Our objective was to test how a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term increased water limitation affects structural and functional properties of a Mediterranean ecosystem, and how these changes modify the response of the main carbon fluxes to climatic controls. In 2003, a 27% throughfall exclusion experiment was installed in a Quercus ilex L. forest in France. Gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were estimated in a control and a dry treatment. Decreasing throughfall decreased GPP by 14% and had a smaller effect on RECO (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), especially soil respiration RS (\uffe2\uff88\uff9211%). Interannual variability of GPP (29%) was higher than for RECO (12%). Error propagation was used to estimates uncertainties in the NEE fluxes, which ranged from 3% to 10% in the control treatment but up to 167% for NEE in the dry treatment because more steps and data types were involved in the scaling. After 3 years of throughfall exclusion, we found no acclimation of RS to climatic drivers. Functional properties of the response of RS to soil water, temperature and rain pulse remained similar in the control and the dry treatments. A diurnal clockwise hysteresis in RS was probably controlled by canopy photosynthesis with a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83h lag. The proportion of diurnal variation of respiration due to photosynthesis was similar in all treatments (4\uffe2\uff80\uff935%). Because of the characteristic of rain in Mediterranean climates, a continuous decrease of water input in these environments have an effect on topsoil water and consequently on RS only during short periods when rainfall is characterized by infrequent and small events that does not allow the topsoil to reach field capacity and does not allow to dry completely. However, in the longer term, we expect a stronger decrease in RS in the dry treatment driven by the decrease in GPP.
", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "550", "15. Life on land", "gross primary production", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Quercus ilex", "throughfall exclusion", "13. Climate action", "rain pulse", "eddy-covariance", "Q(10)", "error propagation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:24:51Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data on soil compounds, respiration and incorporation of 13C-labeled substrate", "description": "Open AccessSee Readme.pdf", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "microdialysis", "respiration rates", "compound concentration in soil solution", "PLFA and NLFA", "13C isotopic labeling", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Wiesenbauer, Julia, Kaiser, Christina,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.8109600", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.8109600"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.4542881", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:24:29Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Total and partitioned soil respiration and below-ground carbon budget in SAFE intensive carbon plots", "description": "Description: This dataset contains two parts:Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are large reservoirs of organic carbon1,2. Climate warming may stimulate ecosystem respiration and release carbon into the atmosphere3,4. The magnitude and persistency of this stimulation and the environmental mechanisms that drive its variation remain uncertain5\uffe2\uff80\uff937. This hampers the accuracy of global land carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff93climate feedback projections7,8. Here we synthesize 136 datasets from 56 open-top chamber in situ warming experiments located at 28 arctic and alpine tundra sites which have been running for less than 1\uffe2\uff80\uff89year up to 25\uffe2\uff80\uff89years. We show that a mean rise of 1.4\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb0C [confidence interval (CI) 0.9\uffe2\uff80\uff932.0\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb0C] in air and 0.4\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb0C [CI 0.2\uffe2\uff80\uff930.7\uffe2\uff80\uff89\uffc2\uffb0C] in soil temperature results in an increase in growing season ecosystem respiration by 30% [CI 22\uffe2\uff80\uff9338%] (n\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89136). Our findings indicate that the stimulation of ecosystem respiration was due to increases in both plant-related and microbial respiration (n\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff899) and continued for at least 25\uffe2\uff80\uff89years (n\uffe2\uff80\uff89=\uffe2\uff80\uff89136). The magnitude of the warming effects on respiration was driven by variation in warming-induced changes in local soil conditions, that is, changes in total nitrogen concentration and pH and by context-dependent spatial variation in these conditions, in particular total nitrogen concentration and the carbon:nitrogen ratio. Tundra sites with stronger nitrogen limitations and sites in which warming had stimulated plant and microbial nutrient turnover seemed particularly sensitive in their respiration response to warming. The results highlight the importance of local soil conditions and warming-induced changes therein for future climatic impacts on respiration.Soil carbon (C) is a critical component of Earth system models (ESMs), and its diverse representations are a major source of the large spread across models in the terrestrial C sink from the third to fifth assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Improving soil C projections is of a high priority for Earth system modeling in the future IPCC and other assessments. To achieve this goal, we suggest that (1) model structures should reflect real\uffe2\uff80\uff90world processes, (2) parameters should be calibrated to match model outputs with observations, and (3) external forcing variables should accurately prescribe the environmental conditions that soils experience. First, most soil C cycle models simulate C input from litter production and C release through decomposition. The latter process has traditionally been represented by first\uffe2\uff80\uff90order decay functions, regulated primarily by temperature, moisture, litter quality, and soil texture. While this formulation well captures macroscopic soil organic C (SOC) dynamics, better understanding is needed of their underlying mechanisms as related to microbial processes, depth\uffe2\uff80\uff90dependent environmental controls, and other processes that strongly affect soil C dynamics. Second, incomplete use of observations in model parameterization is a major cause of bias in soil C projections from ESMs. Optimal parameter calibration with both pool\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and flux\uffe2\uff80\uff90based data sets through data assimilation is among the highest priorities for near\uffe2\uff80\uff90term research to reduce biases among ESMs. Third, external variables are represented inconsistently among ESMs, leading to differences in modeled soil C dynamics. We recommend the implementation of traceability analyses to identify how external variables and model parameterizations influence SOC dynamics in different ESMs. Overall, projections of the terrestrial C sink can be substantially improved when reliable data sets are available to select the most representative model structure, constrain parameters, and prescribe forcing fields.
", "keywords": ["550", "LAND MODELS", "Oceanography", "HETEROTROPHIC RESPIRATION", "01 natural sciences", "Atmospheric Sciences", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION", "ORGANIC-CARBON", "Geoinformatics", "GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE", "DATA-ASSIMILATION", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY", "CMIP5", "MICROBIAL MODELS", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", "Atmosphere", "[SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean", " Atmosphere", "500", "Earth system models", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS", "Climate Action", "Geochemistry", "Climate change impacts and adaptation", "realistic projections", "13. Climate action", "recommendations", "Earth Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon dynamics", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation", "Environmental Sciences", "PARAMETER-ESTIMATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt1pw7g2r2/qt1pw7g2r2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gb005239"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2015gb005239", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2015gb005239", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2015gb005239"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "0e018dea-ab53-461f-b454-2eaaca8c765c", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[6.67, 47.98], [6.67, 51.27], [10.81, 51.27], [10.81, 47.98], [6.67, 47.98]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}, {"id": "winter wheat"}, {"id": "spring barley"}, {"id": "organic fertilizers"}, {"id": "ammonium"}, {"id": "nitrates"}, {"id": "protein quality"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata; Wheat"}, {"id": "barley"}, {"id": "organic agriculture"}, {"id": "Rhizosphere soil"}, {"id": "bulk soil"}, {"id": "microbial biomass"}, {"id": "microrespiration"}, {"id": "meta-barcode sequencing of bacterial community"}, {"id": "quantification of bacterial inoculant"}, {"id": "gluten"}, {"id": "HMW"}, {"id": "hordein"}, {"id": "ProteinZ"}, {"id": "bread quality"}, {"id": "grain storage protein"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}], "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the Rhizo4Bio - bread and beer's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the Rhizo4Bio - bread and beer and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the Rhizo4Bio - bread and beer and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The Rhizo4Bio - bread and beer and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2024-08-22", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2024-07-18", "language": "eng", "title": "Production of wheat and barley under reduced input in organic farming - Soil parameters for season I and II", "description": "During the last decades, organic farming has undergone a notable expansion as a common agricultural practice throughout the world. This, together with an increasing demand for fertilizer and pesticide reduction has led to consider different and new approaches. We investigate the effect of Hartmannibacter diazotrophicus strain E19, a plant growth promoting rhizobacterium, in order to enhance the production of wheat and barley under low energy input. For that, we analyze the effect of three factors: organic fertilizer (with and without, only wheat), row distance (15 cm and 50 cm), and bacterial inoculation (E19 and control) at two different organic experimental field stations (Gladbacherhof and Kleinhohenheim). The dataset provides information about different parameter determined from rhizosphere soil and root samples collected at two different developmental stages (flowering and milk/fully ripe), as well as, the grain yield, straw yield, 1000 kernel mass, and seed quality during the seasons 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. The following soil parameter were evaluated: ammonium, nitrate, carbon-nitrogen ratio, microbial biomass, the respiration activity using different carbon sources (glucose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, arginine). These data sets are currently under evaluation and complemented with the quantification from root samples through quantitative PCR (qPCR) of strain E19 and the metabarcoding sequencing of the bacterial communities based on 16S rRNA genes obtained from rhizosphere soil samples during the two seasons. Soil parameter data\n\nRelated datasets are listed in the metadata element 'Related Identifier'.\nDataset version 1.0", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "winter wheat", "spring barley", "organic fertilizers", "ammonium", "nitrates", "protein quality", "opendata; Wheat", "barley", "organic agriculture", "Rhizosphere soil", "bulk soil", "microbial biomass", "microrespiration", "meta-barcode sequencing of bacterial community", "quantification of bacterial inoculant", "gluten", "HMW", "hordein", "ProteinZ", "bread quality", "grain storage protein", "Boden"], "contacts": [{"name": "Santiago Quiroga", "organization": "Justus-Liebig University Giessen", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Santiago.Quiroga@umwelt.uni-giessen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0009-0001-1392-8241", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Sylvia Schnell", "organization": "Justus-Liebig University Giessen", "position": null, "roles": ["projectLeader"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sylvia.schnell@umwelt.uni-giessen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-3903-6089", "name_url": "", "description": "orcid", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "ZALF", "organization": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": "Germany"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}, {"name": "Stefan Ratering", "organization": "Justus-Liebig University Giessen", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Stefan.Ratering@umwelt.uni-giessen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0001-7572-6306", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Azin Rekowski", "organization": "University of Hohenheim", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "azin.ghabelrahmat@uni-hohenheim.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-0179-663X", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Christian Z\u00f6rb", "organization": "University of Hohenheim", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "Christian.zoerb@uni-hohenheim.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-0000-5138", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"name": "Sylvia Schnell", "organization": "Justus-Liebig University Giessen", "position": null, "roles": ["author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sylvia.schnell@umwelt.uni-giessen.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": [null], "city": null, "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": null, "country": null}], "links": [{"href": {"url": null, "protocol": null, "protocol_url": "", "name": "0000-0003-3903-6089", "name_url": "", "description": "ORCID", "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": null}}]}, {"organization": "University of Hohenheim;Justus-Liebig University Giessen", "roles": ["contributor"]}], "title_alternate": "LTE: Part 1/5, table: Soil parameters for season I and II"}, "links": [{"href": "https://maps.bonares.de/mapapps/resources/apps/bonares/index.html?lang=en&mid=0e018dea-ab53-461f-b454-2eaaca8c7gmd:65c", "rel": "download"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/0e018dea-ab53-461f-b454-2eaaca8c765c", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "0e018dea-ab53-461f-b454-2eaaca8c765c", "name": "item", "description": "0e018dea-ab53-461f-b454-2eaaca8c765c", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/0e018dea-ab53-461f-b454-2eaaca8c765c"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-08-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-01-11", "title": "Grazing Exclusion Reduced Soil Respiration But Increased Its Temperature Sensitivity In A Meadow Grassland On The Tibetan Plateau", "description": "AbstractUnderstanding anthropogenic influences on soil respiration (Rs) is critical for accurate predictions of soil carbon fluxes, but it is not known how Rs responds to grazing exclusion (GE). Here, we conducted a manipulative experiment in a meadow grassland on the Tibetan Plateau to investigate the effects of GE on Rs. The exclusion of livestock significantly increased soil moisture and above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground biomass, but it decreased soil temperature, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and Rs. Regression analysis indicated that the effects of GE on Rs were mainly due to changes in soil temperature, soil moisture, and MBC. Compared with the grazed blocks, GE significantly decreased soil carbon release by 23.6% over the growing season and 21.4% annually, but it increased the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of Rs by 6.5% and 14.2% for the growing season and annually respectively. Therefore, GE may reduce the release of soil carbon from the Tibetan Plateau, but under future climate warming scenarios, the increases in Q10 induced by GE could lead to increased carbon emissions.
", "keywords": ["570", "MICROBIAL RESPIRATION", "Environmental Sciences & Ecology", "Plant Productivity", "Temperature Sensitivity", "ALPINE GRASSLAND", "630", "Microbial Biomass Carbon", "NORTHERN CHINA", "SEASONAL PATTERNS", "MOUNTAIN GRASSLANDS", "Grazing Exclusion", "Tibetan Plateau", "PLANT-COMMUNITIES", "Original Research", "2. Zero hunger", "Science & Technology", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "CO2 EFFLUX", "Ecology", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "INNER-MONGOLIA", "BELOW-GROUND BIOMASS", "Soil Respiration", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Life Sciences & Biomedicine"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.1867"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/ece3.1867", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/ece3.1867"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-05-09", "title": "Mangrove Growth In New Zealand Estuaries: The Role Of Nutrient Enrichment At Sites With Contrasting Rates Of Sedimentation", "description": "Mangrove forest coverage is increasing in the estuaries of the North Island of New Zealand, causing changes in estuarine ecosystem structure and function. Sedimentation and associated nutrient enrichment have been proposed to be factors leading to increases in mangrove cover, but the relative importance of each of these factors is unknown. We conducted a fertilization study in estuaries with different sedimentation histories in order to determine the role of nutrient enrichment in stimulating mangrove growth and forest development. We expected that if mangroves were nutrient-limited, nutrient enrichment would lead to increases in mangrove growth and forest structure and that nutrient enrichment of trees in our site with low sedimentation would give rise to trees and sediments that converged in terms of functional characteristics on control sites in our high sedimentation site. The effects of fertilizing with nitrogen (N) varied among sites and across the intertidal zone, with enhancements in growth, photosynthetic carbon gain, N resorption prior to leaf senescence and the leaf area index of canopies being significantly greater at the high sedimentation sites than at the low sedimentation sites, and in landward dwarf trees compared to seaward fringing trees. Sediment respiration (CO(2) efflux) was higher at the high sedimentation site than at the low one sedimentation site, but it was not significantly affected by fertilization, suggesting that the high sedimentation site supported greater bacterial mineralization of sediment carbon. Nutrient enrichment of the coastal zone has a role in facilitating the expansion of mangroves in estuaries of the North Island of New Zealand, but this effect is secondary to that of sedimentation, which increases habitat area and stimulates growth. In estuaries with high sediment loads, enrichment with N will cause greater mangrove growth and further changes in ecosystem function.", "keywords": ["nutrient resorption efficiency", "Whangapoua", "0106 biological sciences", "Geologic Sediments", "Nitrogen", "Performance", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "Rhizophora-mangle", "C1", "Oxygen Consumption", "Plant-growth", "Herbivory", "Photosynthesis", "Deposition", "Ecosystem", "580", "photosynthesis", "Avicenna marina", "Ecology", "leaf area index", "Plant Stems", "Phosphorus", "Soil respiration", "Limitation", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Plant Leaves", "Leaf area index", "770400 Coastal and Estuarine Environment", "Nutrient resorption efficiency", "Waikopua", "Avicennia", "Seasons", "270402 Plant Physiology", "New Zealand"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-007-0750-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-05-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-005-0085-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-20", "title": "Microbial Cycling Of C And N In Northern Hardwood Forests Receiving Chronic Atmospheric No3- Deposition", "description": "Sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.)-dominated northern hardwood forests in the upper Lakes States region appear to be particularly sensitive to chronic atmospheric NO 3 \u2212 deposition. Experimental NO 3 \u2212 deposition (3 g NO 3 \u2212 N m\u22122 y\u22121) has significantly reduced soil respiration and increased the export of DOC/DON and NO 3 \u2212 across the region. Here, we evaluate the possibility that diminished microbial activity in mineral soil was responsible for these ecosystem-level responses to NO 3 \u2212 deposition. To test this alternative, we measured microbial biomass, respiration, and N transformations in the mineral soil of four northern hardwood stands that have received 9 years of experimental NO 3 \u2212 deposition. Microbial biomass, microbial respiration, and daily rates of gross and net N transformations were not changed by NO 3 \u2212 deposition. We also observed no effect of NO 3 \u2212 deposition on annual rates of net N mineralization. However, NO 3 \u2212 deposition significantly increased (27%) annual net nitrification, a response that resulted from rapid microbial NO 3 \u2212 assimilation, the subsequent turnover of NH 4 + , and increased substrate availability for this process. Nonetheless, greater rates of net nitrification were insufficient to produce the 10-fold observed increase in NO 3 \u2212 export, suggesting that much of the exported NO 3 \u2212 resulted directly from the NO 3 \u2212 deposition treatment. Results suggest that declines in soil respiration and increases in DOC/DON export cannot be attributed to NO 3 \u2212 -induced physiological changes in mineral soil microbial activity. Given the lack of response we have observed in mineral soil, our results point to the potential importance of microbial communities in forest floor, including both saprotrophs and mycorrhizae, in mediating ecosystem-level responses to chronic NO 3 \u2212 deposition in Lake States northern hardwood forests.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Ecology", "Science", "Plant Sciences", "Soil C and N Cycling", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Life Sciences", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Nature Conservation", "Northern Hardwood Forests", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microbial Respiration", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "Environmental Management", "N Mineralization", "Geoecology/Natural Processes", "13. Climate action", "Atmospheric NO 3 \u2212 Deposition", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Zoology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-005-0085-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-005-0085-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-005-0085-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-005-0085-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/bf00010794", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-07-29", "title": "Nutrient And Carbon-Dioxide Release By Interacting Species Of Straw-Decomposing Fungi", "description": "Pairs of fungi were incubated on wheat straw in microcosms for 10 weeks. Release of Na+, K+ and NH4+-N was similar from all combinations, but Ca2+, Mg2+ and PO43--P release depended on the species. In Agrocybe gibberosa/Chaetomium globosum and Sphaerobolus stellatus/Chaetomium globosum combinations, there was evidence of interactions which suppressed the predicted rate of phosphate release, and in all the mixed species combinations there were interactions which increased the rate of fungal respiration above that of the more combative fungus in pure culture. ei]{gnR}{fnMerckx}", "keywords": ["decomposition", "nutrients", "fungal interactions", "straw", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "respiration"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Robinson, Clare H., Dighton, J., Frankland, Juliet C., Coward, P. A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00010794"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/bf00010794", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/bf00010794", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/bf00010794"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/pl00008869", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-04-10", "title": "Combined Effects Of Atmospheric Co2 And N Availability On The Belowground Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics Of Aspen Mesocosms", "description": "It is uncertain whether elevated atmospheric CO2 will increase C storage in terrestrial ecosystems without concomitant increases in plant access to N. Elevated CO2 may alter microbial activities that regulate soil N availability by changing the amount or composition of organic substrates produced by roots. Our objective was to determine the potential for elevated CO2 to change N availability in an experimental plant-soil system by affecting the acquisition of root-derived C by soil microbes. We grew Populus tremuloides (trembling aspen) cuttings for 2 years under two levels of atmospheric CO2 (36.7 and 71.5 Pa) and at two levels of soil N (210 and 970 \u00b5g N g-1). Ambient and twice-ambient CO2 concentrations were applied using open-top chambers, and soil N availability was manipulated by mixing soils differing in organic N content. From June to October of the second growing season, we measured midday rates of soil respiration. In August, we pulse-labeled plants with 14CO2 and measured soil 14CO2 respiration and the 14C contents of plants, soils, and microorganisms after a 6-day chase period. In conjunction with the August radio-labeling and again in October, we used 15N pool dilution techniques to measure in situ rates of gross N mineralization, N immobilization by microbes, and plant N uptake. At both levels of soil N availability, elevated CO2 significantly increased whole-plant and root biomass, and marginally increased whole-plant N capital. Significant increases in soil respiration were closely linked to increases in root biomass under elevated CO2. CO2 enrichment had no significant effect on the allometric distribution of biomass or 14C among plant components, total 14C allocation belowground, or cumulative (6-day) 14CO2 soil respiration. Elevated CO2 significantly increased microbial 14C contents, indicating greater availability of microbial substrates derived from roots. The near doubling of microbial 14C contents at elevated CO2 was a relatively small quantitative change in the belowground C cycle of our experimental system, but represents an ecologically significant effect on the dynamics of microbial growth. Rates of plant N uptake during both 6-day periods in August and October were significantly greater at elevated CO2, and were closely related to fine-root biomass. Gross N mineralization was not affected by elevated CO2. Despite significantly greater rates of N immobilization under elevated CO2, standing pools of microbial N were not affected by elevated CO2, suggesting that N was cycling through microbes more rapidly. Our results contained elements of both positive and negative feedback hypotheses, and may be most relevant to young, aggrading ecosystems, where soil resources are not yet fully exploited by plant roots. If the turnover of microbial N increases, higher rates of N immobilization may not decrease N availability to plants under elevated CO2.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "root-: biomass-", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "nitrogen-fixation", "Environmental-Sciences)", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "biomass-", "nitrogen-cycle", "nitrogen-", "Microorganisms-", "carbon-14", "124-38-9: CARBON DIOXIDE", "C Cycle", "Spermatophytes-", "Spermatophyta-", "Key Words Atmospheric CO2", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "Populus Tremuloides Michx", "2. Zero hunger", "carbon-dioxide: atmospheric-", "plant-nutrition", "Climatology- (Environmental-Sciences)", "Angiosperms-", "Angiospermae-", "Plants-", "Natural Resources and Environment", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "global-climate-change", "microbe- (Microorganisms-)", "7727-37-9: NITROGEN", "chemical-composition", "carbon-sequestration", "mineral-uptake", "soil-biology", "Science", "Vascular-Plants", "poplars-", "respiration-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "carbon-dioxide", "Populus-tremuloides [trembling-aspen] (Salicaceae-)", "carbon-cycle", "Health Sciences", "Salicaceae-: Dicotyledones-", "soil-respiration", "content", "Plantae-", "14762-75-5: CARBON-14", "mineralization-", "Molecular", "forest-soils", "15. Life on land", "Rhizodeposition", "soil-flora", "N Cycle", "13. Climate action", "cuttings-", "roots-", "Legacy", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Dicots-", "ecosystems-"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Mikan, Carl J., Zak, Donald R., Kubiske, Mark E., Pregitzer, Kurt S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00008869"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/pl00008869", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/pl00008869", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/pl00008869"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-08-23T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-01-25", "title": "Effect Of Long-Term Zinc Pollution On Soil Microbial Community Resistance To Repeated Contamination", "description": "The aim of the study was to compare the effects of stress (contamination trials) on the microorganisms in zinc-polluted soil (5,018\u00a0mg Zn\u00a0kg(-1) soil dry weight) and unpolluted soil (141\u00a0mg Zn kg(-1) soil\u00a0dw), measured as soil respiration rate. In the laboratory, soils were subjected to copper contamination (0, 500, 1,500 and 4,500\u00a0mg\u00a0kg(-1) soil\u00a0dw), and then a bactericide (oxytetracycline) combined with a fungicide (captan) along with glucose (10\u00a0mg\u00a0g(-1) soil\u00a0dw each) were added. There was a highly significant effect of soil type, copper treatment and oxytetracycline/captan treatment. The initial respiration rate of chronically zinc-polluted soil was higher than that of unpolluted soil, but in the copper treatment it showed a greater decline. Microorganisms in copper-treated soil were more susceptible to oxytetracycline/captan contamination. After the successive soil contamination trials the decline of soil respiration was greater in zinc-polluted soil than in unpolluted soil.", "keywords": ["Health", " Toxicology and Mutagenesis", "trace metals", "Oxytetracycline", "Toxicology", "01 natural sciences", "Article", "Captan", "Soil", "Stress", " Physiological", "Soil Pollutants", "Soil Microbiology", "combined stressors", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "soil pollution", "Drug Resistance", " Microbial", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Pollution", "Adaptation", " Physiological", "soil respiration rate", "6. Clean water", "Anti-Bacterial Agents", "Fungicides", " Industrial", "Zinc", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Copper"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Klimek, Beata", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20Environmental%20Contamination%20and%20Toxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00128-012-0523-0"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-01-26T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00374-005-0831-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-15", "title": "Soil Solution And Extractable Soil Nitrogen Response To Climate Change In Two Boreal Forest Ecosystems", "description": "Several studies show that increases in soil temperature result in higher N mineralization rates in soils. It is, however, unclear if additional N is taken up by the vegetation or accumulates in the soil. To address this question two small, forested catchments in southern Norway were experimentally manipulated by increasing air temperature (+3\u00b0C in summer to +5\u00b0C in winter) and CO2 concentrations (+200 ppmv) in one catchment (CO2T-T) and soil temperature (+3\u00b0C in summer to +5\u00b0C in winter) using heating cables in a second catchment (T-T). During the first treatment year, the climate treatments caused significant increases in soil extractable NH4 under Vaccinium in CO2T-T. In the second treatment year extractable NH4 in CO2T-T and NO3 in T-T significantly increased. Soil solution NH4 concentrations did not follow patterns in extractable NH4 but changes in soil NO3 pools were reflected by changes in dissolved NO3. The anomalous behavior of soil solution NH4 compared to NO3 was most likely due to the higher NH4 adsorption capacity of the soil. The data from this study showed that after 2 years of treatment soil inorganic N pools increased indicating that increases in mineralization, as observed in previous studies, exceeded plant demand and leaching losses.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "carbon-dioxide", "chemistry", "release", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "net nitrogen", "southern norway", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "mineralization", "catchment", "climex project", "respiration"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Verburg, P.H.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-005-0831-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biology%20and%20Fertility%20of%20Soils", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00374-005-0831-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00374-005-0831-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00374-005-0831-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00425-017-2647-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:14:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-01-04", "title": "The cost of surviving nitrogen excess: energy and protein demand in the lichen Cladonia portentosa as revealed by proteomic analysis", "description": "Different nitrogen forms affect different metabolic pathways in lichens. In particular, the most relevant changes in protein expression were observed in the fungal partner, with NO 3- mostly affecting the energetic metabolism and NH 4+ affecting transport and regulation of proteins and the energetic metabolism much more than NO 3- did. Excess deposition of reactive nitrogen is a well-known agent of stress for lichens, but which symbiont is most affected and how, remains a mystery. Using proteomics can expand our understanding of stress effects on lichens. We investigated the effects of different doses and forms of reactive nitrogen, with and without supplementary phosphorus and potassium, on the proteome of the lichen Cladonia portentosa growing in a 'real-world' simulation of nitrogen deposition. Protein expression changed with the nitrogen treatments but mostly in the fungal partner, with NO3- mainly affecting the energetic metabolism and NH4+ also affecting the protein synthesis machinery. The photobiont mainly responded overexpressing proteins involved in energy production. This suggests that in response to nitrogen stress, the photobiont mainly supports the defensive mechanisms initiated by the mycobiont with an increased energy production. Such surplus energy is then used by the cell to maintain functionality in the presence of NO3-, while a futile cycle of protein production can be hypothesized to be induced by NH4+ excess. External supply of potassium and phosphorus influenced differently the responses of particular enzymes, likely reflecting the many processes in which potassium exerts a regulatory function.", "keywords": ["Chlorophyll", "Proteomics", "0301 basic medicine", "570", "mycobiont", "Lichens", "Nitrogen", "Cell Respiration", "Nitrate", "Mass Spectrometry", "Molecular mechanism", "03 medical and health sciences", "nitrate", "Ammonia", "Electrophoresis", " Gel", " Two-Dimensional", "Photosynthesis", "Ammonium", " Molecular mechanism", " Mycobiont", " Nitrate", " Photobiont", " Stress response", "Ammonium; Molecular mechanism; Mycobiont; Nitrate; Photobiont; Stress response; Genetics; Plant Science", "0303 health sciences", "Nitrates", "Stress response", "Chlorophyll A", "stress response", "Mycobiont", "ammonium", "Photobiont", "photobiont", "molecular mechanism", "Energy Metabolism", "Ammonium"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00425-017-2647-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00425-017-2647-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Planta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00425-017-2647-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00425-017-2647-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00425-017-2647-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-01-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-05-27", "title": "Contrasting Effects Of Repeated Summer Drought On Soil Carbon Efflux In Hydric And Mesic Heathland Soils", "description": "AbstractCurrent predictions of climate change include altered rainfall patterns throughout Europe, continental USA and areas such as the Amazon. The effect of this on soil carbon efflux remains unclear although several modelling studies have highlighted the potential importance of drought for carbon storage. To test the importance of drought, and more importantly repeated drought year\uffe2\uff80\uff90on\uffe2\uff80\uff90year, we used automated retractable curtains to exclude rain and produce repeated summer drought in three heathlands at varying moisture conditions. This included a hydric system limited by water\uffe2\uff80\uff90excess (in the UK) and two mesic systems with seasonal water limitation in Denmark (DK) and the Netherlands (NL). The experimental rainfall reductions were set to reflect single year droughts observed in the last decade with exclusion of rain for 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933 months of the year resulting in a 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9326% reduction in annual rainfall and 23\uffe2\uff80\uff9338% reduction in mean soil moisture during the drought period. Unexpectedly, sustained reduction in soil moisture over winter (between drought periods) was also observed at all three sites, along with a reduction in the maximum water\uffe2\uff80\uff90holding capacity attained. Three hypotheses are discussed which may have contributed to this lack of recovery in soil moisture: hydrophobicity of soil organic matter, increased water use by plants and increased cracking of the soil. The responses of soil respiration to this change in soil moisture varied among the sites: decreased rates were observed at the water\uffe2\uff80\uff90limited NL and DK sites whilst they increased at the UK site. Reduced sensitivity of soil respiration to soil temperature was observed at soil moisture contents above 55% at the UK site and below 20% and 13% at the NL and DK sites, respectively. Soil respiration rates recovered to predrought levels in the NL and DK sites during the winter re\uffe2\uff80\uff90wetting period that indicates any change in soil C storage due to changes in soil C efflux may be short lived in these mesic systems. In contrast, in the hydric UK site after 2 years of drought treatment, the persistent reduction in soil moisture throughout the year resulted in a year\uffe2\uff80\uff90round increase in soil respiration flux, a response that accelerated over time to 40% above control levels. These findings suggest that carbon\uffe2\uff80\uff90rich soils with high organic matter content may act as a significant source of CO2 to the atmosphere following repeated summer drought. Nonrecovery of soil moisture and a persistent increase in soil respiration may be the primary mechanism underlying the reported substantial losses of soil carbon from UK organic soils over the last 20 years. These findings indicate that the water status of an ecosystem will be a critical factor to consider in determining the impact of drought on the soil carbon fluxes and storage.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "550", "organic soils", "VULCAN project", "drought", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "551", "soil respiration", "6. Clean water", "climate change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01643.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00442-006-0381-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-02-17", "description": "The aspen free-air CO2 and O3 enrichment (FACTS II-FACE) study in Rhinelander, Wisconsin, USA, is designed to understand the mechanisms by which young northern deciduous forest ecosystems respond to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and elevated tropospheric ozone (O3) in a replicated, factorial, field experiment. Soil respiration is the second largest flux of carbon (C) in these ecosystems, and the objective of this study was to understand how soil respiration responded to the experimental treatments as these fast-growing stands of pure aspen and birch + aspen approached maximum leaf area. Rates of soil respiration were typically lowest in the elevated O3 treatment. Elevated CO2 significantly stimulated soil respiration (8-26%) compared to the control treatment in both community types over all three growing seasons. In years 6-7 of the experiment, the greatest rates of soil respiration occurred in the interaction treatment (CO2 + O3), and rates of soil respiration were 15-25% greater in this treatment than in the elevated CO2 treatment, depending on year and community type. Two of the treatments, elevated CO2 and elevated CO2 + O3, were fumigated with 13C-depleted CO2, and in these two treatments we used standard isotope mixing models to understand the proportions of new and old C in soil respiration. During the peak of the growing season, C fixed since the initiation of the experiment in 1998 (new C) accounted for 60-80% of total soil respiration. The isotope measurements independently confirmed that more new C was respired from the interaction treatment compared to the elevated CO2 treatment. A period of low soil moisture late in the 2003 growing season resulted in soil respiration with an isotopic signature 4-6 per thousand enriched in 13C compared to sample dates when the percentage soil moisture was higher. In 2004, an extended period of low soil moisture during August and early September, punctuated by a significant rainfall event, resulted in soil respiration that was temporarily 4-6 per thousand more depleted in 13C. Up to 50% of the Earth's forests will see elevated concentrations of both CO2 and O3 in the coming decades and these interacting atmospheric trace gases stimulated soil respiration in this study.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Science", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Cell Respiration", "Acer", "Carbon Cycling", "Plant Roots", "01 natural sciences", "Trees", "Soil", "Ozone", "Stable Isotope", "Air Pollution", "Health Sciences", "\u03b4 13 C", "Global Change", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "Betula", "Ecosystem", "Soil Microbiology", "Carbon Isotopes", "Atmosphere", "Natural Resources and Environment", "Molecular", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Populus", "13. Climate action"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-006-0381-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00442-006-0381-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00442-006-0381-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00442-006-0381-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-02-18T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-08-03", "title": "Fate Of Soil-Applied Black Carbon: Downward Migration, Leaching And Soil Respiration", "description": "AbstractBlack carbon (BC) is an important pool of the global C cycle, because it cycles much more slowly than others and may even be managed for C sequestration. Using stable isotope techniques, we investigated the fate of BC applied to a savanna Oxisol in Colombia at rates of 0, 11.6, 23.2 and 116.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83BC\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, as well as its effect on non\uffe2\uff80\uff90BC soil organic C. During the rainy seasons of 2005 and 2006, soil respiration was measured using soda lime traps, particulate and dissolved organic C (POC and DOC) moving by saturated flow was sampled continuously at 0.15 and 0.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m, and soil was sampled to 2.0\uffe2\uff80\uff83m. Black C was found below the application depth of 0\uffe2\uff80\uff930.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83m in the 0.15\uffe2\uff80\uff930.3\uffe2\uff80\uff83m depth interval, with migration rates of 52.4\uffc2\uffb114.5, 51.8\uffc2\uffb118.5 and 378.7\uffc2\uffb1196.9\uffe2\uff80\uff83kg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921 (\uffc2\uffb1SE) where 11.6, 23.2 and 116.1\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83BC\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, respectively, had been applied. Over 2 years after application, 2.2% of BC applied at 23.2\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83BC\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 was lost by respiration, and an even smaller fraction of 1% was mobilized by percolating water. Carbon from BC moved to a greater extent as DOC than POC. The largest flux of BC from the field (20\uffe2\uff80\uff9353% of applied BC) was not accounted for by our measurements and is assumed to have occurred by surface runoff during intense rain events. Black C caused a 189% increase in aboveground biomass production measured 5 months after application (2.4\uffe2\uff80\uff934.5\uffe2\uff80\uff83t additional dry biomass\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 where BC was applied), and this resulted in greater amounts of non\uffe2\uff80\uff90BC being respired, leached and found in soil for the duration of the experiment. These increases can be quantitatively explained by estimates of greater belowground net primary productivity with BC addition.
", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "leaching", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "ecology", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "respiraci\u00f3n del suelo", "01 natural sciences", "lixiviacion", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02044.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-02-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s004420100656", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-02-13", "title": "Fine-Root Biomass And Fluxes Of Soil Carbon In Young Stands Of Paper Birch And Trembling Aspen As Affected By Elevated Atmospheric Co2 And Tropospheric O3", "description": "Rising atmospheric CO2 may stimulate future forest productivity, possibly increasing carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems, but how tropospheric ozone will modify this response is unknown. Because of the importance of fine roots to the belowground C cycle, we monitored fine-root biomass and associated C fluxes in regenerating stands of trembling aspen, and mixed stands of trembling aspen and paper birch at FACTS-II, the Aspen FACE project in Rhinelander, Wisconsin. Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) was used to elevate concentrations of CO2 (average enrichment concentration 535\u00a0\u00b5l l-1) and O3 (53\u00a0nl l-1) in developing forest stands in 1998 and 1999. Soil respiration, soil pCO2, and dissolved organic carbon in soil solution (DOC) were monitored biweekly. Soil respiration was measured with a portable infrared gas analyzer. Soil pCO2 and DOC samples were collected from soil gas wells and tension lysimeters, respectively, at depths of 15, 30, and 125\u00a0cm. Fine-root biomass averaged 263\u00a0g m-2 in control plots and increased 96% under elevated CO2. The increased root biomass was accompanied by a 39% increase in soil respiration and a 27% increase in soil pCO2. Both soil respiration and pCO2 exhibited a strong seasonal signal, which was positively correlated with soil temperature. DOC concentrations in soil solution averaged ~12\u00a0mg l-1 in surface horizons, declined with depth, and were little affected by the treatments. A simplified belowground C budget for the site indicated that native soil organic matter still dominated the system, and that soil respiration was by far the largest flux. Ozone decreased the above responses to elevated CO2, but effects were rarely statistically significant. We conclude that regenerating stands of northern hardwoods have the potential for substantially greater C input to soil due to greater fine-root production under elevated CO2. Greater fine-root biomass will be accompanied by greater soil C efflux as soil respiration, but leaching losses of C will probably be unaffected.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "Aspen-FACE-project", "root-", "USA-", "pollutants-", "Environmental-Sciences)", "tropospheric-ozone", "forest-productivity", "01 natural sciences", "biomass-", "northern-forests", "124-38-9: CARBON DIOXIDE", "soil-carbon-flux", "terrestrial-ecosystems", "populus-tremuloides", "Cellular and Developmental Biology", "soil-carbon", "7440-44-0: CARBON", "carbon-", "fine-root", "Bioenergetics- (Biochemistry-and-Molecular-Biophysics)", "Natural Resources and Environment", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "GLOBAL-ECOLOGY", "North-America", "Nearctic-region)", "Rhinelander- (Wisconsin-", "carbon-sequestration", "atmosphere-", "biomass-production", "dissolved-organic-carbon [DOC-]", "Science", "respiration-", "carbon-dioxide-enrichment", "forest-plantations", "carbon-dioxide", "carbon-storage", "fine-root-biomass", "belowground-biomass", "United-States-Wisconsin-Rhinelander", "carbon-cycle", "Health Sciences", "ozone-", "soil-respiration", "air-pollution", "global-change", "atmospheric-carbon-dioxide", "biomass", "Molecular", "15. Life on land", "ozone", "13. Climate action", "roots-", "Legacy", "Terrestrial-Ecology (Ecology-", "free-air-carbon-dioxide-enrichment [FREE-]: experimental-method", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Northern Forests Global Change Carbon Sequestration Soil Respiration Dissolved Organic Carbon Soil PCO2"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s004420100656"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Oecologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s004420100656", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s004420100656", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s004420100656"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10021-004-0218-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:04Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-08-21", "title": "Climate Change Affects Carbon Allocation To The Soil In Shrublands", "description": "Climate change may affect ecosystem functioning through increased temperatures or changes in precipitation patterns. Temperature and water availability are important drivers for ecosystem processes such as photosynthesis, carbon translocation, and organic matter decomposition. These climate changes may affect the supply of carbon and energy to the soil microbial population and subsequently alter decomposition and mineralization, important ecosystem processes in carbon and nutrient cycling. In this study, carried out within the cross-European research project CLIMOOR, the effect of climate change, resulting from imposed manipulations, on carbon dynamics in shrubland ecosystems was examined. We performed a 14C-labeling experiment to probe changes in net carbon uptake and allocation to the roots and soil compartments as affected by a higher temperature during the year and a drought period in the growing season. Differences in climate, soil, and plant characteristics resulted in a gradient in the severity of the drought effects on net carbon uptake by plants with the impact being most severe in Spain, followed by Denmark, with the UK showing few negative effects at significance levels of p \u2264 0.10. Drought clearly reduced carbon flow from the roots to the soil compartments. The fraction of the 14C fixed by the plants and allocated into the soluble carbon fraction in the soil and to soil microbial biomass in Denmark and the UK decreased by more than 60%. The effects of warming were not significant, but, as with the drought treatment, a negative effect on carbon allocation to soil microbial biomass was found. The changes in carbon allocation to soil microbial biomass at the northern sites in this study indicate that soil microbial biomass is a sensitive, early indicator of drought- or temperature-initiated changes in these shrubland ecosystems. The reduced supply of substrate to the soil and the response of the soil microbial biomass may help to explain the observed acclimation of CO2 exchange in other ecosystems.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "decomposition", "photosynthesis", "temperature", "translocation", "plant", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "dioxide", "calluna-vulgaris", "13. Climate action", "lolium-perenne", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "rhizosphere", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-004-0218-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecosystems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10021-004-0218-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10021-004-0218-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10021-004-0218-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.06.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:17:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-07-28", "title": "Effects Of Elevated Co2 Concentration On Rhizodeposition From Lolium Perenne Grown On Soil Exposed To 9 Years Of Co2 Enrichment", "description": "Abstract The effects of enriched CO 2 atmosphere on partitioning of recently assimilated carbon were investigated in a plant-soil-microorganism system in which Lolium perenne seedlings were planted into cores inserted into the resident soil within a sward that had been treated with elevated CO 2 for 9 consecutive years, under two N fertilisation levels (Swiss FACE experiment). The planted cores were excavated from the ambient (35\u00a0Pa pCO 2 ) and enriched (60\u00a0Pa pCO 2 ) rings at two dates, in spring and autumn, during the growing season. The cores were brought back to the laboratory for 14 C labelling of shoots in order to trace the transfer of recently assimilated C both within the plant and to the soil and microbial biomass. At the spring sampling, high N supply stimulated shoot and total dry matter production. Consistently, high N enhanced the allocation of recently fixed C to shoots, and reduced it to belowground compartments. Elevated CO 2 had no consequences for DM or the pattern of C allocation. At the autumn sampling, at high N plot, yield of L. perenne was stimulated by elevated CO 2 . Consistently, 14 C was preferentially allocated aboveground and, consequently belowground recent C allocation was depressed and rhizodeposition reduced. At both experimental periods, total soil C content was similar in all treatments, providing no evidence for soil carbon sequestration in the Swiss Free Air CO 2 Enrichment experiment (FACE) after 9 years of enrichment. Recently assimilated C and soil C were mineralised faster in soils from enriched rings, suggesting a CO 2 -induced shift in the microbial biomass characteristics (structure, diversity, activity) and/or in the quality of the root-released organic compounds.", "keywords": ["580", "RHIZODEPOSITION", "0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "RAY GRASS ANGLAIS", "MINERALISATION", "RHIZOSPHERE RESPIRATION", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "MICROBIAL BIOMASSE", "CARBON SEQUESTRATION", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "ELEVATED CO2", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "NITROGEN FERTILISATION"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.06.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.06.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.06.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.06.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-009-9381-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-10-13", "title": "Plant-Soil Interactions And Acclimation To Temperature Of Microbial-Mediated Soil Respiration May Affect Predictions Of Soil Co2 Efflux", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Life Sciences", " general", "Carbon cycle modeling", "2. Zero hunger", "Ecosystem ecology", "Life Sciences", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biogeosciences", "Ecosystems", "6. Clean water", "general", "13. Climate action", "Earth Sciences", "Environmental Chemistry", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Earth-Surface Processes", "Water Science and Technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt74h8k7gh/qt74h8k7gh.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-009-9381-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-009-9381-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-009-9381-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-009-9381-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-14T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-010-9496-4", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-07-11", "title": "Effects Of Nitrogen Additions On Above- And Belowground Carbon Dynamics In Two Tropical Forests", "description": "Anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is increasing rapidly in tropical regions, adding N to ecosystems that often have high background N availability. Tropical forests play an important role in the global carbon (C) cycle, yet the effects of N deposition on C cycling in these ecosystems are poorly understood. We used a field N-fertilization experiment in lower and upper elevation tropical rain forests in Puerto Rico to explore the responses of above- and belowground C pools to N addition. As expected, tree stem growth and litterfall productivity did not respond to N fertilization in either of these N-rich forests, indicating a lack of N limitation to net primary productivity (NPP). In contrast, soil C concentrations increased significantly with N fertilization in both forests, leading to larger C stocks in fertilized plots. However, different soil C pools responded to N fertilization differently. Labile (low density) soil C fractions and live fine roots declined with fertilization, while mineral-associated soil C increased in both forests. Decreased soil CO2 fluxes in fertilized plots were correlated with smaller labile soil C pools in the lower elevation forest (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.65, p\u00a0<\u00a00.05), and with lower live fine root biomass in the upper elevation forest (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.90, p\u00a0<\u00a00.05). Our results indicate that soil C storage is sensitive to N deposition in tropical forests, even where plant productivity is not N-limited. The mineral-associated soil C pool has the potential to respond relatively quickly to N additions, and can drive increases in bulk soil C stocks in tropical forests.", "keywords": ["58 Geosciences Aboveground Biomass", "15. Life on land", "Roots", "Aboveground Biomass", "Environmental sciences", "Soil Respiration", "Dissolved Organic Carbon", "Soil Density Fractions", "Environmental Chemistry", "Nutrient Limitation", "54 Environmental Sciences", "Geosciences", "Earth-Surface Processes", "Water Science and Technology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt7ww245cp/qt7ww245cp.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9496-4"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-010-9496-4", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-010-9496-4", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-010-9496-4"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-07-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10533-018-0448-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-05-05", "title": "The biogeochemical consequences of litter transformation by insect herbivory in the Subarctic: a microcosm simulation experiment", "description": "Warming may increase the extent and intensity of insect defoliations within Arctic ecosystems. A thorough understanding of the implications of this for litter decomposition is essential to make predictions of soil-atmosphere carbon (C) feedbacks. Soil nitrogen (N) and C cycles naturally are interlinked, but we lack a detailed understanding of how insect herbivores impact these cycles. In a laboratory microcosm study, we investigated the growth responses of heterotrophic soil fungi and bacteria as well as C and N mineralisation to simulated defoliator outbreaks (frass addition), long-term increased insect herbivory (litter addition at higher background N-level) and non-outbreak conditions (litter addition only) in soils from a Subarctic birch forest. Larger amounts of the added organic matter were mineralised in the outbreak simulations compared to a normal year; yet, the fungal and bacterial growth rates and biomass were not significantly different. In the simulation of long-term increased herbivory, less litter C was respired per unit mineralised N (C:N of mineralisation decreased to 20\u2009\u00b1\u20091 from 38\u2009\u00b1\u20093 for pure litter), which suggests a directed microbial mining for N-rich substrates. This was accompanied by higher fungal dominance relative to bacteria and lower total microbial biomass. In conclusion, while a higher fraction of foliar C will be respired by insects and microbes during outbreak years, predicted long-term increases in herbivory linked to climate change may facilitate soil C-accumulation, as less foliar C is respired per unit mineralised N. Further work elucidating animal-plant-soil interactions is needed to improve model predictions of C-sink capacity in high latitude forest ecosystems.", "keywords": ["Ekologi", "0106 biological sciences", "Ecology", "herbivory", "Subarctic birch forest", "nitrogen mineralisation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "soil microbial ecology", "01 natural sciences", "biogeochemistry", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10533-018-0448-8.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-018-0448-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10533-018-0448-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10533-018-0448-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10533-018-0448-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s10646-013-1139-9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-10-11", "title": "Soil Biological Attributes In Arsenic-Contaminated Gold Mining Sites After Revegetation", "description": "Recovery of arsenic contaminated areas is a challenge society faces throughout the world. Revegetation associated with microbial activity can play an essential role in this process. This work investigated biological attributes in a gold mining area with different arsenic contents at different sites under two types of extant revegetation associated with cover layers of the soil: BS, Brachiaria sp. and Stizolobium sp., and LEGS, Acacia crassicarpa, A. holosericea, A. mangium, Sesbania virgata, Albizia lebbeck and Pseudosamanea guachapele. References were also evaluated, comprising the following three sites: B1, weathered sulfide substrate without revegetation; BM, barren material after gold extraction and PRNH (private reserve of natural heritage), an uncontaminated forest site near the mining area. The organic and microbial biomass carbon contents and substrate-induced respiration rates for these sites from highest to lowest were: PRNH > LEGS > BS > B1 and BM. These attributes were negatively correlated with soluble and total arsenic concentration in the soil. The sites that have undergone revegetation (LEGS and BS) had higher densities of bacteria, fungi, phosphate solubilizers and ammonium oxidizers than the sites without vegetation. Principal component analysis showed that the LEGS site grouped with PRNH, indicating that the use of leguminous species associated with an uncontaminated soil cover layer contributed to the improvement of the biological attributes. With the exception of acid phosphatase, all the biological attributes were indicators of soil recovery, particularly the following: microbial carbon, substrate-induced respiration, density of culturable bacteria, fungi and actinobacteria, phosphate solubilizers and metabolic quotient.", "keywords": ["Arsenic - Contamination", "Microbial biomass", "Quociente microbial", "01 natural sciences", "Mining", "Arsenic", "Photometry", "Respira\u00e7\u00e3o induzida por substrato", "Soil", "Substrate-induced respiration", "Soil Pollutants", "Biomass", "Microbial quotient", "Soil Microbiology", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Ars\u00eanico - Contamina\u00e7\u00e3o", "Spectrophotometry", " Atomic", "Biomassa microbiana", "Phosphate solubilizers", "Solubilizantes de fosfato", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Biodegradation", " Environmental", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Brazil", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-013-1139-9"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecotoxicology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s10646-013-1139-9", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s10646-013-1139-9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s10646-013-1139-9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-11T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-09-06", "title": "Spatial And Temporal Patterns Of Root Distribution In Developing Stands Of Four Woody Crop Species Grown With Drip Irrigation And Fertilization", "description": "In forest trees, roots mediate such significant carbon fluxes as primary production and soil CO2 efflux. Despite the central role of roots in these critical processes, information on root distribution during stand establishment is limited, yet must be described to accurately predict how various forest types, which are growing with a range of resource limitations, might respond to environmental change. This study reports root length density and biomass development in young stands of eastern cottonwood (Populus deltoidies Bartr.) and American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) that have narrow, high resource site requirements, and compares them with sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua L.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), which have more robust site requirements. Fine roots ( 5 mm) were sampled to determine spatial distribution in response to fertilizer and irrigation treatments delivered through drip irrigation tubes. Root length density and biomass were predominately controlled by stand development, depth and proximity to drip tubes. After accounting for this spatial and temporal variation, there was a significant increase in RLD with fertilization and irrigation for all genotypes. The response to fertilization was greater than that of irrigation. Both fine and coarse roots responded positively to resources delivered through the drip tube, indicating a whole-root-system response to resource enrichment and not just a feeder root response. The plastic response to drip tube water and nutrient enrichment demonstrate the capability of root systems to respond to supply heterogeneity by increasing acquisition surface. Fine-root biomass, root density and specific root length were greater for broadleaved species than pine. Roots of all genotypes explored the rooting volume within 2 years, but this occurred faster and to higher root length densities in broadleaved species, indicating they had greater initial opportunity for resource acquisition than pine. Sweetgum\u2019s root characteristics and its response to resource availability were similar to the other broadleaved species, despite its functional resemblance to pine regarding robust site requirements. It was concluded that genotypes, irrigation and fertilization significantly influenced tree root system development, which varied spatially in response to resource-supply heterogeneity created by drip tubes. Knowledge of spatial and temporal patterns of root distribution in these stands will be used to interpret nutrient acquisition and soil respiration measurements.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Crops", "Distribution", "Forests", "Functional Groups", "01 natural sciences", "Cottonwoods", "Biomass", "Trees Functional Groups", "Fertilizers", "Functionals", "Irrigation", "Respiration", "Sycamores", "Nutrients", "Root Length Density Soil Heterogeneity", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Vertical Root Distribution", "Carbon", "60 Applied Life Sciences", "Spatial Distribution", "Fertilization", "Soils", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Stand Development", "Pines", "Plastics", "Woody Crops"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Coleman, Mark", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-007-9375-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-0041-y", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-05-28", "title": "Impact Of Drought And Increasing Temperatures On Soil Co2 Emissions In A Mediterranean Shrubland (Gariga)", "description": "In arid and semiarid shrubland ecosystems of the Mediterranean basin, soil moisture is a key factor controlling biogeochemical cycles and the release of CO2 via soil respiration. This is influenced by increasing temperatures. We manipulated the microclimate in a Mediterranean shrubland to increase the soil and air night-time temperatures and to reduce water input from precipitation. The objective was to analyze the extent to which higher temperatures and a drier climate influence soil CO2 emissions in the short term and on an annual basis. The microclimate was manipulated in field plots (about 25\u00a0m2) by covering the vegetation during the night (Warming treatment) and during rain events (Drought treatment). Soil CO2 effluxes were monitored in the treatments and compared to a control over a 3-year period. Along with soil respiration measurements, we recorded soil temperature at 5\u00a0cm depth by a soil temperature probe. The seasonal pattern of soil CO2 efflux was characterized by higher rates during the wet vegetative season and lower rates during the dry non-vegetative season (summer). The Warming treatment did not change SR fluxes at any sampling date. The Drought treatment decreased soil CO2 emissions on only three of 10 occasions during 2004. The variation of soil respiration with temperature and soil water content did not differ significantly among the treatments, but was affected by the season. The annual CO2 emissions were not significantly affected by the treatments. In the semi-arid Mediterranean shrubland, an increase of soil CO2 efflux in response to a moderate increase of daily minimum temperature is unlikely, whereas less precipitation can strongly affect the soil processes mainly limited by water availability.", "keywords": ["Soil respiration", " Night time warming", " Drought", " Mediterranean shrubland", " CO2 emission", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-0041-y"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-0041-y", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-0041-y", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-0041-y"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-05-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-009-9939-7", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:26Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-05", "title": "Soil Carbon Dynamics Following Afforestation Of A Tropical Savannah With Eucalyptus In Congo", "description": "Soil organic matter is a key factor in the global carbon cycle, but the magnitude and the direction of the change in soil carbon after afforestation with Eucalyptus in the tropics is still a matter of controversy. The objective of this work was to understand the dynamics of soil carbon in intensively managed Eucalyptus plantations after the afforestation of a native savannah. The isotopic composition (\u03b4) of soil carbon (C) and soil CO2 efflux (F) were measured on a four-age chronosequence of Eucalyptus and on an adjacent savannah. \u03b4 F was used to partition F between a C3 component and a C4 component, the latter corresponding to the decomposition of a labile pool of savannah-derived soil carbon (C SL). The mean residence time of CSL was 4.6\u00a0years. This further allowed us to partition the savannah-derived soil carbon into a labile and a stable (C SS) carbon pool. C SL accounted for 30% of soil carbon in the top soil of the savannah (0\u20135\u00a0cm), and only 12% when the entire 0\u201345\u00a0cm soil layer was considered. The decrease in C SL with time after plantation was more than compensated by an increase in Eucalyptus-derived carbon, and half of the newly incorporated Eucalyptus-derived carbon in the top soil was associated with the clay and fine silt fractions in the 14-year-old. stand. Increment in soil carbon after afforestation of tropical savannah with Eucalyptus is therefore expected despite a rapid disappearance of the labile savannah-derived carbon because a large fraction of savannah-derived carbon is stable.", "keywords": ["P33 - Chimie et physique du sol", "0106 biological sciences", "570", "550", "SAVANNAH", "SEQUESTRATION", "ORGANIC-MATTER DYNAMICS", "01 natural sciences", "630", "zone tropicale", "PLANTATION", "[SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "EUCALYPTUS", "[SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology", "sol tropical", "savane", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "13C", "TROPICAL PLANTATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3048", "CHANGEMENT D'USAGE DES TERRES", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35657", "Eucalyptus", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_162", "CO2 EFFLUX", "FRACTIONATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1811", "LAND-USE CHANGE", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "CHRONOSEQUENCE", "15. Life on land", "plantation foresti\u00e8re", "K10 - Production foresti\u00e8re", "NATURAL C-13 ABUNDANCE", "TEMPERATE FOREST", "RESPIRATION", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7978", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7979", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6825", "extension foresti\u00e8re", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "TURNOVER", "carbone", "SOIL CARBON", "plantations", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5990", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2683"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-009-9939-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-009-9939-7", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-009-9939-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-009-9939-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-03-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-011-0860-5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-07-29", "title": "Leaf Litter Manipulations Alter Soil Physicochemical Properties And Tree Growth In A Neotropical Savanna", "description": "This study was aimed to assess the role that leaf litter play in nutrient cycling, nutrient soil availability and ecosystem processes in an oligotrophic tropical savanna. A four\u00a0year experiment was performed in a Neotropical savanna from the Brazilian plateau (cerrado), in which litter levels were modified, and the resulting changes in biophysical and chemical soil properties were studied. Changes in organic matter decomposition, soil respiration and stem growth of the six most common tree species were also monitored. Compared to litter removal plots, double litter plots had lower maximum soil temperature and higher soil water content, and litter decomposition rates in one of three species studied, consistent with higher soil respiration rates observed in this treatment. With the exception of Ca, there were no significant differences in nutrients between the removal, natural and double litter plots, even though most nutrients tended to increase in the double litter plots by the end of the experimental period, while in the control plots nutrient levels remained relatively constant. Of the six tree species used for growth analysis, only one, Sclerolobium paniculatum, a fast growing species with shallow roots, had a significant increase in stem growth due to litter addition. Preliminary results over four\u00a0years indicate that litter removal and addition resulted in some significant changes and tendencies that indicate that litter is effectively altering ecosystem processes. The information obtained also suggest that nutrient cycling in plots with natural litter levels (control plots) was in a closed loop; most nutrients released by litter decomposition and mineralization were absorbed and reutilized immediately by the plants, thus minimizing nutrient leakage outside the system.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "TREE GROWTH", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6", "NUTRIENT CYCLING", "SOIL FERTILITY", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1", "01 natural sciences", "LITTER DECOMPOSITION RATES", "SOIL RESPIRATION", "TROPICAL SAVANNAS"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-011-0860-5"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-011-0860-5", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-011-0860-5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-011-0860-5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-07-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11104-017-3281-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-05-20", "title": "Increased Litter In Subtropical Forests Boosts Soil Respiration In Natural Forests But Not Plantations Of Castanopsis Carlesii", "description": "Changes in net primary productivity in response to climate change are likely to affect litter inputs to forest soil. However, feedbacks between changes in litter input and soil carbon dynamics remain poorly understood in tropical and subtropical forests. This study aims to test whether the effects of litter manipulation on soil respiration differ between natural and plantation forests. Soil respiration, soil properties, fine root biomass and enzyme activity were measured in adjacent plots with doubling vs. eliminating litter input in both natural and plantation forests of Castanopsis carlesii in southern China. After only 3\u00a0years of litter manipulation, the magnitude of change in soil respiration was greater in response to a doubling of the litter input (+24%) than to the elimination of litter input (\u221215%) in the natural forest, possibly due to a positive priming effect on decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC). The quick and intense priming effect was corroborated by elevated enzyme activities for five of the six enzymes analyzed. In contrast, the response to litter removal (\u221231%) was greater than the response to litter addition (1%; not significant) in the plantation forest. The lack of positive priming in the plantation forest may be related to its lower soil fertility, which could not meet the demand of soil microbes, and to its high clay content, which protected SOC from microbial attack. The positive priming effect in the natural forest but not plantation forest of C. carlesii is also consistent with the significant declines in total soil carbon observed following litter addition in the natural forest but not the plantation forest. Increases in aboveground litter production may trigger priming effects and subsequently transfer more soil carbon to atmospheric CO2 in the natural forest but not in the plantation forest with low fertility. Changes in litter inputs resulting from global change drivers may have different impacts on natural and plantation forests.", "keywords": ["Litter addition", "Carbon cycling", "Subtropical forest", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Litter removal", "Priming effect", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-017-3281-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11104-017-3281-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11104-017-3281-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11104-017-3281-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-05-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s11368-017-1899-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:40Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-12-22", "title": "A meta-analysis and critical evaluation of influencing factors on soil carbon priming following biochar amendment", "description": "Previous studies have found biochar-induced effects on native soil organic carbon (NSOC) decomposition, with a range of positive, negative and no priming reported. However, many uncertainties still exist regarding which parameters drive the amplitude and the direction of the biochar priming. We conducted a quantitative analysis of 1170 groups of data from 27 incubation studies using boosted regression trees (BRTs). BRT is a machine learning method combining regression trees and a boosting algorithm, which can effectively partition independent influences of various factors on the target variable in the complex ecological processes. The BRT model explained a total of 72.4% of the variation in soil carbon (C) priming following biochar amendment, in which incubation conditions (36.5%) and biochar properties (33.7%) explained a larger proportion than soil properties (29.8%). The predictors that substantially accounted for the explained variation included incubation time (27.1%) and soil moisture (5.0%), biochar C/N ratio (6.2%), nitrogen content (5.5%), pyrolysis time during biochar production (5.1%), biochar pH (4.5%), soil C content (5.2%), sand (4.7%) and clay content (4.1%). In contrast, other incubation conditions (temperature, biochar dose, whether nutrient was added), biochar properties (biochar C, feedstock type, ash content, pyrolysis temperature, whether biochar was activated) and soil properties (nitrogen content, silt content, C/N ratio, pH, land use type) had small contribution (each <\u20094%). Positive priming occurred within the first 2\u00a0years of incubations, with a change to negative priming afterwards. The priming was negative for low N biochar or in high-moisture soils but positive on their reverse sides. The size of negative priming increased with rising biochar C/N ratio, pyrolysis time and soil clay content, but deceased with soil C/N ratio. We determine the critical drivers for biochar effect on native soil organic C cycling, which can help us to better predict soil C sequestration following biochar amendment.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Agricultural", "550", "1904 Earth-Surface Processes", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Boosted regression tree", "Incubation time", "Native soil organic matter", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "veterinary and food sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Priming effect", "1913 Stratigraphy", "Pyrogenic organic matter"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-017-1899-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soils%20and%20Sediments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s11368-017-1899-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s11368-017-1899-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s11368-017-1899-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-12-22T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-05-15", "title": "Responses Of Labile Soil Organic Carbon And Enzyme Activity In Mineral Soils To Forest Conversion In The Subtropics", "description": "& Aims Globally, extensive areas of native forest have been almost replaced by plantations to meet the demands for timber, fuel material and other forest products. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of forest conversion on labile soil organic C (SOC), soil respiration, and enzyme activity, and to quantify their relationship in subtropical forest ecosystems. & Methods Surface mineral soil (0\u201320 cm) was collected from a Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook. plantation, Pinus massoniana Lamb. plantation, Michelia macclurei Dandy plantation, and an undisturbed native broadleaf forest. Soil microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C, permanganateoxidizable C, basal respiration, and six enzyme activities were investigated. & Results Soil microbial biomass C was higher by 45.9 % in native broadleaf forest than that in M. macclurei Dandy plantation. The ratio of soil microbial biomass C to total SOC was 27.6 % higher in the M. macclurei Dandy plantation than in the native broadleaf forest. The soil respiration increased by 25.2 %a nd 21.7 %a fter conversion from native broadleaf forest to P. massoniana Lamb. and M. macclurei Dandy plantations respectively. The effects of forest conversion on the soil enzyme activities differed among the tree species. Soil microbial biomass C had higher correlation with soil respiration than with the other SOC fractions. Moreover, soil microbial biomass C was positively correlated with urease and negatively correlated with cellulase activity. Soil respiration had higher correlation with soil microbial biomass C, dissolved organic C and permanganate-oxidizable C. & Conclusion Forest conversion affected the soil microbial biomass C, soil respiration, invertase, cellulase, urease, catalase, acid phosphatase, and polyphenol oxidase activities, but their response depended on tree species. Soil respiration was mainly controlled by labile SOC, not by total SOC.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil enzyme", "13. Climate action", "Land-use change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Labile soil organic C", "[SDV.SA.SF] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture", " forestry", "15. Life on land", "Tree species"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Silong Wang, Fuming Xiao, Tongxin He, Qingkui Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annals%20of%20Forest%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s13595-013-0294-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:46Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-12", "title": "Relationship Between Soil Properties and Banana Productivity in the Two Main Cultivation Areas in Venezuela", "description": "Open AccessTo identify the main edaphic variables most correlated to banana productivity in Venezuela and explore the development of an empirical correlation model to predict this productivity based on soil characteristics. Six agricultural fields located in two of the main banana production areas of Venezuela were selected. The experimental sites were in large farms (\u2265\u200950 ha) with four productivity levels in \u201cGran Nain\u201d bananas, with an area of 4 ha for each of four productive levels: High - High, High - Low, Low - High, and Low - Low. Sixty sampling points were used to characterize the soils under study. Additionally, a Productivity Index (PI) based on three different biometric data on plant productivity was proposed. Through hierarchical statistical analysis, the first 16 soil variables that best explained the PI were selected. Thus, five multiple linear regression models were estimated, using the stepwise regression method. Subsequently, a performance analysis was used to compare the prediction quality range and the error associated with the number of soil variables selected for the proposed models. The selected model included the following soil variables: Mg, penetration resistance, total microbial respiration, bulk density, and omnivorous free-living nematodes. These variables explain the PI with an R2 of 0.55, the mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.8, and the root of the mean squared error (RMSE) of 1.0. The five selected variables are proposed to characterize the soil Productivity Index in banana and could be used in a site-specific soil management program for the banana areas of Venezuela.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Penetration resistance", "Musaceae", "BULK DENSITY", "SOIL QUALITY", "Total microbial respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "TOTAL MICROBIAL RESPIRATION", "01 natural sciences", "Bulk density", "Soil quality", "FREE-LIVING NEMATODES", "MUSACEAE", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4.1", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/4", "Free-living nematodes", "PENETRATION RESISTANCE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science%20and%20Plant%20Nutrition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s42729-020-00317-8"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s42832-021-0114-2", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-25", "title": "Tire abrasion particles negatively affect plant growth even at low concentrations and alter soil biogeochemical cycling", "description": "AbstractTire particles (TPs) are a major source of microplastic on land, and considering their chemical composition, they represent a potential hazard for the terrestrial environment. We studied the effects of TPs at environmentally relevant concentrations along a wide concentration gradient (0\uffe2\uff80\uff93160 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and tested the effects on plant growth, soil pH and the key ecosystem process of litter decomposition and soil respiration. The addition of TPs negatively affected shoot and root growth already at low concentrations. Tea litter decomposition slightly increased with lower additions of TPs but decreased later on. Soil pH increased until a TP concentration of 80 mg g\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and leveled off afterwards. Soil respiration clearly increased with increasing concentration of added TPs. Plant growth was likely reduced with starting contamination and stopped when contamination reached a certain level in the soil. The presence of TPs altered a number of biogeochemical soil parameters that can have further effects on plant performance. Considering the quantities of yearly produced TPs, their persistence, and toxic potential, we assume that these particles will eventually have a significant impact on terrestrial ecosystems.
", "keywords": ["570", "Soil respiration ; Soil pH ; Litter decomposition ; Microplastic pollution ; Tire particles ; Soil Pollution", " Control", " and Remediation ; Research Article ; Plant growth", "Litter decomposition", "Soil respiration", "Soil pH", "500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie::570 Biowissenschaften; Biologie", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Microplastic pollution", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "13. Climate action", "Tire particles", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Plant growth", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s42832-021-0114-2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s42832-021-0114-2"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Ecology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s42832-021-0114-2", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s42832-021-0114-2", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s42832-021-0114-2"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-20T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s42832-022-0157-z", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:15:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-12-29", "title": "Trade-off between microbial carbon use efficiency and specific nutrient-acquiring extracellular enzyme activities under reduced oxygen", "description": "\u2022 Reduced oxygen increased microbial metabolic quotient (qCO2).Climate and land-use changes have altered both litter quality and quantity, with cascading impacts on soil respiration (SR). Soil extracellular enzymes (EEs) like cellulase and ligninase are crucial for deconstructing plant litter because they convert polymers into monomers. However, whether and how changes in litter inputs influence soil cellulase and ligninase activities as well as the implications for SR remain poorly understood. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 827 observations on the responses of SR and soil cellulase and ligninase activities to litter addition and litter removal. Litter addition significantly increased cellulase activity by 25 %, whereas litter removal decreased it by 26 %. Neither litter addition nor litter removal affected ligninase activity. Changes in cellulase activity correlated positively with SR under both litter addition and litter removal, but no such relationship was found for ligninase activity. These results indicate that changes in litter inputs affect SR primarily by affecting the microbial decomposition of readily decomposable rather than more structurally complex carbon pools. In addition, the effects of changes in litter inputs on cellulase activity decreased with treatment duration, suggesting that the long-term effects of changes in litter inputs on SR might be smaller than previously thought. Our results underscore the dominant role of cellulase in mediating the responses of SR to altered litter inputs. Integrating cellulase responses to altered litter inputs into Earth system models could improve the representation of microbial processes and refine the predictions of soil carbon dynamics.
", "keywords": ["Soil carbon pools", "Litter alternations", "Soil respiration", "Global changes", "Soil extracellular enzymes", "Soil microorganisms"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110503"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110503", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110503", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110503"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-04-09", "title": "Effects Of Experimental Warming And Nitrogen Addition On Soil Respiration And Ch4 Fluxes From Crop Rotations Of Winter Wheat-Soybean/Fallow", "description": "Soil respiration and CH4 emissions play a significant role in the global carbon balance. However, in situ studies in agricultural soils on responses of soil respiration and CH4 fluxes to climate warming are still sparse, especially from long-term studies with year-round heating. A warming experiment was conducted at Luancheng research station in the North China Plain from 2008 to 2013. Two levels of temperature (T: increase on average 1.5 degrees C at 5 cm soil depth by infrared heaters, C: ambient temperature) were combined with two levels of nitrogen (N) treatments (N1: with 315 kg N ha(-1) y(-1), NO: no nitrogen input) in the farmland.Soil was found to be a sink for CH4 with no marked seasonal variations. In the wheat-growing season, warming and N input both decreased cumulative CH4 uptake, probably because warming-induced soil drying in N1 treatment reduced (or limited) methanotroph activity by affecting soil NH4 concentration. Across years, CH4 emissions were negatively correlated with soil temperature in Ni treatment. Soil respiration showed clear seasonal fluctuations, with the largest emissions during summer and smallest in winter. Warming and nitrogen fertilization had no significant effects on total cumulative soil CO2 fluxes. Soil respiration was positively correlated with microbial biomass C, and microbial biomass C was not affected significantly by warming or nitrogen addition. The lack of significant effects of warming on soil respiration may have resulted from: (1) warming-induced soil drying offsetting the effects of soil temperature; or (2) adaption of soil respiration to increased temperature. (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["wheat-soybean-fallow", "2. Zero hunger", "Nitrogen fertilization", "CH4", "13. Climate action", "soil warming", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil respiration", "soil microbial biomass", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2015.03.013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.12.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-07", "title": "Pinus Halepensis Mill. Plantations Did Not Restore Organic Carbon, Microbial Biomass And Activity Levels In A Semi-Arid Mediterranean Soil", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Mediterranean forests", "Microbial respiration", "Maquis", "Mollisols", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Inceptisols", "15. Life on land", "ATP content", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.12.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20Soil%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.12.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.12.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.apsoil.2006.12.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.032", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:16:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-02-08", "title": "A Microcosm Approach To Assessing The Effects Of Earthworm Inoculation And Oat Cover Cropping On Co2 Fluxes And Biological Properties In An Amended Semiarid Soil", "description": "We designed a microcosm experiment to assess the influence of inoculation with Eisenia foetida earthworms and the establishment of an Avena sativa cover crop on biological (enzyme activities and labile carbon fractions) soil quality indicators in a soil treated with a composted organic residue, and to determine the contribution of these treatments to carbon dioxide emissions from the soil to the atmosphere of the microcosm. The microcosms were incubated for 53 days under 28 degrees C/18 degrees C day/night temperatures. The addition of earthworms and the planting of A. sativa increased dehydrogenase activity of compost amended soil by about 44% after 23 days of incubation. The metabolic potential, calculated as the ratio dehydrogenase activity/water soluble C, was higher in the compost amended soil planted with A. sativa. The highest total amount of CO2-C evolved occurred in the soil treated with composted residue and earthworms (about 40% of the total amount of CO2 evolved came from earthworm activity). The planting of A. sativa increased the decomposition rate constant of organic matter in the amended soil but decreased the potentially mineralizable C pool. In conclusion, the establishment of an A. sativa cover crop and the addition of E. foetida to a degraded agricultural soil treated with composted residue were effective treatments for improving the biological and biochemical quality and the metabolic potential of the soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Water soluble carbon", "Time Factors", "Avena", "Atmosphere", "Temperature", "Soil respiration", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "Eisenia foetida", "Dehydrogenase activity", "Animals", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oligochaeta", "Organic Chemicals", "Oxidoreductases", "Mineralization potential", "Ecosystem", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.032"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Chemosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.032", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.032", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.12.032"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.14399", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-30T16:19:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-14", "title": "Pathways regulating decreased soil respiration with warming in a biocrust\u2010dominated dryland", "description": "AbstractA positive soil carbon (C)\uffe2\uff80\uff90climate feedback is embedded into the climatic models of the IPCC. However, recent global syntheses indicate that the temperature sensitivity of soil respiration (RS) in drylands, the largest biome on Earth, is actually lower in warmed than in control plots. Consequently, soil C losses with future warming are expected to be low compared with other biomes. Nevertheless, the empirical basis for these global extrapolations is still poor in drylands, due to the low number of field experiments testing the pathways behind the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term responses of soil respiration (RS) to warming. Importantly, global drylands are covered with biocrusts (communities formed by bryophytes, lichens, cyanobacteria, fungi, and bacteria), and thus,RSresponses to warming may be driven by both autotrophic and heterotrophic pathways. Here, we evaluated the effects of 8\uffe2\uff80\uff90year experimental warming onRS, and the different pathways involved, in a biocrust\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated dryland in southern Spain. We also assessed the overall impacts on soil organic C (SOC) accumulation over time. Across the years and biocrust cover levels, warming reducedRSby 0.30\uffc2\uffa0\uffce\uffbcmol\uffc2\uffa0CO2\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffc2\uffa0s\uffe2\uff88\uff921(95% CI\uffc2\uffa0=\uffc2\uffa0\uffe2\uff88\uff920.24 to 0.84), although the negative warming effects were only significant after 3\uffc2\uffa0years of elevated temperatures in areas with low initial biocrust cover. We found support for different pathways regulating the warming\uffe2\uff80\uff90induced reduction inRSat areas with low (microbial thermal acclimation via reduced soil mass\uffe2\uff80\uff90specific respiration and \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase enzymatic activity) vs. high (microbial thermal acclimation jointly with a reduction in autotrophic respiration from decreased lichen cover) initial biocrust cover. Our 8\uffe2\uff80\uff90year experimental study shows a reduction in soil respiration with warming and highlights that biocrusts should be explicitly included in modeling efforts aimed to quantify the soil C\uffe2\uff80\uff93climate feedback in drylands.