects Of Rape Residue Mulching On Net Global Warming Potential And Greenhouse Gas Intensity From No-Tillage Paddy Fields", "description": "<p>A field experiment was conducted to provide a complete greenhouse gas (GHG) accounting for global warming potential (GWP), net GWP, and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) from no-tillage (NT) paddy fields with different amounts of oilseed rape residue mulch (0, 3000, 4000, and 6000\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg dry matter (DM)\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) during a rice-growing season after 3 years of oilseed rape-rice cultivation. Residue mulching treatments showed significantly more organic carbon (C) density for the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff89cm soil layer at harvesting than no residue treatment. During a rice-growing season, residue mulching treatments sequestered significantly more organic C from 687\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89season\uffe2\uff88\uff921to 1654\uffe2\uff80\uff89kg\uffe2\uff80\uff89C\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff89season\uffe2\uff88\uff921than no residue treatment. Residue mulching significantly increased emissions of CO2and N2O but decreased CH4emissions. Residue mulching treatments significantly increased GWP by 9\uffe2\uff80\uff9330% but significantly decreased net GWP by 33\uffe2\uff80\uff9371% and GHGI by 35\uffe2\uff80\uff9372% relative to no residue treatment. These results suggest that agricultural economic viability and GHG mitigation can be achieved simultaneously by residue mulching on NT paddy fields in central China.</p>", "keywords": ["Crops", " Agricultural", "2. Zero hunger", "Technology", "T", "Science", "Q", "Brassica napus", "R", "Agriculture", "Oryza", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "3. Good health", "12. Responsible consumption", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Medicine", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Recycling", "Research Article", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/198231"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/The%20Scientific%20World%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1155/2014/198231", "name": "item", "description": "10.1155/2014/198231", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1155/2014/198231"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11061185", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-10", "title": "Extrusion of Different Plants into Fibre for Peat Replacement in Growing Media: Adjustment of Parameters to Achieve Satisfactory Physical Fibre-Properties.", "description": "<p>Peat is a highly contentious input in agriculture. Replacing or reducing peat by substitution with lignocellulosic biomass processed into fibre by twin-screw-extrusion could contribute to more sustainable agriculture with regard to horticultural production. Therefore, plant wastes including pruning from Olea europaea L. and Vitis spp. L., residues from perennial herbs like Salvia spp. L., Populus spp. L. and forest biomass were processed to fibre for peat replacement with a biomass extruder. The water-holding-capacity (WHC), particle-size-distribution and other physical fibre characteristics were determined and compared to peat. The specific energy demand during extrusion was measured for aperture settings from 6\uffe2\uff80\uff9340 mm. No fibre reached the 82% WHC of peat. At the setting of 20 mm of all materials investigated, Salvia performed best with a WHC of 53% and moderate specific energy demand (167 kWh tDM\uffe2\uff88\uff921) followed by Olea europaea with a WHC of 43% and a low energy demand (93 kWh tDM\uffe2\uff88\uff921). For Populus, opening the aperture from 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9340 mm decreased energy demand by 41% and WHC by 27%. The drying of biomass for storage and remoistening during extrusion increased the specific energy demand. Despite a lower WHC than peat, all investigated materials are suitable to replace peat in growing media regarding their physical properties.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "peat substitution", "water holding capacity", "S", "620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete T\u00e4tigkeiten", "Agriculture", "specific energy demand", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "Organic-PLUS", "619", "fibre", "agricultural residues", "Recycling", " balancing and resource management", "ddc:620", "twin-screw extrusion"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/6/1185/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/6/1185/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11061185"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11061185", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11061185", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11061185"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-06-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy11091817", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-10", "title": "Assessment of Capsicum annuum L. Grown in Controlled and Semi-Controlled Environments Irrigated with Greywater Treated by Floating Wetland Systems", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Accumulation of trace elements, including heavy metals, were evaluated in soil and fruits of chilli plants (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under both laboratory-controlled and semi-controlled greenhouse location conditions. Chilli plant biomass growth in different development stages and fruit productivity were evaluated and compared with each other for the impact of growth boundary conditions and water quality effects. Treated synthetic greywaters by different operational design set-ups of floating treatment wetland systems were recycled for watering chillies in both locations. Effluents of each individual group of treatment set-up systems were labelled to feed sets of three replicates of chilli plants in both locations. Results revealed that the treated synthetic greywater (SGW) complied with thresholds for irrigation water, except for high concentrations (HC) of phosphates, total suspended soils, and some trace elements, such as cadmium. Chilli plants grew in both locations with different growth patterns in each development stage. First blooming and high counts of flowers were observed in the laboratory. Higher fruit production was noted for greenhouse plants: 2266 chilli fruits with a total weight of 16.824 kg with an expected market value of GBP 176.22 compared to 858 chilli fruits from the laboratory with a weight of 3.869 kg and an estimated price of GBP 17.61. However, trace element concentrations were detected in chilli fruits with the ranking order of occurrence as: Mg &gt; Ca &gt; Na &gt; Fe &gt; Zn &gt; Al &gt; Mn &gt; Cu &gt; Cd &gt; Cr &gt; Ni &gt; B. The highest concentrations of accumulated Cd (3.82 mg/kg), Cu (0.56 mg/kg), and Na (0.56 mg/kg) were recorded in chilli fruits from the laboratory, while greater accumulations of Ca, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Ni with concentrations of 4.73, 1.30, 0.20, 0.21, and 0.24 mg/kg, respectively, were linked to fruits from the greenhouse. Trace elements in chilli plant soils followed the trend: Mg &gt; Fe &gt; Al &gt; Cr &gt; Mn &gt; Cd &gt; Cu &gt; B. The accumulated concentrations in either chilli fruits or the soil were above the maximum permissible thresholds, indicating the need for water quality improvements.</p></article>", "keywords": ["agricultural water management", "2. Zero hunger", "soil pollution", "S", "greywater recycling", "Agriculture", "<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "11. Sustainability", "14. Life underwater", "constructed floating wetland", "heavy metal accumulation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/61848/1/agronomy-11-01817-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/150458/1/agronomy-11-01817-v3.pdf"}, {"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/9/1817/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/9/1817/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091817"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy11091817", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy11091817", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy11091817"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/agronomy12010182", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-12", "title": "Evaluating the Fertilising Potential of Blended Recovered Nutrients in Horticultural Growing Medium on Viola x wittrockiana L.", "description": "<p>Viola x wittrockiana L. is an ornamental plant in high demand in horticulture. It is becoming more critical for greenhouse growers to focus on sustainable production to enhance plant quality while reducing negative environmental impacts. Therefore, assessing the effect of recycled phosphorous (P) and nitrogen (N) sources on the growth of viola could become very useful for producers in terms of sustainability. This experiment analysed the optimal fertiliser composition to grow viola using recovered fertilisers in a greenhouse trial under controlled conditions. Well-rooted viola plugs were grown in a standard peat-based growing medium. Using recycled sources of P and N as struvite and potassium struvite, ammonium sulphate, and ammonium nitrate, 14 fertiliser blends were prepared, tested, and compared with the slow-release commercial fertiliser Osmocote. Plants treated with ammonium nitrate showed healthy growth and optimal plant N concentrations. In contrast, most blends using the recovered ammonium sulphate resulted in an unacceptable increase of ammonium concentrations in the growing medium. The combination of ammonium sulphate and potassium sulphate caused an increase in the electrical conductivity in the growing medium, negatively affecting plant growth. However, blend 13 containing struvite, ammonium sulphate and potassium struvite expressed the best chemical composition with non-significant differences in the biomass from the positive controls, as it reduced the amount of potassium sulphate needed. Our results indicate that fertiliser blends containing P as struvite, N as ammonium nitrate or reduced amount of ammonium sulphate, and K as potassium struvite can substitute the use of mineral fertiliser blends to grow ornamental plant species as viola.</p>", "keywords": ["Agriculture and Food Sciences", "nutrient recycling", "0301 basic medicine", "alternative fertilisers", "WASTE", "plant nutrition", "struvite", "PANSY", "12. Responsible consumption", "03 medical and health sciences", "PLANTS", "recovered nutrients; ornamental plants; greenhouse flowers; sustainable plant production; alternative fertilisers; plant nutrition; struvite; nutrient recycling", "ornamental plants", "recovered nutrients", "greenhouse flowers", "2. Zero hunger", "S", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "DIGESTATE", "sustainable plant production", "MINERAL FERTILIZERS", "GROWTH", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/640", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "FORM"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/1/182/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/1/182/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010182"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/agronomy12010182", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/agronomy12010182", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/agronomy12010182"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/en14123488", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:20:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-11", "title": "Bio\u2010crude production through recycling of pretreated aqueous phase via activated carbon", "description": "<p>The management and optimization of the aqueous phase are the major challenges that hinder the promotion of hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) technology on a commercial scale. Recently, many studies reported about the accumulation of the N-content in the bio-crude with continuous recycling of the aqueous phase from high protein-containing biomass. In the present study, sewage sludge was processed at 350 \uffc2\uffb0C in an autoclave. The produced aqueous phase was treated with activated carbon, and its subsequent recycling effect on the properties of the bio-crude and aqueous phase was investigated. By contacting the aqueous phase with activated carbon, 38\uffe2\uff80\uff9343% of the total nitrogen was removed from the aqueous phase. After applying the treated aqueous phase recycling, the energy recovery of the bio-crude increased from 50 to 61% after three rounds of recycling. From overall carbon/nitrogen recoveries, 50 to 56% of the carbon was transferred to the bio-crude phase and more than 50% of the nitrogen remained in the aqueous phase. The aqueous phase contained mostly of N&amp;O-heterocyclic compounds, small chain organic acids, and amides. ICP-AES analysis showed that more than 80% of the inorganic elements were concentrated into the solid phase.</p>", "keywords": ["Technology", "sewage sludge", "Activated carbon", "Aqueous phase recycling", "T", "Bio\u2010crude", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "aqueous phase recycling", "HTL", "13. Climate action", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "activated carbon", "Sewage sludge", "bio-crude", "aqueous phase recycling; sewage sludge; activated carbon; HTL; bio-crude"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/12/3488/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/12/3488/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/en14123488"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Energies", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/en14123488", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/en14123488", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/en14123488"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-06-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su13031570", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:21:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-02", "title": "Agronomic and Environmental Performance of Lemnaminor Cultivated on Agricultural Wastewater Streams\u2014A Practical Approach", "description": "<p>This study investigated the potential of Lemna minor to valorise agricultural wastewater in protein-rich feed material in order to meet the growing demand for animal feed protein and reduce the excess of nutrients in certain European regions. For this purpose, three pilot-scale systems were monitored for 175 days under outdoor conditions in Flanders. The systems were fed with the effluent of aquaculture (pikeperch production\uffe2\uff80\uff94PP), a mixture of diluted pig manure wastewater (PM), and a synthetic medium (SM). PM showed the highest productivity (6.1 \uffc2\uffb1 2.5 g DW m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and N uptake (327 \uffc2\uffb1 107 mg N m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921). PP yielded a similar productivity and both wastewaters resulted in higher productivities than SM. Furthermore, all media showed similar P uptake rates (65\uffe2\uff80\uff9370 P m\uffe2\uff88\uff922 d\uffe2\uff88\uff921). Finally, duckweed had a beneficial amino acid composition for humans (essential amino acid index = 1.1), broilers and pigs. This study also showed that the growing medium had more influence on the productivity of duckweed than on its amino acid composition or protein content, with the latter being only slightly affected by the different media studied. Overall, these results demonstrate that duckweed can effectively remove nutrients from agriculture wastewaters while producing quality protein.</p>", "keywords": ["Planning and Development", "biological effluent treatment", "nutrient recycling", "2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "Sustainability and the Environment", "Geography", "Monitoring", "Policy and Law", "constructed wetlands", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Management", "12. Responsible consumption", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "protein alternatives", "Lemnaceae", "Renewable Energy", "amino acid composition", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/3/1570/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/3/1570/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031570"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su13031570", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su13031570", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su13031570"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.16841981", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:23:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-10", "title": "Assessment of Capsicum annuum L. Grown in Controlled and Semi-Controlled Environments Irrigated with Greywater Treated by Floating Wetland Systems", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Accumulation of trace elements, including heavy metals, were evaluated in soil and fruits of chilli plants (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under both laboratory-controlled and semi-controlled greenhouse location conditions. Chilli plant biomass growth in different development stages and fruit productivity were evaluated and compared with each other for the impact of growth boundary conditions and water quality effects. Treated synthetic greywaters by different operational design set-ups of floating treatment wetland systems were recycled for watering chillies in both locations. Effluents of each individual group of treatment set-up systems were labelled to feed sets of three replicates of chilli plants in both locations. Results revealed that the treated synthetic greywater (SGW) complied with thresholds for irrigation water, except for high concentrations (HC) of phosphates, total suspended soils, and some trace elements, such as cadmium. Chilli plants grew in both locations with different growth patterns in each development stage. First blooming and high counts of flowers were observed in the laboratory. Higher fruit production was noted for greenhouse plants: 2266 chilli fruits with a total weight of 16.824 kg with an expected market value of GBP 176.22 compared to 858 chilli fruits from the laboratory with a weight of 3.869 kg and an estimated price of GBP 17.61. However, trace element concentrations were detected in chilli fruits with the ranking order of occurrence as: Mg &gt; Ca &gt; Na &gt; Fe &gt; Zn &gt; Al &gt; Mn &gt; Cu &gt; Cd &gt; Cr &gt; Ni &gt; B. The highest concentrations of accumulated Cd (3.82 mg/kg), Cu (0.56 mg/kg), and Na (0.56 mg/kg) were recorded in chilli fruits from the laboratory, while greater accumulations of Ca, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Ni with concentrations of 4.73, 1.30, 0.20, 0.21, and 0.24 mg/kg, respectively, were linked to fruits from the greenhouse. Trace elements in chilli plant soils followed the trend: Mg &gt; Fe &gt; Al &gt; Cr &gt; Mn &gt; Cd &gt; Cu &gt; B. The accumulated concentrations in either chilli fruits or the soil were above the maximum permissible thresholds, indicating the need for water quality improvements.</p></article>", "keywords": ["agricultural water management", "2. Zero hunger", "soil pollution", "S", "greywater recycling", "Agriculture", "<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "11. Sustainability", "14. Life underwater", "constructed floating wetland", "heavy metal accumulation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/61848/1/agronomy-11-01817-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/150458/1/agronomy-11-01817-v3.pdf"}, {"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/9/1817/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/9/1817/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.16841981"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.16841981", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.16841981", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.16841981"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.57745/4BYXTK", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:24:15Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "PROspective's long-term field experiment", "description": "The long-term experiment PROspective site is located at the Colmar Experimental Centre of the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (INRAE), in Colmar (Haut-Rhin, France; 48\u25e603\u201933\u2019\u2019 N, 7\u25e619\u201942\u2019\u2019 E, altitude 200 m). It is positioned on a silt\u2013silt clayey calcisol soil. The upper horizon includes a plough layer (i.e., topsoil), which is carbonated. The climate is semicontinental, with a mean annual precipitation of 559 mm received mostly between May and October and an average annual air temperature of 11.3 \u25e6C. It is cropped with a rotation of maize, winter wheat, sugar beet and barley. Each organic waste product application are made before maize or sugar beat every 2 years most often in February, at doses equivalent to 170 kg N ha\u22121 (Michaud et al. 2021, Chen et al. 2022). // The figure in attached file presents the experimental plan of the PROspective long-term field experiment. The 2-ha field experiment is divided into 2 sub-devices \u201cWith_N\u201d and \u201cWithout_N\u201d including 24 plots of 10 m \u00d7 9 m in 4 blocks of replicates and a fifth block devoted to the following of the nitrogen dynamic with bare plots or control plots without mineral fertilization. The following organic waste products are randomly distributed within each block: Sewage sludge (SLU), Co-compost of sewage sludge with green waste and wood chips (GWS), Co-compost of the home-sorted fermentable fraction of municipal solid waste and green waste, also called biowaste compost (BIOW), Farmyard manure from a dairy farm (FYM), Compost of farmyard manure (CFYM), No organic amendment (control, or CN). // From 2000 to 2019, two phases were carried out in the PROspective long-term experiment as presented in the attached table, with the treatments randomly distributed in the 2 sub-devices, as follows: In the sub-device \u201cwith_N\u201d in 2000\u20132019 on all plots of the blocks 1 to 4, additional mineral N fertilization was applied at doses between 0 and 170 kg N ha\u22121. In the sub-device \u201cwithout_N\u201d, in 2000-2014 on all plots no additional mineral N fertilization was applied; in 2015-2019 additional biowaste digestate (DIG) was applied at doses between 0 and 170 kg N ha\u22121.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Agricultural Sciences", "agronomy", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "waste recycling", "long term field experiment", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "agriculture"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Michaud, Aur\u00e9lia, Montenach, Denis, Levavasseur, Florent, Houot, Sabine,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.57745/4BYXTK"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.57745/4BYXTK", "name": "item", "description": "10.57745/4BYXTK", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.57745/4BYXTK"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10037/14672", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:24:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-10-05", "title": "Ecological stoichiometry and nutrient partitioning in two insect herbivores responsible for large\u2010scale forest disturbance in the Fennoscandian subarctic", "description": "<p>1. Outbreaks of herbivorous insects can have large impacts on regional soil carbon (C) storage and nutrient cycling. In northernmost Europe, population outbreaks of several geometrid moth species regularly cause large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale defoliation in subarctic birch forests. An improved understanding is required of how leaf C and nutrients are processed after ingestion by herbivores and what this means for the quantity and quality of different materials produced (frass, bodies).</p>                   <p>                     2. In this study, larvae of two geometrid species responsible for major outbreaks (                     Epirrita autumnata                     and                                            Operophtera brumata                                          ) were raised on exclusive diets of                                            Betula pubescens                                          var.                     czerepanovii                     (N. I. Orlova) H\uffc3\uffa4met Ahti and two other abundant understorey species (                                            Betula nana                                          ,                                            Vaccinium myrtillus                                          ). The quantities of C, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) ingested and allocated to frass, bodies and (in the case of C) respired were recorded.                   </p>                   <p>                     3. Overall, 23%, 70% and 48% of ingested C, N and P were allocated to bodies, respectively, rather than frass and (in the case of C) respiration.                                            Operophtera brumata                                          consistently maintained more constant body stoichiometric ratios of C, N and P than did                     E. autumnata                     , across the wide variation in physico\uffe2\uff80\uff90chemical properties of plant diet supplied.                   </p>                   <p>4. These observed differences and similarities on C and nutrient processing may improve researchers' ability to predict the amount and stoichiometry of frass and bodies generated after geometrid outbreaks.</p", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "VDP::Mathematics and natural science: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Ecology: 488", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "ecological stoichiometry", "590", "subarctic birch forest", "15. Life on land", "geometrid moth", "01 natural sciences", "[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "VDP::Matematikk og Naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::\u00d8kologi: 488", "Consumer\u2010driven nutrient recycling", "13. Climate action", "[SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", "homeostasis", "[SDV.EE.ECO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology", " environment/Ecosystems", "stable isotope", "[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology", "environment/Ecosystems"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/wol1/doi/10.1111/een.12679/fullpdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10037/14672"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Entomology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10037/14672", "name": "item", "description": "10037/14672", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10037/14672"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11585/974866", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-25T16:25:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-17", "title": "Constructed wetland biomass for compost production: Evaluation of effects on crops and soil", "description": "This study investigates the suitability of Phragmites australis (reed) biomass deriving from a surface flow constructed wetland (CW) to produce three compost types: reed (RC), reed mixed + potato cuttings (PC) and reed + liquid anaerobic digestate (DC), to promote both resource circularity and soil carbon sequestration. The composts were tested over 60 days on lettuce at two levels in combination or not with NH4NO3 (at the same kg N ha\u22121 loading), along with NH4NO3 reference (Chem) and an unamended control (Ctrl). The plant tissue dry weight and N load was determined, and the N relative efficiency (N-RAE %) was calculated. On pot soil, total and labile carbon (TOC, CL), along with the carbon management index (CMI) and \u03b413C were evaluated. Pot test showed that PC100 yielded the best (g pot\u22121) lettuce biomass (3.0) &gt; DC100 and RC100 (2.5 and 1.6) \u2248 chemical reference (3.8). A similar pattern was detected at 50% (g pot\u22121): PC50 (2.9) &gt; DC50 (2.7) &gt; RC50 (2.4). N-RAE (%) reflected this pattern: PC100 (60) &gt; DC100 (21) &gt; RC100 (10) and PC50 (76) &gt; DC50 (53) &gt; RC50 (52). Pot soil analyses showed composts well performed in TOC and CMI, in comparison to Ctrl (+42% and +13%), suggesting a positive impact on soil C amelioration. No significant differences were observed for \u03b413C distribution, suggesting the composts did not influence the microbic metabolism differently. These results indicated that the biomass harvested from the CWs can represent an interesting material for composting, combining carbon sequestration and nutrients recycling potential of these system, in addition to their wastewater treatment capacity.", "keywords": ["Soil amendment; Constructed wetland; Organic waste; Compost; Circularity; Recycling."], "contacts": [{"organization": "Francesco Chioggia, Marco Grigatti, Stevo Lavrnic\u0301, Attilio Toscano,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://cris.unibo.it/bitstream/11585/974866/1/1-s2.0-S0925857424001642-main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/11585/974866"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "11585/974866", "name": "item", "description": "11585/974866", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/11585/974866"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3200304843", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-25T16:26:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-10", "title": "Assessment of Capsicum annuum L. Grown in Controlled and Semi-Controlled Environments Irrigated with Greywater Treated by Floating Wetland Systems", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Accumulation of trace elements, including heavy metals, were evaluated in soil and fruits of chilli plants (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under both laboratory-controlled and semi-controlled greenhouse location conditions. Chilli plant biomass growth in different development stages and fruit productivity were evaluated and compared with each other for the impact of growth boundary conditions and water quality effects. Treated synthetic greywaters by different operational design set-ups of floating treatment wetland systems were recycled for watering chillies in both locations. Effluents of each individual group of treatment set-up systems were labelled to feed sets of three replicates of chilli plants in both locations. Results revealed that the treated synthetic greywater (SGW) complied with thresholds for irrigation water, except for high concentrations (HC) of phosphates, total suspended soils, and some trace elements, such as cadmium. Chilli plants grew in both locations with different growth patterns in each development stage. First blooming and high counts of flowers were observed in the laboratory. Higher fruit production was noted for greenhouse plants: 2266 chilli fruits with a total weight of 16.824 kg with an expected market value of GBP 176.22 compared to 858 chilli fruits from the laboratory with a weight of 3.869 kg and an estimated price of GBP 17.61. However, trace element concentrations were detected in chilli fruits with the ranking order of occurrence as: Mg &gt; Ca &gt; Na &gt; Fe &gt; Zn &gt; Al &gt; Mn &gt; Cu &gt; Cd &gt; Cr &gt; Ni &gt; B. The highest concentrations of accumulated Cd (3.82 mg/kg), Cu (0.56 mg/kg), and Na (0.56 mg/kg) were recorded in chilli fruits from the laboratory, while greater accumulations of Ca, Cd, Cu, Mn, and Ni with concentrations of 4.73, 1.30, 0.20, 0.21, and 0.24 mg/kg, respectively, were linked to fruits from the greenhouse. Trace elements in chilli plant soils followed the trend: Mg &gt; Fe &gt; Al &gt; Cr &gt; Mn &gt; Cd &gt; Cu &gt; B. The accumulated concentrations in either chilli fruits or the soil were above the maximum permissible thresholds, indicating the need for water quality improvements.</p></article>", "keywords": ["agricultural water management", "2. Zero hunger", "soil pollution", "S", "greywater recycling", "Agriculture", "<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "11. Sustainability", "14. Life underwater", "constructed floating wetland", "heavy metal accumulation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/61848/1/agronomy-11-01817-v2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/150458/1/agronomy-11-01817-v3.pdf"}, {"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/9/1817/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/9/1817/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3200304843"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agronomy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3200304843", "name": "item", "description": "3200304843", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3200304843"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "79bdbb28-939c-47e5-8137-1e09a5511943", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2025-05-08T00:00:00", "type": "Dataset", "language": "de", "title": "Umweltindikatoren NRW", "description": "Die Umweltindikatoren des LANUK sind Mess- und Kennzahlen, mit denen sowohl die aktuelle Umweltsituation als auch Entwicklungstrends \u00fcbersichtlich dargestellt und bewertet werden k\u00f6nnen. Durch Umweltindikatoren werden komplexe Aspekte, wie z. B. die Luftqualit\u00e4t, die Gew\u00e4sserg\u00fcte , der Energie- und Rohstoffverbrauch oder die Inanspruchnahme von Freifl\u00e4chen messbar. Eine Beschreibung des Umweltzustandes durch Umweltindikatoren erhebt nicht den Anspruch, ein vollst\u00e4ndiges Bild zu zeichnen. Vielmehr sollen relevante Teilaspekte hervorgehoben werden, deren Zustand und Entwicklung von besonderem Interesse ist. Entsprechend dem Erhebungsturnus wird auf Basis der jeweils verf\u00fcgbaren Daten der Indikatorensatz im Internet einmal im Jahr aktualisiert. 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