{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00868.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:18:47Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-02", "title": "Experimental Warming And Burn Severity Alter Soil Co2 Flux And Soil Functional Groups In A Recently Burned Boreal Forest", "description": "Abstract

Global warming is projected to be greatest in northern regions, where forest fires are also increasing in frequency. Thus, interactions between fire and temperature on soil respiration at high latitudes should be considered in determining feedbacks to climate. We tested the hypothesis that experimental warming will augment soil CO2 flux in a recently burned boreal forest by promoting microbial and root growth, but that this increase will be less apparent in more severely burned areas. We used open\uffe2\uff80\uff90top chambers to raise temperatures 0.4\uffe2\uff80\uff930.9\uffc2\uffb0C across two levels of burn severity in a fire scar in Alaskan black spruce forest. After 3 consecutive years of warming, soil respiration was measured through a portable gas exchange system. Abundance of active microbes was determined by using Biolog EcoPlates\uffe2\uff84\uffa2 for bacteria and ergosterol analysis for fungi. Elevated temperatures increased soil CO2 flux by 20% and reduced root biomass, but had no effect on bacterial or fungal abundance or soil organic matter (SOM) content. Soil respiration, fungal abundance, SOM, and root biomass decreased with increasing burn severity. There were no significant interactions between temperature and burn severity with respect to any measurement. Higher soil respiration rates in the warmed plots may be because of higher metabolic activity of microbes or roots. All together, we found that postfire soils are a greater source of CO2 to the atmosphere under elevated temperatures even in severely burned areas, suggesting that global warming may produce a positive feedback to atmospheric CO2, even in young boreal ecosystems.

", "keywords": ["warming", "carbon", "temperature", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "root", "01 natural sciences", "soil", "microbe", "storage", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "fungi", "bacteria", "respiration", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt8qh265s2/qt8qh265s2.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00868.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00868.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00868.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00868.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:18:49Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-08-28", "title": "The Legacy Of Harvest And Fire On Ecosystem Carbon Storage In A North Temperate Forest", "description": "Abstract

Forest harvesting and wildfire were widespread in the upper Great Lakes region of North America during the early 20th century. We examined how long this legacy of disturbance constrains forest carbon (C) storage rates by quantifying C pools and fluxes after harvest and fire in a mixed deciduous forest chronosequence in northern lower Michigan, USA. Study plots ranged in age from 6 to 68 years and were created following experimental clear\uffe2\uff80\uff90cut harvesting and fire disturbance. Annual C storage was estimated biometrically from measurements of wood, leaf, fine root, and woody debris mass, mass losses to herbivory, soil C content, and soil respiration. Maximum annual C storage in stands that were disturbed by harvest and fire twice was 26% less than a reference stand receiving the same disturbance only once. The mechanism for this reduction in annual C storage was a long\uffe2\uff80\uff90lasting decrease in site quality that endured over the 62\uffe2\uff80\uff90year timeframe examined. However, during regrowth the harvested and burned forest rapidly became a net C sink, storing 0.53\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921after 6 years. Maximum net ecosystem production (1.35\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) and annual C increment (0.95\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921) were recorded in the 24\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and 50\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old stands, respectively. Net primary production averaged 5.19\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in experimental stands, increasing by < 10% from 6 to 50 years. Soil heterotrophic respiration was more variable across stand ages, ranging from 3.85\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the 6\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old stand to 4.56\uffe2\uff80\uff83Mg\uffe2\uff80\uff83C\uffe2\uff80\uff83ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921\uffe2\uff80\uff83yr\uffe2\uff88\uff921in the 68\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90old stand. These results suggest that harvesting and fire disturbances broadly distributed across the region decades ago caused changes in site quality and successional status that continue to limit forest C storage rates.

", "keywords": ["disturbance", "570", "aspen", "net primary production", "net ecosystem production", "carbon storage", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "logging", "630", "succession", "northern hardwoods", "Biology", "fire", "legacy effects", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Katherine H. Harrold, Christoph S. Vogel, Peter S. Curtis, Christopher M. Gough, Kristen George,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Change%20Biology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2007.01406.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-07-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01380.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:18:55Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-09-15", "title": "Species-Specific Responses To Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide And Tropospheric Ozone Mediate Changes In Soil Carbon", "description": "Abstract

We repeatedly sampled the surface mineral soil (0\uffe2\uff80\uff9320\uffe2\uff80\uff83cm depth) in three northern temperate forest communities over an 11\uffe2\uff80\uff90year experimental fumigation to understand the effects of elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) and/or elevated phyto\uffe2\uff80\uff90toxic ozone (O3) on soil carbon (C). After 11\uffe2\uff80\uff83years, there was no significant main effect of CO2 or O3 on soil C. However, within the community containing only aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), elevated CO2 caused a significant decrease in soil C content. Together with the observations of increased litter inputs, this result strongly suggests accelerated decomposition under elevated CO2. In addition, an initial reduction in the formation of new (fumigation\uffe2\uff80\uff90derived) soil C by O3 under elevated CO2 proved to be only a temporary effect, mirroring trends in fine root biomass. Our results contradict predictions of increased soil C under elevated CO2 and decreased soil C under elevated O3 and should be considered in models simulating the effects of Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s altered atmosphere.

", "keywords": ["Decomposition", "Science", "Climate Change", "Aspen", "Ecology and Evolutionary Biology", "13 C", "Carbon Storage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Carbon Dioxide", "Models", " Theoretical", "15. Life on land", "Carbon", "Trees", "Soil", "Ozone", "Populus", "Long-term", "Species Specificity", "13. Climate action", "Northern Temperate Forests", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Global Change", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01380.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Ecology%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01380.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01380.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01380.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00305.x", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:18:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2003-10-02", "title": "The Effect Of Hedgerows On Soil Organic Carbon Storage In Hillslopes", "description": "

Abstract. The Bocage in the western part of Europe is an ancient rural landscape characterized by a network of hedgerows. The system studied here consists of hedges growing on earth and stone banks, which are found in the Armorican Massif (western France). Seven sites were analysed, which represented a large, but not complete, set of situations. We investigated the influence of hedges parallel to contour lines on soil characteristics, soil profile morphology and carbon storage at the hillslope scale. The analysis is based on a morphological description of the soil catena from the top of the hill to downslope of the hedge, and on measurements of bulk density and organic carbon in different soil profiles on the slopes. The results show that thickness of the organic horizon increases slowly from the top of the hill as far as the hedge, whereas under the hedge the bulk density is low and the soil organic carbon (SOC) storage large. Two effects of the hedges on SOC storage are apparent, namely, a local effect under the hedge, due to tree activity, and an anti\uffe2\uff80\uff90erosive effect at the hillslope scale. A rough approximation based on these data assessed the fraction of SOC storage attributed to the hedge network of between 13 and 38% of the total carbon stock.

", "keywords": ["statistical method", "organic carbon", "massif armoricain", "stockage", "\u00e9rosion", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "[SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "hedge", "densit\u00e9 en place", "15. Life on land", "TENEUR EN CARBONE DU SOL", "bocage", "horizon", "storage", "carbone organique", "soil organic matter", "armorican massif", "m\u00e9thode statistique", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "haie", "[SDV.SA.SDS] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study", "mati\u00e8re organique du sol"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00305.x"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00305.x", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00305.x", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00305.x"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2003-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/mec.15674", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:19:03Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-09", "title": "Effects of soil preservation for biodiversity monitoring using environmental DNA", "description": "Abstract

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is becoming a key tool for biodiversity monitoring over large geographical or taxonomic scales and for elusive taxa such as soil organisms. Increasing sample sizes and interest in remote or extreme areas often require the preservation of soil samples and thus deviations from optimal standardized protocols. However, we still ignore the impact of different methods of soil sample preservation on the results of metabarcoding studies and there is no guideline for best practices so far. Here, we assessed the impact of four methods of soil sample preservation that can be conveniently used also in metabarcoding studies targeting remote or difficult to access areas. Tested methods include: preservation at room temperature for 6\uffc2\uffa0hr, preservation at 4\uffc2\uffb0C for 3\uffc2\uffa0days, desiccation immediately after sampling and preservation for 21\uffc2\uffa0days, and desiccation after 6\uffc2\uffa0hr at room temperature and preservation for 21\uffc2\uffa0days. For each preservation method, we benchmarked resulting estimates of taxon diversity and community composition of three different taxonomic groups (bacteria, fungi and eukaryotes) in three different habitats (forest, river bank and grassland) against results obtained under ideal conditions (i.e., extraction of eDNA immediately after sampling). Overall, the different preservation methods only marginally impaired results and only under certain conditions. When rare taxa were considered, we detected small but significant changes in molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTU) richness of bacteria, fungi and eukaryotes across treatments, but MOTU richness was similar across preservation methods if rare taxa were not considered. All the approaches were able to identify differences in community structure among habitats, and the communities retrieved using the different preservation conditions were extremely similar. We propose guidelines on the selection of the optimal soil sample preservation conditions for metabarcoding studies, depending on the practical constraints, costs and ultimate research goals.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "570", "0303 health sciences", "[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Biodiversity", "Forests", "15. Life on land", "DNA", " Environmental", "Soil", "03 medical and health sciences", "eDNA metabarcoding; eukaryotes; microbial communities; MOTU richness; sample storage; \u03b1 and \u03b2 diversity", "13. Climate action", "DNA Barcoding", " Taxonomic", "Environmental Monitoring"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/791337/2/guerrieri%202020%20%20submitted.pdf"}, {"href": "https://air.unimi.it/bitstream/2434/791337/4/mec.15674.pdf"}, {"href": "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/mec.15674"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15674"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Molecular%20Ecology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/mec.15674", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/mec.15674", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/mec.15674"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1111/sum.12039", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:19:06Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-03-02", "title": "Long-Term No-Tillage Effects On Particulate And Mineral-Associated Soil Organic Matter Under Rainfed Mediterranean Conditions", "description": "Abstract

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays an essential role in the sustainability of natural and agricultural systems. The identification of sensitiveSOCfractions can be crucial for an understanding ofSOCdynamics and stabilization. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term no\uffe2\uff80\uff90tillage (NT) onSOCcontent and its distribution between particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral\uffe2\uff80\uff90associated organic matter (Min) fractions in five different cereal production areas of Aragon (north\uffe2\uff80\uff90east Spain). The study was conducted under on\uffe2\uff80\uff90farm conditions where pairs of adjacent fields underNTand conventional tillage (CT) were compared. An undisturbed soil nearby under native vegetation (NAT) was included. The results indicate thatSOCwas significantly affected by tillage in the first 5\uffc2\uffa0cm with the greatest concentrations found inNT(1.5\uffe2\uff80\uff9343% more than inCT). Below 40\uffc2\uffa0cm,SOCunderNTdecreased (20\uffe2\uff80\uff9340%) to values similar or less than those underCT. However, the stratification ratio (SR) never reached the threshold value of 2. ThePOM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C fraction, disproportionate to its small contribution to totalSOC(10\uffe2\uff80\uff9330%), was greatly affected by soil management. The pronounced stratification in this fraction (SR>2 inNT) and its usefulness for differentiating the study sites in terms of response toNTmakePOM\uffe2\uff80\uff90C a good indicator of changes in soil management under the study conditions. Results from this on\uffe2\uff80\uff90farm study indicate thatNTcan be recommended as an alternative strategy to increase organic carbon at the soil surface in the cereal production areas of Aragon and in other analogous areas.

", "keywords": ["soil organic carbon", "2. Zero hunger", "Carbon storage", "Soil management", "Land use", "tillage", "land use", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "soil management"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1111/sum.12039"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Soil%20Use%20and%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1111/sum.12039", "name": "item", "description": "10.1111/sum.12039", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1111/sum.12039"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1139/x92-146", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:19:15Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-12-18", "title": "Carbon Storage In Lake States Aspen Ecosystems", "description": "

Total ecosystem carbon in the soil and vegetation was measured for a range of aspen (Populustremuloides Michx.) ecosystems, including a chronosequence on the same soil ranging in age from 0 to 80 years. Soil carbon stayed relatively constant throughout the stand's life and was not affected by timber harvesting. Changes in ecosystem carbon closely paralleled the changes in standing biomass. Aspen grown on 40-year rotations on good soils will sequester several times as much carbon per year as old-growth forests.

", "keywords": ["Management Options", "0106 biological sciences", "Michigan", "Spermatophyta", "Angiosperms", "Broadleaves", "wisconsin", "aspen", "Minnesota", "01 natural sciences", "Dicots", "forest succession", "Spermatophytes", "Populus tremuloides", "Biomass", "Plantae", "Forest Sciences", "USA", "Vascular Plants", "Salicaceae: Dicotyledones", "carbon", "Rotation Length", "age of trees", "Forestry", "Carbon cycle", "plant succession", "Plants", "Timber Harvest", "forest ecosystem", "carbon storage", "15. Life on land", "Angiospermae", "Chronosequence Soil Carbon", "ecosystems"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Alban, David H., Perala, D.A.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1139/x92-146"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Forest%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1139/x92-146", "name": "item", "description": "10.1139/x92-146", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1139/x92-146"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1992-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:19:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-06-11", "title": "Land-Management Options for Greenhouse Gas Removal and Their Impacts on Ecosystem Services and the Sustainable Development Goals", "description": "

Land-management options for greenhouse gas removal (GGR) include afforestation or reforestation (AR), wetland restoration, soil carbon sequestration (SCS), biochar, terrestrial enhanced weathering (TEW), and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). We assess the opportunities and risks associated with these options through the lens of their potential impacts on ecosystem services (Nature's Contributions to People; NCPs) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We find that all land-based GGR options contribute positively to at least some NCPs and SDGs. Wetland restoration and SCS almost exclusively deliver positive impacts. A few GGR options, such as afforestation, BECCS, and biochar potentially impact negatively some NCPs and SDGs, particularly when implemented at scale, largely through competition for land. For those that present risks or are least understood, more research is required, and demonstration projects need to proceed with caution. For options that present low risks and provide cobenefits, implementation can proceed more rapidly following no-regrets principles.

", "keywords": ["330", "Sustainable Development Goals", "710", "SDG", "CDR", "01 natural sciences", "333", "nature's contributions to people", "12. Responsible consumption", "wetland restoration", "soil carbon sequestration", "negative emission technology", "afforestation/reforestation", "11. Sustainability", "BECCS", "NCPs", "biochar", "UN Sustainable Development Goals", "carbon dioxide removal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "bioenergy with carbon capture and storage", "greenhouse gas removal", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "SDG 15", "NET", "Nature's Contributions to People", "13. Climate action", "ecosystem services", "terrestrial enhanced weathering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annual%20Review%20of%20Environment%20and%20Resources", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129", "name": "item", "description": "10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1175/bams-d-19-0316.1", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:19:18Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-04-29", "title": "Closing the water cycle from observations across scales: Where do we stand?", "description": "ABSTRACT

Life on Earth vitally depends on the availability of water. Human pressure on freshwater resources is increasing, as is human exposure to weather-related extremes (droughts, storms, floods) caused by climate change. Understanding these changes is pivotal for developing mitigation and adaptation strategies. The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) defines a suite of essential climate variables (ECVs), many related to the water cycle, required to systematically monitor Earth\uffe2\uff80\uff99s climate system. Since long-term observations of these ECVs are derived from different observation techniques, platforms, instruments, and retrieval algorithms, they often lack the accuracy, completeness, and resolution, to consistently characterize water cycle variability at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Here, we review the capability of ground-based and remotely sensed observations of water cycle ECVs to consistently observe the hydrological cycle. We evaluate the relevant land, atmosphere, and ocean water storages and the fluxes between them, including anthropogenic water use. Particularly, we assess how well they close on multiple temporal and spatial scales. On this basis, we discuss gaps in observation systems and formulate guidelines for future water cycle observation strategies. We conclude that, while long-term water cycle monitoring has greatly advanced in the past, many observational gaps still need to be overcome to close the water budget and enable a comprehensive and consistent assessment across scales. Trends in water cycle components can only be observed with great uncertainty, mainly due to insufficient length and homogeneity. An advanced closure of the water cycle requires improved model\uffe2\uff80\uff93data synthesis capabilities, particularly at regional to local scales.

", "keywords": ["550", "Hydrologic cycle", "0207 environmental engineering", "[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/clean_water_and_sanitation; name=SDG 6 - Clean Water and Sanitation", "551", "01 natural sciences", "333", "Water masses", "[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "storage", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/climate_action; name=SDG 13 - Climate Action", "Water budget/balance", "Water budget", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "Surface fluxes", "/dk/atira/pure/sustainabledevelopmentgoals/life_below_water; name=SDG 14 - Life Below Water", "Water masses/storage", "balance", "Surface observations", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Satellite observations", "[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]", "13. Climate action", "[SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/98278/1/Dorigo-2021-Closing-the-water-cycle-from-observ.pdf"}, {"href": "https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/bams/102/10/BAMS-D-19-0316.1.xml"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0316.1"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Bulletin%20of%20the%20American%20Meteorological%20Society", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1175/bams-d-19-0316.1", "name": "item", "description": "10.1175/bams-d-19-0316.1", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1175/bams-d-19-0316.1"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0100-06831999000200025", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:19:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-10-08", "title": "Comportamento De Diferentes Sistemas De Manejo Como Fonte Ou Dep\u00f3sito De Carbono Em Rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00c0 Vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o De Cerrado", "description": "

Estudaram-se a distribui\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o, a acumula\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de carbono org\uffc3\uffa2nico (C) e o papel do solo como fonte ou dep\uffc3\uffb3sito de C-CO2 em perfis de Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro (LE) argiloso e muito argiloso. As avalia\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es foram realizadas nos campos experimentais da Embrapa Cerrados, Planaltina, Distrito Federal, em seis sistemas de manejo: vegeta\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o t\uffc3\uffadpica de cerrado (CE), reflorestamento de eucalipto (EU), pastagem cultivada (PA), preparo com grade pesada (GP), preparo com arado de discos (AD), plantio direto (PD), estabelecidos por mais de doze anos, na regi\uffc3\uffa3o dos Cerrados. O C foi analisado em amostras de solo coletadas no perfil at\uffc3\uffa9 \uffc3\uffa0 profundidade de 100 cm. O balan\uffc3\uffa7o de C dos outros sistemas em rela\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o ao CE foi utilizado para analisar o comportamento do solo como fonte ou dep\uffc3\uffb3sito de C-CO2. As altera\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es mais importantes na din\uffc3\uffa2mica do C, no que se refere a adi\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffb5es, perdas e distribui\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o, ocorreram nas camadas superficiais. Em rela\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o ao sistema natural (CE), verificou-se que a acumula\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o de C foi maior nos sistemas com menor intensidade de perturba\uffc3\uffa7\uffc3\uffa3o do solo (PD, PA e EU) e menor nos sistemas mais perturbados (AD e GP). Os solos sob PD, PA e EU funcionaram como dep\uffc3\uffb3sito e os solos sob GP e AD como fonte de CO2.

", "keywords": ["fonte ou dep\u00f3sito de C-CO2", "clayey Dark-Red Latosol", "organic carbon", "estoque de carbono", "Agriculture (General)", "sink or source of CO2", "Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro argiloso", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "carbon storage", "carbono org\u00e2nico", "savannas", "S1-972"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Corazza, E. J., Silva, J. E., Resck, D. V. S., Gomes, A. C.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-06831999000200025"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Revista%20Brasileira%20de%20Ci%C3%AAncia%20do%20Solo", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0100-06831999000200025", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0100-06831999000200025", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0100-06831999000200025"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1999-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1590/s0103-90162007000500009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:19:45Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-11-16", "description": "

We hypothesized that, because of the ability of trees to sequester carbon (C) in the deep soil profile and remove excess nutrients from soils, the silvopastoral agroforestry system could enhance the environmental quality of the agricultural lands. To test this hypothesis, two sets of experiments were conducted in two soil orders in Florida, Spodosols and Ultisols, with two major objectives: i) determining the soil C accumulation and tracing the plant sources of C in soil fractions, and ii) quantifying water soluble phosphorus (WSP) and estimating the Soil P Storage Capacity (SPSC). Total C in both soil orders was greater under silvopasture than in treeless pastures, particularly at lower depths. Stable-isotope signature analysis suggested that C3 plants (in this case, slash pine, Pinus elliotii) contributed to a more stable C fraction than C4 plants (in this case, bahiagrass, Paspalum notatum) at soil depths up to 1 m. WSP was consistently higher in treeless pastures, while the remaining SPSC was lower in this land-use system, suggesting the greater likelihood of P moving out of the soil under treeless pasture than in silvopasture. Thus, the presence of trees in pastures contributed to more stable C within the soil profiles, lower WSP, and greater SPSC, indicating more environmental benefits provided by silvopastoral systems as compared to treeless pastures under similar ecological settings.

", "keywords": ["nutrientes", "sequestro de carbono", "nutrients", "soil P storage capacity", "treeless pasture", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "capacidade de armazenamento de P no solo", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "pastagens sem \u00e1rvores", "carbon sequestration", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Nair, Vimala D., Haile, Solomon G., Michel, G\u00e9rard-Alain, Nair, P.K. Ramachandran,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162007000500009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Scientia%20Agricola", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1590/s0103-90162007000500009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1590/s0103-90162007000500009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1590/s0103-90162007000500009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.17180/ciag-2025-vol98-art06-gb", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:19:49Z", "type": "Report", "title": "Reducing the use of plant protection products and greenhouse gas emissions in arable farming systems in northern France (System-Eco+).", "description": "Crop protection and nitrogen fertilizers uses are the mainstays of large-scale cereal and industrial cropping systems in northern France. Biological and climatic effects call to design and evaluate cropping systems that cut the use of plant protection products by implementing counterbalancing agronomic levers aiming to maintain yields. An experimental set-up composed of 7 cropping systems located at the Estr\u00e9es-Mons agronomic station (France) was monitored from 2018 to 2024. The experiment combined decrease in the use of plant protection products while improving the greenhouse gas (GHG) balance by reducing synthetic fertilization. The introduction of cropping systems designed to reduce the use of pesticides made it possible to achieve treatment frequency index (TFI) reductions of 70 to 100% without significantly affecting yields and while ensuring weed control. This also resulted in a significant reduction in fungicide and herbicide residues in the soil. The levers used to reduce the use of plant protection products have a neutral effect on greenhouse gas emissions, or even a favourable effect when leguminous crops are introduced into the succession to provide soil cover and balance the nitrogen balance.", "keywords": ["[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "Greenhouse Gases", "Fertilization", "Nitrous Oxide", "Soil organic carbon storage", "0", "Weeds", "Weeds ; Pesticides ; Fertilization ; Nitrous Oxide ; Soil organic carbon storage ; Greenhouse Gases", "Pesticides", "FairCarboN"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.17180/ciag-2025-vol98-art06-gb"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.17180/ciag-2025-vol98-art06-gb", "name": "item", "description": "10.17180/ciag-2025-vol98-art06-gb", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.17180/ciag-2025-vol98-art06-gb"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/f5081952", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:20:54Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-08-07", "description": "

Tree-based intercropping (TBI) systems, consisting of a medium to fast-growing woody species planted in widely-spaced rows with crops cultivated between tree rows, are a potential sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). TBI systems contribute to farm income in the long-term by improving soil quality, as indicated by soil carbon (C) storage, generating profits from crop plus tree production and potentially through C credit trading. The objectives of the current study were: (1) to evaluate soil C and nitrogen (N) stocks in soil depth increments in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm layer between tree rows of nine-year old hybrid poplar-hay intercropping systems, to compare these to C and N stocks in adjacent agricultural systems; and (2) to determine how hay yield, litterfall and percent total light transmittance (PTLT) were related to soil C and N stocks between tree rows and in adjacent agricultural systems. The two TBI study sites (St. Edouard and St. Paulin) had a hay intercrop with alternating rows of hybrid poplar clones and hardwoods and included an adjacent agricultural system with no trees (i.e., the control plots). Soil C and N stocks were greater in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff935 cm depth increment of the TBI system within 1 m of the hardwood row, to the west of the poplar row, compared to the sampling point 1 m east of poplar at St. Edouard (p = 0.02). However, the agricultural system stored more soil C than the nine-year old TBI system in the 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm and 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm depth increments. Accumulation of soil C in the 20\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm depth increment could be due to tillage-induced burial of non-harvested crop residues at the bottom of the plow-pan. Soil C and N stocks were similar at all depth increments in TBI and agricultural systems at St. Paulin. Soil C and N stocks were not related to hay yield, litterfall and PTLT at St. Paulin, but hay yield and PTLT were significantly correlated (R = 0.87, p < 0.05, n = 21), with lower hay yield in proximity to trees in the TBI system and similar hay yields in the middle of alleys as in the agricultural system. Nine years of TBI practices did not produce significant gains in soil C and N stocks in the 0\uffe2\uff80\uff9330 cm layer, indicating that the total C budget, including C sequestered in trees and unharvested components (litterfall and roots), must be assessed to determine the long-term profitability of TBI systems in Canada.

", "keywords": ["tree-based intercropping; land management; soil carbon storage", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/5/8/1952/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/f5081952"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Forests", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/f5081952", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/f5081952", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/f5081952"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-08-07T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fevo.2021.714134", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:20:43Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-30", "title": "Intracellular Storage Reduces Stoichiometric Imbalances in Soil Microbial Biomass \u2013 A Theoretical Exploration", "description": "

Microbial intracellular storage is key to defining microbial resource use strategies and could contribute to carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. However, little attention has been devoted to the role of intracellular storage in soil processes, in particular from a theoretical perspective. Here we fill this gap by integrating intracellular storage dynamics into a microbially explicit soil C and nutrient cycling model. Two ecologically relevant modes of storage are considered: reserve storage, in which elements are routed to a storage compartment in proportion to their uptake rate, and surplus storage, in which elements in excess of microbial stoichiometric requirements are stored and limiting elements are remobilized from storage to fuel growth and microbial maintenance. Our aim is to explore with this model how these different storage modes affect the retention of C and nutrients in active microbial biomass under idealized conditions mimicking a substrate pulse experiment. As a case study, we describe C and phosphorus (P) dynamics using literature data to estimate model parameters. Both storage modes enhance the retention of elements in microbial biomass, but the surplus storage mode is more effective to selectively store or remobilize C and nutrients according to microbial needs. Enhancement of microbial growth by both storage modes is largest when the substrate C:nutrient ratio is high (causing nutrient limitation after substrate addition) and the amount of added substrate is large. Moreover, storage increases biomass nutrient retention and growth more effectively when resources are supplied in a few large pulses compared to several smaller pulses (mimicking a nearly constant supply), which suggests storage to be particularly relevant in highly dynamic soil microhabitats. Overall, our results indicate that storage dynamics are most important under conditions of strong stoichiometric imbalance and may be of high ecological relevance in soil environments experiencing large variations in C and nutrient supply.

", "keywords": ["0301 basic medicine", "2. Zero hunger", "ecological stoichiometry", "nutrient limitation", "0303 health sciences", "microbial model", "Ecology", "Evolution", "15. Life on land", "surplus accumulation", "6. Clean water", "reserve storage", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "international", "QH359-425", "Plan_S-Compliant_OA", "QH540-549.5"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.714134"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Ecology%20and%20Evolution", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fevo.2021.714134", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fevo.2021.714134", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fevo.2021.714134"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-09-30T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:20:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-04-04", "title": "Quantifying soil organic carbon after biochar application: how to avoid (the risk of) counting CDR twice?", "description": "

Pyrogenic carbon capture and storage (PyCCS), which comprises the production of biomass, its pyrolysis, and the non-oxidative use of the biochar to create carbon sinks, has been identified as a promising negative emission technology with co-benefits by improving soil properties. Using biochar as a soil additive becomes increasingly common as farmers seek methods for soil improvement and climate change adaptation. Concurrently, there is growing interest in quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) at the level of individual plots to remunerate farmers for their good agricultural practices and the resulting (temporary) carbon dioxide removal (CDR). However, methods currently applied in routine analysis quantify SOC, irrespective of its speciation or origin, and do not allow to distinguish biochar-C from SOC. As certification of PyCCS-derived CDR is already established using another quantification method (i.e., analysis of biochar-C content, tracking and registration of its application, and offsetting of carbon expenditures caused by the PyCCS process), the analysis of biochar-C as part of SOC may result in double counting of CDR. Hence, the objectives of this review are (1) to compare the physicochemical properties and the quantities of biochar and SOC fractions on a global and field/site-specific scale, (2) to evaluate the established methods of SOC and pyrogenic carbon (PyC) quantification with regard to their suitability in routine analysis, and (3) to assess whether double counting of SOC and biochar C-sinks can be avoided via analytical techniques. The methods that were found to have the potential to distinguish between non-pyrogenic and PyC in soil are either not fit for routine analysis or require calibration for different soil types, which is extremely laborious and yet to be established at a commercial scale. Moreover, the omnipresence of non-biochar PyC in soils (i.e., from forest fires or soot) that is indistinguishable from biochar-C is an additional challenge that can hardly be solved analytically. This review highlights the risks and limits of only result-based schemes for SOC certification relying on soil sampling and analysis. Carbon sink registers that unite the (spatial) data of biochar application and other forms of land-based CDR are suggested to track biochar applications and to effectively avoid double counting.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "pyrogenic carbon capture and storage", "pyrogenic carbonaceous material", "carbon sink certification", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "black carbon", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Environmental sciences", "monitoring", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "GE1-350", "carbon dioxide removal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Frontiers%20in%20Climate", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516", "name": "item", "description": "10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3389/fclim.2024.1343516"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2024-04-04T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3389/fclim.2024.1344524", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:20:42Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-07-29", "title": "Quantification of soil organic carbon: the challenge of biochar-induced spatial heterogeneity", "description": "Introduction

Soil organic carbon (SOC) content can vary significantly across a given plot. Therefore, a representative sampling is a prerequisite to obtain meaningful results from analysis and of utter importance when SOC quantification is used to quantify (temporary) carbon dioxide removal (CDR). However, certain management practices aiming to increase SOC further increase the level of heterogeneity and may challenge representative sampling schemes. This includes concentrated root-zone application of biochar, which immediately increases SOC with the input of biochar-C and may promote the local enrichment of non-biochar SOC over time.

Methods

Here, we used numerical modelling to quantify the number of single sampling points (soil cores) needed to achieve a representative sample of biochar-C and total SOC on a plot after application of biochar in rows, e.g., for growing vegetables, or in the circumference of trees in agroforestry systems.

Results

After row application of 5\uffe2\uff80\uff89t\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 biochar in soil with rather low SOC content (26\uffe2\uff80\uff89t\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921), 140 soil cores (per 0.25\uffe2\uff80\uff89ha plot) where necessary to achieve representative sampling of C-stocks (\uffc2\uffb15% error) in 90% of the repeated sampling simulation cases. Compared to realistic and cost-effective soil sampling scenarios in agronomic practice, we conclude that concentrated root zone application of biochar makes representative sampling for quantification of SOC in soils with low baseline C-stocks virtually impossible.

Discussion

This finding calls into question the soil-sampling and SOC-analysis-based (\uffe2\uff80\uff9cresult-based\uffe2\uff80\uff9d) monitoring of SOC as a (temporary) CDR when biochar might have been applied. Considering the rapid scaling of biochar production and use in agriculture, this is a considerable challenge for SOC certification. Instead, action-based incentives, rewarding farmers for carrying out specific practices, could be applied to promote carbon farming practices.Since agriculture directly contributes to global anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, integrating trees into agricultural landscapes through agroforestry systems is a viable adaptive strategy for climate change mitigation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the carbon (C) sequestration and financial benefits of C sequestration according to Quebec\uffe2\uff80\uff99s Cap-and-Trade System for Greenhouse Gas Emissions Allowances (C & T System) or the Syst\uffc3\uffa8me de plafonnement et d\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffc3\uffa9change de droits d\uffe2\uff80\uff99\uffc3\uffa9mission de gaz \uffc3\uffa0 effet de serre du Qu\uffc3\uffa9bec (SPEDE) program for two experimental 10-year-old tree-based intercropping (TBI) systems in southern Quebec, Canada. We estimated total C stored in the two TBI systems with hybrid poplar and hardwoods and adjacent non-TBI systems under agricultural production, considering soil, crop and crop roots, litterfall, tree and tree roots as C stocks. The C sequestration of the TBI and adjacent non-TBI systems were compared and the market value of the C payment was evaluated using the net present value (NPV) approach. The TBI systems had 33% to 36% more C storage than adjacent non-TBI systems. The financial benefits of C sequestration after 10 years of TBI practices amounted to of $2,259\uffe2\uff80\uff93$2,758 CAD ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 and $1,568\uffe2\uff80\uff93$1,913 CAD ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921 for St. Edouard and St. Paulin sites, respectively. We conclude that valorizing the C sequestration of TBI systems could be an incentive to promote the establishment of TBI for the purpose of GHG mitigation in Quebec, Canada.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "cap-and-trade system", "330", "hybrid poplar", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "12. Responsible consumption", "carbon budget", "temperate agroforestry", "hybrid poplar; temperate agroforestry; cap-and-trade system; soil carbon storage; carbon budget", "13. Climate action", "soil carbon storage", "Meteorology. Climatology", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "QC851-999"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/7/2/17/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos7020017"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Atmosphere", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/atmos7020017", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/atmos7020017", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/atmos7020017"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-01-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/en13092355", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:20:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-08", "title": "Storage of Fine Woodchips from a Medium Rotation Coppice Eucalyptus Plantation in Central Italy", "description": "

Eucalyptus spp. has received attention from the research and industrial field as a biomass crop because of its fast growth and high productivity. The features of this species match with the increasing demand for wood for energy production. Commonly, the wood used for energy production is converted in chips, a material susceptible to microbial degradation and energy losses if not properly stored before conversion. This study aims at investigating two outdoor storage systems of Eucalyptus wood chips (covered vs. uncovered), assessing the variation in moisture content, dry matter losses and fuel characteristics. The class size of the material was P16, which was obtained using a commercial chipper appositely searched to conduct the study. The results highlighted how the different storage methods were influenced by the climatic condition: the woody biomass covered showed the best performances in terms of dry matter losses achieving 2.7% losses vs. the 8.5% of the uncovered systems. However, fuel characteristics displayed minor changes that affected the final energy balance (\uffe2\uff88\uff86En = \uffe2\uff88\uff920.2% in covered; \uffe2\uff88\uff86En = \uffe2\uff88\uff926.17% in uncovered). Particle size varied in both methods with respect to the start conditions, but the variation was not enough to determine a class change, which remained P16 even after storage.

", "keywords": ["Moisture content", "Eucalyptus", "Technology", "ash content", "T", "eucalyptus; woody biomass; storage of fine wood chips; moisture content; calorific value; ash content; dry matter loss", "Ash content", "02 engineering and technology", "Calorific value", "15. Life on land", "Ash content; Calorific value; Dry matter loss; Eucalyptus; Moisture content; Storage of fine wood chips; Woody biomass", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "storage of fine wood chips", "eucalyptus", "Dry matter loss", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "calorific value", "Storage of fine wood chips", "woody biomass", "Woody biomass", "moisture content", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/9/2355/pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/440759/1/Energies-v2_2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/9/2355/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/en13092355"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Energies", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/en13092355", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/en13092355", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/en13092355"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-05-08T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/en13112915", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:20:53Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-09", "title": "Medium Rotation Eucalyptus Plant: A Comparison of Storage Systems", "description": "

Eucalyptus spp. are among the most suitable species for biomass production, even for the firewood derived from medium-rotation coppice (MRC). The general problem of wood is that it cannot be utilized immediately because of the high moisture content, which in the combustion process would reduce remarkably the yield of energy. In this context, outdoor storage of whole stems without branches (WS), outdoor storage of whole stems with branches (WSB), open shed storage of firewood logs in mesh bags (OSF), and outdoor firewood logs in mesh bags (ODF) of Eucalyptus spp woody biomass were compared in term of moisture and dry matter loss to evaluate the most convenient form of storing biomass deriving from a medium-rotation coppice. During the storage period, ODF showed higher moisture values than OSF, WSB, and WS, underlining that moisture reduction is related to local climatic conditions, pile size and permeability (compaction). However, at the end of the storage period, the four options reached a similar moisture to the commercial one of fuel wood (around 15%). WSB showed the highest loss of dry matter (18%), which can be ascribed to the drying and falling process of the leaves. In conclusion, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the biomass were similar after the different storage systems, producing firewood suitable for new market opportunities.

", "keywords": ["Eucalyptus", "Technology", "firewood logs", "T", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "Eucalyptus; tree whole stem; firewood logs; storage system; moisture content; dry matter loss", "tree whole stem", "Eucalyptus", "Dry matter loss; Eucalyptus; Firewood logs; Moisture content; Storage System; Tree whole stem", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "storage system", "dry matter loss", "moisture content"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/11/2915/pdf"}, {"href": "https://iris.cnr.it/bitstream/20.500.14243/440761/2/Energies-2020.pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/11/2915/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/en13112915"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Energies", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/en13112915", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/en13112915", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/en13112915"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-06-06T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.3390/horticulturae8040307", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:20:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-04-05", "title": "Root-Zone Amendments of Biochar-Based Fertilizers: Yield Increases of White Cabbage in Temperate Climate", "description": "

The use of biochar is an important tool to improve soil fertility, reduce the negative environmental impacts of agriculture, and build up terrestrial carbon sinks. However, crop yield increases by biochar amendment were not shown consistently for fertile soils under temperate climate. Recent studies show that biochar is more likely to increase crop yields when applied in combination with nutrients to prepare biochar-based fertilizers. Here, we focused on the root-zone amendment of biochar combined with mineral fertilizers in a greenhouse trial with white cabbage (Brassica oleracea convar. Capitata var. Alba) cultivated in a nutrient-rich silt loam soil originating from the temperate climate zone (Bavaria, Germany). Biochar was applied at a low dosage (1.3 t ha\uffe2\uff88\uff921). The biochar was placed either as a concentrated hotspot below the seedling or it was mixed into the soil in the root zone representing a mixture of biochar and soil in the planting basin. The nitrogen fertilizer (ammonium nitrate or urea) was either applied on the soil surface or loaded onto the biochar representing a nitrogen-enhanced biochar. On average, a 12% yield increase in dry cabbage heads was achieved with biochar plus fertilizer compared to the fertilized control without biochar. Most consistent positive yield responses were observed with a hotspot root-zone application of nitrogen-enhanced biochar, showing a maximum 21% dry cabbage-head yield increase. Belowground biomass and root-architecture suggested a decrease in the fine root content in these treatments compared to treatments without biochar and with soil-mixed biochar. We conclude that the hotspot amendment of a nitrogen-enhanced biochar in the root zone can optimize the growth of white cabbage by providing a nutrient depot in close proximity to the plant, enabling efficient nutrient supply. The amendment of low doses in the root zone of annual crops could become an economically interesting application option for biochar in the temperate climate zone.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "pyrogenic carbon capture and storage", "Plant culture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "root architecture", "15. Life on land", "PyCCS", "630", "PyCCS; pyrogenic carbon capture and storage; nitrogen fertilizer; root architecture; Shovelomics", "6. Clean water", "SB1-1110", "Shovelomics", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "nitrogen fertilizer"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/4/307/pdf"}, {"href": "https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/8/4/307/pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8040307"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Horticulturae", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.3390/horticulturae8040307", "name": "item", "description": "10.3390/horticulturae8040307", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.3390/horticulturae8040307"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-04-05T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.4141/cjss95-075", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:21:19Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2011-04-24", "title": "Calculation Of Organic Matter And Nutrients Stored In Soils Under Contrasting Management Regimes", "description": "

Assessments of management-induced changes in soil organic matter depend on the methods used to calculate the quantities of organic C and N stored in soils. Chemical analyses in the laboratory indicate the concentrations of elements in soils, but the thickness and bulk density of the soil layers in the field must be considered to estimate the quantities of elements per unit area. Conventional methods that calculate organic matter storage as the product of concentration, bulk density and thickness do not fully account for variations in soil mass. Comparisons between the quantities of organic C, N, P and S in Gray Luvisol soils under native aspen forest and various cropping systems were hampered by differences in the mass of soil under consideration. The influence of these differences was eliminated by calculating the masses of C, N, P and S in an 'equivalent soil mass' (i.e. the mass of soil in a standard or reference surface layer). Reassessment of previously published data also indicated that estimates of organic matter storage depended on soil mass. Appraisals of organic matter depletion or accumulation usually were different for comparisons among element masses in an equivalent soil mass than for comparisons among element masses in genetic horizons or in fixed sampling depths. Unless soil erosion or deposition had altered the mass of topsoil per unit area, comparisons among unequal soil masses were unjustified and erroneous. For management-induced changes in soil organic matter and nutrient storage to be assessed reliably, the masses of soil being compared must be equivalent. Key words: Soil carbon, soil nitrogen, soil phosphorus, soil sulfur, carbon cycle, carbon storage, bulk density effects, Gray Luvisol, soil erosion

", "keywords": ["Gray Luvisol", "soil sulfur", "soil erosion", "soil nitrogen", "soil phosphorus", "carbon cycle", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "carbon storage", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "bulk density effects", "Forest Sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.4141/cjss95-075"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Canadian%20Journal%20of%20Soil%20Science", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.4141/cjss95-075", "name": "item", "description": "10.4141/cjss95-075", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.4141/cjss95-075"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "1995-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.48550/arxiv.1808.10328", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:21:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-09-05", "title": "Asymptotically Optimal Codes Correcting Fixed-Length Duplication Errors in DNA Storage Systems", "description": "Open AccessTo appear in IEEE Communications Letters", "keywords": ["FOS: Computer and information sciences", "Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)", "bounds on codes", "DNA storage", "Computer Science - Information Theory", "Information Theory (cs.IT)", "synchronization error", "repetition error", "sticky insertion", "0102 computer and information sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "01 natural sciences", "tandem duplication", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "94B20", " 94B25", " 94B50", " 94B65", " 68P20", " 68P30", " 68R05", "Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1808.10328"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/IEEE%20Communications%20Letters", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.48550/arxiv.1808.10328", "name": "item", "description": "10.48550/arxiv.1808.10328", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.48550/arxiv.1808.10328"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.48550/arxiv.1902.00230", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:21:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-09-26", "title": "Some Enumeration Problems in the Duplication-Loss Model of Genome Rearrangement", "description": "Open AccessTandem-duplication-random-loss (TDRL) is an important genome rearrangement operation studied in evolutionary biology. This paper investigates some of the formal properties of TDRL operations on the symmetric group (the space of permutations over an $ n $-set). In particular, the cardinality of `balls' of radius one in the TDRL metric, as well as the cardinality of the maximum intersection of two such balls, are determined. The corresponding problems for the so-called mirror (or palindromic) TDRL rearrangement operations are also solved. The results represent an initial step in the study of error correction and reconstruction problems in this context and are of potential interest in DNA-based data storage applications.", "keywords": ["genome rearrangement", "sequence reconstruction", "Genomics (q-bio.GN)", "FOS: Computer and information sciences", "Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM)", "DNA storage", "Computer Science - Information Theory", "Information Theory (cs.IT)", "0102 computer and information sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "permutation", "Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods", "01 natural sciences", "05A05", " 68R05", " 92B99", " 92D20", " 94B25", "error-correcting code", "FOS: Biological sciences", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "Tandem-duplication-random-loss", "Quantitative Biology - Genomics", "Quantitative Methods (q-bio.QM)", "Computer Science - Discrete Mathematics"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kova\u010devi\u0107, Mladen, Brdar, Sanja, Crnojevi\u0107, Vladimir,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1902.00230"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2019%20IEEE%20International%20Symposium%20on%20Information%20Theory%20%28ISIT%29", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.48550/arxiv.1902.00230", "name": "item", "description": "10.48550/arxiv.1902.00230", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.48550/arxiv.1902.00230"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.79cnp5htw", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:21:26Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: A tipping-point in carbon storage when forest expands into tundra is related to mycorrhizal recycling of nitrogen", "description": "unspecifiedTundra ecosystems are global belowground sinks for atmospheric CO2. Ongoing warming-induced encroachment by shrubs and trees risks turning this sink into a CO2 source, resulting in a positive feedback on climate warming. To advance mechanistic understanding of how shifts in mycorrhizal types affect long-term carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) stocks, we studied small-scale soil depth profiles of fungal communities and C-N dynamics across a subarctic-alpine forest-heath vegetation gradient. Belowground organic stocks decreased abruptly at the transition from heath to forest, linked to the presence of certain tree-associateds ectomycorrhizal fungi that contribute to decomposition when mining N from organic matter. In contrast, ericoid mycorrhizal plants and fungi were associated with organic matter accumulation and slow decomposition. If climatic controls on arctic-alpine forest lines are relaxed, increased decomposition will likely outbalance increased plant productivity, decreasing the overall C sink capacity of displaced tundra.", "keywords": ["C-N dynamics", "ectomycorrhizal exploration type", "functional genes", "ergosterol", "ITS2 meta-barcoding", "Fungal community", "Arctic greening", "Climate feedback", "15. Life on land", "litter saprotrophs", "mycorrhizal type", "litter bags", "13. Climate action", "soil solution", "FOS: Biological sciences", "soil carbon storage", "quantitative PCR", "soil profiles", "Ectomycorrhizal fungal community", "Ericoid Mycorrhiza", "treeline ecotone"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Clemmensen, Karina E, Durling, Mikael B, Michelsen, Anders, Hallin, Sara, Finlay, Roger D, Lindahl, Bj\u00f6rn D,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.79cnp5htw"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.79cnp5htw", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.79cnp5htw", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.79cnp5htw"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-28T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.m63xsj45g", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:21:31Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Plant litter chemistry controls coarse-textured soil carbon dynamics", "description": "unspecifiedThe data are archieved as a .csv text file.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Decomposition", "Ecosystem function and services", "plant litter", "13. Climate action", "soil organic matter", "soil carbon storage", "Carbon cycle", "FOS: Earth and related environmental sciences", "15. Life on land", "Priming effect"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Huys, Raoul, Poirier, Vincent, Bourget, Malo, Roumet, Catherine, Hattenschwiler, Stephan, Fromin, Nathalie, Munson, Alison, Freschet, Gr\u00e9goire,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.m63xsj45g"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.m63xsj45g", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.m63xsj45g", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.m63xsj45g"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-09-15T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5061/dryad.ns92q", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:21:32Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data from: Soil carbon response to woody plant encroachment: Importance of spatial heterogeneity and deep soil storage", "description": "unspecified1. Recent global trends of increasing woody plant abundance in grass-dominated ecosystems may substantially enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and could represent a strong carbon (C) sink in the terrestrial environment. However, few studies have quantitatively addressed the influence of spatial heterogeneity of vegetation and soil properties on SOC storage at the landscape scale. In addition, most studies assessing SOC response to woody encroachment consider only surface soils, and have not explicitly assessed the extent to which deeper portions of the soil profile may be sequestering C. 2. We quantified the direction, magnitude, and pattern of spatial heterogeneity of SOC in the upper 1.2 m of the profile following woody encroachment via spatially-specific intensive soil sampling across a landscape in a subtropical savanna in the Rio Grande Plains, USA, that has undergone woody proliferation during the past century. 3. Increased SOC accumulation following woody encroachment was observed to considerable depth, albeit at reduced magnitudes in deeper portions of the profile. Overall, woody clusters and groves accumulated 12.87 and 18.67 Mg C ha-1 more SOC compared to grasslands to a depth of 1.2 m. 4. Woody encroachment significantly altered the pattern of spatial heterogeneity of SOC to a depth of 5 cm, with marginal effect at 5-15 cm, and no significant impact on soils below 15 cm. Fine root density explained greater variability of SOC in the upper 15 cm, while a combination of fine root density and soil clay content accounted for more of the variation in SOC in soils below 15 cm across this landscape. 5. Synthesis: Substantial SOC sequestration can occur in deeper portions of the soil profile following woody encroachment. Furthermore, vegetation patterns and soil properties influenced the spatial heterogeneity and uncertainty of SOC in this landscape, highlighting the need for spatially specific sampling that can characterize this variability and enable scaling and modeling. Given the geographic extent of woody encroachment on a global scale, this undocumented deep soil C sequestration suggests this vegetation change may play a more significant role in regional and global C sequestration than previously thought.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "deep soil carbon", "13. Climate action", "\u03b413C value", "landscape scale", "woody plant encroachment", "15. Life on land", "pattern of spatial heterogeneity", "SOC storage", "subtropical savanna"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhou, Yong, Boutton, Thomas W., Wu, X. Ben,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ns92q"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5061/dryad.ns92q", "name": "item", "description": "10.5061/dryad.ns92q", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5061/dryad.ns92q"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-03-10T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5071/29theubce2021-1bv.3.16", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:21:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "EUCALYPTUS STORAGE PERFORMANCE AFTER DEBRANCHING.", "description": "Open AccessShort and medium rotation coppice (SRC and MRC) have been identified as an interesting solid biomass resource at global level. The production of large amount of biomass in limited time is no longer complicated thanks to modern machine technology, but the concentrated availability of wood fuel often does not go in line with the demand for energy in cases where this demand is high and steady all along the year. This lack of alinement implies the need to find storage solutions to buffer fluctuations in supply and demand. The goal of this study was to understand the storage performance of 5 years old Eucalyptus whole trees, with and without branches, obtained from an MRC plantation located in central Italy (42\u00b010\u201919\u2019\u2019N latitude, 12\u00b062\u201966\u2019\u2019E longitude). Fuel quality parameters were evaluated periodically during a 8 months period from March to September 2018, being the first attempt to store Eucalyptus in this area.", "keywords": ["eucalyptus; storage; fuel quality; dry matter; debranching; biomass supply", "Biomass supply; Debranching; Dry matter; Eucalyptus; Fuel quality; Storage", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "Biomass", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "01 natural sciences", "eucalyptus", " storage", " fuel quality", " dry matter", " debranching", " biomass supply", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pari L, Bergonzoli S, Rezaei N, Catera P, Scarfone A, Suardi A, Alfano V, Palmieri N, Stefanoni W, Mattei P.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5071/29theubce2021-1bv.3.16"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/European%20Biomass%20Conference%20and%20Exhibition%20Proceedings", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5071/29theubce2021-1bv.3.16", "name": "item", "description": "10.5071/29theubce2021-1bv.3.16", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5071/29theubce2021-1bv.3.16"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5071/29theubce2021-1cv.10.20", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:21:36Z", "type": "Journal Article", "title": "Assessment of Comminuted Biomass Behaviour during Arundo Donax Storage", "description": "Open AccessDedicated energy crops can play a key role in providing substantial amounts of lignocellulosic feedstocks equired for the second-generation biofuel production chain as well as heat and electricity production (JRC EC, 2011). Giant reed (Arundo donax L.) has already been recognized as a high yielding, stress tolerant crop suited to marginal lands and low-input cultivation, which could be encompassed in land-saving and environmentally sound bioenergy supply chains. For instance, giant reed has been proposed for bioethanol, biogas, and thermochemical conversion. Although considered for bioenergy throughout the world, this crop has received particular attention in the Mediterranean, where promising yields have been achieved in mid- and long-term field trials.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Arundo donax; Biomass; Chip storage", "0211 other engineering and technologies", "0202 electrical engineering", " electronic engineering", " information engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "Biomass", "15. Life on land", "7. Clean energy", "biomass; arundo donax; chip storage", "biomass", " arundo donax", " chip storage"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Pari L, Bergonzoli S, Cetera P, Suardi A, Alfano V, Palmieri N, Stefanoni W, Mattei P,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5071/29theubce2021-1cv.10.20"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Proceedings%20of%20the%2029th%20European%20Biomass%20Conference%20and%20Exhibition", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5071/29theubce2021-1cv.10.20", "name": "item", "description": "10.5071/29theubce2021-1cv.10.20", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5071/29theubce2021-1cv.10.20"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.10203450", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:21:55Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Quantification of soil organic carbon: the challenge of biochar-induced spatial heterogeneity", "description": "R-script and output from model on spatially discrete biochar application and its influence on representative SOC sampling. An additional document to explain the data curation is also available ('Comment on Data curation').", "keywords": ["modelling", "pyrogenic carbon capture and storage", "representative sampling", "biochar carbon removal", "15. Life on land", "root-zone application", "agroforestry"], "contacts": [{"organization": "ITHAKA", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10203450"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.10203450", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.10203450", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.10203450"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.14917866", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:22:42Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Data for the manuscript 'Smart mixture design can steer the fate of root derived carbon into mineral-associated and particulate organic matter in intensively managed grasslands'", "description": "To determine the fate of root-derived carbon (C) input from grassland mixtures into distinct soil organic carbon pools \u2014 particulate organic matter (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) \u2014 a field trial was established, comparing pure stands of perennial ryegrass under high and low nitrogen (N) fertilizer application rates with grassland mixtures containing legumes and forbs at increasing levels of species richness. The mixtures received the low N application rate. Through multiple-pulse \u00b9\u00b3C-CO\u2082 labeling during the first growing season (2022), we captured the net formation of MAOC and POC. At the end of the growing season, soil cores with a diameter of 30 cm were excavated to a depth of 25 cm (topsoil) and transferred to the lab. We removed roots from the soil and performed particle-size fractionation to trace fresh organic carbon (net rhizodeposited C) into particulate organic matter (POM) and mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM).\u00a0Using a cut-off of 50 \u03bcm, particles larger than 50 \u03bcm were classified as POM, while those smaller than 50 \u03bcm were classified as MAOM. We related these soil C fractions to five morphological root traits, as well as to the lignocellulose index and the C:N ratio in root biomass.", "keywords": ["13C isotopic labelling", "Soil carbon fractionation", "Soil carbon storage", "Root traits", "Plant Functional groups", "Legumes", "Forbs"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14917866"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.14917866", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.14917866", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.14917866"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-02-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.15019338", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:22:45Z", "type": "Other", "title": "Soil sampling, pre-treatment, storage and shipment procedure for soil health monitoring", "description": "Soil sampling, pre-treatment, storage and shipment procedure for soil health monitoring used in BIOservicES project, agreed under a paticipatory approach with international projects, organisations and initiatives. Soil sampling strategy defined to collect, store and ship soil to assess different types of soil properties: i) physicochemical, related to soil fertility, carbon sequestration, pollution; ii) soil structure, by measures of soil aggregate stability, porosity and bulk density; iii) soil microorganisms; iv) microfauna; v) mesofauna; and vi) macrofauna.", "keywords": ["Fauna", "soil shipment", "soil health", "Microbiota", "soil sampling", "Methods", "soil storage", "Analysis", "biodiversity"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Cartagena, University of Vigo, LGI Sustainable Innovation, Instituut voor Landbouw en Visserijonderzoek, Johann Heinrich von Th\u00fcnen-Institut, Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria, Zabala Innovation Consulting (Spain), CMCC Foundation - Euro-Mediterranean Center on Climate Change, CSIC, Central Organisation, Frauenklinik der Technischen Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, Wageningen University & Research, Latvian State Forest Research Institute 'Silava ', Universit\u00e0 degli Studi della Tuscia, JUNE COMMUNICATIONS SRL, SOLUCIONES AGRICOLAS CULTIVATE, FUNDACION JUANA DE VEGA, FLACHENAGENTUR RHEINLAND GMBH, SIA RIGAS MEZI, Forschungsinstitut f\u00fcr Biologischen Landbau, Scotland's Rural College, University of Sussex, Northern Arizona University,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15019338"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.15019338", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.15019338", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.15019338"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-03-13T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.4281012", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:23:13Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Roots Carbon Dynamics in Temperate forest roots, Thuringia, Germany", "description": "Open AccessThese files contain radiocarbon, d13C, NSC concentrations, and CO2 efflux rates measured for aspen (Populus tremula hybrids) roots collected during 2018 growing season in the Gro\u00dfer Hermannsberg Mountain, Germany (50\u00b042\u201950\u2019\u2019 N, 10\u00b036\u201913\u2019\u2019 E, 616 m a.s.l). Coarse (> 2 mm) and fine (2 \u2264 mm) roots collected from three 'treatments': before stem girdling (Pre-girdling), ~3 months after girdling (Girdling) and ~3 months after girdling but in un-girdled trees (Control). The files with the relevant results: '13C', '14C', 'CO2_efflux', 'NSC'. Few roots from the 'Pre-girdling' treatment were incubated for respiration measurements 7 d after harvest. The files with the relevant results: 'Repeated_incubations_isotopes', 'Repeated_incubations_fluxes'. Results of incubations used for Q10 calculations presented in the file 'CO2_efflux_Q10'. Temperature and rainfall in the site during 2018 growing season are presented in the file 'Field_temperature_rainfall'. Results used to reconstruct local atmospheric D14C-CO2 record are presented in the file 'Local_atmospheric_CO2_D14C'. The file 'Metadata' contains information about the headers in the other files.", "keywords": ["tree roots", "d13C", "15. Life on land", "storage dynamics", "nonstructural carbohydrates", "radiocarbon (14C)", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4281012"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4281012", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4281012", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4281012"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.5281/zenodo.4281013", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:23:13Z", "type": "Dataset", "title": "Roots Carbon Dynamics in Temperate forest roots, Thuringia, Germany", "description": "Open AccessThese files contain radiocarbon, d13C, NSC concentrations, and CO2 efflux rates measured for aspen (Populus tremula hybrids) roots collected during 2018 growing season in the Gro\u00dfer Hermannsberg Mountain, Germany (50\u00b042\u201950\u2019\u2019 N, 10\u00b036\u201913\u2019\u2019 E, 616 m a.s.l). Coarse (> 2 mm) and fine (2 \u2264 mm) roots collected from three 'treatments': before stem girdling (Pre-girdling), ~3 months after girdling (Girdling) and ~3 months after girdling but in un-girdled trees (Control). The files with the relevant results: '13C', '14C', 'CO2_efflux', 'NSC'. Few roots from the 'Pre-girdling' treatment were incubated for respiration measurements 7 d after harvest. The files with the relevant results: 'Repeated_incubations_isotopes', 'Repeated_incubations_fluxes'. Results of incubations used for Q10 calculations presented in the file 'CO2_efflux_Q10'. Temperature and rainfall in the site during 2018 growing season are presented in the file 'Field_temperature_rainfall'. Results used to reconstruct local atmospheric D14C-CO2 record are presented in the file 'Local_atmospheric_CO2_D14C'. The file 'Metadata' contains information about the headers in the other files.", "keywords": ["tree roots", "d13C", "15. Life on land", "storage dynamics", "nonstructural carbohydrates", "radiocarbon (14C)", "respiration"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4281013"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.4281013", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.4281013", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.4281013"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-24T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "11585/1016867", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:24:51Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2024-12-03", "title": "Soil bacterial neutral lipid fatty acids: Markers for carbon storage or necromass?", "description": "Abstract

Carbon storage is a common strategy of soil microbes to cope with resource fluctuations. Fungi use neutral lipids (triacylglycerols, TAGs) for storage, which can be quantified via their derived fatty acids (NLFAs). NLFAs specific to bacteria can also be abundant in soils, but are rarely analysed as soil bacteria are assumed to not store TAGs. Instead, bacterial NLFAs are thought to derive from degraded phospholipids (diacylglycerols, DAGs), and thus indicate bacterial necromass, but this interpretation lacks evidence. In this perspective, we synthesise knowledge from the literature and our own experimental results on the origin of soil bacterial NLFAs. In sum, we provide evidence that bacterial NLFAs are predominantly derived from TAGs used for carbon storage: (1) Several pure culture studies provide evidence for TAG production in selected bacterial isolates. (2) Screening of genomes showed that wax ester synthase/diacylglycerol acyltransferases, which mediate the last step of TAG synthesis, are abundant in bacterial isolates from soil, suggesting a widespread genetic capability to produce TAGs. (3) We experimentally created conditions of excess labile carbon by adding isotopically labelled glucose to soil. Glucose-13C was rapidly allocated into bacterial NLFAs, with higher relative enrichment than phospholipid-derived fatty acids, indicating storage. (4) DAGs are not necessarily produced\uffe2\uff80\uff94and may only be intermediate compounds\uffe2\uff80\uff94during phospholipid degradation. We conclude that soil bacterial NLFAs are mainly derived from storage compounds, but a potential contribution from degraded phospholipids needs further validation. Isotopic labelling could resolve this, making NLFAs a valuable biomarker for microbial storage compounds in soil.

Highlights

Bacterial NLFAs originate from triacylglycerols (TAGs) or degraded phospholipids

Neutral lipids are not necessarily produced during phospholipid degradation

Soil bacteria have the genetic potential to produce TAGs for storage

Rapid transfer of excess glucose-13C into soil bacterial NLFAs suggests storage

Bacterial NLFAs are markers for carbon storage rather than necromassNature Communications, 2022. We leveraged data from a global synthesis of soil fractionation measurements (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5987415) along with ancillary data on climate, vegetation, and soil characteristics to produce spatially-explicit global estimates of mineral-associated soil organic carbon stocks (MOC) and mineralogical carbon capacity (MOCmax) in non-permafrost, non-desert mineral soils. Globally-gridded datasets are given in kgC/m2 for topsoil (0-30cm) and subsoil (30-100cm) at 0.5 degree by 0.5 degree spatial resolution.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "mineral-associated organic matter", "biogeochemistry", "soil organic matter", "15. Life on land", "carbon storage", "soil fractions"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Georgiou, Katerina, Jackson, Robert B., Vindu\u0161kov\u00e1, Olga, Abramoff, Rose Z., Ahlstr\u00f6m, Anders, Feng, Wenting, Harden, Jennifer W., Pellegrini, Adam. F. A., Polley, H. Wayne, Soong, Jennifer L., Riley, William J., Torn, Margaret S.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6539765"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.5281/zenodo.6539765", "name": "item", "description": "10.5281/zenodo.6539765", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.5281/zenodo.6539765"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "20.500.12128/22894", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:25:16Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-02-06", "title": "Soil fauna drives vertical redistribution of soil organic carbon in a long\u2010term irrigated dry pine forest", "description": "Abstract

Summer droughts strongly affect soil organic carbon (SOC) cycling, but net effects on SOC storage are unclear as drought affects both C inputs and outputs from soils. Here, we explored the overlooked role of soil fauna on SOC storage in forests, hypothesizing that soil faunal activity is particularly drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90sensitive, thereby reducing litter incorporation into the mineral soil and, eventually, long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term SOC storage.

In a drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90prone pine forest (Switzerland), we performed a large\uffe2\uff80\uff90scale irrigation experiment for 17\uffc2\uffa0years and assessed its impact on vertical SOC distribution and composition. We also examined litter mass loss of dominant tree species using different mesh\uffe2\uff80\uff90size litterbags and determined soil fauna abundance and community composition.

The 17\uffe2\uff80\uff90year\uffe2\uff80\uff90long irrigation resulted in a C loss in the organic layers (\uffe2\uff88\uff921.0\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and a comparable C gain in the mineral soil (+0.8\uffc2\uffa0kg\uffc2\uffa0C\uffc2\uffa0m\uffe2\uff88\uff922) and thus did not affect total SOC stocks. Irrigation increased the mass loss ofQuercus pubescensandViburnum lantanaleaf litter, with greater effect sizes when meso\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and macrofauna were included (+215%) than when excluded (+44%). The enhanced faunal\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated litter mass loss was paralleled by a many\uffe2\uff80\uff90fold increase in the abundance of meso\uffe2\uff80\uff90 and macrofauna during irrigation. Moreover, Acari and Collembola community composition shifted, with a higher presence of drought\uffe2\uff80\uff90sensitive species in irrigated soils. In comparison, microbial SOC mineralization was less sensitive to soil moisture. Our results suggest that the vertical redistribution of SOC with irrigation was mainly driven by faunal\uffe2\uff80\uff90mediated litter incorporation, together with increased root C inputs.

Our study shows that soil fauna is highly sensitive to natural drought, which leads to a reduced C transfer from organic layers to the mineral soil. In the longer term, this potentially affects SOC storage and, therefore, soil fauna plays a key but so far largely overlooked role in shaping SOC responses to drought.

The question of why some types of organic matter are more persistent while others decompose quickly in soils has motivated a large amount of research in recent years. Persistence is commonly characterized as turnover or mean residence time of soil organic matter (SOM). However, turnover and residence times are ambiguous measures of persistence, because they could represent the concept of either age or transit time. To disambiguate these concepts and propose a metric to assess SOM persistence, we calculated age and transit time distributions for a wide range of soil organic carbon models. Furthermore, we show how age and transit time distributions can be obtained from a stochastic approach that takes a deterministic model of mass transfers among different pools and creates an equivalent stochastic model at the level of atoms. Using this approach we show the following: (1) Age distributions have relatively old mean values and long tails in relation to transit time distributions, suggesting that carbon stored in soils is on average much older than carbon in the release flux. (2) The difference between mean ages and mean transit times is large, with estimates of soil organic carbon persistence on the order of centuries or millennia when assessed using ages and on the order of decades when using transit or turnover times. (3) The age distribution is an appropriate metric to characterize persistence of SOM. An important implication of our analysis is that random chance is a factor that helps to explain why some organic matter persists for millennia in soil.

", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Aging", "time scales", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "carbon storage", "15. Life on land", "Oceanography", "01 natural sciences", "soil models", "Atmospheric Sciences", "Geochemistry", "Climate change impacts and adaptation", "13. Climate action", "Geoinformatics", "Earth Sciences", "Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "soil carbon", "Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation", "Environmental Sciences", "model diagnostics", "Research Articles", "biogeochemical cycling", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1029/2018GB005950"}, {"href": "https://escholarship.org/content/qt2sh647x7/qt2sh647x7.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/21.11116/0000-0002-8A0B-7"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Global%20Biogeochemical%20Cycles", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "21.11116/0000-0002-8A0B-7", "name": "item", "description": "21.11116/0000-0002-8A0B-7", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/21.11116/0000-0002-8A0B-7"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10261/276605", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:24:28Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-12-03", "title": "The effects of management practices and fires on soil water dynamics at three locations across Europe", "description": "2021 IEEE International Workshop on Metrology for Agriculture and Forestry (MetroAgriFor). Trento-Bolzano (Italy), 3-5 Nov. 2021. Soil hydraulic properties (SHP) can be affected by many different factors including: management practices (tillage practices, crop residue management), land use, or natural phenomena (fires, intensive rainfall, drought). Changes in SHP may have a negative impact on infiltration, soil water balance or plant water availability. Although changes of SHP caused by tillage or fires have been vastly studied, such studies are usually restricted to a specific area or do not study the subsequent effects of the changed soil on water movement. In this paper, we present a modelling case-study of the intra-seasonal soil water dynamics at several locations that were subjected to topsoil changes due to tillage management or fire. The effects of no-tillage (NT), minimum, reduced, or other types of non-conventional (alternative) tillage (AT), mulch application (MU), and fire (BURNED) were compared with the effects of conventional tillage (CT) on the soil water dynamics. The changes in SHP due to tillage practices and fire were obtained from the literature. All management practices and fire effects were tested using numerical simulation at three European catchments. According to the literature review, compared to CT, the MU and BURNED treatments affected soil hydraulic properties significantly. NT and AT also influence them, but to a lesser extent. The results of this modelling exercise replicate the effects of tillage on the SHP. The most persistent positive effect on soil water dynamics was under MU treatment. The effect of NT and AT were site specific, suggesting that these results must not be generalized or extrapolated without cautious considerations on the local conditions. BURNED exhibited the most negative effect on soil water dynamics in most cases. Peer reviewed", "keywords": ["Europe", "Soil", "13. Climate action", "Water storage", "Geology", "15. Life on land", "Metrology", "Hydraulic systems", "6. Clean water", "Bibliographies"]}, "links": [{"href": "http://xplorestaging.ieee.org/ielx7/9628139/9628392/09628785.pdf?arnumber=9628785"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10261/276605"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/2021%20IEEE%20International%20Workshop%20on%20Metrology%20for%20Agriculture%20and%20Forestry%20%28MetroAgriFor%29", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10261/276605", "name": "item", "description": "10261/276605", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10261/276605"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-11-03T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "21.11116/0000-000B-2A22-0", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-05-01T16:25:22Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-13", "title": "Vertical pattern of organic matter decomposability in cryoturbated permafrost-affected soils", "description": "Abstract

Permafrost thaw will release additional carbon dioxide into the atmosphere resulting in a positive feedback to climate change. However, the mineralization dynamics of organic matter (OM) stored in permafrost-affected soils remain unclear. We used physical soil fractionation, radiocarbon measurements, incubation experiments, and a dynamic decomposition model to identify distinct vertical pattern in OM decomposability. The observed differences reflect the type of OM input to the subsoil, either by cryoturbation or otherwise, e.g. by advective water-borne transport of dissolved OM. In non-cryoturbated subsoil horizons, most OM is stabilized at mineral surfaces or by occlusion in aggregates. In contrast, pockets of OM-rich cryoturbated soil contain sufficient free particulate OM for microbial decomposition. After thaw, OM turnover is as fast as in the upper active layer. Since cryoturbated soils store ca. 450 Pg carbon, identifying differences in decomposability according to such translocation processes has large implications for the future global carbon cycle and climate, and directs further process model development.Forests play a crucial role in global carbon cycling by absorbing and storing significant amounts of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Although boreal forests contribute to approximately 45% of the total forest carbon sink, tree growth and soil carbon sequestration are constrained by nutrient availability. Here, we examine if long\uffe2\uff80\uff90term nutrient input enhances tree productivity and whether this leads to carbon storage or whether stimulated microbial decomposition of organic matter limits soil carbon accumulation. Over six decades, nitrogen, phosphorus, and calcium were supplied to a Pinus sylvestris\uffe2\uff80\uff90dominated boreal forest. We found that nitrogen fertilization alone or together with calcium and/or phosphorus increased tree biomass production by 50% and soil carbon sequestration by 65% compared to unfertilized plots. However, the nonlinear relationship observed between tree productivity and soil carbon stock across treatments suggests microbial regulation. When phosphorus was co\uffe2\uff80\uff90applied with nitrogen, it acidified the soil, increased fungal biomass, altered microbial community composition, and enhanced biopolymer degradation capabilities. While no evidence of competition between ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi has been observed, key functional groups with the potential to reduce carbon stocks were identified. In contrast, when nitrogen was added without phosphorus, it increased soil carbon sequestration because microbial activity was likely limited by phosphorus availability. In conclusion, the addition of nitrogen to boreal forests may contribute to global warming mitigation, but this effect is context dependent.

Land-management options for greenhouse gas removal (GGR) include afforestation or reforestation (AR), wetland restoration, soil carbon sequestration (SCS), biochar, terrestrial enhanced weathering (TEW), and bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS). We assess the opportunities and risks associated with these options through the lens of their potential impacts on ecosystem services (Nature's Contributions to People; NCPs) and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We find that all land-based GGR options contribute positively to at least some NCPs and SDGs. Wetland restoration and SCS almost exclusively deliver positive impacts. A few GGR options, such as afforestation, BECCS, and biochar potentially impact negatively some NCPs and SDGs, particularly when implemented at scale, largely through competition for land. For those that present risks or are least understood, more research is required, and demonstration projects need to proceed with caution. For options that present low risks and provide cobenefits, implementation can proceed more rapidly following no-regrets principles.

", "keywords": ["330", "Sustainable Development Goals", "710", "SDG", "CDR", "01 natural sciences", "333", "nature's contributions to people", "12. Responsible consumption", "wetland restoration", "soil carbon sequestration", "negative emission technology", "afforestation/reforestation", "11. Sustainability", "BECCS", "NCPs", "biochar", "UN Sustainable Development Goals", "carbon dioxide removal", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "bioenergy with carbon capture and storage", "greenhouse gas removal", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "SDG 15", "NET", "Nature's Contributions to People", "13. Climate action", "ecosystem services", "terrestrial enhanced weathering"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033129"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/1959.13/1433083"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Annual%20Review%20of%20Environment%20and%20Resources", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "1959.13/1433083", "name": "item", "description": "1959.13/1433083", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/1959.13/1433083"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-10-17T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "1959.7/uws:77855", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-05-01T16:25:07Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-10-07", "title": "Ecosystem productivity has a stronger influence than soil age on surface soil carbon storage across global biomes", "description": "Abstract

Interactions between soil organic matter and minerals largely govern the carbon sequestration capacity of soils. Yet, variations in the proportions of free light (unprotected) and mineral-associated (protected) carbon as soil develops in contrasting ecosystems are poorly constrained. Here, we studied 16 long-term chronosequences from six continents and found that the ecosystem type is more important than soil age (centuries to millennia) in explaining the proportion of unprotected and mineral-associated carbon fractions in surface soils across global biomes. Soil carbon pools in highly productive tropical and temperate forests were dominated by the unprotected carbon fraction and were highly vulnerable to reductions in ecosystem productivity and warming. Conversely, soil carbon in low productivity, drier and colder ecosystems was dominated by mineral-protected carbon, and was less responsive to warming. Our findings emphasize the importance of conserving ecosystem productivity to protect carbon stored in surface soils.

Microbial intracellular storage is key to defining microbial resource use strategies and could contribute to carbon (C) and nutrient cycling. However, little attention has been devoted to the role of intracellular storage in soil processes, in particular from a theoretical perspective. Here we fill this gap by integrating intracellular storage dynamics into a microbially explicit soil C and nutrient cycling model. Two ecologically relevant modes of storage are considered: reserve storage, in which elements are routed to a storage compartment in proportion to their uptake rate, and surplus storage, in which elements in excess of microbial stoichiometric requirements are stored and limiting elements are remobilized from storage to fuel growth and microbial maintenance. Our aim is to explore with this model how these different storage modes affect the retention of C and nutrients in active microbial biomass under idealized conditions mimicking a substrate pulse experiment. As a case study, we describe C and phosphorus (P) dynamics using literature data to estimate model parameters. Both storage modes enhance the retention of elements in microbial biomass, but the surplus storage mode is more effective to selectively store or remobilize C and nutrients according to microbial needs. Enhancement of microbial growth by both storage modes is largest when the substrate C:nutrient ratio is high (causing nutrient limitation after substrate addition) and the amount of added substrate is large. Moreover, storage increases biomass nutrient retention and growth more effectively when resources are supplied in a few large pulses compared to several smaller pulses (mimicking a nearly constant supply), which suggests storage to be particularly relevant in highly dynamic soil microhabitats. Overall, our results indicate that storage dynamics are most important under conditions of strong stoichiometric imbalance and may be of high ecological relevance in soil environments experiencing large variations in C and nutrient supply.

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