{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1002/2016JD026099", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-04-07", "title": "Global soil moisture bimodality in satellite observations and climate models", "description": "Abstract<p>A new diagnostic metric based on soil moisture bimodality is developed in order to examine and compare soil moisture from satellite observations and Earth System Models. The methodology to derive this diagnostic is based on maximum likelihood estimator encoded into an iterative algorithm, which is applied to the soil moisture probability density function. This metric is applied to satellite data from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for the Earth Observing System and global climate models data from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Results show high soil moisture bimodality in transitional climate areas and high latitudes, potentially associated with land\uffe2\uff80\uff90atmosphere feedback processes. When comparing satellite versus climate models, a clear difference in their soil moisture bimodality is observed, with systematically higher values in the case of CMIP5 models. These differences appear related to areas where land\uffe2\uff80\uff90atmospheric feedback may be overestimated in current climate models.</p>", "keywords": ["PREFERENTIAL STATES", "IMPACT", "MIXTURE", "SCHEME", "0207 environmental engineering", "NORMAL-DISTRIBUTIONS", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "PART I", "satellite soil moisture", "climate models", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "LAND-SURFACE MODEL", "PRECIPITATION", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "CMIP5", "ATMOSPHERE COUPLING EXPERIMENT", "land-atmosphere interactions", "soil moisture", "bimodality", "SYSTEM", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016JD026099"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1002/2016JD026099"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1002/2016JD026099", "name": "item", "description": "10.1002/2016JD026099", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1002/2016JD026099"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-04-27T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1007/s00704-004-0068-1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Restricted", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:14:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-09-24", "title": "Air Movement And Its Consequences Around A Multiple Shelterbelt System Under Advective Conditions In Semi-Arid Northern Nigeria", "description": "Horizontal wind speed patterns above a scarce millet row crop on inhomogeneous sandy soil revealed insufficient protection from hot winds by multiple shelterbelts in semi-arid Northern Nigeria. This appeared mainly due to too high distances between the belts. Marked yield drops occurred with distance between the belts, in what McNaughton defined (under mechanical damage and microclimate disturbance from strong winds) as the unprotected wake zone. These may, in the case of hot winds, mainly be attributed to combined negative effects on soil moisture and crop physiology of the combination of turbulence, worsened by the shelterbelts, and advected heat. Other parameters confirm the picture of the wake zone and the quiet zone, the latter also being present windward of the belts in a reduced form. The results have serious consequences for the design rules of multiple shelterbelts and alternatives under African semi-arid conditions.", "keywords": ["windbreaks", "13. Climate action", "millet", "scheme", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "crop", "sand", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Onyewotu, L.O.Z., Stigter, C.J., Oladipo, E.O., Owonubi, J.J.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-004-0068-1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Theoretical%20and%20Applied%20Climatology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1007/s00704-004-0068-1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1007/s00704-004-0068-1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1007/s00704-004-0068-1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-09-29T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104299", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:12Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-23", "title": "Numerical integration of an elasto-plastic critical state model for soils under unsaturated conditions", "description": "Open AccessThis paper presents the complete set of incremental equations for the numerical integration of the Glasgow Coupled Model (GCM) and a comprehensive algorithm for its numerical integration. The incremental formulation proposed is expressed in terms of strain and suction increments (i.e. strain-driven) and defines an initial value problem (IVP) that can be solved once the initial state and the pair of increments of the driven variables are known. The numerical integration of this IVP is carried out by extending to unsaturated condition, the well-known explicit substepping formulation with automatic error control widely used for saturated soils. A notable feature of the substepping integration scheme presented is that it integrates simultaneously the model equations for both mechanical and water retention responses. Hence, the estimate of the local truncation error to automatically adjust the size of the integration step is not only affected by the local error in stresses and mechanical hardening parameter (as in a saturated soil model) but, additionally, by the local error incurred in the integration of the water retention relations (i.e. degree of saturation and water retention hardening parameter). The correctness of the integration scheme is then verified by comparison of computational outcomes against analytical/reference solutions.", "keywords": ["Soil mechanics", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geot\u00e8cnia::Mec\u00e0nica de s\u00f2ls", "Unsaturated soils", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "510", "Mec\u00e0nica dels s\u00f2ls", "518", "Substepping integration schemes", "Automatic error control", "0101 mathematics", ":Enginyeria civil::Geot\u00e8cnia::Mec\u00e0nica de s\u00f2ls [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "Strain-driver"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lloret Cabot, Marti, Wheeler, Simon J., Gens Sol\u00e9, Antonio, Sloan, Scott,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://dro.dur.ac.uk/33416/1/33416.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104299"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Computers%20and%20Geotechnics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104299", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104299", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.compgeo.2021.104299"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.09.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:16:27Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-10-27", "title": "Urban Multi-scale Environmental Predictor (UMEP): An integrated tool for city-based climate services", "description": "UMEP (Urban Multi-scale Environmental Predictor), a city-based climate service tool, combines models and tools essential for climate simulations. Applications are presented to illustrate UMEP's potential in the identification of heat waves and cold waves; the impact of green infrastructure on runoff; the effects of buildings on human thermal stress; solar energy production; and the impact of human activities on heat emissions. UMEP has broad utility for applications related to outdoor thermal comfort, wind, urban energy consumption and climate change mitigation. It includes tools to enable users to input atmospheric and surface data from multiple sources, to characterise the urban environment, to prepare meteorological data for use in cities, to undertake simulations and consider scenarios, and to compare and visualise different combinations of climate indicators. An open-source tool, UMEP is designed to be easily updated as new data and tools are developed, and to be accessible to researchers, decision-makers and practitioners.", "keywords": ["Urban climate services", "MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE", "THERMAL COMFORT", "FLUXES", "SURFACE COVER", "CITIES", "Heat risk", "BALANCE SCHEME SUEWS", "Green infrastructure", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "LOCAL CLIMATE", "MODEL", "Physical sciences", "Environmental sciences", "Solar energy", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "ANTHROPOGENIC HEAT", "ENERGY-BALANCE", "QGIS", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/73171/2/1-s2.0-S1364815217304140-main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.09.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Environmental%20Modelling%20%26amp%3B%20Software", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.09.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.09.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.09.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1029/2020jd034163", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:18:13Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-07-23", "title": "Upgrading Land\u2010Cover and Vegetation Seasonality in the ECMWF Coupled System: Verification With FLUXNET Sites, METEOSAT Satellite Land Surface Temperatures, and ERA5 Atmospheric Reanalysis", "description": "Abstract<p>In this study, we show that limitations in the representation of land cover and vegetation seasonality in the European Centre for Medium\uffe2\uff80\uff90Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) model are partially responsible for large biases (up to \uffe2\uff88\uffbc10\uffc2\uffb0C, either positive or negative depending on the region) on the simulated daily maximum land surface temperature (LST) with respect to satellite Earth Observations (EOs) products from the Land Surface Analysis Satellite Application Facility. The error patterns were coherent in offline land\uffe2\uff80\uff90surface and coupled land\uffe2\uff80\uff90atmosphere simulations, and in ECMWF's latest generation reanalysis (ERA5). Subsequently, we updated the ECMWF model's land cover characterization leveraging on state\uffe2\uff80\uff90of\uffe2\uff80\uff90the\uffe2\uff80\uff90art EOs\uffe2\uff80\uff94the European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative land cover data set and the Copernicus Global Land Services leaf area index. Additionally, we tested a clumping parameterization, introducing seasonality to the effective low vegetation coverage. The updates reduced the overall daily maximum LST bias and unbiased root\uffe2\uff80\uff90mean\uffe2\uff80\uff90squared errors. In contrast, the implemented updates had a neutral impact on daily minimum LST. Our results also highlighted the complex regional heterogeneities in the atmospheric sensitivity to land cover and vegetation changes, particularly with issues emerging over eastern Brazil and northeastern Asia. These issues called for a re\uffe2\uff80\uff90calibration of model parameters (e.g., minimum stomatal resistance, roughness length, rooting depth), along with a revision of several model assumptions (e.g., snow shading by high vegetation).</p>", "keywords": ["Atmospheric Science", "CLIMATE-CHANGE", "IMPACT", "PREDICTION", "SNOW SCHEME", "ASSIMILATION", "MODELS", "15. Life on land", "SOIL-MOISTURE", "01 natural sciences", "PREDICTABILITY", "VARIABILITY", "Geophysics", "Space and Planetary Science", "13. Climate action", "Earth and Environmental Sciences", "Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)", "SENSITIVITY", "Research Article", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1029/2020jd034163"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Journal%20of%20Geophysical%20Research%3A%20Atmospheres", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1029/2020jd034163", "name": "item", "description": "10.1029/2020jd034163", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1029/2020jd034163"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-08-02T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/rs10060974", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:21:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-19", "title": "Combining a Two Source Energy Balance Model Driven by MODIS and MSG-SEVIRI Products with an Aggregation Approach to Estimate Turbulent Fluxes over Sparse and Heterogeneous Vegetation in Sahel Region (Niger)", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Estimates of turbulent fluxes (i.e., sensible and latent heat fluxes H and LE) over heterogeneous surfaces is not an easy task. The heterogeneity caused by the contrast in vegetation, hydric and soil conditions can generate a large spatial variability in terms of surface\u2013atmosphere interactions. This study considered the issue of using a thermal-based two-source energy model (TSEB) driven by MODIS (Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and MSG (Meteosat Second Generation) observations in conjunction with an aggregation scheme to derive area-averaged H and LE over a heterogeneous watershed in Niamey, Niger (Wankama catchment). Data collected in the context of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) program, including a scintillometry campaign, were used to test the proposed approach. The model predictions of area-averaged turbulent fluxes were compared to data acquired by a Large Aperture Scintillometer (LAS) set up over a transect about 3.2 km-long and spanning three vegetation types (millet, fallow and degraded shrubs). First, H and LE fluxes were estimated at the MSG-SEVIRI grid scale by neglecting explicitly the subpixel heterogeneity. Moreover, the impact of upscaling the model\u2019s inputs was investigated using in-situ input data and three aggregation schemes of increasing complexity based on MODIS products: a simple averaging of inputs at the MODIS resolution scale, another simple averaging scheme that considers scintillometer footprint extent, and the weighted average of inputs based on the footprint weighting function. The H and LE simulated using the footprint weighted method were more accurate than for the two other aggregation rules despite the heterogeneity of the landscape. The statistical values are: correlation coefficient (R) = 0.71, root mean square error (RMSE) = 63 W/m2 and mean bias error (MBE) = \u221223 W/m2 for H and an R = 0.82, RMSE = 88 W/m2 and MBE = 45 W/m2 for LE. This study opens perspectives for the monitoring of convective and evaporative fluxes over heterogeneous landscape based on medium resolution satellite products.</p></article>", "keywords": ["550", "Science", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "551", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "TSEB model", "aggregation schemes", "scintillometry", "non-uniform and heterogeneous surfaces", "11. Sustainability", "heterogeneous surfaces", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Q", "SEVIRI", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "non-uniform and", "MODIS", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "regional surfaces fluxes", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/974/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/rs10060974"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/rs10060974", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/rs10060974", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/rs10060974"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/essd-10-405-2018", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:22:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-12", "title": "Global Carbon Budget 2017", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere \u2013 the global carbon budget \u2013 is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-cover change data and bookkeeping models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as \u00b11\u03c3. For the last decade available (2007\u20132016), EFF was 9.4\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, ELUC 1.3\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.7\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, GATM 4.7\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.1\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, SOCEAN 2.4\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, and SLAND 3.0\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.8\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.6\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For year 2016 alone, the growth in EFF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121. Also for 2016, ELUC was 1.3\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.7\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, GATM was 6.1\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.2\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, SOCEAN was 2.6\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, and SLAND was 2.7\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.0\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, with a small BIM of \u22120.3\u202fGtC. GATM continued to be higher in 2016 compared to the past decade (2007\u20132016), reflecting in part the high fossil emissions and the small SLAND consistent with El Ni\u00f1o conditions. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 402.8\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.1\u202fppm averaged over 2016. For 2017, preliminary data for the first 6\u20139\u00a0months indicate a renewed growth in EFF of +2.0\u202f% (range of 0.8 to 3.0\u202f%) based on national emissions projections for China, USA, and India, and projections of gross domestic product (GDP) corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Qu\u00e9r\u00e9 et al., 2016, 2015b, a, 2014, 2013). All results presented here can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2017 (GCP, 2017).                     </p></article>", "keywords": ["ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES", "550", "530 Physics", "[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]", "MIXED-LAYER SCHEME", "INTERNATIONAL-TRADE", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "333", "12. Responsible consumption", "FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION", "ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 UPTAKE", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Life Science", "GE1-350", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "DIOXIDE EMISSIONS", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "LAND-COVER CHANGE", "QE1-996.5", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "EARTH SYSTEM MODEL", "ddc:550", "VEGETATION MODEL", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "General Earth and Planetary Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/66578/1/Published_manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "http://oceanrep.geomar.de/42391/1/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/116576/1/lequere18essd.pdf"}, {"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/15161/1/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/15161/1/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/10/405/2018/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20System%20Science%20Data", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/essd-10-405-2018", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/essd-10-405-2018", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/essd-10-405-2018"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5194/essd-2021-358", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:22:48Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-28", "title": "The MONARCH high-resolution reanalysis of desert dust aerosol over Northern Africa, the Middle East and Europe (2007\u20132016)", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. One of the challenges in studying desert dust aerosol along with its numerous interactions and impacts is the paucity of direct in-situ measurements, particularly in the areas most affected by dust storms. Satellites typically provide columnintegrated aerosol measurements, but observationally-constrained continuous 3D dust fields are needed to assess dust variability, climate effects and impacts upon a variety of socio-economic sectors. Here, we present a high resolution regional reanalysis data set of desert dust aerosols that covers Northern Africa, the Middle East and Europe along with the Mediterranean sea and parts of Central Asia, and the Atlantic and Indian Oceans between 2007 and 2016. The horizontal resolution is 0.1\u00b0 latitude\u2009\u00d7\u20090.1\u00b0 longitude, and the temporal resolution is 3 hours. The reanalysis was produced using Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) data assimilation in the Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) developed at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC). The assimilated data are coarse-mode dust optical depth retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue Level 2 products. The reanalysis data set consists of upper air (dust mass concentrations and extinction coefficient), surface (dust deposition and solar irradiance fields, among them) and total column (e.g., dust optical depth and load) variables. Some dust variables, such as concentrations and wet and dry deposition, are expressed for a binned size distribution that ranges from 0.2 to 20\u2009\u03bcm in particle diameter. Both analysis and first-guess (analysis-initialized simulation) fields are available for the variables that are diagnosed from the state vector. A set of ensemble statistics is archived for each output variable, namely the ensemble mean, standard deviation, maximum and median. The spatial and temporal distribution of the dust fields follows well-known dust cycle features controlled by seasonal changes in meteorology and vegetation cover. The analysis is statistically closer to the assimilated retrievals than the first-guess, which proves the consistency of the data assimilation method. Independent evaluation using AERONET dust-filtered optical depth retrievals indicates that the reanalysis data set is highly accurate (mean bias\u2009=\u2009\u22120.05, RMSE\u2009=\u20090.12, r\u2009=\u20090.81 when compared to retrievals from the spectral de-convolution algorithm on a 3-hourly basis). Verification statistics are broadly homogeneous in space and time with regional differences that can be partly attributed to model limitations (e.g., poor representation of small-scale emission processes), presence of aerosols other than dust in the observations used in the evaluation, and differences in the number of observations among seasons. Such a reliable high-resolution historical record of atmospheric desert dust will allow a better quantification of dust impacts upon key sectors of society and economy, including health, solar energy production and transportation. The reanalysis data set (Di Tomaso et al., 2021) is distributed via a Thematic Real-time Environmental Distributed Data Service (THREDDS) at BSC and freely available at http://hdl.handle.net/21.12146/c6d4a608-5de3-47f6-a004-67cb1d498d98.                         </p></article>", "keywords": ["Desert dust aerosol", "550", "Climate", "MINERAL-COMPOSITION", "Aerosols atmosf\u00e8rics", "01 natural sciences", "Dust emission", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "LETKF", "Local ensemble transform Kalman filter", "DATA ASSIMILATION", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Ci\u00e8ncies de la terra i de la vida::Climatologia i meteorologia", "Pols -- Control", "SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being", "MONARCH", "SAHARAN DUST", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "SIZE DISTRIBUTION", "GE1-350", "Desert", "CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME", "Aerosol measurements", "Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", ":Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Ci\u00e8ncies de la terra i de la vida::Climatologia i meteorologia [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "ddc:550", "Geology", "1 MODEL DESCRIPTION", "OPTICAL-PROPERTIES", "MONARCH modeling system", "Atmospheric aerosols", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "PM10 CONCENTRATIONS", "900", "Dust aerosol", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO", "MEDITERRANEAN BASIN", "Dust control"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/417480/1/prod_471097-doc_191235.pdf"}, {"href": "https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/2785/2022/essd-14-2785-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2021-358"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20System%20Science%20Data", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5194/essd-2021-358", "name": "item", "description": "10.5194/essd-2021-358", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5194/essd-2021-358"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2809132863", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:14Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-06-19", "title": "Combining a Two Source Energy Balance Model Driven by MODIS and MSG-SEVIRI Products with an Aggregation Approach to Estimate Turbulent Fluxes over Sparse and Heterogeneous Vegetation in Sahel Region (Niger)", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Estimates of turbulent fluxes (i.e., sensible and latent heat fluxes H and LE) over heterogeneous surfaces is not an easy task. The heterogeneity caused by the contrast in vegetation, hydric and soil conditions can generate a large spatial variability in terms of surface\u2013atmosphere interactions. This study considered the issue of using a thermal-based two-source energy model (TSEB) driven by MODIS (Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and MSG (Meteosat Second Generation) observations in conjunction with an aggregation scheme to derive area-averaged H and LE over a heterogeneous watershed in Niamey, Niger (Wankama catchment). Data collected in the context of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) program, including a scintillometry campaign, were used to test the proposed approach. The model predictions of area-averaged turbulent fluxes were compared to data acquired by a Large Aperture Scintillometer (LAS) set up over a transect about 3.2 km-long and spanning three vegetation types (millet, fallow and degraded shrubs). First, H and LE fluxes were estimated at the MSG-SEVIRI grid scale by neglecting explicitly the subpixel heterogeneity. Moreover, the impact of upscaling the model\u2019s inputs was investigated using in-situ input data and three aggregation schemes of increasing complexity based on MODIS products: a simple averaging of inputs at the MODIS resolution scale, another simple averaging scheme that considers scintillometer footprint extent, and the weighted average of inputs based on the footprint weighting function. The H and LE simulated using the footprint weighted method were more accurate than for the two other aggregation rules despite the heterogeneity of the landscape. The statistical values are: correlation coefficient (R) = 0.71, root mean square error (RMSE) = 63 W/m2 and mean bias error (MBE) = \u221223 W/m2 for H and an R = 0.82, RMSE = 88 W/m2 and MBE = 45 W/m2 for LE. This study opens perspectives for the monitoring of convective and evaporative fluxes over heterogeneous landscape based on medium resolution satellite products.</p></article>", "keywords": ["550", "Science", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "551", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "TSEB model", "aggregation schemes", "scintillometry", "non-uniform and heterogeneous surfaces", "11. Sustainability", "heterogeneous surfaces", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Q", "SEVIRI", "15. Life on land", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "non-uniform and", "MODIS", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "regional surfaces fluxes", "environment"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/10/6/974/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2809132863"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Remote%20Sensing", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2809132863", "name": "item", "description": "2809132863", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2809132863"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-06-19T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1912/10214", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:32Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-03-12", "title": "Global Carbon Budget 2017", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. Accurate assessment of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and their redistribution among the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere \u2013 the global carbon budget \u2013 is important to better understand the global carbon cycle, support the development of climate policies, and project future climate change. Here we describe data sets and methodology to quantify the five major components of the global carbon budget and their uncertainties. CO2 emissions from fossil fuels and industry (EFF) are based on energy statistics and cement production data, respectively, while emissions from land-use change (ELUC), mainly deforestation, are based on land-cover change data and bookkeeping models. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration is measured directly and its rate of growth (GATM) is computed from the annual changes in concentration. The ocean CO2 sink (SOCEAN) and terrestrial CO2 sink (SLAND) are estimated with global process models constrained by observations. The resulting carbon budget imbalance (BIM), the difference between the estimated total emissions and the estimated changes in the atmosphere, ocean, and terrestrial biosphere, is a measure of imperfect data and understanding of the contemporary carbon cycle. All uncertainties are reported as \u00b11\u03c3. For the last decade available (2007\u20132016), EFF was 9.4\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, ELUC 1.3\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.7\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, GATM 4.7\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.1\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, SOCEAN 2.4\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, and SLAND 3.0\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.8\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, with a budget imbalance BIM of 0.6\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121 indicating overestimated emissions and/or underestimated sinks. For year 2016 alone, the growth in EFF was approximately zero and emissions remained at 9.9\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121. Also for 2016, ELUC was 1.3\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.7\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, GATM was 6.1\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.2\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, SOCEAN was 2.6\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.5\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, and SLAND was 2.7\u202f\u00b1\u202f1.0\u202fGtC\u202fyr\u22121, with a small BIM of \u22120.3\u202fGtC. GATM continued to be higher in 2016 compared to the past decade (2007\u20132016), reflecting in part the high fossil emissions and the small SLAND consistent with El Ni\u00f1o conditions. The global atmospheric CO2 concentration reached 402.8\u202f\u00b1\u202f0.1\u202fppm averaged over 2016. For 2017, preliminary data for the first 6\u20139\u00a0months indicate a renewed growth in EFF of +2.0\u202f% (range of 0.8 to 3.0\u202f%) based on national emissions projections for China, USA, and India, and projections of gross domestic product (GDP) corrected for recent changes in the carbon intensity of the economy for the rest of the world. This living data update documents changes in the methods and data sets used in this new global carbon budget compared with previous publications of this data set (Le Qu\u00e9r\u00e9 et al., 2016, 2015b, a, 2014, 2013). All results presented here can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.18160/GCP-2017 (GCP, 2017).</p></article>", "keywords": ["ENVIRONMENT SIMULATOR JULES", "550", "530 Physics", "[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]", "MIXED-LAYER SCHEME", "INTERNATIONAL-TRADE", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "333", "12. Responsible consumption", "FOSSIL-FUEL COMBUSTION", "ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 UPTAKE", "11. Sustainability", "SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Life Science", "GE1-350", "SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "ATMOSPHERIC CO2", "DIOXIDE EMISSIONS", "SDG 15 - Life on Land", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "LAND-COVER CHANGE", "QE1-996.5", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", "EARTH SYSTEM MODEL", "ddc:550", "VEGETATION MODEL", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "13. Climate action", "8. Economic growth", "General Earth and Planetary Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/66578/1/Published_manuscript.pdf"}, {"href": "http://oceanrep.geomar.de/42391/1/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://boris.unibe.ch/116576/1/lequere18essd.pdf"}, {"href": "http://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/15161/1/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://pure.iiasa.ac.at/id/eprint/15161/1/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/10/405/2018/essd-10-405-2018.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1912/10214"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20System%20Science%20Data", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1912/10214", "name": "item", "description": "1912/10214", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1912/10214"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-03-12T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.14243/417480", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-10-28", "title": "The MONARCH high-resolution reanalysis of desert dust aerosol over Northern Africa, the Middle East and Europe (2007\u20132016)", "description": "<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><article><p>Abstract. One of the challenges in studying desert dust aerosol along with its numerous interactions and impacts is the paucity of direct in-situ measurements, particularly in the areas most affected by dust storms. Satellites typically provide columnintegrated aerosol measurements, but observationally-constrained continuous 3D dust fields are needed to assess dust variability, climate effects and impacts upon a variety of socio-economic sectors. Here, we present a high resolution regional reanalysis data set of desert dust aerosols that covers Northern Africa, the Middle East and Europe along with the Mediterranean sea and parts of Central Asia, and the Atlantic and Indian Oceans between 2007 and 2016. The horizontal resolution is 0.1\u00b0 latitude\u2009\u00d7\u20090.1\u00b0 longitude, and the temporal resolution is 3 hours. The reanalysis was produced using Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF) data assimilation in the Multiscale Online Non-hydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model (MONARCH) developed at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC). The assimilated data are coarse-mode dust optical depth retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Deep Blue Level 2 products. The reanalysis data set consists of upper air (dust mass concentrations and extinction coefficient), surface (dust deposition and solar irradiance fields, among them) and total column (e.g., dust optical depth and load) variables. Some dust variables, such as concentrations and wet and dry deposition, are expressed for a binned size distribution that ranges from 0.2 to 20\u2009\u03bcm in particle diameter. Both analysis and first-guess (analysis-initialized simulation) fields are available for the variables that are diagnosed from the state vector. A set of ensemble statistics is archived for each output variable, namely the ensemble mean, standard deviation, maximum and median. The spatial and temporal distribution of the dust fields follows well-known dust cycle features controlled by seasonal changes in meteorology and vegetation cover. The analysis is statistically closer to the assimilated retrievals than the first-guess, which proves the consistency of the data assimilation method. Independent evaluation using AERONET dust-filtered optical depth retrievals indicates that the reanalysis data set is highly accurate (mean bias\u2009=\u2009\u22120.05, RMSE\u2009=\u20090.12, r\u2009=\u20090.81 when compared to retrievals from the spectral de-convolution algorithm on a 3-hourly basis). Verification statistics are broadly homogeneous in space and time with regional differences that can be partly attributed to model limitations (e.g., poor representation of small-scale emission processes), presence of aerosols other than dust in the observations used in the evaluation, and differences in the number of observations among seasons. Such a reliable high-resolution historical record of atmospheric desert dust will allow a better quantification of dust impacts upon key sectors of society and economy, including health, solar energy production and transportation. The reanalysis data set (Di Tomaso et al., 2021) is distributed via a Thematic Real-time Environmental Distributed Data Service (THREDDS) at BSC and freely available at http://hdl.handle.net/21.12146/c6d4a608-5de3-47f6-a004-67cb1d498d98.</p></article>", "keywords": ["Desert dust aerosol", "550", "Climate", "MINERAL-COMPOSITION", "Aerosols atmosf\u00e8rics", "01 natural sciences", "Dust emission", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "LETKF", "Local ensemble transform Kalman filter", "DATA ASSIMILATION", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Ci\u00e8ncies de la terra i de la vida::Climatologia i meteorologia", "Pols -- Control", "SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being", "MONARCH", "SAHARAN DUST", "SIZE DISTRIBUTION", "GE1-350", "Desert", "CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME", "Aerosol measurements", "Multiscale Online Nonhydrostatic AtmospheRe CHemistry model", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "QE1-996.5", "info:eu-repo/classification/ddc/550", ":Enginyeria agroaliment\u00e0ria::Ci\u00e8ncies de la terra i de la vida::Climatologia i meteorologia [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "ddc:550", "Geology", "1 MODEL DESCRIPTION", "OPTICAL-PROPERTIES", "MONARCH modeling system", "Atmospheric aerosols", "Environmental sciences", "Earth sciences", "PM10 CONCENTRATIONS", "900", "Dust aerosol", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "SINGLE-SCATTERING ALBEDO", "MEDITERRANEAN BASIN", "Dust control"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/417480/1/prod_471097-doc_191235.pdf"}, {"href": "https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/14/2785/2022/essd-14-2785-2022.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/20.500.14243/417480"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Earth%20System%20Science%20Data", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "20.500.14243/417480", "name": "item", "description": "20.500.14243/417480", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/20.500.14243/417480"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "2117/356038", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:26:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-23", "title": "Numerical integration of an elasto-plastic critical state model for soils under unsaturated conditions", "description": "Open AccessThis paper presents the complete set of incremental equations for the numerical integration of the Glasgow Coupled Model (GCM) and a comprehensive algorithm for its numerical integration. The incremental formulation proposed is expressed in terms of strain and suction increments (i.e. strain-driven) and defines an initial value problem (IVP) that can be solved once the initial state and the pair of increments of the driven variables are known. The numerical integration of this IVP is carried out by extending to unsaturated condition, the well-known explicit substepping formulation with automatic error control widely used for saturated soils. A notable feature of the substepping integration scheme presented is that it integrates simultaneously the model equations for both mechanical and water retention responses. Hence, the estimate of the local truncation error to automatically adjust the size of the integration step is not only affected by the local error in stresses and mechanical hardening parameter (as in a saturated soil model) but, additionally, by the local error incurred in the integration of the water retention relations (i.e. degree of saturation and water retention hardening parameter). The correctness of the integration scheme is then verified by comparison of computational outcomes against analytical/reference solutions.", "keywords": ["Soil mechanics", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geot\u00e8cnia::Mec\u00e0nica de s\u00f2ls", "Unsaturated soils", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "510", "Mec\u00e0nica dels s\u00f2ls", "518", "Substepping integration schemes", "Automatic error control", "0101 mathematics", ":Enginyeria civil::Geot\u00e8cnia::Mec\u00e0nica de s\u00f2ls [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "Strain-driver"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lloret Cabot, Marti, Wheeler, Simon J., Gens Sol\u00e9, Antonio, Sloan, Scott,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://dro.dur.ac.uk/33416/1/33416.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/2117/356038"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Computers%20and%20Geotechnics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "2117/356038", "name": "item", "description": "2117/356038", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2117/356038"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "3177373861", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-07-27T16:27:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-06-23", "title": "Numerical integration of an elasto-plastic critical state model for soils under unsaturated conditions", "description": "Open AccessThis paper presents the complete set of incremental equations for the numerical integration of the Glasgow Coupled Model (GCM) and a comprehensive algorithm for its numerical integration. The incremental formulation proposed is expressed in terms of strain and suction increments (i.e. strain-driven) and defines an initial value problem (IVP) that can be solved once the initial state and the pair of increments of the driven variables are known. The numerical integration of this IVP is carried out by extending to unsaturated condition, the well-known explicit substepping formulation with automatic error control widely used for saturated soils. A notable feature of the substepping integration scheme presented is that it integrates simultaneously the model equations for both mechanical and water retention responses. Hence, the estimate of the local truncation error to automatically adjust the size of the integration step is not only affected by the local error in stresses and mechanical hardening parameter (as in a saturated soil model) but, additionally, by the local error incurred in the integration of the water retention relations (i.e. degree of saturation and water retention hardening parameter). The correctness of the integration scheme is then verified by comparison of computational outcomes against analytical/reference solutions.", "keywords": ["Soil mechanics", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Geot\u00e8cnia::Mec\u00e0nica de s\u00f2ls", "Unsaturated soils", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "510", "Mec\u00e0nica dels s\u00f2ls", "518", "Substepping integration schemes", "Automatic error control", "0101 mathematics", ":Enginyeria civil::Geot\u00e8cnia::Mec\u00e0nica de s\u00f2ls [\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC]", "Strain-driver"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Lloret Cabot, Marti, Wheeler, Simon J., Gens Sol\u00e9, Antonio, Sloan, Scott,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://dro.dur.ac.uk/33416/1/33416.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/3177373861"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Computers%20and%20Geotechnics", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "3177373861", "name": "item", "description": "3177373861", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/3177373861"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "acaac5fa-5dfc-427d-bb95-409b96d77621", "type": "Feature", "geometry": {"type": "Polygon", "coordinates": [[[5.87, 47.27], [5.87, 55.06], [15.04, 55.06], [15.04, 47.27], [5.87, 47.27]]]}, "properties": {"themes": [{"concepts": [{"id": "farming"}], "scheme": "https://standards.iso.org/iso/19139/resources/gmxCodelists.xml#MD_TopicCategoryCode"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Soil"}], "scheme": "AGROVOC Multilingual agricultural thesaurus"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "opendata"}, {"id": "agri-environmental and climate schemes"}], "scheme": "Individual"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Boden"}], "scheme": "GEMET - INSPIRE themes, version 1.0"}, {"concepts": [{"id": "Germany"}, {"id": "Brandenburg"}, {"id": "Saxony"}, {"id": "Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg"}, {"id": "Potsdam-Mittelmark"}, {"id": "S\u00e4chsische Schweiz"}, {"id": "Osterzgebirge"}, {"id": "Breisgau"}, {"id": "Hochschwarzwald"}], "scheme": "individual"}], "license": "CC BY", "rights": "Restrictions applied to assure the protection of privacy or intellectual property, and any special restrictions or limitations or warnings on using the resource or metadata. Reports, articles, papers, scientific and non - scientific works of any form, including tables, maps, or any other kind of output, in printed or electronic form, based in whole or in part on the data supplied, must contain an acknowledgement of the form: \"Data reused from the BonaRes Data Centre www.bonares.de. This data were created as part of the ZALF Datenerfassung's research activities.\" Although every care has been taken in preparing and testing the data, the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre cannot guarantee that the data are correct; neither does the ZALF Datenerfassung and the BonaRes Data Centre accept any liability whatsoever for any error, missing data or omission in the data, or for any loss or damage arising from its use. The ZALF Datenerfassung and BonaRes Data Centre will not be responsible for any direct or indirect use which might be made of the data.", "updated": "2025-07-24", "type": "Dataset", "created": "2025-07-10", "language": "eng", "title": "Stronger Together?! A Social Network Perspective on Adapting Collective Agri-Environmental Schemes in Germany", "description": "Collective approaches to agri-environmental and climate schemes (cAECS) are being piloted across Germany as an alternative to conventional AECS. These approaches are explored under varying context conditions and differ in institutional design. This study assesses the viability of cAECS across different contexts by examining governance networks and analyzing different institutional designs. We integrate Social Network Analysis (SNA) with the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework and apply it to three early-implementation cAECS cases in Germany. Data was collected via the Net-Map method, on cases selected for their diverse biophysical conditions (ecosystems and farming systems), community attributes (farm sizes and social structures), and rules-in-use (funding sources and contract types). \nOur results show that contextual differences influenced the viability of cAECS by shaping governance networks and institutional designs. While local LCAs in coordinating roles, along with farmers and government actors at multiple levels, emerged as key players shaping each governance network, their interrelations and connections to additional actors are context dependent. Further, all cAECS cases relied on core collective elements shaping institutional design (a coordinating actor and spatial targeting), while additional context-specific elements were variably adopted, suggesting a core-periphery institutional structure. Context conditions and their influence on the adoption of collective elements affect the ecological, economic and social viability of cAECS. Despite these variations, interviewees generally recognized the potential benefits of cAECS, though the degree of perceived advantage differed across cases.\nThe detailed file selection of all three federal states can be found in the download (zip.file).", "formats": [{"name": "CSV"}], "keywords": ["Soil", "opendata", "agri-environmental and climate schemes", "Boden", "Germany", "Brandenburg", "Saxony", "Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg", "Potsdam-Mittelmark", "S\u00e4chsische Schweiz", "Osterzgebirge", "Breisgau", "Hochschwarzwald"], "contacts": [{"name": "Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research", "organization": "ZALF", "position": "Research Platform 'Data Analysis & Simulation' - Workgroup Research Data Management", "roles": ["publisher"], "phones": [{"value": "+49 33432 82 300"}], "emails": [{"value": "dataservice@zalf.de"}], "addresses": [{"deliveryPoint": ["Eberswalder Strasse 84"], "city": "M\u00fcncheberg", "administrativeArea": "Brandenburg", "postalCode": "15374", "country": 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