{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1111/gcb.15441", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:29Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-07", "title": "Ensemble modelling, uncertainty and robust predictions of organic carbon in long\u2010term bare\u2010fallow soils", "description": "Abstract<p>Simulation models represent soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in global carbon (C) cycle scenarios to support climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change studies. It is imperative to increase confidence in long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term predictions of SOC dynamics by reducing the uncertainty in model estimates. We evaluated SOC simulated from an ensemble of 26 process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based C models by comparing simulations to experimental data from seven long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term bare\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallow (vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff90free) plots at six sites: Denmark (two sites), France, Russia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The decay of SOC in these plots has been monitored for decades since the last inputs of plant material, providing the opportunity to test decomposition without the continuous input of new organic material. The models were run independently over multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90year simulation periods (from 28 to 80\uffc2\uffa0years) in a blind test with no calibration (Bln) and with the following three calibration scenarios, each providing different levels of information and/or allowing different levels of model fitting: (a) calibrating decomposition parameters separately at each experimental site (Spe); (b) using a generic, knowledge\uffe2\uff80\uff90based, parameterization applicable in the Central European region (Gen); and (c) using a combination of both (a) and (b) strategies (Mix). We addressed uncertainties from different modelling approaches with or without spin\uffe2\uff80\uff90up initialization of SOC. Changes in the multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90model median (MMM) of SOC were used as descriptors of the ensemble performance. On average across sites, Gen proved adequate in describing changes in SOC, with MMM equal to average SOC (and standard deviation) of 39.2 (\uffc2\uffb115.5)\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha compared to the observed mean of 36.0 (\uffc2\uffb119.7)\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha (last observed year), indicating sufficiently reliable SOC estimates. Moving to Mix (37.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa016.7\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha) and Spe (36.8\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa019.8\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha) provided only marginal gains in accuracy, but modellers would need to apply more knowledge and a greater calibration effort than in Gen, thereby limiting the wider applicability of models.</p", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "330", "550", "Supplementary Data", "soil organic carbon dynamics", "QH301 Biology", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil organic carbon dynamics", "bare\u2010fallow soils", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "630", "protocol for model comparison", "Russia", "QH301", "Soil", "NE/M021327/1", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Environmental Chemistry", "774378", "process based models", "European Commission", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "General Environmental Science", "Sweden", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "NE/P019455/1", "bare-fallow soils", "Uncertainty", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. 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Climate action", "[SDE]Environmental Sciences", "bare-fallow soils; model parametrization; process-based models; protocol for model comparison; soil organic carbon dynamics", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "774124", "France", "bare fallow soils", "model parametrization"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/809186/2/GCB-20-1834_Proof_fl.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/gcb.15441"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15441"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.15441", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.15441", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.15441"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/su7010705", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:19:11Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-01-08", "title": "History Of East European Chernozem Soil Degradation; Protection And Restoration By Tree Windbreaks In The Russian Steppe", "description": "<p>The physiographic region of the Central Russian Upland, situated in the Central part of Eastern Europe, is characterized by very fertile grassland soils\uffe2\uff80\uff94Chernozems (Mollisols in the USDA taxonomy). However, over the last several centuries this region has experienced intense land-use conversion. The most widespread and significant land-use change is the extensive cultivation of these soils. As a result, Chernozems of the region that were some of the most naturally fertile soils in the world with thick A horizons had become, by the second half of the 19th century, weakly productive, with decreased stocks of organic matter. When not protected by plant cover, water and wind erosion degraded the open fields. The investigation of methods for rehabilitation and restoration of Chernozems resulted  in the practice of afforestation of agricultural lands (mainly by windbreak planting). Preferences of agroforestry practices were initially connected with protection of cropland from wind and water erosion, improvement of microclimate for crop growth, and providing new refugia for wild animal and plant habitats. During the last several decades, tree windbreaks have begun to be viewed as ecosystems with great potential for atmospheric carbon sequestration, which plays a positive role in climate change mitigation. For the evaluation of windbreak influence on Chernozem soils, a study was developed with three field study areas across a climatic gradient from cool and wet in the north of the region to warm and dry in the south. Windbreak age ranged from 55\uffe2\uff80\uff9357 years. At each site, soil pits were prepared within the windbreak, the adjacent crop fields of 150 years of cultivation, and nearby undisturbed grassland. Profile descriptions were completed to a depth of 1.5 m.  A linear relationship was detected between the difference in organic-rich surface layer  (A + AB horizon) thickness of soils beneath windbreaks and undisturbed grasslands and  a climate index, the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC). These results indicate that windbreaks under relatively cooler and wetter climate conditions are more favorable for organic matter accumulation in the surface soil. For the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff93100 cm layer of the Chernozems beneath windbreaks, an increase in organic C stocks comparable with undisturbed grassland soils (15\uffe2\uff80\uff9363 Mg\uffc2\uffb7ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) was detected. Significant growth of soil organic matter stocks was identified not only for the upper 30 cm, but also for the deeper layer (30\uffe2\uff80\uff93100 cm) of afforested Chernozems. These findings illustrate that, in the central part of Eastern Europe, tree windbreaks improve soil quality by enhancing soil organic matter while providing a sink for atmospheric carbon in tree biomass and soil organic matter.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "degradation of soils", "Soil Science", "jel:Q0", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "jel:Q2", "15. Life on land", "jel:Q3", "soil science", "jel:Q5", "soil organic carbon", "Agronomy and Crop Sciences", "jel:O13", "13. Climate action", "Natural Resources and Conservation", "jel:Q", "afforestation", "Russian Chernozems; soil organic carbon; degradation of soils; restoration of soils; afforestation", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "jel:Q56", "Agricultural Science", "Russian Chernozems", "restoration of soils", "agriculture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/su7010705"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/su7010705", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/su7010705", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/su7010705"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.mf3gd/9", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-08-23T16:19:28Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "real-model1", "description": "settings and output for migrate-N model 1", "keywords": ["Spitsbergen", "Sweden", "Speciation", "the Netherlands", "Greenland", "population genetics", "SNP", "admixture", "Branta leucopsis", "cultural evolution", "migration modelling", "Russia"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jonker, Rudy M., Kraus, Robert H. S., Zhang, Qiong, Van Hooft, Pim, Larsson, Kjell, Van Der Jeugd, Henk P., Kurvers, Ralf H. J. M., Van Wieren, Sip E., Loonen, Maarten J. J. E., Crooijmans, Richard P. M. A., Ydenberg, Ronald C., Groenen, Martien A. M., Prins, Herbert H. T.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.mf3gd/9"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.mf3gd/9", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.mf3gd/9", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.mf3gd/9"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1069afa2-e7ee-4c57-8e5f-06cf489b7623", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[12.1, 41.2], [12.1, 60.0], [41.1, 60.0], [41.1, 41.2], [12.1, 41.2]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil science"}], "scheme": "Stratum"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Europe"}, {"id": "Eastern Europe"}, {"id": "Central Europe"}, {"id": "Bulgaria"}, {"id": "Czech Republic"}, {"id": "Belarus"}, {"id": "Hungary"}, {"id": "Moldova"}, {"id": "Poland"}, {"id": "Romania"}, {"id": "Russia"}, {"id": "Slovakia"}, {"id": "Ukraine"}, {"id": "Estonia"}, {"id": "Latvia"}, {"id": "Lithuania"}], "scheme": "Region"}], "updated": "2021-07-14T11:52:16", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "SOTER-based soil parameter estimates (SOTWIS) for Central and Eastern Europe, version 1.0", "description": "This harmonized set of soil parameter estimates for Central and Eastern Europe has been derived from a revised version of the 1:2.5M Soil and Terrain (SOTER) Database for Central and Eastern Europe (SOVEUR ver. 1.1) and the ISRIC-WISE soil profile database.\n\nThe land surface of Central and Eastern Europe, West of the Ural Mountains, has been characterized using 8361 unique maps or SOTER units. The corresponding GIS files include some 9500 mapped polygons, including miscellaneous units. The major soils have been described using 662 profiles, selected by national soil experts as being representative for these units. The associated soil analytical data have been derived from soil survey reports. These sources seldom hold all the physical and chemical attributes ideally required by SOTER. Gaps in the measured soil profile data have been filled using a procedure that uses taxotransfer rules, based on about 9600 soil profiles held in the WISE database, complemented with expert-rules. \n\nParameter estimates are presented by soil unit for fixed depth intervals of 0.2 m to 1 m depth for: organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH(H2O), CECsoil, CECclay, base saturation, effective CEC, aluminium saturation, CaCO3 content, gypsum content, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), electrical conductivity of saturated paste (ECe), bulk density, content of sand, silt and clay, content of coarse fragments (less than 2 mm), and available water capacity (-33 to -1500 kPa). These attributes have been identified as being useful for agro-ecological zoning, land evaluation, crop growth simulation, modelling of soil carbon stocks and change, and analyses of global environmental change. \n\nThe current parameter estimates should be seen as best estimates based on the current selection of soil profiles and data clustering procedure; taxotransfer rules have been flagged to provide an indication of the confidence in the derived data.\n\nResults are presented as summary files and can be linked to the 1:2.5M scale SOVEUR map in a GIS, through the unique SOTER-unit code. The secondary data are considered appropriate for studies at the continental scale (greater than 1:2.5 million); correlation of soil analytical data should be done more rigorously when more detailed scientific work is considered.", "formats": [{"name": "zip"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["calcium", "carbon", "cation exchange capacity", "electrical conductivity", "nitrogen", "organic matter", "bulk density", "soil profiles", "pH", "salinity", "texture", "water holding capacity", "nutrients", "Soil science", "Europe", "Eastern Europe", "Central Europe", "Bulgaria", "Czech Republic", "Belarus", "Hungary", "Moldova", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Slovakia", "Ukraine", "Estonia", "Latvia", "Lithuania"], "contacts": [{"name": "Niels Batjes", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Senior Soil Scientist", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "niels.batjes@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "denominator": "2500000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/sotwis/SOTWIS_SOVEUR_v1.zip", "name": "Download", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/projects/harmonized-continental-soter-derived-database-sotwis", "name": "Project webpage", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/sites/default/files/isric_report_2000_02a.pdf", "name": "Report", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/thumbnails/sotwis/SOTWIS_SOVEUR_v2.jpg", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1069afa2-e7ee-4c57-8e5f-06cf489b7623", "name": "item", "description": "1069afa2-e7ee-4c57-8e5f-06cf489b7623", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1069afa2-e7ee-4c57-8e5f-06cf489b7623"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1930-07-01T00:00:00Z", "1997-09-01T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "2164/17550", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:22:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-11-07", "title": "Ensemble modelling, uncertainty and robust predictions of organic carbon in long\u2010term bare\u2010fallow soils", "description": "Abstract<p>Simulation models represent soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in global carbon (C) cycle scenarios to support climate\uffe2\uff80\uff90change studies. It is imperative to increase confidence in long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term predictions of SOC dynamics by reducing the uncertainty in model estimates. We evaluated SOC simulated from an ensemble of 26 process\uffe2\uff80\uff90based C models by comparing simulations to experimental data from seven long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term bare\uffe2\uff80\uff90fallow (vegetation\uffe2\uff80\uff90free) plots at six sites: Denmark (two sites), France, Russia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The decay of SOC in these plots has been monitored for decades since the last inputs of plant material, providing the opportunity to test decomposition without the continuous input of new organic material. The models were run independently over multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90year simulation periods (from 28 to 80\uffc2\uffa0years) in a blind test with no calibration (Bln) and with the following three calibration scenarios, each providing different levels of information and/or allowing different levels of model fitting: (a) calibrating decomposition parameters separately at each experimental site (Spe); (b) using a generic, knowledge\uffe2\uff80\uff90based, parameterization applicable in the Central European region (Gen); and (c) using a combination of both (a) and (b) strategies (Mix). We addressed uncertainties from different modelling approaches with or without spin\uffe2\uff80\uff90up initialization of SOC. Changes in the multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90model median (MMM) of SOC were used as descriptors of the ensemble performance. On average across sites, Gen proved adequate in describing changes in SOC, with MMM equal to average SOC (and standard deviation) of 39.2 (\uffc2\uffb115.5)\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha compared to the observed mean of 36.0 (\uffc2\uffb119.7)\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha (last observed year), indicating sufficiently reliable SOC estimates. Moving to Mix (37.5\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa016.7\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha) and Spe (36.8\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb1\uffc2\uffa019.8\uffc2\uffa0Mg\uffc2\uffa0C/ha) provided only marginal gains in accuracy, but modellers would need to apply more knowledge and a greater calibration effort than in Gen, thereby limiting the wider applicability of models.</p", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "330", "550", "Supplementary Data", "soil organic carbon dynamics", "QH301 Biology", "[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes", "Soil organic carbon dynamics", "bare\u2010fallow soils", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "630", "protocol for model comparison", "Russia", "QH301", "Soil", "NE/M021327/1", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Environmental Chemistry", "774378", "process based models", "European Commission", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "Institut f\u00fcr Biochemie und Biologie", "General Environmental Science", "Sweden", "Global and Planetary Change", "Ecology", "Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)", "NE/P019455/1", "bare-fallow soils", "Uncertainty", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. 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N.", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/456cd2b02dc781f00135b116e0556149"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "456cd2b02dc781f00135b116e0556149", "name": "item", "description": "456cd2b02dc781f00135b116e0556149", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/456cd2b02dc781f00135b116e0556149"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "220be9b6-bf67-4ea0-b976-65ca57a863b5", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-29.0, 28.0], [-29.0, 82.0], [58.0, 82.0], [58.0, 28.0], [-29.0, 28.0]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "biota"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "EEA38 (from 2020)"}, {"id": "United Kingdom"}, {"id": "Andorra"}, {"id": "Belarus"}, {"id": "Monaco"}, {"id": "Russian Federation (European part)"}, {"id": "Moldova"}, {"id": "Georgia"}, {"id": "Ukraine"}, {"id": "San Marino"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [], "scheme": "EEA Management Plan"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Biodiversity"}], "scheme": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/themes"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "habitat"}, {"id": "forest"}, {"id": "terrestrial ecosystem"}, {"id": "forest biodiversity"}, {"id": "natural area"}, {"id": "woodland ecosystem"}, {"id": "grassland"}, {"id": "lichen"}, {"id": "moss"}, {"id": "heathland"}, {"id": "tundra"}, {"id": "salt marsh"}], "scheme": "http://geonetwork-opensource.org/gemet"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Habitats and biotopes"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/theme"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "Spatial scope"}], "updated": "2024-12-12T15:34:07.966861Z", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "EUNIS habitat probability - modelled distribution (spatial data)", "description": "Probability habitat mapping is a top-down approach where spaceborne observations such as satellite derived land cover data is used to refine the potential habitat suitability map into actual probability maps. As such, probability mapping refines bottom-up suitability maps and the result is a more targeted and limited extent of the modelled habitat distribution.\n\nProbability distribution maps were modelled for the following EUNIS habitat groups\nMA - Littoral biogenic habitat types (salt marshes)\nN - Coastal habitat types\nQ - Wetlands habitat types\nR - Grassland and lands dominated by forbs, mosses or lichens habitat types\nS - Heathland, scrub and tundra habitat types\nT - Forest and other wooded land habitat types\nU - Inland habitats with no or little soil and mostly with sparse vegetation\n\nThe data format is geoTIFF in 100 m resolution.\n\nThe EUNIS probability habitat distribution is modelled for level 3 in the hierarchy of the EUNIS habitat classification.", "keywords": ["EEA38 (from 2020)", "United Kingdom", "Andorra", "Belarus", "Monaco", "Russian Federation (European part)", "Moldova", "Georgia", "Ukraine", "San Marino", "Biodiversity", "habitat", "forest", "terrestrial ecosystem", "forest biodiversity", "natural area", "woodland ecosystem", "grassland", "lichen", "moss", "heathland", "tundra", "salt marsh", "Habitats and biotopes", "European"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sdi@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "http://www.eea.europa.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": "", "name": "European Environment Agency public website", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/99498d2c-7350-4655-b914-92c5b9e016c5.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "220be9b6-bf67-4ea0-b976-65ca57a863b5", "name": "item", "description": "220be9b6-bf67-4ea0-b976-65ca57a863b5", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/220be9b6-bf67-4ea0-b976-65ca57a863b5"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1940-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2017-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "b1fa4988-b511-48e3-9548-3c48f0a908fa", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[26.9, 41.2], [26.9, 70.0], [66.1, 70.0], [66.1, 41.2], [26.9, 41.2]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil science"}], "scheme": "Stratum"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Bulgaria"}, {"id": "Czech Republic"}, {"id": "Belarus"}, {"id": "Hungary"}, {"id": "Moldova"}, {"id": "Poland"}, {"id": "Romania"}, {"id": "Russia"}, {"id": "Slovakia"}, {"id": "Ukraine"}, {"id": "Estonia"}, {"id": "Latvia"}, {"id": "Lithuania"}, {"id": "Central Europe"}, {"id": "Eastern Europe"}], "scheme": "Region"}], "updated": "2021-07-14T11:52:22", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "Soil and Terrain Database for Central and Eastern Europe (SOVEUR), version 1.1", "description": "The Soil and Terrain Database (SOTER) was part of the Soil Degradation and Vulnerability Assessment for Central and Eastern Europe (SOVEUR project) and was implemented within the framework of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations and the Netherlands Government Cooperative Programme. \n\nThe project was technically coordinated by ISRIC - World Soil Information and assisted by the Land and Water Development Division (AGL) of FAO. The SOVEUR project has been carried out in close collaboration with specialists from soil survey institutes in Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, the Russian Federation, Slovak Republic and the Ukraine, who collated the various national soil data using uniform guidelines.", "formats": [{"name": "zip"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["calcium", "carbon", "cation exchange capacity", "electrical conductivity", "nitrogen", "organic matter", "bulk density", "soil profiles", "pH", "salinity", "texture", "water holding capacity", "nutrients", "Soil science", "Bulgaria", "Czech Republic", "Belarus", "Hungary", "Moldova", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Slovakia", "Ukraine", "Estonia", "Latvia", "Lithuania", "Central Europe", "Eastern Europe"], "contacts": [{"name": "Bas Kempen", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Soil mapping specialist", "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "bas.kempen@wur.nl"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "denominator": "2500000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/soter/EU-SOTER.zip", "name": "Download", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/index.php/projects/soil-and-terrain-soter-database-programme", "name": "Project webpage", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/sites/default/files/isric_report_1997_06.pdf", "name": "Report", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/thumbnails/soter/SOVEUR.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "b1fa4988-b511-48e3-9548-3c48f0a908fa", "name": "item", "description": "b1fa4988-b511-48e3-9548-3c48f0a908fa", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/b1fa4988-b511-48e3-9548-3c48f0a908fa"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1930-07-01T00:00:00Z", "1997-09-01T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "1b43939a-cb20-4eb8-b6e7-b454971ed933", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-29.0, 28.0], [-29.0, 82.0], [58.0, 82.0], [58.0, 28.0], [-29.0, 28.0]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "biota"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Habitats and biotopes"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "terrestrial ecosystem"}, {"id": "natural area"}, {"id": "forest"}, {"id": "forest biodiversity"}, {"id": "habitat"}, {"id": "woodland ecosystem"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "San Marino"}, {"id": "United Kingdom"}, {"id": "EEA38 (from 2020)"}, {"id": "Belarus"}, {"id": "Ukraine"}, {"id": "Moldova"}, {"id": "Russian Federation (European part)"}, {"id": "Georgia"}, {"id": "Andorra"}, {"id": "Monaco"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "European"}], "scheme": "http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/metadata-codelist/SpatialScope"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Biodiversity"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}], "updated": "2024-05-22T13:16:56.732012Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2019-03-01", "language": "eng", "title": "EUNIS forest and other wooded land habitat types, distribution based on vegetation plot data - version 1, Nov. 2021", "description": "This metadata corresponds to the EUNIS forest and other wooded land habitat types, distribution based on vegetation plot data dataset. \n\nThe forest and other wooded land habitat type is the land where the dominant vegetation is, or was until very recently, trees with a canopy cover of at least 10%. It includes temporarily unstocked areas due to clear-cutting as part of a forest management practice or natural disasters which are expected to be regenerated within 5 years but does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. Trees are defined as woody plants, typically single-stemmed, that can reach a height of at least 5 m at maturity unless stunted by poor climate or soil.  Includes Alnus and Populus swamp forest and riverine Salix forest. Excludes Corylus avellana scrub and Salix and Frangula carrs. Excludes lines of trees, coppices, regularly tilled tree nurseries. Excludes stands of climatically-limited dwarf trees (krummholz) < 3m high, such as occur at the arctic or alpine tree limit which are considered scrub (section S)\u00a0. Excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems, such as fruit tree plantations, olive orchards and agroforestry systems (dehesa and montado) where crops are grown under tree cover - canopy less than 10%, which are listed under sparsely wooded grasslands. Old plantations which have many of the characteristics of natural or semi-natural forests are included, more intensively managed, and less natural, forests are included in vegetated man-made habitats.\n\nThe verified forest and other wooded land habitat samples used are derived from the Braun-Blanquet database (http://www.sci.muni.cz/botany/vegsci/braun_blanquet.php?lang=en) which is a centralised database of vegetation plots and comprises copies of national and regional databases using a unified taxonomic reference database. The geographic extent of the distribution data are all European countries except Armenia and Azerbaijan. The dataset is provided both in Geodatabase and Geopackage formats.", "formats": [{"name": "GDB"}, {"name": "EEA:FOLDERPATH"}, {"name": "WWW:URL"}, {"name": "ESRI:REST"}, {"name": "OGC:WMS"}], "keywords": ["Habitats and biotopes", "terrestrial ecosystem", "natural area", "forest", "forest biodiversity", "habitat", "woodland ecosystem", "San Marino", "United Kingdom", "EEA38 (from 2020)", "Belarus", "Ukraine", "Moldova", "Russian Federation (European part)", "Georgia", "Andorra", "Monaco", "European", "Biodiversity"], "contacts": [{"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": null, "roles": ["pointOfContact"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sdi@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": {"url": "http://www.eea.europa.eu", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link", "protocol_url": "", "name": "European Environment Agency public website", "name_url": "", "description": null, "description_url": "", "applicationprofile": null, "applicationprofile_url": "", "function": "information"}}]}, {"name": null, "organization": "European Environment Agency", "position": "Environmental data centre for biodiversity", "roles": ["custodian"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "sdi@eea.europa.eu"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Kongens Nytorv 6"], "city": "Copenhagen", "administrativeArea": "K", "postalCode": "1050", "country": "Denmark"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "denominator": "10000000", "edition": "01.00"}, "links": [{"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/webdav/datastore/public/eea_v_3035_10_mio_eunis-hab-t_p_1940-2017_v01_r00/", "protocol": "EEA:FOLDERPATH", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/data/1b43939a-cb20-4eb8-b6e7-b454971ed933", "name": "Direct download", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://bio.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/rest/services/EUNIS/Forest_Distribution_point/MapServer", "name": "Vegetation Plot Layer", "protocol": "ESRI:REST", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://bio.discomap.eea.europa.eu/arcgis/services/EUNIS/Forest_Distribution_point/MapServer/WMSServer?request=GetCapabilities&service=WMS", "protocol": "OGC:WMS", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/data/f5946d76-bf09-4261-8f2e-6218210ae3af", "name": "EUNIS documentation for habitat classification", "protocol": "WWW:URL", "rel": null}, {"href": "https://sdi.eea.europa.eu/public/catalogue-graphic-overview/1b43939a-cb20-4eb8-b6e7-b454971ed933.png", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1b43939a-cb20-4eb8-b6e7-b454971ed933", "name": "item", "description": "1b43939a-cb20-4eb8-b6e7-b454971ed933", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1b43939a-cb20-4eb8-b6e7-b454971ed933"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1940-01-01T00:00:00Z", "2017-12-31T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "f9f23e4f-903a-4dfe-bfc4-0e6bf362b09a", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[12.1, 41.2], [12.1, 60.0], [41.1, 60.0], [41.1, 41.2], [12.1, 41.2]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "geoscientificInformation"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil science"}], "scheme": "Stratum"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Europe"}, {"id": "Eastern Europe"}, {"id": "Central Europe"}, {"id": "Bulgaria"}, {"id": "Czech Republic"}, {"id": "Belarus"}, {"id": "Hungary"}, {"id": "Moldova"}, {"id": "Poland"}, {"id": "Romania"}, {"id": "Russia"}, {"id": "Slovakia"}, {"id": "Ukraine"}, {"id": "Estonia"}, {"id": "Latvia"}, {"id": "Lithuania"}], "scheme": "Region"}], "updated": "2021-07-14T11:51:39", "type": "Dataset", "language": "eng", "title": "SOTER-based soil parameter estimates (SOTWIS) for Central and Eastern Europe, version 2.0", "description": "This harmonized set of soil parameter estimates for Central and Eastern Europe has been derived from a revised version of the 1:2.5M Soil and Terrain (SOTER) Database for Central and Eastern Europe (SOVEUR ver. 1.1) and the ISRIC-WISE soil profile database.\n\nThe land surface of Central and Eastern Europe, West of the Ural Mountains, has been characterized using 8361 unique maps or SOTER units. The corresponding GIS files include some 9500 mapped polygons, including miscellaneous units. The major soils have been described using 662 profiles, selected by national soil experts as being representative for these units. The associated soil analytical data have been derived from soil survey reports. These sources seldom hold all the physical and chemical attributes ideally required by SOTER. Gaps in the measured soil profile data have been filled using a procedure that uses taxotransfer rules, based on about 9600 soil profiles held in the WISE database, complemented with expert-rules. \n\nParameter estimates are presented by soil unit for fixed depth intervals of 0.2 m to 1 m depth for: organic carbon, total nitrogen, pH(H2O), CECsoil, CECclay, base saturation, effective CEC, aluminium saturation, CaCO3 content, gypsum content, exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), electrical conductivity of saturated paste (ECe), bulk density, content of sand, silt and clay, content of coarse fragments (less than 2 mm), and available water capacity (-33 to -1500 kPa). These attributes have been identified as being useful for agro-ecological zoning, land evaluation, crop growth simulation, modelling of soil carbon stocks and change, and analyses of global environmental change. \n\nThe current parameter estimates should be seen as best estimates based on the current selection of soil profiles and data clustering procedure; taxotransfer rules have been flagged to provide an indication of the confidence in the derived data.\n\nResults are presented as summary files and can be linked to the 1:2.5M scale SOVEUR map in a GIS, through the unique SOTER-unit code. The secondary data are considered appropriate for studies at the continental scale (greater than1:2.5 million); correlation of soil analytical data should be done more rigorously when more detailed scientific work is considered.", "formats": [{"name": "zip"}, {"name": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download"}, {"name": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related"}], "keywords": ["calcium", "carbon", "cation exchange capacity", "electrical conductivity", "nitrogen", "organic matter", "bulk density", "soil profiles", "pH", "salinity", "texture", "water holding capacity", "nutrients", "Soil science", "Europe", "Eastern Europe", "Central Europe", "Bulgaria", "Czech Republic", "Belarus", "Hungary", "Moldova", "Poland", "Romania", "Russia", "Slovakia", "Ukraine", "Estonia", "Latvia", "Lithuania"], "contacts": [{"name": "Niels Batjes", "organization": "ISRIC - World Soil Information", "position": "Senior Soil Scientist", "roles": ["Author"], "phones": [{"value": null}], "emails": [{"value": "niels.batjes@isric.org"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["PO Box 353"], "city": "Wageningen", "administrativeArea": null, "postalCode": "6700AJ", "country": "Netherlands"}], "links": [{"href": null}]}], "denominator": "2500000"}, "links": [{"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/sotwis/SOTWIS_SOVEUR_v2.zip", "name": "Download", "protocol": "WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-ftp--download", "rel": "download"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/projects/harmonized-continental-soter-derived-database-sotwis", "name": "Project webpage", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://isric.org/sites/default/files/isric_report_2000_02a.pdf", "name": "Report", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related", "rel": "information"}, {"href": "https://files.isric.org/public/thumbnails/sotwis/SOTWIS_SOVEUR_v2.jpg", "name": "preview", "description": "Web image thumbnail (URL)", "protocol": "WWW:LINK-1.0-http--image-thumbnail", "rel": "preview"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "f9f23e4f-903a-4dfe-bfc4-0e6bf362b09a", "name": "item", "description": "f9f23e4f-903a-4dfe-bfc4-0e6bf362b09a", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/f9f23e4f-903a-4dfe-bfc4-0e6bf362b09a"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"interval": ["1930-07-01T00:00:00Z", "1997-09-01T00:00:00Z"]}}, {"id": "707f3c1f-4ecd-4cd1-bb7e-5091f0f36c4c", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[-29.0, 28.0], [-29.0, 82.0], [58.0, 82.0], [58.0, 28.0], [-29.0, 28.0]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "biota"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Habitats and biotopes"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "terrestrial ecosystem"}, {"id": "habitat"}, {"id": "natural area"}], "scheme": "GEMET"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Monaco"}, {"id": "Moldova"}, {"id": "EEA38 (from 2020)"}, {"id": "Russian Federation (European part)"}, {"id": "Andorra"}, {"id": "Georgia"}, {"id": "Ukraine"}, {"id": "San Marino"}, {"id": "United Kingdom"}, {"id": "Belarus"}], "scheme": "Continents, countries, sea regions of the world."}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Biodiversity"}], "scheme": "EEA topics"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "2021 1.1.4"}], "scheme": "EEA Management Plan"}], "license": "License CC-BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Copyright holder: European Environment Agency (EEA).", "updated": "2025-10-09T10:57:04.099513Z", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2019-03-01", "language": "eng", "title": "EUNIS Inland habitats with no or little soil and mostly with sparse vegetation, distribution based on vegetation plot data - version 1, Nov. 2021", "description": "This metadata corresponds to the EUNIS Inland habitats with no or little soil and mostly with sparse vegetation, distribution based on vegetation plot data dataset. \n\nThese habitat types are non-coastal habitats on substrates with no or little development of soil, mostly with less than 30% vegetation cover which are dry or only seasonally wet (with the water table at or above ground level for less than half of the year). Habitats which may have a high vegetation cover  include crevices of rocks, screes or cliffs and habitats formed by carpets of moss. Includes subterranean non-marine caves and passages including underground waters and disused underground mines and habitats characterised by the presence of permanent snow and surface ice other than marine ice bodies\n\nThe verified inland habitats with no or little soil and mostly with sparse vegetation samples used are derived from the Braun-Blanquet database (http://www.sci.muni.cz/botany/vegsci/braun_blanquet.php?lang=en) which is a centralised database of vegetation plots and comprises copies of national and regional databases using a unified taxonomic reference database. The geographic extent of the distribution data are all European countries except Armenia and Azerbaijan. 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