{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.still.2008.11.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:17:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-01-08", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon And Fertility Interactions Affected By A Tillage Chronosequence In A Brazilian Oxisol", "description": "Abstract No-till (NT) adoption is an essential tool for development of sustainable agricultural systems, and how NT affects the soil organic C (SOC) dynamics is a key component of these systems. The effect of a plow tillage (PT) and NT age chronosequence on SOC concentration and interactions with soil fertility were assessed in a variable charge Oxisol, located in the South Center quadrant of Parana State, Brazil (50\u00b023\u2019W and 24\u00b036'S). The chronosequence consisted of the following six sites: (i) native field (NF); (ii) PT of the native field (PNF-1) involving conversion of natural vegetation to cropland; (iii) NT for 10 years (NT-10); (iv) NT for 20 years (NT-20); (v) NT for 22 years (NT-22); and (vi) conventional tillage for 22 years (CT-22) involving PT with one disking after summer harvest and one after winter harvest to 20\u00a0cm depth plus two harrow disking. Soil samples were collected from five depths (0\u20132.5; 2.5\u20135; 5\u201310; 10\u201320; and 20\u201340\u00a0cm) and SOC, pH (in H 2 O and KCl), \u0394pH, potential acidity, exchangeable bases, and cation exchangeable capacity (CEC) were measured. An increase in SOC concentration positively affected the pH, the negative charge and the CEC and negatively impacted potential acidity. Regression analyses indicated a close relationship between the SOC concentration and other parameters measured in this study. The regression fitted between SOC concentration and CEC showed a close relationship. There was an increase in negative charge and CEC with increase in SOC concentration: CEC increased by 0.37\u00a0cmol c \u00a0kg \u22121 for every g of C\u00a0kg \u22121 soil. The ratio of ECEC:SOC was 0.23\u00a0cmol c \u00a0kg \u22121 for NF and increased to 0.49\u00a0cmol c \u00a0kg \u22121 for NT-22. The rates of P and K for 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth increased by 9.66\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 and 17.93\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121 \u00a0yr \u22121 , respectively, with NF as a base line. The data presented support the conclusion that long-term NT is a useful strategy for improving fertility of soils with variable charge.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Soil management", "Soil organic matter", "Root depth", "Crop residues", "Cation exchange capacity (CEC)", "Conservation agriculture", "Chronosequence", "Acidity", "Sustainable agriculture", "No-till", "Soil ph", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil fertility", "Soil quality", "Tillage", "Variable charge", "Soil analysis", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Oxisols", "Field Scale"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.11.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2008.11.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2008.11.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2008.11.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/aob/mcab107", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:19:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-08-17", "title": "Disentangling water sources in a gypsum plant community. Gypsum crystallization water is a key source of water for shallow-rooted plants", "description": "AbstractBackground and Aims

Gypsum drylands are widespread worldwide. In these arid ecosystems, the ability of different species to access different water sources during drought is a key determining factor of the composition of plant communities. Gypsum crystallization water could be a relevant source of water for shallow-rooted plants, but the segregation in the use of this source of water among plants remains unexplored. We analysed the principal water sources used by 20 species living in a gypsum hilltop, the effect of rooting depth and gypsum affinity, and the interaction of the plants with the soil beneath them.

Methods

We characterized the water stable isotope composition, \uffce\uffb4\uffe2\uff80\uff8a2H and \uffce\uffb4\uffe2\uff80\uff8a18O, of plant xylem water and related it to the free and gypsum crystallization water extracted from different depths throughout the soil profile and the groundwater, in both spring and summer. Bayesian isotope mixing models were used to estimate the contribution of water sources to plant xylem sap.

Key Results

In spring, all species used free water from the top soil as the main source. In summer, there was segregation in water sources used by different species depending on their rooting depth, but not on their gypsum affinity. Gypsum crystallization water was the main source for most shallow-rooted species, whereas free water from 50 to 100 cm depth was the main source for deep-rooted species. We detected plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interactions in spring, and indirect evidence of possible hydraulic lift by deep-rooted species in summer.

Conclusions

Plants coexisting in gypsum communities segregate their hydrological niches according to their rooting depth. Crystallization water of gypsum represents an unaccounted for, vital source for most of the shallow-rooted species growing on gypsum drylands. Thus, crystallization water helps shallow-rooted species to endure arid conditions, which eventually accounts for the maintenance of high biodiversity in these specialized ecosystems.Gypsum drylands are widespread worldwide. In these arid ecosystems, the ability of different species to access different water sources during drought is a key determining factor of the composition of plant communities. Gypsum crystallization water could be a relevant source of water for shallow-rooted plants, but the segregation in the use of this source of water among plants remains unexplored. We analysed the principal water sources used by 20 species living in a gypsum hilltop, the effect of rooting depth and gypsum affinity, and the interaction of the plants with the soil beneath them.

Methods

We characterized the water stable isotope composition, \uffce\uffb4\uffe2\uff80\uff8a2H and \uffce\uffb4\uffe2\uff80\uff8a18O, of plant xylem water and related it to the free and gypsum crystallization water extracted from different depths throughout the soil profile and the groundwater, in both spring and summer. Bayesian isotope mixing models were used to estimate the contribution of water sources to plant xylem sap.

Key Results

In spring, all species used free water from the top soil as the main source. In summer, there was segregation in water sources used by different species depending on their rooting depth, but not on their gypsum affinity. Gypsum crystallization water was the main source for most shallow-rooted species, whereas free water from 50 to 100 cm depth was the main source for deep-rooted species. We detected plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interactions in spring, and indirect evidence of possible hydraulic lift by deep-rooted species in summer.

Conclusions

Plants coexisting in gypsum communities segregate their hydrological niches according to their rooting depth. Crystallization water of gypsum represents an unaccounted for, vital source for most of the shallow-rooted species growing on gypsum drylands. Thus, crystallization water helps shallow-rooted species to endure arid conditions, which eventually accounts for the maintenance of high biodiversity in these specialized ecosystems.Gypsum drylands are widespread worldwide. In these arid ecosystems, the ability of different species to access different water sources during drought is a key determining factor of the composition of plant communities. Gypsum crystallization water could be a relevant source of water for shallow-rooted plants, but the segregation in the use of this source of water among plants remains unexplored. We analysed the principal water sources used by 20 species living in a gypsum hilltop, the effect of rooting depth and gypsum affinity, and the interaction of the plants with the soil beneath them.

Methods

We characterized the water stable isotope composition, \uffce\uffb4\uffe2\uff80\uff8a2H and \uffce\uffb4\uffe2\uff80\uff8a18O, of plant xylem water and related it to the free and gypsum crystallization water extracted from different depths throughout the soil profile and the groundwater, in both spring and summer. Bayesian isotope mixing models were used to estimate the contribution of water sources to plant xylem sap.

Key Results

In spring, all species used free water from the top soil as the main source. In summer, there was segregation in water sources used by different species depending on their rooting depth, but not on their gypsum affinity. Gypsum crystallization water was the main source for most shallow-rooted species, whereas free water from 50 to 100 cm depth was the main source for deep-rooted species. We detected plant\uffe2\uff80\uff93soil interactions in spring, and indirect evidence of possible hydraulic lift by deep-rooted species in summer.

Conclusions

Plants coexisting in gypsum communities segregate their hydrological niches according to their rooting depth. Crystallization water of gypsum represents an unaccounted for, vital source for most of the shallow-rooted species growing on gypsum drylands. Thus, crystallization water helps shallow-rooted species to endure arid conditions, which eventually accounts for the maintenance of high biodiversity in these specialized ecosystems.