{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-26", "title": "Crop Growth And Nitrogen Turnover Under Increased Temperatures And Low Autumn And Winter Light Intensity", "description": "Abstract   The rise in mean annual temperatures under the projected climate change will affect both soil organic matter turnover and cropping patterns in agriculture. Nitrogen (N) mineralization may be higher during autumn and winter and may increase the risk of nitrate leaching. Our study tested whether a soil cover of winter wheat or a ryegrass catch crop would be able to take up the extra N mineralized during autumn and winter under the low light conditions in Northern Europe, both at current average temperatures (T0) and at 4\u00a0\u00b0C (T+4) and 8\u00a0\u00b0C (T+8) above average. The crops were grown in pots in growth chambers from mid-September to February. Two sowing times were included for winter wheat, with an early sowing in September representing current practice and a late sowing in October to reflect possible future cropping conditions. Biomass yield and soil inorganic N were determined from replicate pots in November, December and February. Reference pots with bare soil were included. N mineralization clearly increased with higher temperatures with, respectively, 22% and 80% more N mineralized in bare soil at T+4 and T+8 than at T0 after 136 days. The ryegrass catch crop emptied the soil of inorganic N very efficiently during both autumn and winter months at all temperatures. The early-sown wheat crop left negligible amounts of inorganic N in the soil at the last harvest in February at T+4 and T+8, whereas it was unable to take up all mineralized N at T0. The prolonged period without a crop before the late sowing of wheat caused generally higher levels of inorganic N to accumulate in soil. Despite the higher mineralization under the raised temperatures, at T+8 the late-sown winter wheat was able to reduce soil inorganic N to a lower level than late-sown wheat at the two lower temperatures. The results indicate that even at the low light intensity during autumn and winter, accelerated N mineralization caused by raised temperatures can potentially be offset by crop N uptake. However, sowing should take place sufficiently early in the autumn to give the crop time to capture the additional N mineralized during autumn, and this may collide with the projected need for later sowing of winter cereals under a warmer climate.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agriculture%2C%20Ecosystems%20%26amp%3B%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agee.2010.07.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-10-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.067", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-12-28", "title": "Microbiological Indicators Of Soil Quality In A Riparian Forest Recovery Gradient", "description": "Abstract   There are only some very small undisturbed forest fragments still remaining in the state Sao Paulo, Brazil, and loss of biodiversity and soil functions has been generalized. The few studies undertaken on this subject did not include any microbiological survey and interactions between microbiological and physical\u2013chemical attributes to assist in understanding the development of this system. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify microbiological indicators of soil quality that vary with seasonality and physical and chemical characteristics or along a time gradient of four areas\u2014undisturbed forest (NT) and 20 (R20), 10 (R10), and 5 year-old (R05) recovering reforested areas\u2014in two seasons (austral summer and winter). All analyzed soils had a high bulk density, due to mechanization during the course of sugar cane plantation. Lower soil bulk density values were found at NT (1.33\u00a0g\u00a0cm \u22123 ) and R20 (1.37\u00a0g\u00a0cm \u22123  Macroporosity at NT (0.21\u00a0m 3 \u00a0m \u22123 ) was about twice as high than at R20 and R10, and four times higher than at R05. Also, total carbon (TC) and total N (TN) were twice as high at NT in both seasons. NO 3 \u2013N contents varied according to season and recovery age, being greatest at the NT site and about three times higher in summer. Microbial biomass of carbon (MBC) and urease varied consistently with recovery age, independently of eventual differences in soil physical attributes. Dehydrogenase, in the winter, was most influenced by soil texture. Attributes as humidity and microporosity had a negative influence on dehydrogenase activity and on MBN. Soil bulk density was negatively correlated with the microbial biomass and urease activity. On the other hand, macroporosity had a positive effect on CO 2 \u2013C evolution, microbial biomass of nitrogen (MBN) and acid phosphatase activity. There was a higher correlation between microbiological attributes, especially between MBC, MBN, and urease or dehydrogenase activity. T-RFLP showed greater similarity of the  Bacteria  community between NT and R20, only in the summer. We expect that these findings can help to understand and interpret oncoming studies and will be applicable to other systems focusing on the comparison of sites with differences in recovery age or soil chemical and physical attributes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.067"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.067", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.067", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.067"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.124", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-26", "title": "Effects of grazing exclusion on carbon sequestration and plant diversity in grasslands of China A meta-analysis", "description": "Abstract   Widespread land degradation has strengthened the urgent need to restore overgrazing grasslands. China has implemented the program \u2018Returning Grazing Land to Grassland\u2019 (RGLG) through grazing exclusion by fence since 2003. Despite a lot of field experiments, there is still controversy on the effects of grazing exclusion on rangeland restoration, highlighting the need for synthetic analysis. We conducted a meta-analysis of 447 entries from 78 papers to analyze the spatiotemporal effects of grazing exclusion on plant diversity, productivity and soil carbon sequestration in the major RGLG-implemented provinces of China. Our results showed that, compared with the grazed sites, grazing exclusion significantly increased carbon stored in aboveground biomass, litter mass, belowground biomass and soils by 84.7%, 111.6%, 25.5% and 14.4%, respectively. Plant coverage, soil available nitrogen, soil available phosphorus and soil microbial biomass carbon increased by 52.0%, 21.7% 22.8% and 26.3%, respectively. However, grazing exclusion had little effects on recovering plant diversity in China\u2019s grasslands. Of the factors examined, climatic factors strongly modified the effects of grazing exclusion on ecosystem carbon stocks, for example, precipitation significantly amplified the positive effects. Grazing exclusion played a positive role in soil carbon sequestration in most grassland types except in temperate desert-steppe. But annual soil carbon sequestration rates decayed rapidly over time in both alpine meadow and temperate steppe. Short-term (\u22645\u00a0years) grazing exclusion remarkably increased species richness, but not significantly in the long run. The threshold from neutral to negative effects of grazing exclusion on species evenness occurs after approximately ten years. Our findings provide evidence that grazing exclusion is an effective way to restore vegetation and sequestrate carbon in degraded grasslands, but not beneficial to plant diversity maintenance. The benefits of grazing exclusion are more effective in humid area than arid area. We suggest that grazing exclusion should be ceased after about six to ten years. Additionally, grazing exclusion should integrate with other appropriate management practices instead of operating on a stand-alone basis.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.124"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecological%20Engineering", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.124", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.124", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.06.124"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:44Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-07-24", "title": "Modelling Soil Organic Carbon Turnover In Improved Fallows In Eastern Zambia Using The Rothc-26.3 Model", "description": "Abstract   Scarcity of simple and reliable methods of estimating soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover and lack of data from long-term experiments make it difficult to estimate attainable soil C sequestration in tropical improved fallows. Testing and validating existing and widely used SOC models would help to determine attainable C storage in fallows. The Rothamsted C (RothC) model, therefore, was tested using empirical data from improved fallows at Msekera in eastern Zambia. This study (i) determined the effects of nitrogen fixing tree (NFT) species on aboveground organic C inputs to the soil and SOC stocks, (ii) estimated annual net organic C inputs to the soil using the RothC, and (iii) tested the performance of RothC model using empirical data from improved fallows. Soil samples (0\u201320\u00a0cm) were collected from coppicing and non-coppicing fallow experiments in October 2002 for determination of SOC by LECO CHN-1000 analyser. Data on surface litter, maize and weed biomasses, and on weather, were supplied by the Zambia/ICRAF Agroforestry Project. Measured SOC stocks to 20\u00a0cm depth ranged from 32.2 to 37.8\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in coppicing fallows and 29.5 to 30.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in non-coppicing fallows compared to 22.2\u201326.2\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in maize monoculture systems. Coppicing fallows accumulated more SOC (680\u20131150\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121) than non-coppicing fallows (410\u2013789\u00a0g\u00a0m\u22122\u00a0year\u22121). While treatments with NFTs accumulated more SOC than NFT-free systems, SOC stocks increased with increasing tree biomass production and tree rotation. For food security and C sequestration, coppicing fallows are a potentially viable option.  The RothC-26.3 model calculates the effect of annual above- and below-ground plant residue inputs to the soil on total organic C, microbial biomass, and radiocarbon age of the soil over a period ranging from a few years to centuries. As plant residue inputs from roots during plant growth are rarely known, the model is most often run in \u2018inverse\u2019 mode to generate total annual plant residue inputs from known soil, site, and weather data. The model, run in reverse, estimated the annual net organic C inputs required to maintain SOC stocks. Estimates ranged from 2.8 to 6.1\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in coppicing fallows, 2.2\u20135.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in non-coppicing fallows, and from 1.4 to 2.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 in controls. Modelled inputs comprising above- and below-ground organic residues in fallows were 12\u2013104% greater than measured above-ground inputs alone. The model provided a good fit to empirical SOC data in fertilized maize monoculture, and in coppicing and non-coppicing fallows. Modelled inputs for Leucaena, Gliricidia, Senna, Sesbania, and Cajanus closely matched plant C input values estimated in separate studies, suggesting that RothC is giving reasonable simulations of soil C changes under improved fallow conditions in Zambia. However, the DPM/RPM ratio for plant C inputs in fallows was increased from 0.25 to 1.10 to suit their biodegradability characteristics. The RothC model can be used to calculate annual organic C inputs and SOC stocks in improved fallows provided suitable DPM:RPM ratios are used.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.06.017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-08-04", "title": "Thinning Method And Intensity Influence Long-Term Mortality Trends In A Red Pine Forest", "description": "Tree mortality shapes forest development, but rising mortality can represent lost production or an adverse response to changing environmental conditions. Thinning represents a strategy for reducing mortality rates, but different thinning techniques and intensities could have varying impacts depending on how they alter stand structure. We analyzed trends in stand structure, relative density, stand-scale mortality, climate, and correlations between mortality and climate over 46 years of thinning treatments in a red pine forest in Northern Minnesota, USA to examine how thinning techniques that remove trees of different crown classes interact with growing stock manipulation to impact patterns of tree mortality. Relative density in unharvested plots increased during the first 25 years of the study to around 80%, then began to plateau, but was lower (12-62%) in thinned stands. Mortality in unharvested plots claimed 2.5 times more stems yr\u22121 and 8.6 times as large a proportion of annual biomass increment during the last 21 years of the study compared to the first 25 years, but showed few temporal trends in thinned stands. Mortality in thinning treatments was generally lower than in controls, particularly during the last 21 years of the study when mortality averaged about 0.1% of stems yr \u22121 and 4% of biomass increment across thinning treatments, but 0.8% of stems yr \u22121 and 49% of biomass increment in unharvested plots. Treatments that combined thinning from above with low growing stock levels represented an exception, where mortality exceeded biomass production after initial thinning. Mortality averaged less than 0.1% of stems yr\u22121 and less than 1% of annual biomass production in stands thinned from below. These trends suggest thinning from below minimizes mortality across a wide range of growing stock levels while thinning from above to low growing stock levels can result in dramatic short-term increases in mortality. Moderate to high growing stock levels (21-34 m 2 ha \u22121 ) may offer greater flexibility for limiting mortality across a range of thinning methods. Mean and maximum annual and growing season temperatures rose by 0.6-1.8 \u25e6C during the study, and temperature variables were positively correlated with mortality in unharvested plots. Mortality increases in unharvested plots, however, were consistent with self-thinning principles and probably not driven by rising temperatures. These results suggest interactions between thinning method and intensity influence mortality reductions associated with thinning, and demonstrate the need for broader consideration of developmental processes as potential explanations for increased", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forest%20Ecology%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.foreco.2010.07.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.035", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-07-02", "title": "Experimentally determined Si isotope fractionation between zircon and quartz", "description": "Abstract   The silicon isotope composition of detrital quartz and zircon have the potential to inform us about secular changes to the silica cycle and weathering reactions on Earth. However, inferring source melt Si isotope composition from out-of-context minerals is hampered by the fact that, to-date, there is limited Si isotope equilibrium fractionation data for minerals. Here, we report experimental data to constrain Si isotope equilibrium fractionation between zircon and quartz, using two fundamentally different strategies, but with the same experimental design. First, zircon and quartz were hydrothermally synthesized from Zr(OH)4 and SiO2 at 1.5\u202fGPa and temperatures of 725, 800, and 900\u202f\u00b0C. The second experimental strategy utilized the three-isotope method; the starting materials consisted of natural zircon and isotopically-labelled SiO2. Three sets of hydrothermal time-series experiments were conducted at the same pressure and temperatures as the direct synthesis experiments. For all experiments, quartz and zircon were separated and 30Si/28Si and 29Si/28Si ratios were measured by solution multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The three-isotope method, which provides the best indicator of equilibrium fractionations, yields the following relationship:        \u0394   30   S  i   (  q  t  z  -  z  r  c  )   =   (  0.53  \u00b1  0.14  )   \u00d7    10   6   /    T   2       where \u039430Si(qtz-zrc) is the relative difference in 30Si/28Si between quartz and zircon in permil, T is temperature in K, and the error is 2\u202fs.e. This relationship can be used to calculate the fractionation between zircon and other phases, and to estimate the Si isotope composition of the melt from which a zircon crystallized. The results may be used to assess equilibrium-disequilibrium isotope fractionations between quartz and zircon and co-existing phases in igneous rocks. These data can also be applied to out-of-context zircon (and quartz) to estimate the isotope composition of the host rock. Zircons crystallizing from a melt derived from purely igneous sources \u2013 i.e., without the involvement of \u201cweathered\u201d material \u2013 are expected to display a \u03b430SiNBS-28 (permil deviation of the 30Si/28Si from the NBS-28 standard) range from \u22120.7 to \u22120.35\u2030. Deviations from this range indicate assimilation of non-igneous (i.e., sedimentary) material in the melt source.", "keywords": ["Zircon", "GE", "550", "NDAS", "Quartz", "Si isotopes", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "Three-istope", "[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "13. Climate action", "Igneous", "Three-isotope", "[SDU.STU.GC] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry", "Fractionation", "GE Environmental Sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.035"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geochimica%20et%20Cosmochimica%20Acta", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.035", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.035", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.035"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:50Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-05-08", "title": "Two Decades Of Low-Severity Prescribed Fire Increases Soil Nutrient Availability In A Midwestern, Usa Oak (Quercus) Forest", "description": "Abstract   For the last 23\u00a0years, low-severity prescribed fire has been used to decrease shade and fire tolerant tree species, increase oak ( Quercus  spp.), and increase herbaceous plant diversity in the East Woods of The Morton Arboretum, Lisle, Illinois, USA. The impacts of these fires on the belowground ecosystem have yet to be measured. Soil (0 to 10\u00a0cm) and litter samples were collected 12, 19, and 24\u00a0months following the most recent fire on 40 plots in burned and un-burned control areas. Soil physical, chemical, and biological properties were measured and compared with vegetation composition and structure from these same plots. Compared to un-burned controls, burn plots had greater canopy openness, greater herbaceous richness, and a lower spring/summer herbaceous ratio. Burned plots had higher soil moisture content, pH, electrical conductivity, Ca 2\u00a0+ , Mg 2\u00a0+ , K + , Na + , NO 3  \u2212 , total N, particulate organic matter (POM), total organic C, and potential N mineralization. Soil microbial biomass and respiration, texture, color, aggregate stability, and hydrophobicity were not different in burned compared to un-burned plots. Indices of litter and soil invertebrate diversity were also not affected by prescribed fire. Three stepwise least squares models predicted woody richness, herbaceous richness, and spring/summer herbs with aspect, litter invertebrate richness, and soil factors (pH, potential N mineralization, C/N ratio, Mg 2\u00a0+ , Bray P, and soil invertebrate Simpson index). These results confirm others showing prescribed fire to increase soil nutrient availability. Forest structural changes with fire appear correlated with soil nutrient availability. Decreased soil C, nutrient retention, invertebrate diversity, or increased hydrophobicity and the presence of exotic plants is often observed with high-severity fire; but, these negative impacts do not appear to be present with these long-term, low-severity fires.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "K.A. Jacobs, Marlin L. Bowles, Bryant C. Scharenbroch, B. Nix,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2012.03.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-28", "title": "High-resolution and three-dimensional mapping of soil texture of China", "description": "The lack of detailed three-dimensional soil texture information largely restricts many applications in agriculture, hydrology, climate, ecology and environment. This study predicted 90 m resolution spatial variations of sand, silt and clay contents at a national extent across China and at multiple depths 0\u20135, 5\u201315, 15\u201330, 30\u201360, 60\u2013100 and 100\u2013200 cm. We used 4579 soil profiles collected from a national soil series inventory conducted recently and currently available environmental covariates. The covariates characterized environmental factors including climate, parent materials, terrain, vegetation and soil conditions. We constructed random forest models and employed a parallel computing strategy for the predictions of soil texture fractions based on its relationship with the environmental factors. Quantile regression forest was used to estimate the uncertainty of the predictions. Results showed that the predicted maps were much more accurate and detailed than the conventional linkage maps and the SoilGrids250m product, and could well represent spatial variation of soil texture across China. The relative accuracy improvement was around 245\u2013370% relative to the linkage maps and 83\u2013112% relative to the SoilGrids250m product with regard to the R2, and it was around 24\u201326% and 14\u201319% respectively with regard to the RMSE. The wide range between 5% lower and 95% upper prediction limits may suggest that there was a substantial room to improve current predictions. Besides, we found that climate and terrain factors are major controllers for spatial patterns of soil texture in China. The heat and water-driven physical and chemical weathering and wind-driven erosion processes primarily shape the pattern of clay content. The terrain, wind and water-driven deposition, erosion and transportation sorting processes of soil particles primarily shape the pattern of silt. The findings provide clues for modeling future soil evolution and for national soil security management under the background of global and regional environmental changes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Digital soil mapping", "13. Climate action", "Large extent", "Machine learning", "Environmental factors", "Uncertainty", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Geoderma", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.geoderma.2019.114061"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-01-24", "title": "Physical And Chemical Properties Of Soils Under Some Pi\u00f1on-Juniper-Oak Canopies In A Semi-Arid Ecosystem In New Mexico", "description": "Abstract   Pinon ( Pinus edulis )-juniper ( Juniperus monosperma )-ecosystems increased substantially in the western USA during the 20th century. Sustainability of these ecosystems primarily depends on soil quality and water availability. This study was undertaken with the objective of assessing the effect of tree species on soil physical quality in a semi-arid region in the western part of Sugarite Canyon, northeast of Raton, Colfax County, NM (37\u00b056\u203232\u2033N and 104\u00b023\u203200\u2033W) USA. Three cores and three bulk soil samples were obtained from the site under the canopy of three juniper, Gambel oak ( Quercus gambelii ) and pinon trees for 0\u201310 and 10\u201320\u00a0cm depths. These samples were analyzed for particle size distribution, soil bulk density ( \u03c1  b ), water stable aggregation (WSA), mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates, pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations and stocks. Sand content was greater under juniper (48%) than oak (32%), whereas clay content followed the opposite trend. The  \u03c1  b , WSA, MWD, pH and EC were similar under juniper, pinon, oak canopies for both depths. Estimated (from Philip and Green and Ampt infiltration models) and measured water infiltration parameters did not vary among these sites and were in accord with the values for  \u03c1  b , WSA and MWD. The SOC concentrations and stocks were greater under oak (43.1\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for 0\u201310 and 37.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for 10\u201320\u00a0cm depths) than pinon (23.3\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for 0\u201310 and 18.5\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for 10\u201320\u00a0cm depths). The TN concentrations were greater under oak (3.4\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ) than pinon (1.7\u00a0g\u00a0kg \u22121 ) for the 0\u201310\u00a0cm depth only. Accumulation of detritus material under tree canopies reduced soil compaction and crusting caused by raindrop impact and increased SOC, and TN concentrations, and water infiltration. Coefficients of variation ranged from low to moderate for most soil properties except infiltration rate at 2.5\u00a0h, which was highly variable. Overall, soil quality for each site was good and soil aggregation, water infiltration and SOC concentrations were high, and soil  \u03c1  b  was low.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Clifton W. Meyer, Rattan Lal, Manoj K. Shukla, Michael H. Ebinger,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Arid%20Environments", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2005.12.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-02-02", "title": "Effects Of Temperature And Nitrate On Phosphomonoesterase Activities Between Carbon Source And Sink Tissues In Zostera Marina L.", "description": "Inorganic phosphorus (P;) is important in the regulation of many carbon and nitrogen metabolic processes of plants. In this study, we examined alterations of phosphomonoesterase activity (PA; both alkaline and acid) in a submersed marine angiosperm, Zostera marina, grown in P i  non-limiting conditions under elevated temperature and/or nitrate enrichment. Control plants (ambient water-column NO 3  <2.5 \u03bcM, with weekly mean water temperatures between 26.5-27.0 \u00b0C based on a 20-yr data set in a local embayment) were compared to treated plants that were exposed to increased water-column nitrate (8 \u03bcM NO 3  above ambient, pulsed daily at 0900 h), and/or increased temperature (ca. 3 \u00b0C above weekly means) over eight weeks in late summer-fall. Under both nitrate regimes, increased temperature resulted in periodic increased leaf and root-rhizome tissue carbon content, and increased acid and alkaline PA activities (AcPAs and AlPAs, respectively). There was a positive correlation between A1PA and AcPA activities and sucrose synthase activities in belowground structures, and a negative correlation between A1PA activities and sucrose concentrations. There were also periodic changes in PA partitioning between carbon source and sink tissues. In high-temperature and high-nitrate treatments, AcPAs significantly increased in leaves relative to activities in root-rhizome tissues (up to 12-fold higher in aboveground than belowground tissues in as little as 3 weeks after initiation of treatments). These responses were not observed in control plants, which maintained comparable AcPA activities in above- and belowground tissues. In addition, A1PA activity was significantly higher in leaf than in root-rhizome tissues of plants in high-temperature (weeks 3 and 6) and high temperature combined with high nitrate treatments (week 8), relative to A1PA activities in control plants. The observed changes in PAs were not related to P, growth limitation, and may allow Z. marina to alter its carbon metabolism during periods of increased carbon demand/mobilization. This response would make it possible for Z. marina to meet short-term P requirements to maximize carbon production/allocation. Such a mechanism could help to explain the variability in PA activities that has been observed for many plant species during periods when environmental P i  exceeds requirements for optimal growth.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "JoAnn M. Burkholder, Brant W. Touchette,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Experimental%20Marine%20Biology%20and%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jembe.2006.11.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-08", "title": "Smartphone-based tension disc infiltrometer for soil hydraulic characterisation", "description": "31 Pags.- 18 Figs.- 1 Tabl.  The definitive version is available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00221694 The tension disc infiltrometer has become a widespread method to measure soil hydraulic properties under unsaturated conditions. Although several automated devices have been developed, most designs include an elongated water reservoir and a pressure transducer with electronic components to register the water level, increasing its cost and limiting its application. The objective of this work is to present a new tension disc infiltrometer with a compact design of 10 cm diameter and height, where the water level is monitored by a smartphone camera. The infiltration curve is determined from the automated analysis of the images recorded by the smartphone without additional electronic components. The device was first validated in the laboratory by comparing visual measurements (V), the camera imagery (Ca) and a pressure transducer (PT). Next, it was tested on field infiltration experiments. Robust fits (R2 = 0.99) were found between the water level measured with Ca in the laboratory and those obtained with V and PT procedures. The Ca method is accurate, robust and independent of the relative camera position. Good fits were also observed between Ca water level and those obtained with PT in the field experiments. Similar hydraulic conductivity and sorptivity values were obtained with both sensors using the numerical solution of the Haverkamp (NSH) equation. The compact infiltrometer, in conjunction with the smartphone camera, is an accurate, accessible, portable and easy-to-use field-based device for soil hydraulic characterisation. This research was supported by the MINECO project ASBIO (PGC2018-094332-B-100) and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No [H2020-MSCA-RISE-777803]. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["Automated single-ring infiltrometer", "Compact design", "0207 environmental engineering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "Soil hydraulic properties", "Infiltration rate measurements", "NSH", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Hydrology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126551"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-01-18", "title": "Soil Fauna In Sheep-Grazed Hill Pastures Under Organic And Conventional Livestock Management And In An Adjacent Ungrazed Pasture", "description": "Abstract   Organic pasture management includes a focus on mixed livestock grazing, restrictions on nutrient inputs and livestock pest control. These are all factors which influence the environment of soil invertebrates. In this study, soil macrofauna, mesofauna and microfauna were collected from duplicate 11 and 20 year old organic and conventional legume-based sheep-grazed pasture systems. Pastures in both systems had received the same annual input of reactive phosphate rock and elemental sulphur and were stocked with the same numbers of sheep. The major difference between the two systems was absence of the chemical control of livestock pests on the organic system, resulting in lower sheep liveweights. Two ungrazed pastures which had not received any nutrient inputs for 20+ years were also sampled as part of the study to provide an additional contrast.  No significant differences in either the diversity or abundance of the soil invertebrate community were found between the organic and conventional systems, despite the use of chemicals in the conventional system. The lack of difference suggests that many of the observed and reported responses to organic management reflect altered nutrient inputs and grazing management (which were the same in the current study), rather than the cessation of chemical controls in the organic system. In contrast, the invertebrate community in the unfertilised, ungrazed pasture was distinctly different from both the grazed systems. The ungrazed pasture had a higher diversity with more New Zealand endemic species than the grazed pasture. This included twice as many large Oribatida as soil pore size increased. The lower litter quality from the lack of nutrient inputs in the ungrazed pasture was reflected in both lower earthworm abundance and the Nematode Channel Ratio (indicative of a higher proportion of fungal- than bacterial-feeding nematodes), than the grazed pasture.  We conclude that organic management when limited to a comparison of livestock pest control is not beneficial to soil invertebrates. Management practices such as stocking rates and fertiliser regime, by altering the soil physical environment and food resources, are more important in influencing invertebrate populations in this soil. Some would argue these altered management practices are an integral part of an organic production system.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Pedobiologia", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.pedobi.2011.01.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111896", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:02Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-10-12", "title": "Maize (Zea mays L.) root exudation profiles change in quality and quantity during plant development \u2013 A field study", "description": "Deciphering root exudate composition of soil-grown plants is considered a crucial step to better understand plant\u2013soil\u2013microbe interactions affecting plant growth performance. In this study, two genotypes of Zea mays L. (WT, rth3) differing in root hair elongation were grown in the field in two substrates (sand, loam) in custom-made, perforated columns inserted into the field plots. Root exudates were collected at different plant developmental stages (BBCH 14, 19, 59, 83) using a soil-hydroponic-hybrid exudation sampling approach. Exudates were characterized by LC-MS based non-targeted metabolomics, as well as by photometric assays targeting total dissolved organic carbon, soluble carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, and phenolics. Results showed that plant developmental stage was the main driver shaping both the composition and quantity of exuded compounds. Carbon (C) exudation per plant increased with increasing biomass production over time, while C exudation rate per cm\u00b2 root surface area h\u22121 decreased with plant maturity. Furthermore, exudation rates were higher in the substrate with lower nutrient mobility (i.e., loam). Surprisingly, we observed higher exudation rates in the root hairless rth3 mutant compared to the root hair-forming WT sibling, though exudate metabolite composition remained similar. Our results highlight the impact of plant developmental stage on the plant\u2013soil\u2013microbe interplay.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "580", "Soil", "Genotype", "Metabolomics", "ddc:580", "15. Life on land", "Zea mays", "Plant Roots", "630", "Carbon"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111896"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111896", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111896", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111896"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-03-11", "title": "Seasonal Patterns Of Nitrogen Cycling In Subtropical Short-Hydroperiod Wetlands: Effects Of Precipitation And Restoration", "description": "In the event of increased frequency of extreme wet or dry events resulting from climate change, it becomes more important to understand the temporal dynamics of soil nitrogen (N) processes in ecosystems. Here, seasonal patterns of N cycling were characterized in subtropical wetlands in Everglades National Park, Florida, USA. Two restored sites and one reference site with different nutrient status, soil depth, and vegetation communities, were selected. Soil available N, microbial biomass, potential N mineralization and denitrification rates, enzyme activities of leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) and N-acetyl-\u03b2-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) were measured across the wet and dry seasons from 2010 to 2011. In general, most N processes were significantly correlated with soil water contents (P<0.05) which reflected the precipitation regime. The lower elevation and shallower soil (2-3cm depth) at the restored site may contribute to their higher soil water contents compared to the reference site with ~10cm soil depth, which further led to the earlier peaks of microbial biomass at the two restored sites. Potential N mineralization was positively correlated with LAP at the restored sites whereas with NAG at the reference site (P<0.05), implying that different vegetation composition may provide varying substrates for soil microbes. The build-up of nitrate in the dry spring of 2011 induced a pulse of denitrification after rewetting by a sudden rainfall, implying the presence of a hot moment of denitrification during the dry-rewetting transition period. The decrease of MBC:MBN ratio from dry to wet season indicates a possible microbial composition shift from fungi to bacteria, shedding lights on the potential contribution of fugal groups to denitrification in the dry season. Our study highlight that even under the same climate regime, the small-scale variations could affect the seasonal patterns of N cycling.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.203"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174325", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:09Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-06-26", "title": "Production and characterisation of environmentally relevant microplastic test materials derived from agricultural plastics", "description": "Soil environments across the globe, particularly in agricultural settings, have now been shown to be contaminated with microplastics. Agricultural plastics - such as mulching films - are used in close or direct contact with soils and there is growing evidence demonstrating that they represent a potential source of microplastics. There is a demand to undertake fate and effects studies to understand the behaviour and potential long-term ecological risks of this contamination. Yet, there is a lack of test materials available for this purpose. This study describes the manufacture and characterisation of five large (1-40\u00a0kg) batches of microplastic test materials derived from agricultural mulching films. Batches were produced from either polyethylene-based conventional mulching films or starch-polybutadiene adipate terephthalate blend mulching films that are certified biodegradable in soil. Challenges encountered and overcome during the micronisation process provide valuable insights into the future of microplastic test material generation from these material types. This includes difficulties in micronising virgin polyethylene film materials. All five batches were subjected to a thorough physical and chemical characterisation - both of the original virgin films and the subsequent microplastic particles generated - including a screening for the presence of chemical additives. This is a critical step to provide essential information for interpreting particle fate or effects in scientific testing. Trade-offs between obtaining preferred particle typologies and time and cost constraints are elucidated. Several recommendations emerging from the experiences gained in this study are put forward to advance the research field towards greater harmonisation and utilisation of environmentally relevant test materials.", "keywords": ["Cryomilling", "Mulching film", "Microplastic", "500", "Micronisation", "Reference material", "630", "Plastic additives"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/514125/1/1-s2.0-S0048969724044735-main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174325"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Science%20of%20The%20Total%20Environment", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174325", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174325", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174325"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.023", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:10Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-11-03", "title": "Soil Quality Variables In Organically And Conventionally Cultivated Field Sites", "description": "This study aimed to answer the following questions (a) which of the soil variables (chemical, biological, enzyme activities and potential metabolic profile based on the Biolog method) could be used as indicators reflecting differences in soil quality between organically and conventionally managed asparagus fields, (b) how the duration of organic management affects these soil variables and (c) in what extent the soil quality in organic fields is comparable to that in hedgerows. The study included four organically cultivated fields which differed in the time they enter organic treatment: 6 years (O6), 5 years (O5), 3 years (O3) and 2 years (O2), the closest to them hedgerow (Ho), a conventionally managed field (CF) and its adjacent hedgerow (Hc). Among the chemical and biological variables, those contributing for most to the discrimination of the organic and conventional fields were mainly microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN) and secondly variables related to N-cycle (NO3, N organic, rate of N mineralization). MBC and MBN were higher in organic and conventional areas, respectively, reflecting differences in the structure of their microbial communities. The chemical and biological variables did not differ among O3, O5 and O6 fields, while low values of organic N, rate of N mineralization and extractable P was recorded in O2 area. The enzyme activities of amidohydrolases (l-asparaginase,l-glutaminase, urease) and phosphatases (alkaline and acid phosphatase) were by far higher in organic areas than in the conventional one. The activities of amidohydrolases and alkaline phosphatase changed in a similar way, exhibiting higher values in O3 and O5 areas while between the oldest (O6) and the newest (O2) area no differences were recorded. While the suppress of enzyme activities in O2 was related to low inputs due to transition, the negative feedback between supply of N and P and activities in O6 was a possible explanation. The activity of acid phosphatase increased from the newest to oldest organic areas. The potential functional diversity and substrate evenness did not differ among sampling areas. Differences between areas were recorded only in relation to the carbohydrates' consumption. The soil quality of hedgerows seems to be completely different than that of the arable land in terms of all studied variables. Also, significant differences were recorded between the two hedgerows, a fact that could be related to the different management practices applied in the neighboring fields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.023"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Biology%20and%20Biochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.023", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.023", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.soilbio.2005.09.023"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:21Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-03-29", "title": "Nitrogen Fertilization And Cropping Systems Effects On Soil Organic Carbon And Total Nitrogen Pools Under Chisel-Plow Tillage In Illinois", "description": "Abstract   Agricultural soils can be a major sink for atmospheric carbon (C) with adoption of recommended management practices (RMPs). Our objectives were to evaluate the effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization and cropping systems on soil organic carbon (SOC) and total N (TN) concentrations and pools. Replicated soil samples were collected in May 2004 to 90\u00a0cm depth from a 23-year-old experiment at the Northwestern Illinois Agricultural Research and Demonstration Center, Monmouth, IL. The SOC and TN concentrations and pools, soil bulk density ( \u03c1  b ) and soil C:N ratio were measured for five N rates [0 (N 0 ), 70 (N 1 ), 140 (N 2 ), 210 (N 3 ) and 280 (N 4 ) kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ] and two cropping systems [continuous corn ( Zea mays  L.) (CC), and corn\u2013soybean ( Glycine max  (L . ) Merr.) rotation (CS)]. Long-term N fertilization and cropping systems significantly influenced SOC concentrations and pools to 30\u00a0cm depth. The SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 68.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 0  to 75.8\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 4 . Across all N treatments, the SOC pool in 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth for CC was 4.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  greater than for CS. Similarly, TN concentrations and pools were also significantly affected by N rates. The TN pool for 0\u201330\u00a0cm depth ranged from 5.36\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 0  to 6.14\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  for N 4 . In relation to cropping systems, the TN pool for 0\u201320\u00a0cm depth for CC was 0.4\u00a0Mg\u00a0ha \u22121  greater than for CS. The increase in SOC and TN pools with higher N rates is attributed to the increased amount of biomass production in CC and CS systems. Increasing N rates significantly decreased  \u03c1  b  for 0\u201330\u00a0cm and decreased the soil C:N ratio for 0\u201310\u00a0cm soil depth. However, none of the measured soil properties were significantly correlated with N rates and cropping systems below 30\u00a0cm soil depth. We conclude that in the context of developing productive and environmentally sustainable agricultural systems on a site and soil specific basis, the results from this study is helpful to strengthening the database of management effects on SOC storage in the Mollisols of Midwestern U.S.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2007.02.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-07-01", "title": "Soil Carbon Stratification Affected By Long-Term Tillage And Cropping Systems In Southern Brazil", "description": "Abstract   Continuous residue inputs when associated with minimum soil disturbance gradually promote the stratification of soil organic carbon (SOC) in the soil profile. In temperate soils, this characteristic has been used as an indicator of quality of soil management. However, few studies have been conducted with this indicator in tropical and subtropical climates or with the main soil orders in these areas. To fill this gap, this study was carried out in a subtropical climate with two of the major Brazilian soil orders, Oxisol and Alfisol, that together account for 63% of Brazilian agricultural soils. This study tested the hypothesis that the CSR is affected by soil order and climate type. The main treatments were soil tillage and different cropping systems in two long-term experiments carried out in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The first experiment, established in 1985, was conducted over a clayey Hapludox (Oxisol) soil. The main plots were treated with one of two tillage systems (conventional tillage \u2013 CT; and no-tillage \u2013 NT). The subplots were treated with one of three cropping systems: (a) continuous crop succession (R0) \u2013 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill); (b) winter crop rotation (R1)\u2013wheat/soybean/black oat (Avena strigosa Schreber)/soybean; (c) summer and winter crop rotation (R2) \u2013 wheat/soybean/black oat/soybean/black oat\u00a0+\u00a0common vetch (Vicia sativa L. Walp)/maize (Zea mays L.)/forage radish (Raphanus sativus var. oleiferus Metzg.). The second experiment was established in 1991 over a sandy loam distrophic Paleudalf (Alfisol) soil. Five cropping systems were analyzed under no-till: (a) maize\u00a0+\u00a0jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis DC)/soybean (M/JB); (b) maize/fallow/soybean (M/F); (c) maize/ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)\u00a0+\u00a0common vetch/soybean (M/R); (d) maize\u00a0+\u00a0velvet beans (Stizolobium cinereum Piper and Tracy)/soybean (M/VB); and (e) maize/radish oil/soybean (M/FR). The carbon stratification ratio (CSR) was assessed in the 19th and 22nd experimental years for Oxisol and in the 10th and 17th years for Alfisol. This index was calculated through the ratio of SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.05 and 0.05\u20130.15\u00a0m soil layers. The CPI was determined through the ratio of SOC stocks in the 0\u20130.15\u00a0m soil layer in a given treatment compared with native vegetation. Regardless of the soil order, SOC was influenced by C input and the tillage system; there was a positive linear relationship between CSR and CPI. The relationship between the CSR and the carbon pool index (CPI) was used to infer the quality of soil management. Higher CSR and CPI indices were found under treatments with minimum soil disturbance and intensive crop rotation. Lower CSR and CPI values were associated with frequent mobilization and lower crop diversity. These CSR indices sensitively distinguished the intensity of tillage (NT replacing CT) and cropping systems (cover crops replacing winter fallow or crop succession). The CSR values in subtropical soils investigated were lower than those reported for temperate soils. The soil order affected the critical CSR value being lower in the Oxisol than in the Alfisol. Our findings recommend accept our hypothesis that the CSR is affected by climate and soil order.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20and%20Tillage%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.still.2013.05.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s1357729800055235", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-08-19", "title": "The Effect Of Crop Maturity On The Nutritional Value Of Maize Silage For Lactating Dairy Cows 1. Energy And Nitrogen Utilization", "description": "Abstract<p>Four multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows fitted with simple cannulas in the proximal duodenum and the rumen were offered four diets in a 4 \uffe2\uff9c\uff95 4 Latin-square design to evaluate the effect on energy and nitrogen balance of crop maturity of maize when offered as ensiled food with grass silage and a concentrate. Forage maize (cv. Hudson) was ensiled at target dry matter (DM) contents of 230, 280, 330 and 380 g per kg fresh weight (FW). The mean values for volatile corrected DM (VCDM) and starch content of the maize forages as given were 226, 278, 319 and 357 g/kg FW and 180, 263, 327 and 401 g/kg VCDM respectively. Grass silage (GS) containing 247 g VCDM per kg FW was produced from the primary growth of a perennial ryegrass sward. The diets comprised 8\uffc2\uffb77 kg DM concentrate per day with one of four forage treatments offered ad libitum, in a 3 : 1 DM ratio of maize silage with GS, designated T23, T28, T33 and T38. Each period was of 6 weeks with energy and nitrogen balances conducted in respiration chambers over 6 days in either week 5 or 6. There were no significant effects of maturity on DM intake. Changes in milk yield and composition were not significant but milk protein yield increased significantly (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb705) with maize maturity up to T33 and was linearly related (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb705) to changes in maize silage starch and neutraland acid-detergent fibre (NDF, ADF) content. Total starch intake increased significantly (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb701) with maturity but apparent digestibility of starch was significantly (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb705) reduced only with the most mature maize silage (T38). NDF and ADF intake and amounts digested were not significantly different despite a numerical decline with stage of maturity. Total nitrogen intake and apparent digestibility were not significantly different although there were significant differences (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb705) in the amount of nitrogen excreted as urine, which was greatest on T23 and least on T33, and milk which was least on T23 and greatest on T33. Mean gross energy (GE) intake increased by 17 MJ/day from T23 to T33 but the differences were non-significant. Faecal energy output on T23 was significantly lower (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb705) than the other treatments whilst urine energy on T23 was significantly higher (P &lt; 0\uffc2\uffb705) compared with T33. Methane energy losses were not significantly different. There were no significant differences between treatments in either GE digestibility or metabolizability, digestible or metabolizable energy (ME) intakes or in the partition of ME to heat, tissue or milk. The calculated ME concentrations of the maize silages were not significantly different with an overall mean of 12\uffc2\uffb73 MJ/kg VCDM estimated at maintenance intake, or 0\uffc2\uffb763 MJ/MJ GE. Changes in maize silage composition resulted in a doubling of the ratio of digested starch to digested NDF (0\uffc2\uffb766, 0\uffc2\uffb794, 1\uffc2\uffb710 and 1\uffc2\uffb721) for treatments T23 to T38 respectively. Despite this large change in digested nutrients no differences in the efficiency of energy utilization were detected.</p>", "keywords": ["0403 veterinary science", "2. Zero hunger", "0402 animal and dairy science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "David J. Humphries, R. H. Phipps, S. B. Cammell, David E. Beever, J. D. Sutton,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1357729800055235"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Animal%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1357729800055235", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1357729800055235", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1357729800055235"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2000-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1017/s1742170512000257", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-08-24", "title": "Conservation Agriculture Systems For Malawian Smallholder Farmers: Long-Term Effects On Crop Productivity, Profitability And Soil Quality", "description": "Abstract<p>Conservation agriculture (CA) systems are based upon minimal soil disturbance; crop residue retention and crop rotation and/or intercrop association are increasingly seen to recycle nutrients, increase yield and reduce production costs. This study examines the effects of CA practices on crop productivity, profitability and soil quality under the conditions encountered by smallholder farmers in two farming communities from 2005 to 2011 in Malawi, as part of the contribution to remedy a lack of supporting agronomic research for these relatively new systems. The drier agroenvironment of Lemu of Bazale Extension Planning Area (EPA) is characterized by sandy clay loam soils and lower rainfall. Here, CA showed positive benefits on maize yield after the first season of experimentation, with highest increases of 2.7 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921and 2.3 Mg ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921more yield in CA monocrop maize and CA maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93legume intercrop, respectively, than the conventional tillage in the driest season of 2009/10. In the high rainfall environment of Zidyana EPA (characterized by sandy loam soils), substantial maize yield benefits resulted in the fifth season of experimentation. Farmers spent at most 50 days ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921(US$140) producing maize under CA systems compared with 62 days ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921(US$176) spent under conventional tillage practices. In Lemu, both CA systems resulted in gross margins three times higher than that of the conventional control plot, while in Zidyana, CA monocrop maize and CA maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93legume intercrop resulted in 33 and 23% higher gross margins, respectively, than conventional tillage. In Zidyana, the earthworm population was highest (48 earthworms m\uffe2\uff88\uff922in the first 30 cm) in CA monocrop maize, followed by a CA maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93legume intercropping (40 earthworms) and lowest (nine earthworms) in conventionally tilled treatment. In both study locations CA monocrop maize and CA maize\uffe2\uff80\uff93legume intercrop gave higher water infiltration than the conventional treatment. Improvements in crop productivity, overall economic gain and soil quality have made CA an attractive system for farmers in Malawi and other areas with similar conditions. However, for extensive adoption of CA by smallholder farmers, cultural beliefs that crop production is possible without the ubiquitous ridge and furrow system and residue burning for mice hunting have to be overcome.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1017/s1742170512000257"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Renewable%20Agriculture%20and%20Food%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1017/s1742170512000257", "name": "item", "description": "10.1017/s1742170512000257", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1017/s1742170512000257"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-08-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1004298309606", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:35Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-21", "description": "Fluxes of nitrous oxide, methane and carbon dioxide were measured from soils under ambient (350 \u00b5L L-1) and enhanced (600 \u00b5L L-1) carbon dioxide partial pressures (pCO2) at the \u2018Free Air Carbon Dioxide Enrichment\u2019 (FACE) experiment, Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH), Eschikon, Switzerland in July 1995, using a GC housed in a mobile laboratory. Measurements were made in plots of Lolium perenne maintained under high N input. During the data collection period N fertiliser was applied at a rate of 14 g m-2 of N. Elevated pCO2 appeared to result in an increased (27%) output of N2O, thought to be the consequence of enhanced root-derived available soil C, acting as an energy source for denitrification. The climate, agricultural practices and soils at the FACE experiment combined to give rise to some of the largest N2O emissions recorded for any terrestrial ecosystem. The amount of CO2\u2013C being lost from the control plot was higher (10%) than for the enhanced CO2 plot, and is the reverse of that predicted. The control plot oxidised consistently more CH4 than the enhanced plot, oxidising 25.5 \u00b1 0.8 \u00b5g m-2 hr-1 of CH4 for the control plot, with an average of 8.5 \u00b1 0.4 \u00b5g m-2 hr-1 of CH4 for the enhanced CO2 plot. This suggests that elevated pCO2 may lead to a feedback whereby less CH4 is removed from the atmosphere. Despite the limited nature of the current study (in time and space), the observations made here on the interactions of elevated pCO2 and soil trace gas release suggest that significant interactions are occurring. The feedbacks involved could have importance at the global scale.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Philip Ineson, P.A. Coward, U.A. Hartwig,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1004298309606"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20and%20Soil", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1004298309606", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1004298309606", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1004298309606"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1998-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1013072519889", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:37Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2002-12-23", "title": "Soil Freezing Alters Fine Root Dynamics In A Northern Hardwood Forest", "description": "The retention of nutrients within an ecosystem depends on temporal andspatial synchrony between nutrient availability and nutrient uptake, anddisruption of fine root processes can have dramatic impacts on nutrientretention within forest ecosystems. There is increasing evidence thatoverwinter climate can influence biogeochemical cycling belowground,perhaps by disrupting this synchrony. In this study, we experimentallyreduced snow accumulation in northern hardwood forest plots to examinethe effects of soil freezing on the dynamics of fine roots (< 1 mm diameter)measured using minirhizotrons. Snow removal treatment during therelatively mild winters of 1997\u20131998 and 1998\u20131999 induced mild freezingtemperatures (to \u22124 \u00b0C) lasting approximately three months atshallow soil depths (to \u221230 cm) in sugar maple and yellow birch stands.This treatment resulted in elevated overwinter fine root mortality in treatedcompared to reference plots of both species, and led to an earlier peak infine root production during the subsequent growing season. These shiftsin fine root dynamics increased fine root turnover but were not largeenough to significantly alter fine root biomass. No differences inmorality response were found between species. Laboratory tests on pottedtree seedlings exposed to controlled freezing regimes confirmed that mildfreezing temperatures (to \u22125 \u00b0C) were insufficient to directlyinjure winter-hardened fine roots of these species, suggesting that themarked response recorded in our forest plots was caused indirectly bymechanical damage to roots in frozen soil. Elevated fine root necromass intreated plots decomposed quickly, and may have contributed an excess fluxof about 0.5 g N/m2\u00b7yr, which is substantial relative tomeasurements of N fluxes from these plots. Our results suggest elevatedoverwinter mortality temporarily reduced fine root length in treatmentplots and reduced plant uptake, thereby disrupting the temporalsynchrony between nutrient availability and uptake and enhancing ratesof nitrification. Increased frequency of soil freezing events, as may occurwith global change, could alter fine root dynamics within the northernhardwood forest disrupting the normally tight coupling between nutrientmineralization and uptake.", "keywords": ["0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1013072519889"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Biogeochemistry", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1013072519889", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1013072519889", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1013072519889"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2001-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1023/a:1021366911279", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:16:38Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-03-21", "description": "Short-term improved fallow technology, which is characterised by deliberate planting of fast growing N2 fixing legumes species in rotation with crops is currently being promoted for soil fertility replenishment in the small holder farms in the tropics. Recent research and extension efforts on this technology have mainly focused on a narrow range of species. There is a need to evaluate more alternative species in order to diversify the options available to farmers and hence reduce the risks of over dependence on fewer species. We evaluated twenty-two shrubby and herbaceous species for their site adaptability, biomass and nutrient accumulation, biomass quality and maize yield response to soil incorporated plant biomass after the fallow (six and twelve months) in three different field experiments on a Kandiudalfic Eutrudox in western Kenya. Species which yielded large amounts ofthe most biomass N adequate for two to three maize crops were Sesbania sesban, Tephrosia vogelii, Tephrosia candida, Crotalaria grahamiana, Dodonea viscosa, Colopogonium mucunoides, Desmondium uncinatum, Glycine wightii and Macroptilium atropurpureum. Most fallow species tested recycled  10%) and polyphenol (>2%) concentrations. were found only in the shrubby species, and the (Ppolyphenol + lignin ): N ratio varied widely (0.3\u20135) amongst the species. evaluated. Maize yield increased by two-fold in the first season following the fallow phase compared with continuous maize for most species. Results suggest that there are a wide variety of legumes that could be used for use in improved fallow technologies aimed at ameliorating nutrient degraded soils and subsequently enhancing crop yields.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "S. Gathumbi, A.I. Niang, J. de Wolf, B.A. Amadalo,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1021366911279"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agroforestry%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1023/a:1021366911279", "name": "item", "description": "10.1023/a:1021366911279", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1023/a:1021366911279"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2002-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr9930621", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:01Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-04-06", "title": "The Effect Of Fire On Carbon And Nitrogen Mineralization And Nitrification In An Australian Forest Soil", "description": "<p>The causes of onset of nitrification in a soil collected under an ashbed which was produced when heaped slash was burned, and for its absence in an unburnt soil, were investigated for an acid forest soil from south-eastern Australia. The occurrence of nitrification in ashbed soils was assessed in laboratory incubations extendig to 151 days to determine if it could be attributed to (a) an increase in pH, (b) an additional supply of P, (c) the removal of chemical inhibitors, and (d) the lack of competition with heterotrophs killed during soil heating. The treatments were: percolated and unpercolated ashbed soil from 0-5 and 5-10 cm depth; unburnt soil from 0-5 cm untreated and with added lime or added P; and burnt and unburnt soil from 5-10 cm depth. In addition, each treatment had an identical where the soil was inoculated with nitrifying garden soil. Compared with the unburnt surface soil (0-5 cm), ashbed soil had higher pH (3.6 units), higher mineral N (3 times) and slightly elevated NaHCO3-extractable P. During 151 days of incubation, microbial respiration in surface ashbed soil, measured as CO2 evolution, initially exceeded the values obtained in unburnt soil but then decreased to only 72% of unburnt soil at the end of the incubation period. In ashbed soil, the microbial biomass N content was low but its C/N ratio was high. Net N mineralization (Nmin) in ashbed soil was not significantly different from unburnt or phosphate fertilized soils (13.1, 14.7 and 17.8 mg N,in kg-' respectively) but was lower than in limed soil (59.3 mg Nmin kg-1). Percolation of surface ashbed soil with distilled water removed high amounts of salts and increased microbial respiration and N mineralization. Inoculation of soils with a slurry from a nitrifying garden soil induced nitrification in every treatment, regardless of their ammonium content, pH or other limiting component. Nitrification was also stimulated in unburnt surface soil on the addition of lime and P. Autotrophic nitriflers were active only in surface ashbed soils and probably in limed soils. P addition promoted heterotrophic nitrification. It was concluded that soil heating reduced competition between autotrophs and heterotrophs for ammonium and that ash supplies nutrients, such as K and Ca which stimulate nitrification. Low pH was not a limiting factor for nitrification but a high pH may promote the establishment of autotrophic nitrifiers.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr9930621"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr9930621", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr9930621", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr9930621"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr10014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-09-28", "title": "Effect Of Banded Biochar On Dryland Wheat Production And Fertiliser Use In South-Western Australia: An Agronomic And Economic Perspective", "description": "<p>  Effects of banded biochar application on dryland wheat production and fertiliser use in 4 experiments in Western Australia and South Australia suggest that biochar has the potential to reduce fertiliser requirement while crop productivity is maintained, and biochar additions can increase crop yields at lower rates of fertiliser use. Banding was used to minimise wind erosion risk and place biochar close to crop roots. The biochars/metallurgical chars used in this study were made at relatively high temperatures from woody materials, forming stable, low-nutrient chars. The results suggest that a low biochar application rate (~1\uffe2\uff80\uff89t/ha) by banding may provide significant positive effects on yield and fertiliser requirement. Benefits are likely to result from improved crop nutrient and water uptake and crop water supply from increased arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal colonisation during dry seasons and in low P soils, rather than through direct nutrient or water supply from biochars. Financial analysis using farm cash flow over 12 years suggests that a break-even total cost of initial biochar use can range from AU$40 to 190/ha if the benefits decline linearly to nil over 12 years, taking into account a P fertiliser saving of 50% or a yield increase of 10%, or both, assuming long-term soil fertility is not compromised. Accreditation of biochar for carbon trading may assist cost reduction. </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr10014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr10014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr10014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr10014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1071/sr13043", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-12-20", "title": "Impact Of Carbon Farming Practices On Soil Carbon In Northern New South Wales", "description": "<p>This study sought to quantify the influence of \uffe2\uff80\uff98carbon farming\uffe2\uff80\uff99 practices on soil carbon stocks, in comparison with conventional grazing and cropping, in northern New South Wales. The study had two components: assessment of impacts of organic amendments on soil carbon and biological indicators in croplands on Vertosols of the Liverpool Plains; and assessment of the impact of grazing management on soil carbon in Chromosols of the Northern Tablelands. The organic amendment sites identified for the survey had been treated with manures, composts, or microbial treatments, while the conventional management sites had received only chemical fertilisers. The rotational grazing sites had been managed so that grazing was restricted to short periods of several days, followed by long rest periods (generally several months) governed by pasture growth. These were compared with sites that were grazed continuously. No differences in total soil carbon stock, or soil carbon fractions, were observed between sites treated with organic amendments and those treated with chemical fertiliser. There was some evidence of increased soil carbon stock under rotational compared with continuous grazing, but the difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) stocks were not significantly different in either of the management contrasts, but tended to show higher values in organic treatments and rotational grazing. The enzymatic activities of \uffce\uffb2-glucosidase and leucine-aminopeptidase were significantly higher in rotational than continuous grazing but statistically similar for the cropping site treatments. Relative abundance and community structure, measured on a subset of the cropping sites, showed a higher bacteria\uffe2\uff80\uff89:\uffe2\uff80\uff89fungi ratio and provided evidence that microbial process rates were significantly higher in chemically fertilised sites than organic amendment sites, suggesting enhanced mineralisation of organic matter under conventional management. The higher enzyme activity and indication of greater efficiency of microbial populations on carbon farming sites suggests a greater potential to build soil carbon under these practices. Further research is required to investigate whether the indicative trends observed reflect real effects of management.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Land Capability and Soil Degradation", "550", "XXXXXX - Unknown", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon Sequestration Science", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Land capability and soil productivity"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1071/sr13043"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1071/sr13043", "name": "item", "description": "10.1071/sr13043", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1071/sr13043"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/jpe/rtv027", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-03-07", "title": "Effects Of Precipitation On Soil Organic Carbon Fractions In Three Subtropical Forests In Southern China", "description": "Aims The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of precipitation changes on soil organic carbon (SOC) fractions in subtropical for- ests where the precipitation pattern has been altered for decades. Methods We conducted field manipulations of precipitation, including ambient precipitation as a control (CK), double precipitation (DP) and no precip- itation (NP), for 3 years in three forests with different stand ages (broad- leaf forest (BF), mixed forest (MF) and pine forest (PF)) in subtropical China. At the end of the experiment, soil samples were collected to assay SOC content, readily oxidizable organic carbon (ROC) and non-readily oxidizable organic carbon (NROC), as well as soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), pH and total nitrogen content. Samples from the forest floors were also collected to analyze carbon (C) functional groups (i.e. alkyl C, aromatic C, O-alkyl C and carbonyl C). Furthermore, fine root biomass was measured periodically throughout the experiment. Important Findings Among the forests, ROC content did not exhibit any notable differ- ences, while NROC content increased significantly with the stand age. This finding implied that the SOC accumulation observed in these forests resulted from the accumulation of NROC in the soil, a mechanism for SOC accumulation in the mature forests of south- ern China. Moreover, NP treatment led to significant reductions in both ROC and NROC content and therefore reduced the total SOC content in all of the studied forests. Such decreases may be due to the lower plant-derived C inputs (C quantity) and to the changes in SOC components (C quality) indicated by C functional groups analyses under NP treatment. DP treatment in all the forests also tended to decrease the SOC content, although the decreases were not statistically significant with the exception of SOC and ROC con- tent in PF. This finding indicated that soils in MF and in BF may be more resistant to precipitation increases, possibly due to less water limitations under natural conditions in the two forests. Our results therefore highlight the different responses of SOC and its fractions to precipitation changes among the forests and suggest that further studies are needed to improve our understanding of SOC dynamics in such an important C sink region.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Guowei Chu, Guoyi Zhou, Xiaomei Chen, Qingyan Qiu, Guohua Liang, Shizhong Liu, Junhua Yan, Juxiu Liu, Deqiang Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/jpe/rtv027"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Plant%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/jpe/rtv027", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/jpe/rtv027", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/jpe/rtv027"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-03-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1093/plphys/kiad398", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2023-07-10", "title": "Aromatic amino acid biosynthesis impacts root hair development and symbiotic associations inLotus japonicus", "description": "Abstract<p>Legume roots can be symbiotically colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and nitrogen-fixing bacteria. In Lotus japonicus, the latter occurs intracellularly by the cognate rhizobial partner Mesorhizobium loti or intercellularly with the Agrobacterium pusense strain IRBG74. Although these symbiotic programs show distinctive cellular and transcriptome signatures, some molecular components are shared. In this study, we demonstrate that 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase 1 (DAHPS1), the first enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of aromatic amino acids (AAAs), plays a critical role in root hair development and for AM and rhizobial symbioses in Lotus. Two homozygous DAHPS1 mutants (dahps1-1 and dahps1-2) showed drastic alterations in root hair morphology, associated with alterations in cell wall dynamics and a progressive disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. The altered root hair structure was prevented by pharmacological and genetic complementation. dahps1-1 and dahps1-2 showed significant reductions in rhizobial infection (intracellular and intercellular) and nodule organogenesis and a delay in AM colonization. RNAseq analysis of dahps1-2 roots suggested that these phenotypes are associated with downregulation of several cell wall\uffe2\uff80\uff93related genes, and with an attenuated signaling response. Interestingly, the dahps1 mutants showed no detectable pleiotropic effects, suggesting a more selective recruitment of this gene in certain biological processes. This work provides robust evidence linking AAA metabolism to root hair development and successful symbiotic associations.</p", "keywords": ["580", "Plant biology", "570", "Phenotype", "Mycorrhizae", "Lotus", "Symbiosis", "Root Nodules", " Plant", "Plant Roots", "Research Article"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://academic.oup.com/plphys/article-pdf/193/2/1508/51727974/kiad398.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1093/plphys/kiad398"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Physiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1093/plphys/kiad398", "name": "item", "description": "10.1093/plphys/kiad398", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1093/plphys/kiad398"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-07-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-10", "title": "First Report of Multinucleate Rhizoctonia solani AG4 HG-I Causing Crown and Root Rot on Strawberry in Italy", "description": "Strawberry (Fragaria\u00a0\u00d7\u00a0ananassa\u00a0Duch.) is a crop of great economic importance in Italy, where it is grown in soil and under soilless conditions. In March 2019, about 30 to 35% of plants (cv. Portola) grown in a peat substrate under soilless conditions in a farm located in Cuneo Province died. The examination of 10 plants showed crown and root rot over 100% of the root/crown. Affected plants showed brown necrotic tissues in basal leaves and petiole necrosis. Crown and root tissues were cleaned thoroughly from soil residues under tap water. Portions (about 3 to 5 mm) from crowns and roots were cut and surface disinfected with a water solution of NaClO at 0.5% for 2 min and rinsed in sterile water. The tissue fragments were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) amended with 100 mg/liter of streptomycin sulfate and incubated at 25\u00b0C. After 3 days, fungal colonies with septate hyphae and right-angled branching similar to\u00a0Rhizoctonia solani\u00a0were observed with high frequency (90%) (Sneh et\u00a0al. 1991). To confirm the species identity, hyphal tips were transferred from the obtained colonies to PDA and grown for 10 days at 22 \u00b1 1\u00b0C. Mycelium was light brown, compact, with radial growth. The hyphal width varied from 8.5 to 10 \u03bcm. Sclerotia were not present. DNA was then extracted from a single representative isolate (RH230), and rDNA ITS sequencing was conducted as described by\u00a0Aiello et\u00a0al. (2017). The rDNA ITS sequence of RH230 (GenBank accession no. MZ373271) was 100% identical (603/603 bp) to part of another sequence previously identified as\u00a0R. solani\u00a0AG4 HG-I (MK583647,\u00a0Claerbout et\u00a0al. 2019). Twenty-day-old healthy plants of cultivar Portola were planted in a steam-disinfested peat soil (12-liter pots) infested with 1 g/liter of wheat kernels colonized for 10 days with the isolate RH230 to evaluate the pathogenicity. Control plants were planted in a steam-disinfested peat substrate amended with noninoculated sterilized wheat kernels. Six plants per treatments were used and kept in a greenhouse at 25 \u00b1 3\u00b0C. Crown and root rot similar to that observed in the farm developed 40 to 55 days after inoculation and resulted in 50 to 66% dead plants during two repeated trials. Fungal colonies morphologically similar to\u00a0R. solani\u00a0were consistently reisolated from affected crowns, and the resequencing of the rDNA ITS region fulfilled Koch\u2019s postulates. Control plants remained healthy.\u00a0Rhizoctonia\u00a0isolates of AG-A and AG-G anastomosis groups were found as pathogens of strawberry in Italy (Manici and Bonora 2007), while the AG4 HG-I was reported in Israel (Sharon et\u00a0al. 2007).\u00a0R. solani\u00a0AG4 HG-I was found on other hosts (Aiello et\u00a0al. 2017); however, to our knowledge, this is the first report on strawberry in Italy. The disease could become a significant problem for soilless culture strawberry in Italy, causing severe yield losses.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "0303 health sciences", "03 medical and health sciences", "Crown rot; Rhizoctonia; Root rot; Strawberry", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Plant%20Disease", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "name": "item", "description": "10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1094/pdis-06-21-1276-pdn"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:17Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-05-05", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Sequestration Rates In Two Long-Term No-Till Experiments In Ohio", "description": "The effectiveness of no-till (NT) farming in reducing loss of soil organic matter (SOM) depends on climate and soil properties. Soil samples were obtained from two long-term experiments that were designed to study the impact of tillage systems on crop yields. However, the objectives of this experiment were to assess the impact of NT on soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration rate and other soil properties and to estimate historic depletion of SOC under different soil management practices with reference to the undisturbed wooded control. The two long-term experiments in Ohio studied were those sited at South Charleston and Hoytville. The South Charleston (83\u00b0 30' W and 39\u00b0 48' N) experiment was established in 1962 on Crosby silt loam (fine mixed, mesic Aeric Ochraqualf). The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 10.8 \u00b0C and 1043 mm, respectively. Tillage treatments for continuous corn (Zea mays) were NT, chisel plow (CP), and moldboard plow (MP). The Hoytville (84\u00b0 04' W and 41\u00b0 03' N) experiment was established in 1987 on Hoytville clay loam (fine, illitic mesic Mollic Epiaqualfs) soil. The site has long-term annual temperature and precipitation of 9.9 \u00b0C and 845 mm, respectively. There were two crop rotations: (i) 2-year corn-soybean (Glycine max) rotation with NT and subsoiling and (ii) 3-year corn-soybean-oat (Avena sativa) rotation with NT, CP, and rotational tillage soil management. The Hoytville clay site is poorly drained, has higher clay content, and higher and more even by distributed antecedent level of SOC in the soil profile than does the South Charleston silt loam soil. No-till increased SOC and N pools in the 0 to 5-cm layer in silt loam soil but had no effect in clay soil. The rate of SOC sequestration in the silt-loam soil under NT was 175 kg C ha -1  y -1 . The silt loam soil had higher SOC and N stratification ratios in NT than in MP and CP treatments, whereas the stratification ratios were low and similar in all treatments in the clayey soil. For both soils, there were no differences between tillage treatments in several soil properties including texture, available water capacity, hydraulic conductivity (K s ), and cation exchange capacity. The NT decreased soil bulk density and pH in the 0 to 15-cm layer in the silt loam soil. The plow till treatments had a small impact on soil aggregation in clayey soil. The decline in water-stable aggregates with reference to NT was no more than one sixth. In the silt loam soil, however, the water-stable aggregates in plow till treatments were merely one third of that in the NT treatment. The historic loss of the SOC pool for 0 to 30-cm depth under agricultural land use was 25 to 35% in silt loam and 19 to 25% in the clayey soil.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Rattan Lal, Marek K. Jarecki,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1097/00010694-200504000-00005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-03-26", "title": "The Role Of N2o Derived From Crop-Based Biofuels, And From Agriculture In General, In Earth'S Climate", "description": "<p>             In earlier work, we compared the amount of newly fixed nitrogen (N, as synthetic fertilizer and biologically fixed N) entering agricultural systems globally to the total emission of nitrous oxide (N             2             O). We obtained an N             2             O emission factor (EF) of 3\uffe2\uff80\uff935%, and applied it to biofuel production. For \uffe2\uff80\uff98first-generation\uffe2\uff80\uff99 biofuels, e.g. biodiesel from rapeseed and bioethanol from corn (maize), that require N fertilizer, N             2             O from biofuel production could cause (depending on N uptake efficiency) as much or more global warming as that avoided by replacement of fossil fuel by the biofuel. Our subsequent calculations in a follow-up paper, using published life cycle analysis (LCA) models, led to broadly similar conclusions. The N             2             O EF applies to agricultural crops in general, not just to biofuel crops, and has made possible a top-down estimate of global emissions from agriculture. Independent modelling by another group using bottom-up IPCC inventory methodology has shown good agreement at the global scale with our top-down estimate. Work by Davidson showed that the rate of accumulation of N             2             O in the atmosphere in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries was greater than that predicted from agricultural inputs limited to fertilizer N and biologically fixed N (Davidson, E. A. 2009             Nat. Geosci             .             2             , 659\uffe2\uff80\uff93662.). However, by also including soil organic N mineralized following land-use change and NO                            x                          deposited from the atmosphere in our estimates of the reactive N entering the agricultural cycle, we have now obtained a good fit between the observed atmospheric N             2             O concentrations from 1860 to 2000 and those calculated on the basis of a 4 per cent EF for the reactive N.           </p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Air Pollutants", "330", "Climate", "Nitrous Oxide", "Agriculture", "15. Life on land", "Nitrification", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "630", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Biofuels", "Denitrification", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2011.0313"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Philosophical%20Transactions%20of%20the%20Royal%20Society%20B%3A%20Biological%20Sciences", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "name": "item", "description": "10.1098/rstb.2011.0313", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1098/rstb.2011.0313"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-05-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/1477-8947.12071", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:24Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-08-19", "title": "Resource Conservation Strategies For Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems On Partially Reclaimed Sodic Soils Of The Indo-Gangetic Region, And Their Effects On Soil Carbon", "description": "Abstract<p>The Indo\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gangetic plain is characterized by intensive agriculture, largely by resource\uffe2\uff80\uff90poor small and marginal farmers. Vast swathes of salt\uffe2\uff80\uff90affected areas in the region provide both challenges and opportunities to bolster food security and sequester carbon after reclamation. Sustainable management of reclaimed soils via resource conservation strategies, such as residue retention, is key to the prosperity of the farmer, as well as increases the efficiency of expensive initiatives to further reclaim sodic land areas, which currently lay barren. After five years of experimentation on resource conservation strategies for rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat systems on partially reclaimed sodic soils of the Indo\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gangetic region, we evaluated changes in different soil carbon pools and crop yield. Out of all resource conservation techniques which were tested, rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat crop residue addition (30% of total production) was most effective in increasing soil organic carbon (SOC). In rice, without crop residue addition (WCR), soils under zero\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage with transplanting, summer ploughing with transplanting and direct seeding with brown manuring showed a significant increase in SOC over the control (puddling in rice, conventional tillage in wheat). In these treatments relatively higher levels of carbon were attained in all aggregate fractions compared to the control. Soil aggregate sizes in meso (0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff902.0\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) and macro (2\uffe2\uff80\uff908\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) ranges increased, whereas micro (&lt; 0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff89mm) fractions decreased in soils under zero\uffe2\uff80\uff90till practices, both with and without crop residue addition. Direct seeding with brown manuring and zero tillage with transplanting also showed an increase of 135% and 95%, respectively, over the control in microbial biomass carbon, without crop residue incorporation. In zero tillage with transplanting treatment, both with and without crop residue showed significant increase in soil carbon sequestration potential. Though the changes in accrued soil carbon did not bring about significant differences in terms of grain yield, overall synthesis in terms of balance between yield and carbon sequestration indicated that summer ploughing with transplanting and zero tillage with transplanting sequestered significantly higher rates of carbon, yet yielded on par with conventional practices. These could be appropriate alternatives to immediately replace conventional tillage and planting practices for rice\uffe2\uff80\uff90wheat cropping systems in the sodic soils of the Indo\uffe2\uff80\uff90Gangetic region.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12071"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Natural%20Resources%20Forum", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/1477-8947.12071", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/1477-8947.12071", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/1477-8947.12071"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.12819", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-12-05", "title": "Soil Warming And Co2 Enrichment Induce Biomass Shifts In Alpine Tree Line Vegetation", "description": "Abstract<p>Responses of alpine tree line ecosystems to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and global warming are poorly understood. We used an experiment at the Swiss tree line to investigate changes in vegetation biomass after 9\uffc2\uffa0years of free air CO2 enrichment (+200\uffc2\uffa0ppm; 2001\uffe2\uff80\uff932009) and 6\uffc2\uffa0years of soil warming (+4\uffc2\uffa0\uffc2\uffb0C; 2007\uffe2\uff80\uff932012). The study contained two key tree line species, Larix decidua and Pinus uncinata, both approximately 40\uffc2\uffa0years old, growing in heath vegetation dominated by dwarf shrubs. In 2012, we harvested and measured biomass of all trees (including root systems), above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground understorey vegetation and fine roots. Overall, soil warming had clearer effects on plant biomass than CO2 enrichment, and there were no interactive effects between treatments. Total plant biomass increased in warmed plots containing Pinus but not in those with Larix. This response was driven by changes in tree mass (+50%), which contributed an average of 84% (5.7\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) of total plant mass. Pinus coarse root mass was especially enhanced by warming (+100%), yielding an increased root mass fraction. Elevated CO2 led to an increased relative growth rate of Larix stem basal area but no change in the final biomass of either tree species. Total understorey above\uffe2\uff80\uff90ground mass was not altered by soil warming or elevated CO2. However, Vaccinium myrtillus mass increased with both treatments, graminoid mass declined with warming, and forb and nonvascular plant (moss and lichen) mass decreased with both treatments. Fine roots showed a substantial reduction under soil warming (\uffe2\uff88\uff9240% for all roots &lt;2\uffc2\uffa0mm in diameter at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffc2\uffa0cm soil depth) but no change with CO2 enrichment. Our findings suggest that enhanced overall productivity and shifts in biomass allocation will occur at the tree line, particularly with global warming. However, individual species and functional groups will respond differently to these environmental changes, with consequences for ecosystem structure and functioning.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Models", " Statistical", "Temperature", "Larix", "Carbon Dioxide", "15. Life on land", "Pinus", "Global Warming", "01 natural sciences", "Soil", "Species Specificity", "13. Climate action", "Biomass", "Tundra", "Switzerland"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12819"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.12819", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.12819", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.12819"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcb.70130", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:30Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-03-18", "title": "What Are the Limits to the Growth of Boreal Fires?", "description": "ABSTRACT<p>Boreal forest regions, including East Siberia, have experienced elevated fire activity in recent years, leading to record\uffe2\uff80\uff90breaking greenhouse gas emissions and severe air pollution. However, our understanding of the factors that eventually halt fire spread and thus limit fire growth remains incomplete, hindering our ability to model their dynamics and predict their impacts. We investigated the locations and timing of 2.2 million fire stops\uffe2\uff80\uff94defined as 300\uffe2\uff80\uff89m unburned pixels along fire perimeters\uffe2\uff80\uff94across the vast East Siberian taiga. Fire stops were retrieved from remote sensing data covering over 27,000 individual fires that collectively burned 80 Mha between 2012 and 2022. Several geospatial datasets, including hourly fire weather data and landscape variables, were used to identify the factors contributing to individual fire stops. Our analysis attributed 87% of all fire stops to a statistically significant (p\uffe2\uff80\uff89&lt;\uffe2\uff80\uff890.01) change in one or more of these drivers, with fire\uffe2\uff80\uff90weather drivers limiting fire growth over time and landscape drivers constraining it across space. We found clear regional and temporal variations in the importance of these drivers. For instance, landscape drivers\uffe2\uff80\uff94such as less flammable land cover and the presence of roads\uffe2\uff80\uff94were key constraints on fire growth in southeastern Siberia, where the landscape is more populated and fragmented. In contrast, fire weather was the primary constraint on fire growth in the remote northern taiga. Additionally, in central Yakutia, a major fire hotspot in recent years, fuel limitations from previous fires increasingly restricted fire spread. The methodology we present is adaptable to other biomes and can be applied globally, providing a framework for future attribution studies on global fire growth limitations. In northeast Siberia, we found that with increasing droughts and heatwaves, remote northern fires could potentially grow even larger in the future, with major implications for the global carbon cycle and climate.</p", "keywords": ["Siberia", "Climate Change", "Taiga", "Remote Sensing Technology", "Life Science", "Weather", "Fires", "Research Article", "Wildfires"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Thomas A. J. Janssen, Sander Veraverbeke,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.70130"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcb.70130", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcb.70130", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcb.70130"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:34Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-24", "title": "Estimating The Uncertainty In Annual Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange: Spatial Variation In Turbulent Fluxes And Sampling Errors In Eddy-Covariance Measurements", "description": "Abstract<p>Above forest canopies, eddy covariance (EC) measurements of mass (CO2, H2O vapor) and energy exchange, assumed to represent ecosystem fluxes, are commonly made at one point in the roughness sublayer (RSL). A spatial variability experiment, in which EC measurements were made from six towers within the RSL in a uniform pine plantation, quantified large and dynamic spatial variation in fluxes. The spatial coefficient of variation (CV) of the scalar fluxes decreased with increasing integration time, stabilizing at a minimum that was independent of further lengthening the averaging period (hereafter a \uffe2\uff80\uff98stable minimum\uffe2\uff80\uff99). For all three fluxes, the stable minimum (CV=9\uffe2\uff80\uff9311%) was reached at averaging times (\uffcf\uff84p) of 6\uffe2\uff80\uff937\uffe2\uff80\uff83h during daytime, but higher stable minima (CV=46\uffe2\uff80\uff93158%) were reached at longer \uffcf\uff84p (&gt;12\uffe2\uff80\uff83h) during nighttime. To the extent that decreasing CV of EC fluxes reflects reduction in micrometeorological sampling errors, half of the observed variability at \uffcf\uff84p=30\uffe2\uff80\uff83min is attributed to sampling errors. The remaining half (indicated by the stable minimum CV) is attributed to underlying variability in ecosystem structural properties, as determined by leaf area index, and perhaps associated ecosystem activity attributes. We further assessed the spatial variability estimates in the context of uncertainty in annual net ecosystem exchange (NEE). First, we adjusted annual NEE values obtained at our long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term observation tower to account for the difference between this tower and the mean of all towers from this experiment; this increased NEE by up to 55\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. Second, we combined uncertainty from gap filling and instrument error with uncertainty because of spatial variability, producing an estimate of variability in annual NEE ranging from 79 to 127\uffe2\uff80\uff83g\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83m\uffe2\uff88\uff922\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921. This analysis demonstrated that even in such a uniform pine plantation, in some years spatial variability can contribute \uffe2\uff88\uffbc50% of the uncertainty in annual NEE estimates.</p>", "keywords": ["550", "13. Climate action", "15. Life on land", "551", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01131.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/gcbb.12255", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:31Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-02-19", "title": "Bioenergy Harvest, Climate Change, And Forest Carbon In The Oregon Coast Range", "description": "Abstract<p>Forests provide important ecological, economic, and social services, and recent interest has emerged in the potential for using residue from timber harvest as a source of renewable woody bioenergy. The long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term consequences of such intensive harvest are unclear, particularly as forests face novel climatic conditions over the next century. We used a simulation model to project the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of management and climate change on above\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and belowground forest carbon storage in a watershed in northwestern Oregon. The multi\uffe2\uff80\uff90ownership watershed has a diverse range of current management practices, including little\uffe2\uff80\uff90to\uffe2\uff80\uff90no harvesting on federal lands, short\uffe2\uff80\uff90rotation clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cutting on industrial land, and a mix of practices on private nonindustrial land. We simulated multiple management scenarios, varying the rate and intensity of harvest, combined with projections of climate change. Our simulations project a wide range of total ecosystem carbon storage with varying harvest rate, ranging from a 45% increase to a 16% decrease in carbon compared to current levels. Increasing the intensity of harvest for bioenergy caused a 2\uffe2\uff80\uff933% decrease in ecosystem carbon relative to conventional harvest practices. Soil carbon was relatively insensitive to harvest rotation and intensity, and accumulated slowly regardless of harvest regime. Climate change reduced carbon accumulation in soil and detrital pools due to increasing heterotrophic respiration, and had small but variable effects on aboveground live carbon and total ecosystem carbon. Overall, we conclude that current levels of ecosystem carbon storage are maintained in part due to substantial portions of the landscape (federal and some private lands) remaining unharvested or lightly managed.\uffc2\uffa0Increasing the intensity of harvest for bioenergy on currently harvested land, however,\uffc2\uffa0led to a relatively small reduction in the ability of forests to store carbon. Climate change is unlikely to substantially alter carbon storage in these forests, absent shifts in disturbance regimes.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Carbon dioxide mitigation", "Forest ecology -- Oregon -- Oregon Coast Range", "Forest biomass", "13. Climate action", "Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry)", "Biomass energy", "Forest Biology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "Climatic change", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12255"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/GCB%20Bioenergy", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/gcbb.12255", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/gcbb.12255", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/gcbb.12255"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-05-25T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01699.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-03-20", "title": "Functional Complementarity Of Douglas-Fir Ectomycorrhizas For Extracellular Enzyme Activity After Wildfire Or Clearcut Logging", "description": "Summary<p> 1.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Clearcut logging results in major changes in ectomycorrhizal fungal communities, but whether this results in the loss of key functional traits, such as those associated with nutrient acquisition from soil organic matter, is unknown. Furthermore, little is known about the importance of resource partitioning in structuring ectomycorrhizal fungal communities following disturbance because most research on these communities has focussed on life history strategies. By studying functional traits, such as activities of enzymes involved in the catabolism of organic macromolecules in soil, we can determine whether a physiological potential for resource partitioning exists in pioneer ectomycorrhizal communities and whether severe disturbance affects these important ecosystem services.</p><p> 2.\uffe2\uff80\uff82We used activities of key hydrolytic enzymes in the ectomycorrhizospheres of Douglas\uffe2\uff80\uff90fir seedlings regenerating at clearcut sites as a functional trait to test whether these differed from those at recent wildfire sites or control forests. We sampled the most abundant types of ectomycorrhizas from 16\uffe2\uff80\uff90month\uffe2\uff80\uff90old seedlings from sites exposed to (i) low or (ii) high severity wildfire, (iii) sites that had been clearcut logged in the same year as the fire and (iv) sites that contained control stands of mature Douglas\uffe2\uff80\uff90fir. We expected differences in activities among ectomycorrhizas sampled from different disturbance treatments and among those formed by different fungal species.</p><p> 3.\uffe2\uff80\uff82In spite of large differences in soil chemistry, activities of acid phosphomonoesterase, N\uffe2\uff80\uff90acetylglucosaminidase and \uffce\uffb2\uffe2\uff80\uff90glucosidase, when averaged among the ectomycorrhizas sampled per site, were not affected by disturbance agent. However, activities varied up to sixfold among mycorrhizospheres of different fungal species on the same seedling. Multivariate analysis also indicated some consistent differences in enzyme profiles among ectomycorrhizas formed by specific fungal species, independent of treatment.</p><p> 4.\uffe2\uff80\uff82The finding that ectomycorrhizal fungal communities exposed to different disturbance agents are functionally similar with respect to the activities of three mycorrhizosphere enzymes supports the conclusion that complementarity exists among ectomycorrhizal fungi. The substantial physiological diversity among ectomycorrhizal fungi at the scale of an individual seedling\uffe2\uff80\uff99s root tips, especially at control mature forests, indicates the potential for resource partitioning within the ectomycorrhizal community and access to a wider range of nutrient sources by each seedling.</p><p> 5.\uffe2\uff80\uff82Functional similarity among ectomycorrhizal fungal communities across a disturbance severity gradient suggests that dry interior Douglas\uffe2\uff80\uff90fir forests are resilient to severe disturbances such as high severity wildfire and clearcutting with forest floor removal. Moreover, our results suggest that current harvesting practices emulate natural disturbances with respect to site\uffe2\uff80\uff90level mycorrhizosphere enzyme activity. The large variation in activity among fungal species, however, indicates that a substantial simplification of the fungal community through other perturbations, as expected with climate change, has the potential to affect ecosystem function.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01699.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Functional%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01699.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01699.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01699.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-09-16T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01809.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-11-04", "title": "Soil Organic Carbon Contents In Long-Term Experimental Grassland Plots In The Uk (Palace Leas And Park Grass) Have Not Changed Consistently In Recent Decades", "description": "Abstract<p>A recent report of widespread declines in soil organic C (SOC) in the UK over the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9325 years until the early 2000s has focussed attention on the importance of resampling previously characterized sites to assess long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term trends in SOC contents and the importance of soils as a potentially volatile and globally significant reservoir of terrestrial C. We have used two sets of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term experimental plots which have been under constant and known management for over a century and for which historical data exist that allow comparison over recent decades to determine what, if any, changes in SOC content have occurred. The plots used are the Palace Leas (PL) Meadow Hay Plots in north\uffe2\uff80\uff90east England (UK) established in 1897, and from the Park Grass (PG) Continuous Hay experiment established in 1856 at Rothamsted in south\uffe2\uff80\uff90east England. Collectively, these plots represent the only grassland sites in the UK under long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term management where changes in SOC over several decades can be assessed, and are probably unique in the world. The plots have received different manure and fertilizer treatment and have been under known management for at least 100 years. In 1982, total SOC contents were determined for the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9327\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm layer of six of the PL plots using measurements of SOC concentrations, bulk density and soil depth. In 2006, the same six PL plots were resampled and SOC contents determined again. Four of the plots showed no net change in SOC content, but two plots showed net loss of SOC of 15% and 17% (amounting to decreases of 18 and 15\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921) since 1982. However, these differences in total SOC content were in a similar range to the variations in bulk density (6\uffe2\uff80\uff9331%) with changing soil water content. In 1959, the soil masses and SOC concentrations to 23\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth were measured on six PG plots with fertilizer and manure treatments corresponding closely with those measured on PL. In 2002, the SOC concentrations on the same plots were measured again. On three of the PG plots, SOC concentrations had declined by 2\uffe2\uff80\uff9310%, but in the other three it had increased by 4\uffe2\uff80\uff938% between 1959 and 2002. If it is assumed that the soil bulk density had not changed over this period, the losses of SOC from the top soils ranged range from 10 to 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921, while the gains ranged from 4 to 7\uffe2\uff80\uff83t\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921. When the differences with time in SOC contents for the six PL and the six PG plots were examined using paired t\uffe2\uff80\uff90tests, that is, regarding the plots as two sets of six replicate permanent grasslands, there were no significant differences between 1982 and 2006 for the PL plots or between 1959 and 2002 for the PG plots. Thus, these independent observations on similar plots at PL and PG indicate there has been no consistent decrease in SOC stocks in surface soils under old, permanent grassland in England in recent decades, even though meteorological records for both sites indicate significant warming of the soil and air between 1980 and 2000. Because the potential influences of changes in management or land use have been definitively excluded, and measured rather than derived bulk densities have been used to convert from SOC concentrations to SOC amounts, our observations question whether for permanent grassland in England, losses in SOC in recent decades reported elsewhere can be attributed to widespread environmental change.</p>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Ecology", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "biodiversity conservation", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Environmental Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01809.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01809.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01809.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01809.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-06-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-22", "title": "Functional Changes In The Control Of Carbon Fluxes After 3 Years Of Increased Drought In A Mediterranean Evergreen Forest?", "description": "Abstract<p>Our objective was to test how a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term increased water limitation affects structural and functional properties of a Mediterranean ecosystem, and how these changes modify the response of the main carbon fluxes to climatic controls. In 2003, a 27% throughfall exclusion experiment was installed in a Quercus ilex L. forest in France. Gross primary production (GPP), ecosystem respiration (RECO) and net ecosystem exchange (NEE) were estimated in a control and a dry treatment. Decreasing throughfall decreased GPP by 14% and had a smaller effect on RECO (\uffe2\uff88\uff9212%), especially soil respiration RS (\uffe2\uff88\uff9211%). Interannual variability of GPP (29%) was higher than for RECO (12%). Error propagation was used to estimates uncertainties in the NEE fluxes, which ranged from 3% to 10% in the control treatment but up to 167% for NEE in the dry treatment because more steps and data types were involved in the scaling. After 3 years of throughfall exclusion, we found no acclimation of RS to climatic drivers. Functional properties of the response of RS to soil water, temperature and rain pulse remained similar in the control and the dry treatments. A diurnal clockwise hysteresis in RS was probably controlled by canopy photosynthesis with a 3\uffe2\uff80\uff83h lag. The proportion of diurnal variation of respiration due to photosynthesis was similar in all treatments (4\uffe2\uff80\uff935%). Because of the characteristic of rain in Mediterranean climates, a continuous decrease of water input in these environments have an effect on topsoil water and consequently on RS only during short periods when rainfall is characterized by infrequent and small events that does not allow the topsoil to reach field capacity and does not allow to dry completely. However, in the longer term, we expect a stronger decrease in RS in the dry treatment driven by the decrease in GPP.</p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "550", "15. Life on land", "gross primary production", "soil respiration", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Quercus ilex", "throughfall exclusion", "13. Climate action", "rain pulse", "eddy-covariance", "Q(10)", "error propagation", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.02121.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2010-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12198", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-07-31", "title": "Long-Term Effects Of Tillage, Nutrient Application And Crop Rotation On Soil Organic Matter Quality Assessed By Nmr Spectroscopy", "description": "Abstract<p>Crop and land management practices affect both the quality and quantity of soil organic matter (SOM) and hence are driving forces for soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration. The objective of this study was to assess the long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term effects of tillage, fertilizer application and crop rotation onSOCin an agricultural area of southern Norway, where a soil fertility and crop rotation experiment was initiated in 1953 and a second experiment on tillage practices was initiated in 1983. The first experiment comprised 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr crop rotations with cereals only and 2\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr cereal and 4\uffe2\uff80\uff90yr grass rotations with recommended (base) and more than the recommended (above base) fertilizer application rates; the second experiment dealt with autumn\uffe2\uff80\uff90ploughed (conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till) plots and direct\uffe2\uff80\uff90drilled plots (no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till). Soil samples at 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310 and 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm depths were collected in autumn 2009 and analysed for their C and N contents. The quality ofSOMin the top layer was determined by13C solid\uffe2\uff80\uff90stateNMRspectroscopy. TheSOCstock did not differ significantly because of rotation or fertilizer application types, even after 56\uffc2\uffa0yr. However, the no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system showed a significantly higherSOCstock than the conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system at the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9310\uffc2\uffa0cm depth after the 26\uffc2\uffa0yr of experiment, but it was not significantly different at the 10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330\uffc2\uffa0cm depth. In terms of quality,SOMwas found to differ by tillage type, rate of fertilizer application and crop rotation. The no\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system showed an abundance of O\uffe2\uff80\uff90alkyl C, while conventional\uffe2\uff80\uff90till system indicated an apparently indirect enrichment in alkyl C, suggesting a more advanced stage ofSOMdecomposition. The long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term quantitative and qualitative effects onSOMsuggest that adopting a no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage system and including grass in crop rotation and farmyard manure in fertilizer application may contribute to preserve soil fertility and mitigate climate change.</p>", "keywords": ["Fertilizer application", "2. Zero hunger", "Crop rotation", " fertilizer application", " soil organic carbon (SOC)", " soil organic matter (SOM)", " tillage", " NMR spectroscopy.", "NMR spectroscopy", "Crop rotation", "Soil organic matter (SOM)", "13. Climate action", "Soil organic carbon (SOC)", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12198"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12198", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12198", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12198"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-07-31T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1128/aem.02264-23", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-02-19", "title": "Novel endolithic bacteria of phylum             Chloroflexota             reveal a myriad of potential survival strategies in the Antarctic desert", "description": "ABSTRACT                                     <p>               The ice-free McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are dominated by nutrient-poor mineral soil and rocky outcrops. The principal habitat for microorganisms is within rocks (endolithic). In this environment, microorganisms are provided with protection against sub-zero temperatures, rapid thermal fluctuations, extreme dryness, and ultraviolet and solar radiation. Endolithic communities include lichen, algae, fungi, and a diverse array of bacteria.               Chloroflexota               is among the most abundant bacterial phyla present in these communities. Among the               Chloroflexota               are four novel classes of bacteria, here named               Candidatus               Spiritibacteria class. nov. (=UBA5177),               Candidatus               Martimicrobia class. nov. (=UBA4733),               Candidatus               Tarhunnaeia class. nov. (=UBA6077), and               Candidatus               Uliximicrobia class. nov. (=UBA2235). We retrieved 17 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) that represent these four classes. Based on genome predictions, all these bacteria are inferred to be aerobic heterotrophs that encode enzymes for the catabolism of diverse sugars. These and other organic substrates are likely derived from lichen, algae, and fungi, as metabolites (including photosynthate), cell wall components, and extracellular matrix components. The majority of MAGs encode the capacity for trace gas oxidation using high-affinity uptake hydrogenases, which could provide energy and metabolic water required for survival and persistence. Furthermore, some MAGs encode the capacity to couple the energy generated from H               2               and CO oxidation to support carbon fixation (atmospheric chemosynthesis). All encode mechanisms for the detoxification and efflux of heavy metals. Certain MAGs encode features that indicate possible interactions with other organisms, such as Tc-type toxin complexes, hemolysins, and macroglobulins.             </p>                            IMPORTANCE               <p>                 The ice-free McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica are the coldest and most hyperarid desert on Earth. It is, therefore, the closest analog to the surface of the planet Mars. Bacteria and other microorganisms survive by inhabiting airspaces within rocks (endolithic). We identify four novel classes of phylum                 Chloroflexota                 , and, based on interrogation of 17 metagenome-assembled genomes, we predict specific metabolic and physiological adaptations that facilitate the survival of these bacteria in this harsh environment\uffe2\uff80\uff94including oxidation of trace gases and the utilization of nutrients (including sugars) derived from lichen, algae, and fungi. We propose that such adaptations allow these endolithic bacteria to eke out an existence in this cold and extremely dry habitat.               </p>", "keywords": ["570", "Bacteria", "Fungi", "Antarctic Regions", "Chloroflexi", "15. Life on land", "Survival strategies", "Cold Temperature", "Extremophiles", "13. Climate action", "Antarctica", "Endolithic communities", "Metagenomics", "14. Life underwater", "Sugars", "Settore BIO/19 - MICROBIOLOGIA GENERALE"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02264-23"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Applied%20and%20Environmental%20Microbiology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1128/aem.02264-23", "name": "item", "description": "10.1128/aem.02264-23", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1128/aem.02264-23"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-02-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x04-063", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-10-08", "title": "Loss And Recovery Of Ecosystem Carbon Pools Following Stand-Replacing Wildfire In Michigan Jack Pine Forests", "description": "<p> We used a 72-year chronosequence to study the loss and recovery of ecosystem C pools following stand-replacing wildfire in Michigan, USA, jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) forests. We quantified the amount of C stored in aboveground plant biomass, standing dead timber, downed dead wood, surface organic soil, and mineral soil in 11 jack pine stands that had burned between 1 and 72 years previously. Total ecosystem C ranged from a low of 59 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha&#150;1 in the 4-year-old stand to 110 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha&#150;1 in the 72-year-old stand. Changes in total ecosystem C across the chronosequence conformed to theoretical predictions, in which C stocks declined initially as decomposition of dead wood and forest-floor C exceeded production by regenerating vegetation, and then increased asymptotically with the development of a new stand of jack pine. This pattern was well described by the following 'gamma' function: total ecosystem C (Mg\uffc2\uffb7ha&#150;1) = 112.2 &#150; 39.6 \uffc3\uff97 age0.351 \uffc3\uff97 exp(&#150;0.053 \uffc3\uff97 age01.039); mean-corrected R2 = 0.976. Using the first derivative of this parameterized gamma function, we estimated that jack pine stands function as a weak source of C to the atmosphere for only ca. 6 years following wildfire, and reach a maximum net ecosystem productivity of 1.6 Mg C\uffc2\uffb7ha&#150;1\uffc2\uffb7year&#150;1 by year 16. We attribute the rapid transition from carbon source to carbon sink in these ecosystems to two factors: (i) stand-replacing wildfires in these xeric forests leave behind little respirable substrate in surface organic horizons, and (ii) jack pine is able to rapidly reestablish following wildfires via serotinous cones. Jack pine stands remained net sinks for C across the chronosequence; however, net ecosystem productivity had declined to 0.12 C ha&#150;1\uffc2\uffb7year&#150;1 by year 72. Carbon sequestration by mature jack pine ecosystems was driven primarily by continued growth of overstory jack pine, not by accumulation of detrital C. </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x04-063"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x04-063", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x04-063", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x04-063"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x93-128", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:52Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-20", "title": "Effects Of Selected Forest Management-Practices On Environmental Parameters Related To Successional Development On The Tanana River Floodplain, Interior Alaska", "description": "<p> Two mature floodplain white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss) ecosystems (stage VIII) located on islands in the Tanana River, approximately 20\uffe2\uff80\uff82km southwest of Fairbanks, Alaska, were clear-cut during the winter of 1985\uffe2\uff80\uff931986 to quantify the effects of clear-cutting on selected environmental characteristics. Clearings in earlier successional stages (poplar\uffe2\uff80\uff93alder (Populus\uffe2\uff80\uff93Alnus), stage V; and open willow (Salix), stage III) were used to contrast the environmental parameters with the earlier stages found in the primary successional sequence. After clear-cutting, total radiation at the soil surface increased to early successional stage III levels. Potential evaporation from the soil surface increased 5-fold as a result of clearing in the stage VIII sites and was substantially greater than that found in the stage III sites by other researchers. Clearing had relatively little effect on air temperature. The concentration of P and K was significantly lower in the forest floor of both clearcuts, and the concentration of C was significantly higher at VIII-A-T (stage VIII\uffe2\uff80\uff93site A\uffe2\uff80\uff93treated (cleared) plot) when compared with the control stands. There was a decrease in total forest floor biomass at both clear-cut plots. Organic matter, total N, available NH4 and P, and extractable Mg and K all decreased after cutting, whereas pH increased. Decomposition of spruce foliage on the forest floor surface was slower in the clearcuts. Nitrogen immobilization occurred during the first 2 years of decomposition. During the third year it appeared that some mineralization was beginning to occur but the levels were very low, averaging only 3\uffe2\uff80\uff82mg N per bag in the clear-cut areas. Plant growth analysis indicated that growth was limited by high mineral soil salt content in the early successional stages (III) and that this limitation was species specific. Balsam poplar (Populusbalsamifera L.) appears to be more tolerant of the high cation content of the stage III sites compared with trembling aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.). By the time successional development has progressed to stage V, the soil has been sufficiently augmented by the inclusion of organic matter from the developing vegetation and the fixation of N by alder to result in higher seedling growth rates in the cleared areas. </p>", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "John Yarie", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x93-128"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x93-128", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x93-128", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x93-128"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1993-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.11591/.v3i4.4696", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-04", "title": "Factors associated with Institutional delivery in Boricha district of Sidama zone, southern Ethiopia", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>&lt;p style='color: #000000; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 10px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;'&gt;Every year, 40 million women give birth at home without the help of a&lt;br /&gt;skilled birth attendant. In 2011, 287,000 women died during pregnancy or childbirth. Almost all these deaths occur in developing countries where mothers and children lack access to basic health care. Reports showed the low utilization of health facility for delivery service in Ethiopia. This study aimed to determine the utilization and factors influencing institutional delivery. Community based cross sectional study was conducted from January to February 2013/14 in Boricha District of Southern Ethiopia among mothers who gave birth in the last 1 year. Multistage sampling techniques were used to collect data from 546 mothers. Taking in to account place of birth for the last child, only 4.9% women gave birth in a health facility. Women\u2019s education level (AOR=4.4 (95% CI=1.36-14.33)), timing of firstANC visit (AOR= .03 (95% CI=0.004 - 0.205)), women\u2019s advice to deliver in a health facility during ANC (AOR = 31.15 (95% CI=2.02-479.52)), women\u2019s knowledge of birth related complications (AOR= 12.4 (95% CI=2.67-57.16)) and decision making power (AOR=0.2 (95% CI=0.060.82)) showed significant association with institutionional delivery. Institutional delivery in the study area was found to be very low. Raising\u00a0awareness on institutional delivery to maximize delivery service utilization and strengthening provision of education and counseling to deliver in health facility during antenatal care visits at individual and community level should be given due emphasis.&lt;/p&gt;</p></article>", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "03 medical and health sciences", "0302 clinical medicine", "1. No poverty", "3. Good health"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.11591/.v3i4.4696"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/International%20Journal%20of%20Public%20Health%20Science%20%28IJPHS%29", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.11591/.v3i4.4696", "name": "item", "description": "10.11591/.v3i4.4696", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.11591/.v3i4.4696"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1175/bams-d-20-0086.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-08-20", "title": "Tundra greenness", "description": "Physical and Space Geodesy", "keywords": ["[SDU.STU.CL] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology", "[SDU.STU.ME] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/bams/101/8/bamsD200086.xml"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-20-0086.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1175/bams-d-20-0086.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1175/bams-d-20-0086.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1175/bams-d-20-0086.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:17:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-06-15", "title": "Investigating the extent of PFAS contamination in the Upper Danube Basin across environmental compartments", "description": "Abstract                        Background             <p>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging organic pollutants widely detected in environmental systems, posing risks to human health and the ecosystem. Despite increasing efforts to monitor PFAS in river systems, knowledge gaps remain regarding sources and emissions via different pathways. This study investigates PFAS contamination across multiple environmental compartments in the Upper Danube Basin, including surface water, groundwater, wastewater, landfill leachate, surface runoff, and atmospheric deposition. The primary objectives are to assess the extent of PFAS contamination, identify key emission sources and transport pathways, and evaluate associated risks in terms of the potential exceedance of current and proposed environmental regulatory thresholds in the European Union.</p>                                   Results             <p>The findings reveal a widespread presence of PFAS, with PFOA, PFOS and short-chain compounds being predominant. The Alz River and Gendorf chemical park emerge as hotspots with far-reaching effects downstream, contributing significantly to diffuse legacy contamination of PFOA and being a significant source of two industrial PFOA substitutes, ADONA and GenX. Wastewater treatment plants, old municipal landfills, and sites with a history of fire-fighting foam application are identified as key pathways or sources of legacy pollution, exhibiting higher concentrations compared to the other matrices. Notably, no significant removal is observed when comparing influent and effluent samples from conventional WWTPs. The study further demonstrates that groundwater is vulnerable to contamination from point sources and to infiltration from rivers, with bank filtration proving largely ineffective in preventing PFAS contamination.</p>                                   Conclusions             <p>The study underscores the necessity for source and pathway control measures to mitigate PFAS pollution, the implementation of advanced treatment technologies to safeguard drinking water and surface water quality, and targeted remediation for legacy soil and groundwater contamination. Additionally, strong use regulations should be explored to minimize ongoing emissions. The multi-compartment monitoring proves to be a crucial approach to understand the complexity of PFAS distribution at the catchment scale. Comparative analysis and risk assessment highlight challenging situations for water management, offering an indispensable basis for emission modeling as a next step for quantitative assessment of the relevance of different sources and pathways for surface water pollution.</p>", "keywords": ["Emerging contaminants", "Emerging Pollutants", "PFAS", "Source identification", "Watershed management", "Environmental sciences", "Emission", "Water Framework Directive", "Environmental law", "Water pollution", "GE1-350", "K3581-3598", "Catchment monitoring", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Sciences%20Europe", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6", "name": "item", "description": "10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1186/s12302-025-01141-6"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-06-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10138/578894", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:21:33Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-05-31", "title": "Comparison between lower-cost and conventional eddy covariance setups for CO2 and evapotranspiration measurements above monocropping and agroforestry systems", "description": "Open AccessPeer reviewed", "keywords": ["Physical sciences", "Evapotranspiration", "Lower-cost eddy covariance", "Carbon dioxide flux", "Agroforestry", "Gas analyzer"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10138/578894"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10138/578894", "name": "item", "description": "10138/578894", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10138/578894"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.15454/SVDTOU", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:18:08Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Statistiques spatio-temporelles sur les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s agronomiques des sols agricoles en France issues de la Base de Donn\u00e9es d'Analyses de Terre (BDAT)", "description": "In France, farmers commission about 250,000 soil-testing analyses per year to assist them managing soil fertility. The number and diversity of origin of the samples make these analyses an interesting and original information source regarding cultivated topsoil variability. Moreover, these analyses relate to several parameters strongly influenced by human activity (macronutrient contents, pH...), for which existing cartographic information is not very relevant. Compiling the results of these analyses into a database makes it possible to re-use these data within both a national and temporal framework. A database compilation relating to data collected over the period 1990-2014 has been recently achieved. So far, commercial soil-testing laboratories approved by the Ministry of Agriculture have provided analytical results from more than 3,600,000 samples. After the initial quality control stage, analytical results from more than 1,900,000 samples were available in the database. The anonymity of the landholders seeking soil analyses is perfectly preserved, as the only identifying information stored is the location of the nearest administrative city to the sample site. We present in this dataset a set of statistical parameters of the spatial distributions for several agronomic soil properties. These statistical parameters are calculated for 4 different nested spatial entities (administrative areas: e.g. regions, departments, counties and agricultural areas) and for 5 time periods (1990-1994, 1995-1999, 2000-2004, 2005-2009, 2010-2014). Two kinds of agronomic soil properties are available: the first one correspond to the quantitative variables like the organic carbon content, and the second one corresponds to the qualitative variables like the texture class. For each spatial unit and temporal period, we calculated the following statistics sets: the first set is calculated for the quantitative variables and corresponds to the number of samples, the mean, the standard deviation and, the 2-,4-,10-quantiles; the second set is calculated for the qualitative variables and corresponds to the number of samples, the value of the dominant class, the number of samples of the dominant class, the second dominant class, the number of samples of the second dominant class.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Earth and Environmental Science", "Soils and soil sciences", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Soil Sciences", "soil texture", "15. Life on land", "soil analysis", "Environmental Research", "Natural Sciences", "Geosciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Saby, Nicolas P.A., Lemercier, Blandine, Arrouays, Dominique, Walter, Christian, Gouny, Laetitia, Swidersky, Chlo\u00e9, Toutain, Beno\u00eet, Bispo, Antonio,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.15454/SVDTOU"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.15454/SVDTOU", "name": "item", "description": "10.15454/SVDTOU", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.15454/SVDTOU"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000100016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:18:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-03-11", "title": "Atributos F\u00edsicos, Qu\u00edmicos E Biol\u00f3gicos De Solo De Cerrado Sob Diferentes Sistemas De Uso E Manejo", "description": "<p>\uffc3\uff80 medida que o conhecimento do sistema plantio direto se amplia, verifica-se que o uso de indicadores qu\uffc3\uffadmicos isolados n\uffc3\uffa3o permite melhor caracteriza\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o dos solos, sendo necess\uffc3\uffa1rio utilizar um conjunto de indicadores da qualidade do solo com a entrada de outros atributos, entre eles os f\uffc3\uffadsicos e os biol\uffc3\uffb3gicos. Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de sistemas de manejo e uso do solo nos atributos f\uffc3\uffadsicos, qu\uffc3\uffadmicos e biol\uffc3\uffb3gicos de um Latossolo Vermelho distr\uffc3\uffb3fico e um Neossolo Quartzar\uffc3\uffaanico \uffc3\uffb3rtico sob Cerrado, no entorno do Parque Nacional das Emas. Os aspectos avaliados no Latossolo foram: Cerrado nativo, pastagem, milheto em preparo convencional, nabo forrageiro em plantio direto e sorgo em plantio direto. No Neossolo: Cerrado nativo, pastagem nativa, integra\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o agricultura-pecu\uffc3\uffa1ria, pastagem cultivada, plantio direto com soja no ver\uffc3\uffa3o e plantio direto com milho no ver\uffc3\uffa3o. As amostras de solo foram coletadas na profundidade de 0 a 10 cm. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado, com cinco parcelas de 150 m\uffc2\uffb2, sendo coletadas 10 subamostras aleat\uffc3\uffb3rias. As an\uffc3\uffa1lises qu\uffc3\uffadmicas, f\uffc3\uffadsicas e biol\uffc3\uffb3gicas foram realizadas no Laborat\uffc3\uffb3rio de Solos da UFG/CJ. Os manejos promoveram altera\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es na densidade do solo, volume total de poros, macroporos e resist\uffc3\uffaancia do solo \uffc3\uffa0 penetra\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o no Neossolo e no Latossolo, excetuando-se neste o volume total de poros. Houve pequena varia\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o nos atributos qu\uffc3\uffadmicos nos dois solos, com o Cerrado apresentando maior acidez potencial e menor teor de c\uffc3\uffa1tions troc\uffc3\uffa1veis e P. Os atributos biol\uffc3\uffb3gicos do solo foram alterados pelos sistemas de manejo, sendo mais prejudicados em sistemas com maior revolvimento do solo. A an\uffc3\uffa1lise can\uffc3\uffb4nica dos dados demonstrou que os atributos f\uffc3\uffadsicos foram os de menor import\uffc3\uffa2ncia por apresentar maior coeficiente de pondera\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o nas vari\uffc3\uffa1veis can\uffc3\uffb4nicas. Os atributos do solo, isoladamente, pouco contribu\uffc3\uffadram para a avalia\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o da qualidade do solo: no entanto, quando se usou a an\uffc3\uffa1lise multivariada, subsidiaram a constata\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o dos manejos do solo mais sustent\uffc3\uffa1veis.</p>", "keywords": ["C fra\u00e7\u00e3o leve", "multivariate analysis", "an\u00e1lise multivariada", "plantio direto", "light carbon fraction", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil quality", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06832009000100016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000100016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06832009000100016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06832009000100016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17026/dans-z8z-5t4e", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-08-23T16:18:15Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Consumers' attitudes towards microbial applications in food production", "description": "The data was collected using an online survey as part of the research activities of the European Horizon 2020 project SIMBA (Sustainable Innovation of Microbiome Applications in the Food System). Online surveys were used to collect consumer respondent data for three food products (wheat bread, consumer potatoes and tomato sauce). These food products were selected as part of the EU Horizon 2020 SIMBA project for reflecting the diversity of food value chains in terms of organisation, technology, climatic conditions and consumption patterns across the EU. Three questionnaires corresponding to the three food products were prepared. The questionnaires consisted of four main parts: (1) socio-demographic characteristics (e.g. gender, education, income; Part One), (2) health and environmental concerns related to chemical use in farming, knowledge about microbial applications, perceived microbial health risks and attitude towards microbial applications in food production (Part Two), (3) questions for eliciting a consumer\u2019s willingness-to-pay (WTP) for a food product that had been obtained through a microbial-enhanced production system with reduced or no chemical use (Part Three), and (4) questions for eliciting a respondent\u2019s food choice motives (FCMs) using de Boer et al.\u2019s (2007) FCM questionnaire (Part Four). In addition, the questionnaire had an introduction section containing information sheet about the study and a consent form. The consent form and the information sheet for safeguarding the ethical aspects of this study (e.g. data handling, privacy and potential risks to respondents) were approved by the General Assembly of the SIMBA project as well as the Social Sciences Ethics Committee of Wageningen University prior to distributing the surveys. We collected data primarily from three countries: Germany, Italy and Netherlands.The data was collected to undertake a study to support the uptake of food products that are produced and/or processed using microbial applications. The aim of the survey was to get some insights about food choice motives of consumers, and the socio-demographic and behavioural factors influencing their food choices. The survey specifically aimed to assess the preferences and perceptions, and willingness-to-pay of consumers to wheat, potato and tomato-based food products that are produced and/or processed using microbial applications.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "Economics", "Social and Behavioural Sciences", "Business and Management", "Food economics", "12. 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