Our findings indicate the importance of paleoclimatic information to improve quantitative predictions of global soil C stocks.
Root functional traits are known to influence soil properties that underpin ecosystem functioning. Yet few studies have explored how root traits simultaneously influence physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil, or how these responses are modified by common grassland perturbations that shape roots, such as defoliation and fertilisation.
Here, we explored how root traits of a wide range of grassland plant species with contrasting resource acquisition strategies (i.e. conservative vs. exploitative strategy plant species) respond to defoliation and fertilisation individually and in combination, and examined cascading impacts on a range of soil abiotic and biotic properties that underpin ecosystem functioning.
We found that the amplitude of the response of root traits to defoliation and fertilisation varied among plant species, in most cases independently of plant resource acquisition strategies. However, the direction of the root trait responses (increase or decrease) to perturbations was consistent across all plant species, with defoliation and fertilisation exerting opposing effects on root traits. Specific root length increased relative to non\uffe2\uff80\uff90perturbed control in response to defoliation, while root biomass, root mass density, and root length density decreased. Fertilisation induced the opposite responses. We also found that both defoliation and fertilisation individually enhanced the role of root traits in regulating soil biotic and abiotic properties, especially soil aggregate stability.
Synthesis: Our results indicate that defoliation and fertilisation, two common grassland perturbations, have contrasting impacts on root traits of grassland plant species, with direct and indirect short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term consequences for a wide range of soil abiotic and biotic properties that underpin ecosystem functioning.
", "keywords": ["Plant traits", "Soil nutrients", "0106 biological sciences", "Plant-soil interactions", "Growth strategy", "Soil microbial community", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Perturbations", "01 natural sciences", "Soil aggregates", "Research Articles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14215"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1365-2745.14215", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1365-2745.14215", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1365-2745.14215"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-10-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1462-2920.16149", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-03", "title": "\u2018Omics-guided prediction of the pathway for metabolism of isoprene by Variovorax sp. WS11", "description": "AbstractBacteria that inhabit soils and the leaves of trees partially mitigate the release of the abundant volatile organic compound, isoprene (2\uffe2\uff80\uff90methyl\uffe2\uff80\uff901,3\uffe2\uff80\uff90butadiene). While the initial steps of isoprene metabolism were identified in Rhodococcus sp. AD45 two decades ago, the isoprene metabolic pathway still remains largely undefined. Limited understanding of the functions of isoG, isoJ and aldH and uncertainty in the route of isoprene\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived carbon into central metabolism have hindered our understanding of isoprene metabolism. These previously uncharacterised iso genes are essential in Variovorax sp. WS11, determined by targeted mutagenesis. Using combined \uffe2\uff80\uff98omics\uffe2\uff80\uff90based approaches, we propose the complete isoprene metabolic pathway. Isoprene is converted to propionyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90CoA, which is assimilated by the chromosomally encoded methylmalonyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90CoA pathway, requiring biotin and vitamin B12, with the plasmid\uffe2\uff80\uff90encoded methylcitrate pathway potentially providing robustness against limitations in these vitamins. Key components of this pathway were induced by both isoprene and its initial oxidation product, epoxyisoprene, the principal inducer of isoprene metabolism in both Variovorax sp. WS11 and Rhodococcus sp. AD45. Analysis of the genomes of distinct isoprene\uffe2\uff80\uff90degrading bacteria indicated that all of the genetic components of the methylcitrate and methylmalonyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90CoA pathways are not always present in isoprene degraders, although incorporation of isoprene\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived carbon via propionyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90CoA and acetyl\uffe2\uff80\uff90CoA is universally indicated.
", "keywords": ["Comamonadaceae", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Hemiterpenes", "Butadienes", "Rhodococcus", "Research Articles", "Carbon"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Dawson, Robin A., Rix, Gregory D., Crombie, Andrew T., Murrell, J. Colin,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/87123/1/Environmental_Microbiology_2022_Dawson_Omics_guided_prediction_of_the_pathway_for_metabolism_of_isoprene_by.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1462-2920.16149"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.16149"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1462-2920.16149", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1462-2920.16149", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1462-2920.16149"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1462-2920.16213", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-10-18", "title": "Application of stable\u2010isotope labelling techniques for the detection of active diazotrophs", "description": "SummaryInvestigating active participants in the fixation of dinitrogen gas is vital as N is often a limiting factor for primary production. Biological nitrogen fixation is performed by a diverse guild of bacteria and archaea (diazotrophs), which can be free\uffe2\uff80\uff90living or symbionts. Free\uffe2\uff80\uff90living diazotrophs are widely distributed in the environment, yet our knowledge about their identity and ecophysiology is still limited. A major challenge in investigating this guild is inferring activity from genetic data as this process is highly regulated. To address this challenge, we evaluated and improved several 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90based methods for detecting N2 fixation activity (with a focus on soil samples) and studying active diazotrophs. We compared the acetylene reduction assay and the 15N2 tracer method and demonstrated that the latter is more sensitive in samples with low activity. Additionally, tracing 15N into microbial RNA provides much higher sensitivity compared to bulk soil analysis. Active soil diazotrophs were identified with a 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90RNA\uffe2\uff80\uff90SIP approach optimized for environmental samples and benchmarked to 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90DNA\uffe2\uff80\uff90SIP. Lastly, we investigated the feasibility of using SIP\uffe2\uff80\uff90Raman microspectroscopy for detecting 15N\uffe2\uff80\uff90labelled cells. Taken together, these tools allow identifying and investigating active free\uffe2\uff80\uff90living diazotrophs in a highly sensitive manner in diverse environments, from bulk to the single\uffe2\uff80\uff90cell level.Owing to its wide metabolic versatility and physiological robustness, together with amenability to genetic manipulations and high resistance to stressful conditions, Pseudomonas putida is increasingly becoming the organism of choice for a range of applications in both industrial and environmental applications. However, a range of applied synthetic biology and metabolic engineering approaches are still limited by the lack of specific genetic tools to effectively and efficiently regulate the expression of target genes. Here, we present a single\uffe2\uff80\uff90plasmid CRISPR\uffe2\uff80\uff90interference (CRISPRi) system expressing a nuclease\uffe2\uff80\uff90deficient cas9 gene under the control of the inducible XylS/Pm expression system, along with the option of adopting constitutively expressed guide RNAs (either sgRNA or crRNA and tracrRNA). We showed that the system enables tunable, tightly controlled gene repression (up to 90%) of chromosomally expressed genes encoding fluorescent proteins, either individually or simultaneously. In addition, we demonstrate that this method allows for suppressing the expression of the essential genes pyrF and ftsZ, resulting in significantly low growth rates or morphological changes respectively. This versatile system expands the capabilities of the current CRISPRi toolbox for efficient, targeted and controllable manipulation of gene expression in P. putida.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Pseudomonas putida", "Life Science", "Gene Expression", "Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats", "CRISPR-Cas Systems", "RNA", " Guide", " CRISPR-Cas Systems", "TP248.13-248.65", "Research Articles", "Biotechnology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1751-7915.13533"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13533"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Microbial%20Biotechnology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1751-7915.13533", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1751-7915.13533", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1751-7915.13533"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1751-7915.14404", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-08", "title": "Characterization of an extremophile bacterial acid phosphatase derived from metagenomics analysis", "description": "AbstractAcid phosphatases are enzymes that play a crucial role in the hydrolysis of various organophosphorous molecules. A putative acid phosphatase called FS6 was identified using genetic profiles and sequences from different environments. FS6 showed high sequence similarity to type C acid phosphatases and retained more than 30% of consensus residues in its protein sequence. A histidine\uffe2\uff80\uff90tagged recombinant FS6 produced in Escherichia coli exhibited extremophile properties, functioning effectively in a broad pH range between 3.5 and 8.5. The enzyme demonstrated optimal activity at temperatures between 25 and 50\uffc2\uffb0C, with a melting temperature of 51.6\uffc2\uffb0C. Kinetic parameters were determined using various substrates, and the reaction catalysed by FS6 with physiological substrates was at least 100\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold more efficient than with p\uffe2\uff80\uff90nitrophenyl phosphate. Furthermore, FS6 was found to be a decamer in solution, unlike the dimeric forms of crystallized proteins in its family.This work proves the feasibility of dechlorinating 2,4\uffe2\uff80\uff90D, a customary commercial herbicide, using cathodic electrocatalysis driven by the anodic microbial electrooxidation of sodium acetate. A set of microbial electrochemical systems (MES) were run under two different operating modes, namely microbial fuel cell (MFC) mode, with an external resistance of 120\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffce\uffa9, or microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) mode, by supplying external voltage (0.6\uffe2\uff80\uff89V) for promoting the (bio)electrochemical reactions taking place. When operating the MES as an MFC, 32% dechlorination was obtained after 72\uffe2\uff80\uff89h of treatment, which was further enhanced by working under MEC mode and achieving a 79% dechlorination. In addition, the biodegradability (expressed as the ratio BOD/COD) of the synthetic polluted wastewater was tested prior and after the MES treatment, which was improved from negative values (corresponding to toxic effluents) up to 0.135 in the MFC and 0.453 in the MEC. Our MES approach proves to be a favourable option from the point of view of energy consumption. Running the system under MFC mode allowed to co\uffe2\uff80\uff90generate energy along the dechlorination process (\uffe2\uff88\uff920.0120\uffe2\uff80\uff89kWh\uffe2\uff80\uff89mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921), even though low removal rates were attained. The energy input under MEC operation was 1.03\uffe2\uff80\uff89kWh\uffe2\uff80\uff89mol\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff94a competitive value compared to previous works reported in the literature for (non\uffe2\uff80\uff90biological) electrochemical reactors for 2,4\uffe2\uff80\uff90D electrodechlorination.Thermal adaptations of soil microorganisms could mitigate or facilitate global warming effects on soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition and soil CO2 efflux. We incubated soil from warmed and control subplots of a forest soil warming experiment to assess whether 9\uffc2\uffa0years of soil warming affected the rates and the temperature sensitivity of the soil CO2 efflux, extracellular enzyme activities, microbial efficiency, and gross N mineralization. Mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depth) was incubated at temperatures ranging from 3 to 23\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C. No adaptations to long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term warming were observed regarding the heterotrophic soil CO2 efflux (R10 warmed: 2.31\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.15\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0s\uffe2\uff88\uff921, control: 2.34\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.29\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0s\uffe2\uff88\uff921; Q10 warmed: 2.45\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.06, control: 2.45\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.04). Potential enzyme activities increased with incubation temperature, but the temperature sensitivity of the enzymes did not differ between the warmed and the control soils. The ratio of C\uffc2\uffa0:\uffc2\uffa0N acquiring enzyme activities was significantly higher in the warmed soil. Microbial biomass\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific respiration rates increased with incubation temperature, but the rates and the temperature sensitivity (Q10 warmed: 2.54\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.23, control 2.75\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.17) did not differ between warmed and control soils. Microbial substrate use efficiency (SUE) declined with increasing incubation temperature in both, warmed and control, soils. SUE and its temperature sensitivity (Q10 warmed: 0.84\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.03, control: 0.88\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.01) did not differ between warmed and control soils either. Gross N mineralization was invariant to incubation temperature and was not affected by long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term soil warming. Our results indicate that thermal adaptations of the microbial decomposer community are unlikely to occur in C\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich calcareous temperate forest soils.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "570", "substrate use efficiency", "Nitrogen", "ARCTIC SOIL", "Acclimatization", "Forests", "soil CO2 efflux", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "630", "COMMUNITY COMPOSITION", "BOREAL FOREST", "Soil", "gross N mineralization", "SEASONAL PATTERNS", "thermal adaptation", "EXTRACELLULAR ENZYMES", "CARBON-USE EFFICIENCY", "soil warming", "Enzyme activities", "BEECH FOREST", "ENZYME-ACTIVITY", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "106022 Mikrobiologie", "Soil CO efflux", "NITROGEN AVAILABILITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Primary Research Articles", "Thermal adaptation", "enzyme activities", "13. Climate action", "Austria", "106022 Microbiology", "Soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "CYCLE FEEDBACKS", "Gross N mineralization", "Seasons", "Substrate use efficiency"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12996"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12996", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12996"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-09-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.13446", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-09-03", "title": "The unseen invaders: introduced earthworms as drivers of change in plant communities in North American forests (a meta-analysis)", "description": "AbstractGlobally, biological invasions can have strong impacts on biodiversity as well as ecosystem functioning. While less conspicuous than introduced aboveground organisms, introduced belowground organisms may have similarly strong effects. Here, we synthesize for the first time the impacts of introduced earthworms on plant diversity and community composition in North American forests. We conducted a meta\uffe2\uff80\uff90analysis using a total of 645 observations to quantify mean effect sizes of associations between introduced earthworm communities and plant diversity, cover of plant functional groups, and cover of native and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90native plants. We found that plant diversity significantly declined with increasing richness of introduced earthworm ecological groups. While plant species richness or evenness did not change with earthworm invasion, our results indicate clear changes in plant community composition: cover of graminoids and non\uffe2\uff80\uff90native plant species significantly increased, and cover of native plant species (of all functional groups) tended to decrease, with increasing earthworm biomass. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that introduced earthworms facilitate particular plant species adapted to the abiotic conditions of earthworm\uffe2\uff80\uff90invaded forests. Further, our study provides evidence that introduced earthworms are associated with declines in plant diversity in North American forests. Changing plant functional composition in these forests may have long\uffe2\uff80\uff90lasting effects on ecosystem functioning.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "NONNATIVE EARTHWORMS", "ECOSYSTEM ENGINEER", "introduced earthworms", "biological invasions", "SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT", "Forests", "01 natural sciences", "BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS", "GLOBAL METAANALYSIS", "HARDWOOD FORESTS", "Journal Article", "BIODIVERSITY CHANGE", "Animals", "ENDOGEIC EARTHWORMS", "earthworm invasion", "community composition", "Oligochaeta", "Ecosystem", "Biodiversity", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Primary Research Articles", "plant diversity", "United States", "plant communities", "meta-analysis", "Environmental sciences", "Ecology", " evolutionary biology", "13. Climate action", "TEMPERATE FORESTS", "INVASIVE EARTHWORMS", "Introduced Species"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.13446"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13446"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.13446", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.13446", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.13446"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14604", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-02-27", "title": "Effects of mesophyll conductance on vegetation responses to elevated CO 2 concentrations in a land surface model", "description": "AbstractMesophyll conductance (gm) is known to affect plant photosynthesis. However,gmis rarely explicitly considered in land surface models (LSMs), with the consequence that its role in ecosystem and large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale carbon and water fluxes is poorly understood. In particular, the different magnitudes ofgmacross plant functional types (PFTs) are expected to cause spatially divergent vegetation responses to elevated CO2concentrations. Here, an extensive literature compilation ofgmacross major vegetation types is used to parameterize an empirical model ofgmin the LSM JSBACH and to adjust photosynthetic parameters based on simulatedAn\uffc2\uffa0\uffe2\uff88\uff92\uffc2\uffa0Cicurves. We demonstrate that an explicit representation ofgmchanges the response of photosynthesis to environmental factors, which cannot be entirely compensated by adjusting photosynthetic parameters. These altered responses lead to changes in the photosynthetic sensitivity to atmospheric CO2concentrations which depend both on the magnitude ofgmand the climatic conditions, particularly temperature. We then conducted simulations under ambient and elevated (ambient\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0200\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol/mol) CO2concentrations for contrasting ecosystems and for historical and anticipated future climate conditions (representative concentration pathways; RCPs) globally. Thegm\uffe2\uff80\uff90explicit simulations using the RCP8.5 scenario resulted in significantly higher increases in gross primary productivity (GPP) in high latitudes (+10% to + 25%), intermediate increases in temperate regions (+5% to + 15%), and slightly lower to moderately higher responses in tropical regions (\uffe2\uff88\uff922% to +5%), which summed up to moderate GPP increases globally. Similar patterns were found for transpiration, but with a lower magnitude. Our results suggest that the effect of an explicit representation ofgmis most important for simulated carbon and water fluxes in the boreal zone, where a cold climate coincides with evergreen vegetation.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "550", "Climate", "mesophyll conductance", "photosynthetic CO sensitivity", "01 natural sciences", "land surface modeling", "Carbon Cycle", "03 medical and health sciences", "photosynthetic CO2 sensitivity", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "representative concentration pathways", "Photosynthesis", "Ecosystem", "580", "photosynthesis", "plants", "Temperature", "elevated CO concentrations", "carbon dioxide", "Carbon Dioxide", "Models", " Theoretical", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Primary Research Articles", "13. Climate action", "elevated CO2 concentrations"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.14604"}, {"href": "https://openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au/bitstream/1885/195677/5/01_Knauer_Effects_of_mesophyll_2019.pdf.jpg"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14604"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.14604", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.14604", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.14604"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-03-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/geb.13576", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:20:41Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-01", "title": "The coordination of green\u2013brown food webs and their disruption by anthropogenic nutrient inputs", "description": "AbstractAimOur goal was to quantify nitrogen flows and stocks in green\uffe2\uff80\uff93brown food webs in different ecosystems, how they differ across ecosystems and how they respond to nutrient enrichment.
LocationGlobal.
Time periodContemporary.
Major taxa studiedPlants, phytoplankton, macroalgae, invertebrates, vertebrates and zooplankton.
MethodsData from >500 studies were combined to estimate nitrogen stocks and fluxes in green\uffe2\uff80\uff93brown food webs in forests, grasslands, brackish environments, seagrass meadows, lakes and oceans. We compared the stocks, fluxes and metabolic rates of different functional groups within each food web. We also used these estimates to build a dynamical model to test the response of the ecosystems to nutrient enrichment.
ResultsWe found surprising symmetries between the green and brown channels across ecosystems, in their stocks, fluxes and consumption coefficients and mortality rates. We also found that nitrogen enrichment, either organic or inorganic, can disrupt this balance between the green and brown channels.
Main conclusionsLinking green and brown food webs reveals a previously hidden symmetry between herbivory and detritivory, which appears to be a widespread property of natural ecosystems but can be disrupted by anthropogenic nitrogen additions. Our findings indicate the importance of paleoclimatic information to improve quantitative predictions of global soil C stocks.
White lupin is an old crop with renewed interest due to its seed high protein content and high nutritional value. Despite a long domestication history in the Mediterranean basin, modern breeding efforts have been fairly scarce. Recent sequencing of its genome has provided tools for further description of genetic resources but detailed characterization of genomic diversity is still missing. Here, we report the genome sequencing of 39 accessions that were used to establish a white lupin pangenome. We defined 32\uffe2\uff80\uff89068 core genes that are present in all individuals and 14\uffe2\uff80\uff89822 that are absent in some and may represent a gene pool for breeding for improved productivity, grain quality, and stress adaptation. We used this new pangenome resource to identify candidate genes for alkaloid synthesis, a key grain quality trait. The white lupin pangenome provides a novel genetic resource to better understand how domestication has shaped the genomic variability within this crop. Thus, this pangenome resource is an important step towards the effective and efficient genetic improvement of white lupin to help meet the rapidly growing demand for plant protein sources for human and animal consumption.
", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "white lupin", "pangenome", "[SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49985", "630", "diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique (comme ressource)", "Domestication", "domestication", "03 medical and health sciences", "ressource g\u00e9n\u00e9tique v\u00e9g\u00e9tale", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_37418", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_37419", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3224", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33952", "Research Articles", "ressource g\u00e9n\u00e9tique animale", "2. Zero hunger", "0303 health sciences", "g\u00e9nome", "phytog\u00e9n\u00e9tique", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_27583", "Chromosome Mapping", "600", "s\u00e9quence nucl\u00e9otidique", "15. Life on land", "variation g\u00e9n\u00e9tique", "plant diversity", "[SDV.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology", "Lupinus", "Plant Breeding", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15975", "Genome", " Plant"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pbi.13678"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.13678"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Biotechnology%20Journal", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/pbi.13678", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/pbi.13678", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/pbi.13678"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.aar3599", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-12", "title": "Nitrogen isotope signature evidences ammonium deprotonation as a common transport mechanism for the AMT-Mep-Rh protein superfamily", "description": "Natural nitrogen isotopic signature reveals deprotonation during ammonium transport across living organisms.
Stable isotope labeling of agricultural polyesters enables demonstration of their microbial utilization in soils.
Isotopes pinpoint strong seasonal variations in black carbon sources with consistent patterns at sites around the Arctic.
Glass formed in the first nuclear detonation shows zinc loss by evaporation, indicating similar volatile loss during lunar formation.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "ABUNDANCES", "DIFFERENTIATION", "ISOTOPIC EVIDENCE", "ORIGIN", "13. Climate action", "WATER", "[SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]", "MANTLE", "POTASSIUM", "01 natural sciences", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1602668"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.1602668", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.1602668", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.1602668"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-02-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.1700407", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-10", "title": "Early formation of planetary building blocks inferred from Pb isotopic ages of chondrules", "description": "Age dating of meteorite inclusions suggests rapid formation of the building blocks of terrestrial planets within 1 My of the Sun.
", "keywords": ["Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)", "Geochemistry", "550", "13. Climate action", "0103 physical sciences", "[SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]", "500", "[SDU.ASTR.EP] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]", "FOS: Physical sciences", "Geokemi", "01 natural sciences", "Research Articles", "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700407"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.1700407", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.1700407", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.1700407"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-08-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.1700571", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-29", "title": "Gallium isotopic evidence for extensive volatile loss from the Moon during its formation", "description": "The Moon is depleted in volatile elements compared to Earth. Gallium isotopes indicate a global-scale evaporation event.
", "keywords": ["Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP)", "2. Zero hunger", "GIANT IMPACT", "FOS: Physical sciences", "MANTLE", "01 natural sciences", "LUNAR-SAMPLES", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "ZINC", "ABUNDANCES", "DIFFERENTIATION", "ROCKS", "13. Climate action", "IMPACT ORIGIN", "EARTH", "Research Articles", "MAGMA OCEAN", "Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700571"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.1700571", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.1700571", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.1700571"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.1700866", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-07-15", "title": "Climate warming promotes species diversity, but with greater taxonomic redundancy, in complex environments", "description": "Climate warming reduces biodiversity in simpler environments but enhances it in complex environments.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Nematoda", "Climate", "Biodiversity", "Environment", "Plants", "15. Life on land", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Animals", "DNA Barcoding", " Taxonomic", "Biomass", "14. Life underwater", "Research Articles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1700866"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.1700866", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.1700866", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.1700866"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-07-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-08-22", "title": "A keystone microbial enzyme for nitrogen control of soil carbon storage", "description": "Nitrogen-induced suppression of lignin-modifying enzyme activity contributes to soil carbon sequestration.
", "keywords": ["CHANGING ENVIRONMENT", "570", "550", "Nitrogen", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "Soil", "Bacterial Proteins", "Research Articles", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "Bacteria", "HETEROTROPHIC ACTIVITY", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Enzymes", "N DEPOSITION", "Multidisciplinary Sciences", "ORGANIC-MATTER", "BIOCHEMICAL-COMPOSITION", "TEMPERATE FOREST", "13. Climate action", "SUBTROPICAL FORESTS", "Science & Technology - Other Topics", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE DEPOSITION", "SIZE FRACTIONS", "CBIO"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.aaq1689"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-08-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.aaw2871", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-05-17", "title": "Angle-multiplexed all-dielectric metasurfaces for broadband molecular fingerprint retrieval", "description": "Angle-multiplexed dielectric metasurfaces enable sensitive molecular fingerprint detection without the need for spectrometry.
Climate change may considerably impact the carbon (C) dynamics and C stocks of forest soils. To assess the combined effects of warming and reduced precipitation on soil CO2 efflux, we conducted a two\uffe2\uff80\uff90way factorial manipulation experiment (4\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C soil warming\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0throughfall exclusion) in a temperate spruce forest from 2008 until 2010. Soil was warmed by heating cables throughout the growing seasons. Soil drought was simulated by throughfall exclusions with three 100\uffc2\uffa0m2 roofs during 25\uffc2\uffa0days in July/August 2008 and 2009. Soil warming permanently increased the CO2 efflux from soil, whereas throughfall exclusion led to a sharp decrease in soil CO2 efflux (45% and 50% reduction during roof installation in 2008 and 2009, respectively). In 2008, CO2 efflux did not recover after natural rewetting and remained lowered until autumn. In 2009, CO2 efflux recovered shortly after rewetting, but relapsed again for several weeks. Drought offset the increase in soil CO2 efflux by warming in 2008 (growing season CO2 efflux in t C\uffc2\uffa0ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921: control: 7.1\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa01.0; warmed: 9.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa01.7; warmed\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0roof: 7.4\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.3; roof: 5.9\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.4) and in 2009 (control: 7.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.8; warmed\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0roof: 8.3\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa01.0). Throughfall exclusion mainly affected the organic layer and the top 5\uffc2\uffa0cm of the mineral soil. Radiocarbon data suggest that heterotrophic and autotrophic respiration were affected to the same extent by soil warming and drying. Microbial biomass in the mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff935\uffc2\uffa0cm) was not affected by the treatments. Our results suggest that warming causes significant C losses from the soil as long as precipitation patterns remain steady at our site. If summer droughts become more severe in the future, warming induced C losses will likely be offset by reduced soil CO2 efflux during and after summer drought.
", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Primary Research Articles", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02696.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02696.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02696.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2012.02696.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-04-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.aax8787", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-01-25", "title": "The global-scale distributions of soil protists and their contributions to belowground systems", "description": "We studied the dominant protists found in soils across the globe and their contributions to belowground food webs.
Melting of recycled carbonate in the mantle explains the origin of carbonatitic magmas.
", "keywords": ["SILICATE ROCKS", "550", "CA CYCLE", "ORIGIN", "FRACTIONATION", "500", "NOBLE-GAS", "OLDOINYO-LENGAI", "01 natural sciences", "EVOLUTION", "12. Responsible consumption", "SUBDUCTION", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "13. Climate action", "CLINOPYROXENE", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "SERPENTINITES", "14. Life underwater", "Research Articles", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba3269"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20Advances", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1126/sciadv.aba3269", "name": "item", "description": "10.1126/sciadv.aba3269", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1126/sciadv.aba3269"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1126/sciadv.abb6546", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-06-26T16:21:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-16", "title": "Remobilization of dormant carbon from Siberian-Arctic permafrost during three past warming events", "description": "Arctic Ocean sediments reveal permafrost thaw and carbon release during three large warming events of the past 27,000 years.
Copper (Cu) is a cofactor of around 300 Arabidopsis proteins, including photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transfer chain enzymes critical for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and carbon fixation. Plant acclimation to Cu deficiency requires the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7 (SPL7). We report that in the wild type (WT) and in the spl7-1 mutant, respiratory electron flux via Cu-dependent cytochrome c oxidase is unaffected under both normal and low-Cu cultivation conditions. Supplementing Cu-deficient medium with exogenous sugar stimulated growth of the WT, but not of spl7 mutants. Instead, these mutants accumulated carbohydrates, including the signaling sugar trehalose 6-phosphate, as well as ATP and NADH, even under normal Cu supply and without sugar supplementation. Delayed spl7-1 development was in agreement with its attenuated sugar responsiveness. Functional TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN and SNF1-RELATED KINASE1 signaling in spl7-1 argued against fundamental defects in these energy-signaling hubs. Sequencing of chromatin immunoprecipitates combined with transcriptome profiling identified direct targets of SPL7-mediated positive regulation, including Fe SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE1 (FSD1), COPPER-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (CITF1), and the uncharacterized bHLH23 (CITF2), as well as an enriched upstream GTACTRC motif. In summary, transducing energy availability into growth and reproductive development requires the function of SPL7. Our results could help increase crop yields, especially on Cu-deficient soils.Copper (Cu) is a cofactor of around 300 Arabidopsis proteins, including photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron transfer chain enzymes critical for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production and carbon fixation. Plant acclimation to Cu deficiency requires the transcription factor SQUAMOSA PROMOTER-BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE7 (SPL7). We report that in the wild type (WT) and in the spl7-1 mutant, respiratory electron flux via Cu-dependent cytochrome c oxidase is unaffected under both normal and low-Cu cultivation conditions. Supplementing Cu-deficient medium with exogenous sugar stimulated growth of the WT, but not of spl7 mutants. Instead, these mutants accumulated carbohydrates, including the signaling sugar trehalose 6-phosphate, as well as ATP and NADH, even under normal Cu supply and without sugar supplementation. Delayed spl7-1 development was in agreement with its attenuated sugar responsiveness. Functional TARGET OF RAPAMYCIN and SNF1-RELATED KINASE1 signaling in spl7-1 argued against fundamental defects in these energy-signaling hubs. Sequencing of chromatin immunoprecipitates combined with transcriptome profiling identified direct targets of SPL7-mediated positive regulation, including Fe SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE1 (FSD1), COPPER-DEFICIENCY-INDUCED TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR1 (CITF1), and the uncharacterized bHLH23 (CITF2), as well as an enriched upstream GTACTRC motif. In summary, transducing energy availability into growth and reproductive development requires the function of SPL7. Our results could help increase crop yields, especially on Cu-deficient soils.Summer droughts strongly affect soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling, but net effects on SOC storage are unclear as drought affects both C inputs and outputs from soils. Here, we explored the overlooked role of soil fauna on SOC storage in forests, hypothesizing that soil faunal activity is particularly drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90sensitive, thereby reducing litter incorporation into the mineral soil and, eventually, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term SOC storage.
In a drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90prone pine forest (Switzerland), we performed a large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale irrigation experiment for 17\uffc2\uffa0years and assessed its impact on vertical SOC distribution and composition. We also examined litter mass loss of dominant tree species using different mesh\uffe2\uff80\uff90size litterbags and determined soil fauna abundance and community composition.
The 17\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90long irrigation resulted in a C loss in the organic layers (\uffe2\uff88\uff921.0\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and a comparable C gain in the mineral soil (+0.8\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and thus did not affect total SOC stocks. Irrigation increased the mass loss ofQuercus pubescensandViburnum lantanaleaf litter, with greater effect sizes when meso\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and macrofauna were included (+215%) than when excluded (+44%). The enhanced faunal\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated litter mass loss was paralleled by a many\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold increase in the abundance of meso\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and macrofauna during irrigation. Moreover, Acari and Collembola community composition shifted, with a higher presence of drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90sensitive species in irrigated soils. In comparison, microbial SOC mineralization was less sensitive to soil moisture. Our results suggest that the vertical redistribution of SOC with irrigation was mainly driven by faunal\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated litter incorporation, together with increased root C inputs.
Our study shows that soil fauna is highly sensitive to natural drought, which leads to a reduced C transfer from organic layers to the mineral soil. In the longer term, this potentially affects SOC storage and, therefore, soil fauna plays a key but so far largely overlooked role in shaping SOC responses to drought.Ongoing rapid arctic warming leads to extensive permafrost thaw, which in turn increases the hydrologic connectivity of the landscape by opening up subsurface flow paths. Suspended particulate organic matter (POM) has proven useful to trace permafrost thaw signals in arctic rivers, which may experience higher organic matter loads in the future due to expansion and increasing intensity of thaw processes such as thermokarst and river bank erosion. Here we focus on the Kolyma River watershed in Northeast Siberia, the world's largest watershed entirely underlain by continuous permafrost. To evaluate and characterize the present\uffe2\uff80\uff90day fluvial release of POM from permafrost thaw, we collected water samples every 4\uffe2\uff80\uff937 days during the 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90month open water season in 2013 and 2015 from the lower Kolyma River mainstem and from a small nearby headwater stream (Y3) draining an area completely underlain by Yedoma permafrost (Pleistocene ice\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and organic\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich deposits). Concentrations of particulate organic carbon generally followed the hydrograph with the highest concentrations during the spring flood in late May/early June. For the Kolyma River, concentrations of dissolved organic carbon showed a similar behavior, in contrast to the headwater stream, where dissolved organic carbon values were generally higher and particulate organic carbon concentrations lower than for Kolyma. Carbon isotope analysis (\uffce\uffb413C, \uffce\uff9414C) suggested Kolyma\uffe2\uff80\uff90POM to stem from both contemporary and older permafrost sources, while Y3\uffe2\uff80\uff90POM was more strongly influenced by in\uffe2\uff80\uff90stream production and recent vegetation. Lipid biomarker concentrations (high\uffe2\uff80\uff90molecular\uffe2\uff80\uff90weight n\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkanoic acids and n\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkanes) did not display clear seasonal patterns, yet implied Y3\uffe2\uff80\uff90POM to be more degraded than Kolyma\uffe2\uff80\uff90POM.In Arctic regions, thawing permafrost soils are projected to release 50 to 250 Gt of carbon by 2100. This data is mostly derived from carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich wetlands, although 71% of this carbon pool is stored in faster\uffe2\uff80\uff90thawing mineral soils, where ecosystems close to the outer boundaries of permafrost regions are especially vulnerable. Although extensive data exists from currently thawing sites and short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term thawing experiments, investigations of the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term changes following final thaw and co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurring drainage are scarce. Here we show ecosystem changes at two comparable tussock tundra sites with distinct permafrost thaw histories, representing 15 and 25\uffc2\uffa0years of natural drainage, that resulted in a 10\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold decrease in CH4 emissions (3.2\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.2 vs. 0.3\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa00.4\uffc2\uffa0mg C\uffe2\uff80\uff90CH4\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0day\uffe2\uff88\uff921), while CO2 emissions were comparable. These data extend the time perspective from earlier studies based on short\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental drainage. The overall microbial community structures did not differ significantly between sites, although the drier top soils at the most advanced site led to a loss of methanogens and their syntrophic partners in surface layers while the abundance of methanotrophs remained unchanged. The resulting deeper aeration zones likely increased CH4 oxidation due to the longer residence time of CH4 in the oxidation zone, while the observed loss of aerenchyma plants reduced CH4 diffusion from deeper soil layers directly to the atmosphere. Our findings highlight the importance of including hydrological, vegetation and microbial specific responses when studying long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of climate change on CH4 emissions and underscores the need for data from different soil types and thaw histories.The pedogenesis from the mineral substrate released upon glacier melting has been explained with the succession of consortia of pioneer microorganisms, whose structure and functionality are determined by the environmental conditions developing in the moraine. However, the microbiome variability that can be expected in the environmentally heterogeneous niches occurring in a moraine at a given successional stage is poorly investigated. In a 50\uffe2\uff80\uff89m2 area in the forefield of the Lobuche glacier (Himalayas, 5050\uffe2\uff80\uff89m above sea level), we studied six sites of primary colonization presenting different topographical features (orientation, elevation and slope) and harbouring greyish/dark biological soil crusts (BSCs). The spatial vicinity of the sites opposed to their topographical differences, allowed us to examine the effect of environmental conditions independently from the time of deglaciation. The bacterial microbiome diversity and their co\uffe2\uff80\uff90occurrence network, the bacterial metabolisms predicted from 16S rRNA gene high\uffe2\uff80\uff90throughput sequencing, and the microbiome intact polar lipids were investigated in the BSCs and the underlying sediment deep layers (DLs). Different bacterial microbiomes inhabited the BSCs and the DLs, and their composition varied among sites, indicating a niche\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific role of the micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90environmental conditions in the bacterial communities' assembly. In the heterogeneous sediments of glacier moraines, physico\uffe2\uff80\uff90chemical and micro\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic variations at the site\uffe2\uff80\uff90spatial scale are crucial in shaping the microbiome microvariability and structuring the pioneer bacterial communities during pedogenesis.Increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is a promising way to mitigate the increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration. Based on a simple ratio between CO2 anthropogenic emissions and SOC stocks worldwide, it has been suggested that a 0.4% (4 per 1000) yearly increase in SOC stocks could compensate for current anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Here, we used a reverse RothC modelling approach to estimate the amount of C inputs to soils required to sustain current SOC stocks and to increase them by 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 per year over a period of 30\uffc2\uffa0years. We assessed the feasibility of this aspirational target first by comparing the required C input with net primary productivity (NPP) flowing to the soil, and second by considering the SOC saturation concept. Calculations were performed for mainland France, at a 1\uffc2\uffa0km grid cell resolution. Results showed that a 30%\uffe2\uff80\uff9340% increase in C inputs to soil would be needed to obtain a 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 increase per year over a 30\uffe2\uff80\uff90year period. 88.4% of cropland areas were considered unsaturated in terms of mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated SOC, but characterized by a below target C balance, that is, less NPP available than required to reach the 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 aspirational target. Conversely, 90.4% of unimproved grasslands were characterized by an above target C balance, that is, enough NPP to reach the 4\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 objective, but 59.1% were also saturated. The situation of improved grasslands and forests was more evenly distributed among the four categories (saturated vs. unsaturated and above vs below target C balance). Future data from soil monitoring networks should enable to validate these results. Overall, our results suggest that, for mainland France, priorities should be (1) to increase NPP returns in cropland soils that are unsaturated and have a below target carbon balance and (2) to preserve SOC stocks in other land uses.Unprecedented nitrogen (N) inputs into terrestrial ecosystems have profoundly altered soil N cycling. Ammonia oxidizers and denitrifiers are the main producers of nitrous oxide (N2O), but it remains unclear how ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances will respond to N loading and whether their responses can predict N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in soil N2O emission. By synthesizing 101 field studies worldwide, we showed that N loading significantly increased ammonia oxidizer abundance by 107% and denitrifier abundance by 45%. The increases in both ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances were primarily explained by N loading form, and more specifically, organic N loading had stronger effects on their abundances than mineral N loading. Nitrogen loading increased soil N2O emission by 261%, whereas there was no clear relationship between changes in soil N2O emission and shifts in ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances. Our field\uffe2\uff80\uff90based results challenge the laboratory\uffe2\uff80\uff90based hypothesis that increased ammonia oxidizer and denitrifier abundances by N loading would directly cause higher soil N2O emission. Instead, key abiotic factors (mean annual precipitation, soil pH, soil C:N ratio, and ecosystem type) explained N\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced changes in soil N2O emission. Altogether, these findings highlight the need for considering the roles of key abiotic factors in regulating soil N transformations under N loading to better understand the microbially mediated soil N2O emission. Acid phosphatases are enzymes that play a crucial role in the hydrolysis of various organophosphorous molecules. A putative acid phosphatase called FS6 was identified using genetic profiles and sequences from different environments. FS6 showed high sequence similarity to type C acid phosphatases and retained more than 30% of consensus residues in its protein sequence. A histidine\uffe2\uff80\uff90tagged recombinant FS6 produced in Escherichia coli exhibited extremophile properties, functioning effectively in a broad pH range between 3.5 and 8.5. The enzyme demonstrated optimal activity at temperatures between 25 and 50\uffc2\uffb0C, with a melting temperature of 51.6\uffc2\uffb0C. Kinetic parameters were determined using various substrates, and the reaction catalysed by FS6 with physiological substrates was at least 100\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold more efficient than with p\uffe2\uff80\uff90 nitrophenyl phosphate. Furthermore, FS6 was found to be a decamer in solution, unlike the dimeric forms of crystallized proteins in its family. This work proves the feasibility of dechlorinating 2,4\uffe2\uff80\uff90D, a customary commercial herbicide, using cathodic electrocatalysis driven by the anodic microbial electrooxidation of sodium acetate. A set of microbial electrochemical systems (MES) were run under two different operating modes, namely microbial fuel cell (MFC) mode, with an external resistance of 120\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffce\uffa9, or microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) mode, by supplying external voltage (0.6\uffe2\uff80\uff89V) for promoting the (bio)electrochemical reactions taking place. When operating the MES as an MFC, 32% dechlorination was obtained after 72\uffe2\uff80\uff89h of treatment, which was further enhanced by working under MEC mode and achieving a 79% dechlorination. In addition, the biodegradability (expressed as the ratio BOD/COD ) of the synthetic polluted wastewater was tested prior and after the MES treatment, which was improved from negative values (corresponding to toxic effluents) up to 0.135 in the MFC and 0.453 in the MEC. Our MES approach proves to be a favourable option from the point of view of energy consumption. Running the system under MFC mode allowed to co\uffe2\uff80\uff90generate energy along the dechlorination process (\uffe2\uff88\uff920.0120\uffe2\uff80\uff89kWh\uffe2\uff80\uff89mol \uffe2\uff88\uff921 ), even though low removal rates were attained. The energy input under MEC operation was 1.03\uffe2\uff80\uff89kWh\uffe2\uff80\uff89mol \uffe2\uff88\uff921 \uffe2\uff80\uff94a competitive value compared to previous works reported in the literature for (non\uffe2\uff80\uff90biological) electrochemical reactors for 2,4\uffe2\uff80\uff90D electrodechlorination. 108 \u2009CFUs\u2009ml-1 ), suggesting that SA187 is able to evade or suppress the plant defence system at lower titres. Although SA187 flagellin epitopes are recognized by the FLS2 receptor, SA187-triggered salt tolerance functions independently of the FLS2 system. In contrast, overexpression of the chitin receptor components LYK4 and LYK5 compromised the beneficial effect of SA187 on Arabidopsis, while it was enhanced in lyk4 mutant plants. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the role of LYK4 is intertwined with a function in remodelling defence responses with growth and root developmental processes. LYK4 interferes with modification of plant ethylene homeostasis by Enterobacter SA187 to boost salt stress resistance. Collectively, these results contribute to unlock the crosstalk between components of the plant immune system and beneficial microbes and point to a new role for the Lys-motif receptor LYK4 in beneficial plant-microbe interaction.", "keywords": ["580", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "570", "Arabidopsis Proteins", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Arabidopsis", "Enterobacter", "Plant Immunity", "Salt Tolerance", "Microbiology", "Ecology", " Evolution", " Behavior and Systematics", "Research Articles"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/895359/2/Environmental%20Microbiology%20-%202021%20-%20Rolli%20-%20The%20Lys%e2%80%90motif%20receptor%20LYK4%20mediates%20Enterobacter%20sp%20%20SA187%20triggered%20salt.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10754/675134"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10754/675134", "name": "item", "description": "10754/675134", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10754/675134"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11245.1/67ae61cb-c507-4ce5-9833-6d30e3b69e31", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-06-26T16:28:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-13", "title": "Root litter decomposition is suppressed in species mixtures and in the presence of living roots", "description": "Abstract
Plant species diversity and identity can significantly modify litter decomposition, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, particularly for root litter. Here, we aimed to disentangle the mechanisms by which plant species diversity alters root litter decomposition. We hypothesised that (1) interactions between species in mixed communities result in litter that decomposes faster than litter produced in monocultures; (2) litter decomposition is accelerated in the presence of living plants, especially when the litter and living plant identities are matched (known as home\uffe2\uff80\uff90field advantage).
Monocultures and a mixture of four common grassland species were established to obtain individual litter and a \uffe2\uff80\uff98natural\uffe2\uff80\uff99 root litter mixture. An \uffe2\uff80\uff98artificial\uffe2\uff80\uff99 mixed litter was created using litter from monocultures, mixed in the same proportions as the species composition in the natural litter mixtures based on qPCR measurements. These six root litter types were incubated in four monocultures, a four\uffe2\uff80\uff90species mixture and an unplanted soil.
Root decomposition was strongly affected by root litter identity and the presence, but not diversity, of living roots. Mixed\uffe2\uff80\uff90species litter decomposed slower than expected based on the decomposition of single\uffe2\uff80\uff90species litters. In addition, the presence of living roots suppressed decomposition independent of the match between litter and living plant identities. Decomposition was not significantly different between the \uffe2\uff80\uff98natural\uffe2\uff80\uff99 and \uffe2\uff80\uff98artificial\uffe2\uff80\uff99 root litter mixtures, indicating that root\uffe2\uff80\uff90root interactions in species mixtures did not affect root chemical quality.
Synthesis . Suppressed decomposition in the presence of living roots indicates that interactions between microbial communities associated with living roots and root litter control root litter decomposition. As we found no support for the importance of home\uffe2\uff80\uff90field advantage or interspecific root interactions in modifying decomposition, suppressed decomposition of mixed\uffe2\uff80\uff90species litter seems to be primarily driven by chemical rather than biotic interactions.
Isotopes pinpoint strong seasonal variations in black carbon sources with consistent patterns at sites around the Arctic.
We show how a combination of X-ray computed tomography (X-CT) and image-based modelling can be used to calculate the effect of moisture content and compaction on the macroscopic structural properties of soil. Our method is based on the equations derived in Daly & Roose (2018 Proc. R. Soc. A 474 , 20170141. ( doi:10.1098/rspa.2017.0141 )), which we have extended so they can be directly applied to the segmented images obtained from X-CT. We assume that the soils are composed of air-filled pore space, solid mineral grains and a mixed phase composed of both clay particles and water. We considered three different initial soil treatments, composed of two different compaction levels and two different moisture contents. We found that the effective properties of the soils were unaffected by compaction over the range tested in this paper. However, changing the moisture content significantly altered the hydraulic and mechanical properties of the soils. A key strength of this method is that it enables the optimization or even design of soils composed from different constituents, with specific mechanical and hydraulic properties. Understanding the role of soil moisture and other controls in runoff generation is important for predicting runoff across scales. This paper aims to identify the degree of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linearity of the relationship between event peak runoff and potential controls for different runoff generation mechanisms in a small agricultural catchment. The study is set in the 66\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha Hydrological Open Air Laboratory, Austria, where discharge was measured at the catchment outlet and for 11 sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90catchments or hillslopes with different runoff generation mechanisms. Peak runoff of 73 events was related to three potential controls: event precipitation, soil moisture and groundwater levels. The results suggest that the hillslopes dominated by ephemeral overland flow exhibit the most non\uffe2\uff80\uff90linear runoff generation behaviour for its controls; runoff is only generated above a threshold of 95% of the maximum soil moisture. Runoff generation through tile drains and in wetlands is more linear. The largest winter and spring events at the catchment outlet are caused by runoff from hillslopes with shallow flow paths (ephemeral overland flow and tile drainage mechanisms), while the largest summer events are caused by other hillslopes, those with deeper flow paths or with saturation areas throughout the year. Therefore, the response of the entire catchment is a mix of the various mechanisms, and the groundwater contribution makes the response more linear. The implications for hydrological modelling are discussed. Angle-multiplexed dielectric metasurfaces enable sensitive molecular fingerprint detection without the need for spectrometry.
Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2\uffc2\uffa0m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90km2resolution for 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 and 5\uffe2\uff80\uff9315\uffc2\uffa0cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1\uffe2\uff80\uff90km2pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse\uffe2\uff80\uff90grained air temperature estimates from ERA5\uffe2\uff80\uff90Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10\uffc2\uffb0C (mean\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa03.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.1\uffc2\uffb0C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.3\uffc2\uffb0C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (\uffe2\uff88\uff920.7\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa02.3\uffc2\uffb0C). The observed substantial and biome\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil\uffe2\uff80\uff90related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.Climate and land use models predict that tropical deforestation and conversion to cropland will produce a large flux of soil carbon (C) to the atmosphere from accelerated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). However, the C flux from the deep tropical soils on which most intensive crop agriculture is now expanding remains poorly constrained. To quantify the effect of intensive agriculture on tropical soil C, we compared C stocks, radiocarbon, and stable C isotopes to 2\uffc2\uffa0m depth from forests and soybean cropland created from former pasture in Mato Grosso, Brazil. We hypothesized that soil disturbance, higher soil temperatures (+2\uffc2\uffb0C), and lower OM inputs from soybeans would increase soil C turnover and deplete C stocks relative to nearby forest soils. However, we found reduced C concentrations and stocks only in surface soils (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm) of soybean cropland compared with forests, and these differences could be explained by soil mixing during plowing. The amount and \uffce\uff9414C of respired CO2 to 50\uffc2\uffa0cm depth were significantly lower from soybean soils, yet CO2 production at 2\uffc2\uffa0m deep was low in both forest and soybean soils. Mean surface soil \uffce\uffb413C decreased by 0.5\uffe2\uff80\uffb0 between 2009 and 2013 in soybean cropland, suggesting low OM inputs from soybeans. Together these findings suggest the following: (1) soil C is relatively resistant to changes in land use and (2) conversion to cropland caused a small, measurable reduction in the fast\uffe2\uff80\uff90cycling C pool through reduced OM inputs, mobilization of older C from soil mixing, and/or destabilization of SOM in surface soils. Our findings indicate the importance of paleoclimatic information to improve quantitative predictions of global soil C stocks. We studied the dominant protists found in soils across the globe and their contributions to belowground food webs. Stable isotope labeling of agricultural polyesters enables demonstration of their microbial utilization in soils.
Salt marshes are unique habitats between sea or saline lakes and land that need to be conserved from the effects of global change. Understanding the variation in functional structure of plant community along environmental gradients is critical to predict the response of plant communities to ongoing environmental changes. We evaluated the changes in the functional structure of halophytic communities along soil gradients including salinity, in Iranian salt marshes; Lake Urmia, Lake Meyghan, Musa estuary, and Nayband Bay (Iran). We established 48 plots from 16 sites in four salt marshes and sampled 10 leaves per species to measure leaf functional traits. Five soil samples were sampled from each plot and 30 variables were analyzed. We examined the changes in the functional structure of plant communities (i.e., functional diversity [FD] and community weighted mean [CWM]) along local soil gradients using linear mixed effect models. Our results showed that FD and CWM of leaf thickness tended to increase with salinity, while those indices related to leaf shape decreased following soil potassium content. Our results suggest that the variations in functional structure of plant communities along local soil gradients reveal the effect of different ecological processes (e.g., niche differentiation related to the habitat heterogeneity) that drive the assembly of halophytic plant communities in SW Asian salt marshes.Given the importance of soil for the global carbon cycle, it is essential to understand not only how much carbon soil stores but also how long this carbon persists. Previous studies have shown that the amount and age of soil carbon are strongly affected by the interaction of climate, vegetation, and mineralogy. However, these findings are primarily based on studies from temperate regions and from fine\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale studies, leaving large knowledge gaps for soils from understudied regions such as sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90Saharan Africa. In addition, there is a lack of data to validate modeled soil C dynamics at broad scales. Here, we present insights into organic carbon cycling, based on a new broad\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale radiocarbon and mineral dataset for sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90Saharan Africa. We found that in moderately weathered soils in seasonal climate zones with poorly crystalline and reactive clay minerals, organic carbon persists longer on average (topsoil: 201\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89130\uffe2\uff80\uff89years; subsoil: 645\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89385\uffe2\uff80\uff89years) than in highly weathered soils in humid regions (topsoil: 140\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff8946\uffe2\uff80\uff89years; subsoil: 454\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89247\uffe2\uff80\uff89years) with less reactive minerals. Soils in arid climate zones (topsoil: 396\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89339\uffe2\uff80\uff89years; subsoil: 963\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb1\uffe2\uff80\uff89669\uffe2\uff80\uff89years) store organic carbon for periods more similar to those in seasonal climate zones, likely reflecting climatic constraints on weathering, carbon inputs and microbial decomposition. These insights into the timescales of organic carbon persistence in soils of sub\uffe2\uff80\uff90Saharan Africa suggest that a process\uffe2\uff80\uff90oriented grouping of soils based on pedo\uffe2\uff80\uff90climatic conditions may be useful to improve predictions of soil responses to climate change at broader scales.Ongoing permafrost thaw in the Arctic may remobilize large amounts of old organic matter. Upon transport to the Siberian shelf seas, this material may be degraded and released to the atmosphere, exported off\uffe2\uff80\uff90shelf, or buried in the sediments. While our understanding of the fate of permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived organic matter in shelf waters is improving, poor constraints remain regarding degradation in sediments. Here we use an extensive data set of organic carbon concentrations and isotopes (n\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0109) to inventory terrigenous organic carbon (terrOC) in surficial sediments of the Laptev and East Siberian Seas (LS\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0ESS). Of these ~2.7 Tg terrOC about 55% appear resistant to degradation on a millennial timescale. A first\uffe2\uff80\uff90order degradation rate constant of 1.5\uffc2\uffa0kyr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 is derived by combining a previously established relationship between water depth and cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90shelf sediment\uffe2\uff80\uff90terrOC transport time with mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated terrOC loadings. This yields a terrOC degradation flux of ~1.7\uffc2\uffa0Gg/year from surficial sediments during cross\uffe2\uff80\uff90shelf transport, which is orders of magnitude lower than earlier estimates for degradation fluxes of dissolved and particulate terrOC in the water column of the LS\uffc2\uffa0+\uffc2\uffa0ESS. The difference is mainly due to the low degradation rate constant of sedimentary terrOC, likely caused by a combination of factors: (i) the lower availability of oxygen in the sediments compared to fully oxygenated waters, (ii) the stabilizing role of terrOC\uffe2\uff80\uff90mineral associations, and (iii) the higher proportion of material that is intrinsically recalcitrant due to its chemical/molecular structure in sediments. Sequestration of permafrost\uffe2\uff80\uff90released terrOC in shelf sediments may thereby attenuate the otherwise expected permafrost carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate feedback.Climate warming is expected to destabilize permafrost carbon (PF\uffe2\uff80\uff90C) by thaw\uffe2\uff80\uff90erosion and deepening of the seasonally thawed active layer and thereby promote PF\uffe2\uff80\uff90C mineralization to CO2 and CH4. A similar PF\uffe2\uff80\uff90C remobilization might have contributed to the increase in atmospheric CO2 during deglacial warming after the last glacial maximum. Using carbon isotopes and terrestrial biomarkers (\uffce\uff9414C, \uffce\uffb413C, and lignin phenols), this study quantifies deposition of terrestrial carbon originating from permafrost in sediments from the Chukchi Sea (core SWERUS\uffe2\uff80\uff90L2\uffe2\uff80\uff904\uffe2\uff80\uff90PC1). The sediment core reconstructs remobilization of permafrost carbon during the late Aller\uffc3\uffb8d warm period starting at 13,000\uffc2\uffa0cal\uffc2\uffa0years before present (BP), the Younger Dryas, and the early Holocene warming until 11,000\uffc2\uffa0cal\uffc2\uffa0years BP and compares this period with the late Holocene, from 3,650\uffc2\uffa0years BP until present. Dual\uffe2\uff80\uff90carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90isotope\uffe2\uff80\uff90based source apportionment demonstrates that Ice Complex Deposit\uffe2\uff80\uff94ice\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich permafrost from the late Pleistocene (also referred to as Yedoma)\uffe2\uff80\uff94was the dominant source of organic carbon (66\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa08%; mean\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa0standard deviation) to sediments during the end of the deglaciation, with fluxes more than twice as high (8.0\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa04.6\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7year\uffe2\uff88\uff921) as in the late Holocene (3.1\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa01.0\uffc2\uffa0g\uffc2\uffb7m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffb7year\uffe2\uff88\uff921). These results are consistent with late deglacial PF\uffe2\uff80\uff90C remobilization observed in a Laptev Sea record, yet in contrast with PF\uffe2\uff80\uff90C sources, which at that location were dominated by active layer material from the Lena River watershed. Release of dormant PF\uffe2\uff80\uff90C from erosion of coastal permafrost during the end of the last deglaciation indicates vulnerability of Ice Complex Deposit in response to future warming and sea level changes.