{"type": "FeatureCollection", "features": [{"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2009.06.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2009-07-08", "title": "Crop Rotations In Argentina: Analysis Of Water Balance And Yield Using Crop Models", "description": "Abstract   Cropping schemes have developed in east-central Argentina for rainfed soybean ( Glycine max  Merr . ) production that invariably employ no-tillage management. Often these schemes include growing soybean in a sequence of crops including wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.) and maize ( Zea mays  L.). The full impact of various rotation schemes on soil water balance through a sequence of seasons has not been explored, although the value of these rotations has been studied experimentally. The objective of this work was to investigate through simulations, potential differences in temporal soil water status among rotations over five years. In this study, mechanistic models of soybean (Soy), maize (Maz), and wheat (Wht) were linked over a five-years period at Marcos Juarez, Argentina to simulate soil water status, crop growth, and yield of four no-till rotations (Soy/Soy, Soy/Wht, Soy/Maz, and Soy/Maz/Wht). Published data on sowing dates and initial soil water contents in the first year from a no-till rotation experiment were used as inputs to the model. After the first year, soil water status output from the model was used to initiate the next crop simulation in the sequence. The results of these simulations indicated a positive impact on soil water balance resulting from crop residue on the soil surface under no-till management. Continuous soybean and the two-year soybean/maize rotation did not efficiently use the available water from rainfall. Residue from maize was simulated to be especially effective in suppressing soil evaporation. Thus, the Soy/Maz simulation results indicated that this rotation resulted in enhanced soil water retention, increased deep water percolation, and increased soybean yields compared with continuous soybean crops. The simulated results matched well with experimental observations. The three-crop rotation of Soy/Maz/Wht did not increase simulated soybean yields, but the additional water retained as a result of decreased soil evaporation resulting from the maize residue allowed the addition of a wheat crop in this two-year rotation. Simulated soybean yields were poorly correlated with both the amount of soil water at sowing and the rainfall during the cropping period. These results highlight the importance of temporal distribution of rainfall on final yield. These models proved a valuable tool for assessing the consequences of various rotation schemes now being employed in Argentina on temporal soil water status, and ultimately crop yield.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "No-tillage", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Crop simulations", "15. Life on land", "Crop rotations", "01 natural sciences", "Maize", "Soil water", "Wheat", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soybean", "Soil evaporation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Facultad de Agronom\u00eda y Zootecnia, Universidad Nac. de Tucum\u00e1n, Argentina ( host institution ), Salado-Navarro, Luis R. ( author ), Sinclair, Thomas R. ( author ),", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2009.06.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2009.06.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2009.06.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2009.06.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2009-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108088", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-22", "title": "Value of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence for quantifying hydrological states and fluxes: Current status and challenges", "description": "Abstract   Predictions of hydrological states and fluxes, especially transpiration, are poorly constrained in hydrological models due to large uncertainties in parameterization and process description. Novel technologies like remote sensing of sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF)\u2014which provides information from the photosynthetic apparatus\u2014may help in constraining water cycle components. This paper discusses the nature of the plant physiological basis of the fluorescence signal and analyses the current literature linking hydrological states and fluxes to SIF. Given the connection between photosynthesis and transpiration, through the water use efficiency, SIF may serve as a pertinent constraint for hydrological models. The FLuorescence EXplorer (FLEX) satellite, planned to be launched in 2023, is expected to provide spatially high-resolution measurements of red and far-red SIF complementing the products from existing satellite missions and the high-temporal resolution products from upcoming geostationary missions. This new data stream may allow us to better constrain plant transpiration, assess the impacts of water stress on plants, and infer processes occurring in the root zone through the soil-plant water column. To make optimal use of this data, progress needs to be made in 1) our process representation of spatially aggregated fluorescence signals from spaceborne SIF instruments, 2) integration of fluorescence processes in hydrological models\u2014particularly when paired with other satellite data, 3) quantifying the impact of soil moisture on SIF across scales, and 4) assessment of the accuracy of SIF measurements\u2014especially from space.", "keywords": ["Atmospheric Science", "Global and Planetary Change", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Forestry", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Agronomy and Crop Science", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108088"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108088", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108088", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108088"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108823", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-01-20", "title": "Timing leaf senescence : a generalized additive models for location, scale and shape approach", "description": "Accurate estimations of phenophases in deciduous trees are important to understand forest ecosystems and their feedback on the climate. In particular, the timing of leaf senescence is of fundamental importance to trees' nutrient stoichiometry and drought tolerance and therefore to trees' vigor and fecundity. Nevertheless, there is no integrated view on the significance, and direction, of seasonal trends in leaf senescence, especially for years characterized by extreme weather events. Difficulties in the acquisition and analyses of hierarchical data can account for this. We collected four years of chlorophyll content index (CCI) measurements in thirty-eight individuals of four deciduous tree species (Betula pendula, Fagus sylvatica, Populus tremula and Quercus robur) in Belgium, Norway and Spain, and analyzed these data using generalized additive models for location, scale and shape (GAMLSS). As a result, (I) the phenological strategy and seasonal trend of leaf senescence in these tree species could be clarified for exceptionally dry and warm years, and (II) the daily average (air) temperature, global radiation, and vapor pressure deficit could be established as main drivers behind the variation in the timing of the senescence transition date. Our results show that the onset of the re-organization phase in the leaf senescence, which we approximated and defined as local minima in the second derivative of a CCI graph, was in all species mainly negatively affected by the average temperature, global radiation and vapor pressure deficit. All together the variables explained 89 to 98% of the variability in the leaf senescence timing. An additional finding is that the generalized beta type 2 and generalized gamma distributions are well suited to model the chlorophyll content index, while the senescence transition date can be modeled using the normal-exponential-student-t, generalized gamma and zero-inflated Box-Cox Cole and Green distributions for beech, oak and birch, and poplar, respectively.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "Physics", "ta1183", "Silver birch", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Generalized additive models for location", "Scale and shape", "European beech", "Pedunculate oak", "Chemistry", "Leaf senescence", "13. Climate action", "European aspen", "ta1181", "0101 mathematics", "Biology"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108823"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108823", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108823", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.108823"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109034", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-06-03", "title": "Real-time automatic detection of starch particles in ambient air", "description": "Considerable amounts of starch granules can be present in the atmosphere from both natural and anthropogenic sources. The aim of this study is to investigate the variability and potential origin of starch granules in ambient air recorded at six cities situated in a region with dominantly agricultural land use. This is achieved by using a combination of laser spectroscopy bioaerosol measurements with 1\u00a0min temporal resolution, traditional volumetric Hirst type bioaerosol sampling and atmospheric modelling. The analysis of wind roses identified potential sources of airborne starch (i.e., cereal grain storage facilities) in the vicinity of all aerobiological stations analysed in this study. The analysis of the CALPUFF dispersion model confirmed that emission of dust from the location of storage towers situated about 2.5 km north of the aerobiological station in Novi Sad is a plausible source of high airborne concentrations of starch granules. This study is important for environmental health since it contributes body of knowledge about sources, emission, and dispersion of airborne starch, known to be involved in phenomena such as thunderstorm-triggered asthma. The presented approach integrates monitoring and modelling, and provides a roadmap for examining a variety of bioaerosols previously considered to be outside the scope of traditional aerobiological measurements.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0301 basic medicine", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Airborne starch", "Aerobiology", "Automatic monitoring", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Dispersion modelling", "Article", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://eprints.worc.ac.uk/12417/1/1-s2.0-S0168192322002234-main%20%281%29.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109034"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109034", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109034", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2022.109034"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2004.09.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-12-13", "title": "On Farm Testing Of Integrated Nutrient Management Strategies In Eastern Uganda", "description": "Abstract   This paper reports on a Participatory Learning and Action Research (PLAR) process that was initiated in three villages in eastern Uganda in September 1999 to enable small-scale farmers to reverse nutrient depletion of their soils profitably by increasing their capacity to develop, adapt and use integrated natural resource management strategies. The PLAR process was also used to improve the participatory skills and tools of research and extension personnel to support this process. The farming systems of the area were characterised for socio-economic and biophysical conditions that included social organisations, wealth categories, gender, crop, soil, agro forestry and livestock production. Farmers identified soil fertility constraints, their indicators, and causes of soil fertility decline, and suggested strategies to address the problem of soil fertility decline. Soil fertility management diversity among households indicated that most farmers were not carrying out any improved soil fertility management practices, despite previous research and dissemination in the area. Following the diagnosis stage and exposure visits to other farmer groups working on integrated soil fertility projects, the farmers designed 11 experiments for on-farm testing. One hundred and twenty farmers then chose, for participatory technology development, sub-sets of these 11 experiments, based on the major agricultural constraints and the potential solutions identified and prioritised by the farmers. Quantitative and qualitative results from the testing, farmer evaluation and adaptation, training, dissemination strategies and socio-economic implications of these technologies are discussed.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "soil chemicophysical properties", "soil fertility", "yields", "1. No poverty", "fertilizer application", "esti\u00e9rcol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "fertilidad del suelo", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "tillage", "propiedades f\u00edsico - qu\u00edmicas suelo", "gender", "manejo del suelo", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "farmyard manure", "green manures", "abonos verdes", "soil management", "aplicaci\u00f3n de abonos", "rendimiento", "on-farm research", "investigaci\u00f3n en la finca", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Esilaba, Anthony O., Byalebeka, J.B., Delve, Robert J., Okalebo, JR, Ssenyange, D, Mbalule, M, Ssali, H.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2004.09.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2004.09.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2004.09.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2004.09.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110749", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2025-07-19", "title": "Contribution of aboveground and belowground biomass of Robinia pseudoacacia trees to total plant carbon stocks in a young agroforestry system", "description": "Allocation to aboveground and belowground compartments of tree biomass in Mediterranean agroforestry systems (AFS) is poorly documented, especially for young trees. This work aimed at (i) characterizing the effects of land use (Agroforestry, AF vs. Tree Plantation, TP) on 5-year-old black locust tree growth, tree biomass allocation, and tree C stocks at plot scale, and (ii) assessing the effect of land use on total carbon stocks (AF vs. TP vs. Crop Monoculture). Allometric equations were built for upscaling tree biomass at the plot scale. Biomass of understory vegetation and crops were estimated at the plot scale in the three land uses. Tree diameter was 19 % higher in the AF than in TP, likely due to different light microclimate, while tree height did not vary significantly between land uses. Tree biomass allocation to aboveground and belowground compartments (70 % and 30 % of total tree biomass, respectively) did not vary between land uses. Higher efficiency in building tree carbon stock was shown in agroforestry than in tree plantation per area unit. Trees accounted for 39 % and 66 % of total carbon stocks in biomass in AF and TP, respectively. Understory vegetation accounted for 8 % and 34 % of total carbon stocks in biomass in AF and TP, respectively. Land equivalent ratio values, which involved tree, crop and understory vegetation carbon stocks, did not yet indicate a synergetic effect on accumulation of plant carbon compared to sole crop or tree plantations. This study provides new reference values of carbon stocks in biomass in a young AFS.", "keywords": ["http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_330982", "plant", "Triticum turgidum", "utilisation des terres", "syst\u00e8mes agroforestiers", "Biomass allocation", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16111", "enracinement", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3081", "biomasse", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1666", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1301", "Agroforestry", "agroforesterie", "Black locust", "changement climatique", "Allometry", "biomasse souterraine", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_363a2055", "Robinia", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_331583", "croissance", "Roots", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_207", "[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio]", "s\u00e9questration du carbone", "Carbon stocks", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_926", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3394", "Biomass production", "Robinia pseudoacacia", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6624", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6625", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4182", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7958", "http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6649", "France", "carbone"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110749"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20and%20Forest%20Meteorology", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110749", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110749", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agrformet.2025.110749"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2025-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.003", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-08-12", "title": "Differential Use And Benefits Of Velvet Bean (Mucuna Pruriens Var. Utilis) And N Fertilizers In Maize Production In Contrasting Agro-Ecological Zones Of E. Uganda", "description": "Abstract   Research was conducted in eastern Uganda on a transect from Mt. Elgon (high altitude) to the low-altitude zones. The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of Velvet bean ( Mucuna pruriens  var.  utilis ) and inorganic N fertilizer in improving maize production in contrasting agro-ecological zones over two seasons. The high and medium altitude zones are high-potential agricultural areas, with much more reliable rainfall and the opposite is true for the low-altitude zone. Each zone comprised soils of contrasting productivity levels.  During 22 weeks, Mucuna produced 2.6\u20137.9\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  of dry matter, accumulating 80\u2013200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 , and derived approximately 34\u2013108\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  from the atmosphere. In the subsequent season, a maize crop was used to evaluate the effects of the green manure-N as compared to 40 and 80\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 . The mean maize yield of the farmers\u2019 practice was used to distinguish between high- and low-productive fields at each location.  There was a significant increase in maize yield in response to the added N, both from urea or  M. pruriens  var.  utilis \u2019. The average increase above that of the farmers\u2019 practice was 1.0\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  for the low-productivity fields across the agro-ecological zones, However, the above average fields responded to added N by a mere 0.4\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  in the low-productivity areas. In the high-productivity areas as much as 2.2\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  were gained. The aggregated maize yield increase over two seasons indicated an increment of 2.7\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  with the application of inorganic fertilizers, and of 1.9\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  with a preceding mucuna-maize relay on high productivity fields in high-potential agro-ecological zones, compared to 1.3\u00a0t\u00a0ha \u22121  obtained with either strategy on the low-productivity fields across the agro-ecological zones.  Economic benefits are obtained with any N supply strategy on highly productive fields in high-potential agro-ecological zones. The N supply strategies are as profitable as the farmers practice on the more productive fields in low-potential agro-ecological zones. However, farmers on low-productivity fields across the agro-ecological zones are currently operating in an economically downward spiral. Only the alternate use of a mucuna-maize relay provides them a way out of this predicament. Given the current prices for maize and urea, the adoption of fertilizer-N in any but the most favorable environment cannot be expected.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Paul L. G. Vlek, Crammer K. Kaizzi, Crammer K. Kaizzi, Henry Ssali,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.003"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.003", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.003", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.06.003"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:56Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-10-20", "title": "Can Carbon Sequestration Markets Benefit Low-Income Producers In Semi-Arid Africa? Potentials And Challenges", "description": "Abstract   The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change allows a country that emits C above agreed-upon limits to purchase C offsets from an entity that uses biological means to absorb or reduce greenhouse emissions. The CDM is currently offered for afforestation and reforestation projects, but may apply subsequently to sequestration in agricultural soils. Additionally, markets outside of the Protocol are developing for soil C sequestration.  In theory, C markets present win-win opportunities for buyers and sellers of C stocks. In practice, however, C markets are very complex. They presuppose the existence and integration of technical capacity to enhance C storage in production systems, the capacity for resource users to adopt and maintain land resource practices that sequester C, the ability for dealers or brokers to monitor C stocks at a landscape level, the institutional capacity to aggregate C credits, the financial mechanisms for incentive payments to reach farmers, and transparent and accountable governance structures that can ensure equitable distribution of benefits. Hence, while C payments may contribute to increasing rural incomes and promoting productivity enhancement practices, they may also expose resource users to additional social tensions and institutional risks.", "keywords": ["Carbon sequestration", "Poverty reduction", "Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "Payments for environmental services", "Agricultural ecosystems", "Afforestation", "West Africa", "11. Sustainability", "Reforestation", "Poverty", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Soil organic matter", "Drylands", "1. No poverty", "Kyoto Protocol", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil carbon", "Semiarid zones", "Carbon credits", "PES", "Greenhouse gases", "Carbon offsets", "Emissions", "Economic incentives", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Carbon markets"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Perez, C., Roncoli, \u202aCarla, Neely, Constance L., Steiner, J. L.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-12-01", "title": "Modeling Soil Carbon Sequestration In Agricultural Lands Of Mali", "description": "Abstract   Agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa is a low-input low-output system primarily for subsistence. Some of these areas are becoming less able to feed the people because of land degradation and erosion. The aim of this study is to characterize the potential for increasing levels of soil carbon for improving soil quality and carbon sequestration. A combination of high- and low-resolution imagery was used to develop a land use classification for an area of 64\u00a0km2 near Omarobougou, Mali. Field sizes were generally small (10\u201350\u00a0ha), and the primary cultivation systems are conventional tillage and ridge tillage, where tillage is performed by a combination of hand tools and animal-drawn plows. Based on land use classification, climate variables, soil texture, in situ soil carbon concentrations, and crop growth characteristics, the EPIC-Century model was used to project the amounts of soil carbon sequestered for the region. Under the usual management practices in Mali, mean crop yield reported (1985\u20132000) for maize is 1.53\u00a0T\u00a0ha\u22121, cotton is 1.2\u00a0T\u00a0ha\u22121, millet is 0.95\u00a0T\u00a0ha\u22121, and for sorghum is 0.95\u00a0T\u00a0ha\u22121. Year-to-year variations can be attributed to primarily rainfall, the amount of plant available water, and the amount of fertilizer applied. Under continuous conventional cultivation, with minimal fertilization and no residue management, the soil top layer was continuously lost due to erosion, losing between 1.1 and 1.7\u00a0Mg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121 over 25\u00a0years. The model projections suggest that soil erosion is controlled and that soil carbon sequestration is enhanced with a ridge tillage system, because of increased water infiltration. The combination of modeling with the land use classification was used to calculate that about 54\u00a0kg\u00a0C\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0year\u22121 may be sequestered for the study area with ridge tillage, increased application of fertilizers, and residue management. This is about one-third the proposed rate used in large-scale estimates of carbon sequestration potential in West Africa, because of the mixture of land use practices.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2005.09.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.cosust.2012.10.015", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-11-10", "title": "Forest Bioenergy At The Cost Of Carbon Sequestration?", "description": "Bioenergy from forest residues can be used to substitute fossil energy sources and reduce carbon emissions. However, increasing biomass removals from forests reduce carbon stocks and carbon input to litter and soil. The magnitude and timeframe of these changes in the forest carbon balance largely determine how effectively forest biomass reduces greenhouse gas emissions from the energy sector and helps to mitigate climate change. This paper reviews the impacts of harvest-residue-based bioenergy on the carbon balance of forests and discusses aspects linked to the concept of carbon neutrality. This type of forest bioenergy will reduce the emissions in a long run but near-term reductions depend essentially on the longevity of the residues used.", "keywords": ["13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.10.015"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Current%20Opinion%20in%20Environmental%20Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.cosust.2012.10.015", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.cosust.2012.10.015", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.cosust.2012.10.015"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-03-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2014.08.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-21", "title": "Tillage Systems Effects On Soil Carbon Stock And Physical Fractions Of Soil Organic Matter", "description": "Abstract   Changes in soil management and land use influence soil organic matter (SOM) turnover through changes in quantity and quality of plant residues entering the soil, their seasonal and spatial distribution, the ratio between above- and bellow-ground inputs and through changes in soil disturbance. We hypothesized that the sequestered C is stored mainly in the mineral associated fraction (C associated in sand, silt and clay fraction). The objective of this study was to evaluate the C stock and stabilization in a tropical Dystrophic Red Latosol (Typic Haplortox) (Paty do Alferes, Brazil) subjected to 6-years soil tillage systems and soil cover. Treatments included no-tillage (NT), animal traction (AT) and conventional tillage (CT). Two additional treatments were evaluated: grass coverage (GC) and bare soil (BS). After six years crop, soil C stock in the 0\u201310\u2009cm layer was higher in NT than in CT (17.6 vs. 12.3\u2009Mg\u2009ha \u22121 ,  P\u2009  \u22121  in NT when comparing to CT. In NT, most of the C accumulation compared to CT occurred in the mineral associated fraction. Although, only the C associated in sand fraction was statistically different (6.7 vs. 1.2\u2009g\u2009kg \u22121  soil,  P\u2009  \u22121  and 5.1\u2009g\u2009N\u2009kg \u22121 ) in the 0\u20135\u2009cm depth. For all treatments, most of the soil organic C was in the heavy fraction (>\u200955%). GC incorporated to soil annually 0.6\u2009Mg\u2009C\u2009ha \u22121 . C associated with sand fractions was the most sensible mineral associated C fraction compared to C in silt and clay fraction, and can be used as a suitable soil quality indicator for sustainable use.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2014.08.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2014.08.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2014.08.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2014.08.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2016-07-20", "title": "Greening And Producing: An Economic Assessment Framework For Integrating Trees In Cropping Systems", "description": "Abstract   Environmental measures in an agricultural context often lead to extra constraints in current farming. This suggests trade-offs between the environmental objectives and profitability. Whether trade-offs exist, or may be turned into win-win, depends on creative farm options to comply new constraints. This paper concentrates on Ecological Focus Areas as a new EU Common Agricultural Policy greening requirement, and investigates profitability changes of two greening options with permanent woody elements, hedgerows and alley cropping. We predicted discounted gross margins for a hedgerow and alley cropping greening option and four market scenarios on a representative arable farm in Flanders (Belgium). Starting from the tree row, over a distance of 1.64 times the tree height, relative crop yield is 70% as compared to a treeless situation. Between 1.64 and 9.52 times the tree height, relative yield is 107%. Beyond that point, the effect is considered negligible. Discounted gross margins are calculated to account for the time horizon. Relative discounted gross margins at farm level, compared to the business as usual option, vary between 91% and 108%, depending on market conditions and policy support. The calculations show that fulfilment of the 5% ecological focus area greening requirement on arable farms with hedgerows and alley cropping only becomes economically competitive to the traditional cropping systems with extra financial stimuli (e.g. greening payments). We also show and discuss how the calculations can be fine-tuned and used in policy making, e.g. by i) getting better insights in the tree-crop interactions, ii) including the effect of e.g. crop type, tree species, tree line space and tree line orientation in the meta-information, iii) evaluating this conditional competitiveness and suggesting a better linking between subsidy level and ecological value and ecosystem services and iv) exploring novel valorization channels for wood products.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "12. Responsible consumption", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.06.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-11-25", "title": "The impact of intercropping, tillage and fertilizer type on soil and crop yield in fruit orchards under Mediterranean conditions: A meta-analysis of field studies", "description": "Open AccessThis work was supported by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project Diverfarming [grant agreement 728003]. Ra\u00fal Zornoza acknowledges the \ufb01nancial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities through the \u201cRam\u00f3n y Cajal\u201d Program [RYC-2015-18758].", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola", "Intercropping", "Fertilizer", "Cover crops", "13. Climate action", "31 Ciencias Agrarias", "Orchard", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Tillage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102736"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103251", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-08", "title": "Manure management and soil biodiversity: Towards more sustainable food systems in the EU", "description": "In this review, authors explored the impact of manure from farmed animals on soil biodiversity by considering factors that determine the effects of manure and vice versa. By evaluating manure's potential to enhance soil biodiversity, but also its environmental risks, authors assessed current and future EU policy and legislations with the ultimate aim of providing recommendations that can enable a more sustainable management of farm manures. This work was funded by the European Commission Horizon 2020 project SoildiverAgro [grant agreement 817819].", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Common agricultural policy; Environmental policy; Nutrient losses; Soil organisms; Agricultural practices; Sustainability; European Union", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "2511.08 Mec\u00e1nica de Suelos (Agricultura)", "15. Life on land", "16. Peace & justice", "01 natural sciences", "ddc:", "12. Responsible consumption", "2511 Ciencias del Suelo (Edafolog\u00eda)", "2511.06 Conservaci\u00f3n de Suelos", "13. Climate action", "11. Sustainability", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103251"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103251", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103251", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2021.103251"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103507", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-09-22", "title": "The challenges fraught opportunity of agriculture expansion into boreal and Arctic regions", "description": "2022", "keywords": ["Land use and land use change", "Northern agriculture", "Arctic", "Climate change", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Boreal", "01 natural sciences", "Perspectives", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103507"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103507", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103507", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103507"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102761", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-12-03", "title": "Ecosystem service provision of grain legume and cereal intercropping in Africa", "description": "Abstract   Achieving food security is challenging in Africa, a continent beset by low crop yield and soil quality, climate adversities, pests, weed infestations, and crop disease outbreaks. In this context, it is important to re-visit the resource-use efficiency and ecosystem service values of intercropping of grain legumes and cereals, a practice that has long been used by small-scale producers to mitigate the risk of crop failure and to safeguard household food availability. Despite its historical use, there are significant knowledge gaps regarding multiple aspects of intercropping, including examination of the different crop combinations on ecosystem services from agriculture. Using meta-analysis approach of land equivalent ratio (LER), a widely-accepted index to assess the efficiency of intercropping production systems, we found that intercropping of cereals with legumes resulted in an elevated LER (i.e., 1.31), regardless of species combination. A significantly greater LER than the overall LER (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102761"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102761", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102761", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102761"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103477", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-08-24", "title": "Improved descriptions of soil hydrology in crop models: The elephant in the room?", "description": "Soil-crop simulation models are widely used to assess the impacts of soil management and climate change on soil water balance, solute transport and crop production. In this context, it is important that hydrological processes in the soil-crop system are accurately modelled. We suggest here that empirical treatments of soil water flow, water uptake by plant mots and transpiration limit the applicability of crop models and increase prediction errors. We further argue that this empiricism is to a large extent unnecessary, as parsimonious physics-based descriptions of these water flow processes in the soil-crop system are now available. Recent reviews and opinion articles, whilst strongly advocating the need for improvements to crop models, fail to mention the significant role played by accurate treatments of soil hydrology. It seems to us that empirical models of soil water flow have become the elephant in the room.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0207 environmental engineering", "Soil Science", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "Agricultural Science"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jarvis, Nicholas, Larsbo, Mats, Lewan, Elisabet, Garre, Sarah,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://pub.epsilon.slu.se/29884/1/jarvis-n-et-al-20221209.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103477"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103477", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103477", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103477"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103560", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2022-11-16", "title": "Concepts of agricultural marginal lands and their utilisation: A review", "description": "CONTEXT: The potential of marginal lands to improve food security, support bioenergy production or ecosystem services has globally got a lot of attention. Defining agricultural marginal land is a task that involves more than just considering the land\u2019s quality, its definition changed a lot during the last two centuries. OBJECTIVE: Development of new technologies and policy trends require the concepts of prime land and marginal land to be renewed from time to time. Although much research has been done on the concept of marginal land, it is currently limited by the lack of a clear, globally accepted definition. METHOD: There are four major sources of criteria of marginal lands: economic (e.g., rent cost, land value), geographical (e.g., temperature, slope, precipitation), ecosystem-based (e.g., protected areas, recreation, ecosystem services), soil suitability (e.g., yield capability, physical and chemical soil properties). The categorisation of agricultural land into groups like productive, marginal or unproductive often depends on the cultivation or management type. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Since conceptions of marginal land are dynamic both in time and space, flexible policy and practical solutions are needed for their non-degrading use, which in any case shall support naturebased socioeconomic development. To maintain the socioeconomic value of these areas, it is crucial to develop rural areas that are economically or biophysically marginalised. High nature value farming, bioenergy crops by sustainable land management and afforestation are highly recommended. Choosing the right management can transform marginal land into an optimal soil condition or incorrect management can degrade prime land into marginal land (unproductive land). SIGNIFICANCE: This paper provides a review and categorisation of the historical and new developments of marginal land concepts especially those which are working with agricultural aspects, including land management and reclamation. It could give a strong basis for further research in ...", "keywords": ["S1 Agriculture (General) / mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1g \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "04.01. Mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1g", " erd\u00e9szet", " hal\u00e1szat", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Csik\u00f3s, N\u00e1ndor, T\u00f3th, Gergely,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "http://publicatio.bibl.u-szeged.hu/37762/1/concept.pdf"}, {"href": "https://real.mtak.hu/190344/1/1-s2.0-S0308521X22001962-main.pdf"}, {"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103560"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Systems", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103560", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103560", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agsy.2022.103560"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2023-01-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-07-06", "title": "Mechanical Control Of Shrubs In A Semiarid Region Of Argentina And Its Effect On Soil Water Content And Grassland Productivity", "description": "Abstract   Mechanical shrub control with roller choppers can be an inexpensive and non contaminant system for increasing grassland production in rangelands dry regions. A field experiment was carried out between October 1997 and October 2001 in the \u201cCaldenal-Jarillal\u201d botanic district of Argentina, a natural rangeland ecosystem with a high water deficit throughout much of the year. The trial was conducted on a Typic Ustortent and consisted of the following treatments: a control, the undisturbed natural condition (N), and rolled with (I) and without (R) interseeding of  Panicum coloratum . Results showed that I and R improved soil water content within the upper 100\u00a0cm, dry matter production of grasses, amount of litter and water use efficiency as compared to N. The positive effect of rolling on soil water content was detected only in autumn months when water balance was positive. In summer months, when a negative water balance occurred, soil water content of rolled treatments was not different from that of the unrolled one. Consumptive water use was similar in rolled and unrolled treatments, and equivalent to the rainfall, reflecting the low soil water-holding capacity. The higher efficiency of water use in rolled treatments indicated that grasses were more efficient in using the consumed water. The I and R treatments had similar values of soil water content within the upper 100\u00a0cm, grass dry matter production, amount of litter and water use efficiency. However, a higher grass dry matter production in R than in I was noticed in part of the last year of this study. Grass dry matter production increased at the same rate in all treatments after 4 years, but litter remained constant in the unrolled treatment and decreased in the rolled ones. Mechanical shrub control with a roller chopper decreased shrub competition, thereby increasing the productivity of the ecosystem.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Rolling", "Natural Grasses", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Shrub Control", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1.5", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Semiarid Regions", "Water Balance", "https://purl.org/becyt/ford/1"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.04.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2004-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2004.09.030", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-03-11", "title": "Effects Of Different Management Practices On Soil Conservation And Soil Water In A Rainfed Olive Orchard", "description": "Open Access16 pages, figures, and tables statistics.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Sustainable agriculture", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Legumes", "Soil fertility", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Plant covers", "Weeds", "Soil moisture"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.09.030"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2004.09.030", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2004.09.030", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.09.030"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2006.01.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-03-10", "title": "Yield Response Of Corn To Deficit Irrigation In A Semiarid Climate", "description": "Abstract   Irrigation water supplies are decreasing in many areas of the US Great Plains, which is requiring many farmers to consider deficit-irrigating corn (Zea mays L.) or growing crops like winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that require less water, but that are less profitable. The objectives of this study were to: (1) quantify the yield response of corn to deficit irrigation, and (2) determine which of several seasonal water variables correlated best to corn yield in a semiarid climate. Eight (T1\u2013T8) and nine (T1\u2013T9) deficit-irrigated treatments (including dryland), were compared in 2003 and 2004 in North Platte, Nebraska. The actual seasonal crop evapotranspiration (ETd) (calculated with procedures in FAO-56) for the different treatments was 37\u201379% in 2003 and 63\u201391% in 2004 compared with the seasonal crop evapotranspiration when water is not limited (ETw). Quantitative relationships between grain yield and several seasonal water variables were developed. Water variables included, irrigation (I), total water (Wall), rain\u00a0+\u00a0irrigation (WR+I), evaporation (E), crop evapotranspiration (ETd), crop transpiration (Td), and the ratios of ETd and Td to evapotranspiration and transpiration when water is not limited (ETw and Tw). Both years, yield increased linearly with seasonal irrigation, but the relationship varied from year to year. Combining data from both years, ETd had the best correlation to grain yield (yield\u00a0=\u00a00.028ETd\u20135.04, R2\u00a0=\u00a00.95), and the water variables could be ranked from higher to lower R2 when related to grain yield as:     E   T   d  (   R  2   =  0.95  )    >   T   d  (   R  2   =  0.93  )    >  E   T  d   /  E   T   w  (   R  2   =  0.90  )    =   T  d   /   T   w  (   R  2   =  0.90  )    >   W   all  (   R  2   =  0.89  )    >   E   (   R  2   =  0.75  )    >   W   R  +  I  (   R  2   =  0.65  )    >   I   (   R  2   =  0.06  )      . Crop water productivity (CWP) (yield per unit ETd) linearly increased with ETd/ETw (R2\u00a0=\u00a00.75), which suggests that trying to increase CWP by deficit-irrigating corn is not a good strategy under the conditions of this study.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "571", "330", "Evapotranspiration", "Corn", "Corn / maize", "Mass Import - autoclassified (may be erroneous)", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "630", "6. Clean water", "Maize", "Biological Engineering", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Deficit irrigation"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Payero, Jos\u00c3\u00a9 O., Melvin, Steven R., Irmak, Suat, Tarkalson, David D.,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2006.01.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2006.01.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2006.01.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2006.01.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.cosust.2018.11.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-11-28", "title": "Models for assessing engineered nanomaterial fate and behaviour in the aquatic environment", "description": "Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs, material containing<br/>particles with at least one dimension less than 100 nm) are<br/>present in a range of consumer products and could be<br/>released into the environment from these products during<br/>their production, use or end-of-life. The high surface to<br/>volume ratio of nanomaterials imparts a high reactivity,<br/>which is of interest for novel applications but may raise<br/>concern for the environment. In the absence of<br/>measurement methods, there is a need for modelling to<br/>assess likely concentrations and fate arising from current<br/>and future releases. To assess the capability that exists to<br/>do such modelling, progress in modelling ENM fate since<br/>2011 is reviewed. ENM-specific processes represented in<br/>models are mainly limited to aggregation and, in some<br/>instances, dissolution. Transformation processes (e.g.<br/>sulphidation), the role of the manufactured coatings,<br/>particle size distribution and particle form and state are still<br/>usually excluded. Progress is also being made in modelling<br/>ENMs at larger scales. Currently, models can give a<br/>reasonable assessment of the fate of ENMs in the<br/>environment, but a full understanding will likely require<br/>fuller inclusion of these ENM-specific processes.", "keywords": ["RELEASE", "transformation", "aggregation", "Urbanisation", "METALLIC NANOPARTICLES", "QUANTIFICATION", "SILVER NANOPARTICLES", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "modelling", "engineered nanomaterials", "NanoFASE", "TIO2 NANOPARTICLES", "Life Science", "WATER", "NANO-SILVER", "EXPOSURE", "RISK-ASSESSMENT", "105906 Environmental geosciences", "ZINC-OXIDE", "aquatic environment", "105906 Umweltgeowissenschaften", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cosust.2018.11.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Current%20Opinion%20in%20Environmental%20Sustainability", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.cosust.2018.11.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.cosust.2018.11.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.cosust.2018.11.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2004.07.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:57Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2004-09-18", "title": "Soil N And Salinity Leaching After The Autumn Irrigation And Its Impact On Groundwater In Hetao Irrigation District, China", "description": "Soil water and salinity are crucial factors influencing crop production in arid regions. An autumn irrigation system employing the application of a large volume of water (2200-2600 m(3) ha(-1)) is being developed in the Hetao Irrigation District of China. since the 1980s with the goal to reduce salinity levels in the root zone and increase the water availability for the following spring crops. However, the autumn irrigation can cause significant quantities of NO3- to leach from the plant root zone into the groundwater. In this study. we investigated the changes in soil water content, NO3-N and salinity within a 150 cm deep soil profile in four different types of farmlands: spring wheat (F-W), maize (F-M), spring wheat-maize inter-planting (FW-M) and sunflower (F-S). Our results showed that (1) salt losses mainly occurred in the upper 60 cm of the soil and in the upper 40 cm for NO3-N; (2) the highest losses of salt and NO3-N could be observed in F-W, whereas the lowest losses were found in FW-M. NO3-N concentration, pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in the groundwater were also monitored before and after the autumn irrigation. We found that the autumn irrigation caused the groundwater concentration of NO3-N to increase from 1.73 to 21.6 mg L-1, thereby, exceeding the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO). Our results suggest that extensive development of inter-planting tillage might be a viable measure to reduce groundwater pollution, and that the application of optimized minimum amounts of water and nitrogen to meet realistic yield goals, as well as the timely application of N fertilizers and the use of slow release fertilizers can be viable measures to minimize nitrate leaching. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhaozhong Feng, Zongwei Feng, Xiaoke Wang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.07.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2004.07.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2004.07.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2004.07.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2005-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2005.05.006", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2005-06-30", "title": "Water-Yield Relation And Water Use Efficiency Of Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) And Second Crop Corn (Zea Mays L.) In Western Turkey", "description": "Abstract   A field study was carried out during the 2003 and 2004 cropping season in the western Turkey. The effect of water deficit or water stress on crop yield, yield response, water use efficiencies, dry matter yield (DM) and leaf area index (LAI) were evaluated. Cotton (named as S letter for cotton) and corn (named as T letter for corn) were grown under five irrigation treatments. Treatments were designated as S-100 and T-100 full irrigation; S-70, T-70; S-50, T-50; S-30, T-30; and S-00, T-00, received 70, 50, 30 and 0% times the soil water depletion in the treatment S-100 and T-100 on the same day. The average seasonal water use values ranged from 174 to 558\u00a0mm in corn treatments and 257 to 867\u00a0mm in cotton treatment. Water deficit significantly affected both crop yields. The average corn grain yield varied from 2880 to 11,340\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 and average seed cotton yield varied from 1780 to 5490\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121. Highest average corn and cotton yield were obtained from the full irrigation treatments (S-100; T-100). The average water use efficiency (WUE) ranged from 1.65 to 2.15\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22123 for corn and 0.61 to 0.72\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22123 for cotton, respectively, while average irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) were between 2.30 and 3.52\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22123 for corn and between 0.77 and 1.40\u00a0kg\u00a0m\u22123 for cotton. Yield response factors (ky), 1.04 for corn and 0.92 for cotton, were determined based on averages of 2 years. Leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter yields (DM) increased with increasing water use for both treatments. This study demonstrated that well irrigated treatments (S-100 and T-100) could be used for the semiarid climatic conditions under no water shortage.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Fuat Sezgin, Ersel Yilmaz, Necdet Da\u011fdelen, Talih G\u00fcrb\u00fcz,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.05.006"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2005.05.006", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2005.05.006", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2005.05.006"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2006-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2006.08.005", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2006-09-27", "title": "Effects Of Conservation Tillage Practices On Winter Wheat Water-Use Efficiency And Crop Yield On The Loess Plateau, China", "description": "In the semi-humid to arid loess plateau areas of North China, water is the limiting factor for rain-fed crop yields. Conservation tillage has been proposed to improve soil and water conservation in these areas. From 1999 to 2005, we conducted a field experiment on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to investigate the effects of conservation tillage on soil water conservation, crop yield, and water-use efficiency. The field experiment was conducted using reduced tillage (RT), no tillage with mulching (NT), subsoil tillage with mulching (ST), and conventional tillage (CT). NT and ST improved water conversation, with the average soil water storage in 0\ufffd200 cm soil depth over the six years increased 25.24 mm at the end of summer fallow periods, whereas RT soil water storage decreased 12 mm, compared to CT. At wheat planting times, the available soil water on NT and ST plots was significantly higher than those using CT and RT. The winter wheat yields were also significantly affected by the tillage methods. The average winter wheat yields over 6 years on NT or ST plots were significantly higher than that in CT or RT plots. CT and RT yields did not vary significantly between them. In each study year, NT and ST water-use efficiency (WUE) was higher than that of CT and RT. In the dry growing seasons of 1999\ufffd2000, 2004\ufffd2005 and the low-rainfall fallow season of 2002, the WUE of NT and ST was significantly higher than that of CT and RT, but did not vary significantly in the other years. For all years, CT and RT showed no WUE advantage. In relation to CT, the economic benefit of RT, NT, and ST increased 62, 1754, and 1467 yuan ha-1, respectively, and the output/input ratio of conservation tillage was higher than that of CT. The overall results showed that NT and ST are the optimum tillage systems for increasing water storage and wheat yields, enhancing WUE and saving energy on the Loess Plateau.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Jun Gao, Guanghui Jiang, Roger Hartmann, Junjie Lv, Ziyou Su, Jian Huang, D Cai, Jinsong Zhang, Donald Gabri\u00ebls, Wenliang Wu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2006.08.005"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2006.08.005", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2006.08.005", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2006.08.005"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2007-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2007.05.016", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2007-07-26", "title": "Ammonia Volatilization From Urea In Rice Fields With Zero-Drainage Water Management", "description": "Abstract   Three field experiments located at Yuhang (YH), Changshu (CS), and Jiaxing (JX) Agricultural Research Stations in the Taihu region of China were conducted to elucidate ammonia volatilization (AV) during rice growing seasons through \u2018zero-drainage water management\u2019, combined with sound irrigation, rainfall forecasting and field drying. The experiment at each site had five N rates (0\u2013360\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha in 90\u00a0kg increments). AV was measured by the continuous airflow enclosure method. Results show that AV was completed within 10\u201312 days after urea application. The peak values of AV rates after the first topdressing (AF1) at N360 treatment could reach 11.2, 9.0, and 8.5\u00a0kg\u00a0N/ha\u00a0day within 2\u20134 days at the YH, CS, and JX sites, respectively. It was only necessary to maintain a higher water level during the first \u2018flooding\u2013drying\u2019 cycle after the AF1. The seasonal averages of the total AV fluxes accounted for 4.4\u201315.5%, 4.4\u201312.6%, and 4.6\u201310.9% of the applied urea at the YH, CS, and JX sites, respectively, suggesting that the zero-drainage water management with flooding\u2013drying cycles was effective for controlling AV. This study also speculates that the total AV flux during the rice season was more N rates and seasons related than sites.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Guangming Tian, Xinqiang Liang, Yingxu Chen, Hua Li, Zhijian Zhang,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2007.05.016"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2007.05.016", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2007.05.016", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2007.05.016"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2008.03.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2008-04-23", "title": "Tillage And Irrigation Effects On Crop Yields And Soil Properties Under The Rice\u2013Wheat System In The Indian Himalayas", "description": "Abstract   Conservation tillage systems generally improve soil organic C (SOC), plant available water capacity (PAWC), aggregation and soil water transmission. A field experiment was conducted for 4 years (2001\u20132002 to 2004\u20132005) to study tillage (conventional tillage (CT) and zero tillage (ZT)) systems. The selected irrigation treatments were at four levels (I1: pre-sowing (PS), I2: PS\u00a0+\u00a0active tillering (AT)/crown root initiation (CRI), I3: PS\u00a0+\u00a0AT/CRI\u00a0+\u00a0panicle initiation (PI)/flowering (FL), and I4: PS\u00a0+\u00a0AT/CRI\u00a0+\u00a0PI/FL\u00a0+\u00a0grain filling (GF)), applied at the critical growth stages on rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Their effects on direct seeded rice productivity and soil properties (SOC and selected physical properties) after rice and wheat harvest were investigated. Soil organic C contents after rice and wheat harvest in the 0\u201315\u00a0cm soil depth were higher under ZT than under CT. Soil organic C increased significantly with I2 over I1 for both crops and with I4 over I2 for the wheat crop. The PAWC was significantly higher with ZT than CT. Zero tilled and frequently irrigated plots showed enhanced infiltration characteristics (infiltration rate, cumulative infiltration and sorptivity) and saturated hydraulic conductivity. Both direct seeded rice and wheat yields were not significantly different in the plots under ZT and CT. There was a significant increase in both rice and wheat yields in the plots under I2 over I1. However, water use efficiency between irrigation treatments was not significantly different. Hence, under direct seeded rice\u2013wheat system in a sandy clay loam soil of the sub-temperate Indian Himalayas, farmers may adopt ZT with two irrigations in each crop for optimum resource conservation.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Samaresh Kundu, K.G. Singh, Rajasri Bhattacharyya, S. C. Pandey, Hari S. Gupta,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2008.03.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2008.03.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2008.03.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2008.03.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2008-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2010.10.004", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2010-11-18", "title": "Irrigation, Tillage And Mulching Effects On Soybean Yield And Water Productivity In Relation To Soil Texture", "description": "Abstract   Depleting groundwater resources in Indian Punjab call for diversifying from rice to crops with low evapo-transpiration needs and adopting water-saving technologies. Soybean offers a diversification option in coarse- to medium-textured soils. However, its productivity in these soils is constrained by high soil mechanical resistance and high soil temperature during early part of the growing season. These constraints can be alleviated through irrigation, deep tillage and straw mulching. This 3-years field study examines the individual and combined effects of irrigation, deep tillage, and straw mulching regimes on soybean yield and water productivity (WP) in relation to soil texture. Combinations of two irrigation regimes viz., full irrigation (If), and partial irrigation (Ip) in the main plot; two tillage regimes viz., conventional-till (CT)-soil stirring to 0.10\u00a0m depth, and deep tillage (DT)-chiseling down to 0.35\u00a0m depth followed by CT in the subplot; and two mulch rates viz., 0 (M0) and 6\u00a0t\u00a0ha\u22121 (M) in the sub-subplot on two soils differing in available water capacity were evaluated.  Seed yield was greater in the sandy loam than in the loamy sand reflecting the effects of available water capacity. Irrigation effects were greater on loamy sand (40%) than on sandy loam (5%) soil. Deep tillage benefits were also more on loamy sand (14%) compared to sandy loam (5%) soil. Yield gains with mulching were comparable on the two soils (19%). An evaluation of interaction effects showed that mulching response was slightly more in Ip (20%) than in If regimes (17%) in the sandy loam; while in the loamy sand, mulching gains were comparable (18-19%) in both irrigation regimes. Benefits of deep tillage in the loamy sand soil were more in Ip (20%) than in If regimes (17%). Deep tillage and straw mulching enhanced WP (ratio of seed yield/water use) from 1.39 to 1.97\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0mm\u22121 in Ip regime, and from 1.87 to 2.33\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121\u00a0mm\u22121 in If regime in the loamy sand soil. These effects on WP were less in the sandy loam soil with greater available water capacity. Yield and WP gains are ascribed to deeper and denser rooting due to moderation of soil temperature and water conservation with straw mulching and tillage-induced reduction in soil mechanical resistance. Root mass in CTM0, CTM, DTM0 and DTM was 2.79, 5.88, 5.34 and 5.58\u00a0mg\u00a0cm\u22122 at pod-filling in the loamy sand soil. Comparable yield responses to deep tillage or mulching in the loamy sand soil suggest that either of the options, depending on their cost and availability considerations, can be employed for improving soybean yield and water productivity.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "V.K. Arora, S. S. Thind, A. S. Sidhu, C.B. Singh,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.10.004"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2010.10.004", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2010.10.004", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2010.10.004"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2011-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.04.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-25", "title": "Performance Evaluation Of Aquacrop Model For Maize Crop In A Semi-Arid Environment", "description": "Abstract   Crop growth simulation models of varying complexity have been developed for predicting the effects of soil, water and nutrients on grain and biomass yields and water productivity of different crops. These models are calibrated and validated for a given region using the data generated from field experiments. In this study, a water-driven crop model AquaCrop, developed by FAO was calibrated and validated for maize crop under varying irrigation and nitrogen regimes. The experiment was conducted at the research farm of the Water Technology Centre, IARI, New Delhi during  kharif  2009 and 2010. Calibration was done using the data of 2009 and validation with the data of 2010. Irrigation applications comprised rainfed,  i.e.  no irrigation (W 1 ) irrigation at 50% of field capacity (FC) (W 2 ) at 75% FC (W 3 ) and full irrigation (W 4 ). Nitrogen application levels were no nitrogen (N 1 ), 75\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  (N 2 ) and 150\u00a0kg\u00a0ha \u22121  (N 3 ). Model efficiency ( E ), coefficient of determination ( R  2 ), Root Mean Square error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) were used to test the model performance. The model was calibrated for simulating maize grain and biomass yield for all treatment levels with the prediction error statistics 0.95\u00a0 E  R  2  \u22121 . Upon validation, the E was 0.95 and 0.98; MAE was 0.11 and 1.08 and RMSE was 0.1 and 0.75 for grain and biomass yield, respectively. The prediciton error in simulation of grain yield and biomass under all irrigation and nitrogen levels ranged from a minimum of 0.47% to 5.91% and maximum of 4.36% to 11.05%, respectively. The highest and the lowest accuracy to predict yield and biomass was obtained at W 4 N 3  and W 1 N 1  treatments, respectively. The model prediciton error in simulating the water productivity (WP) varied from 2.35% to 27.5% for different irrigation and nitrogen levels. Over all, the FAO AquaCrop model predicted maize yield with acceptable accuracy under variable irrigation and nitrogen levels.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.04.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.04.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.04.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.04.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106333", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-06-23", "title": "Opportunities for expanding the use of wastewaters for irrigation of olives", "description": "Open AccessThe authors would like to thank EU and Water JPI for funding, in the frame of the collaborative international Consortium DESERT, financed under the ERA-NET WaterWorks 2014 Cofunded Call. This ERA-NET is an integral part of the 2015 Joint Activities developed by the Water Challenges for a Changing World Joint Programme Initiative (Water JPI). The research project \u2018Use of Advanced information technologies for Site-Specific management of Irrigation and SaliniTy with degraded water\u2019 (ASSIST) funded by SENECA Foundation on the Regional Program 'SAAVEDRA FAJARDO'. The Project SHui which is co-funded by the European Union Project GA 773903 and the Chinese MOST.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Fruit quality", "550", "Treated Health riskswastewater", "Production", "http://metadata.un.org/sdg/3", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "Fruit Quality", "630", "Olive trees", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption", "Health risks", "Treated wastewater", "13. Climate action", "Health risk", "Olive tree", "Responsible Consumption and Production", "Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106333"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106333", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106333", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106333"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.03.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-04-19", "title": "Effectiveness Of Oat And Rye Cover Crops In Reducing Nitrate Losses In Drainage Water", "description": "a b s t r a c t Much of the NO3 in the riverine waters of the upper Mississippi River basin in the United States originates from agricultural land used for corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) production. Cover crops grown between maturity and planting of these crops are one approach for reducing losses of NO3. In this experiment, we evaluated the effectiveness of oat (Avena sativa L.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crops in reducing NO3 concentrations and loads in subsurface drainage water. The oat fall cover crop was broadcast seeded into living corn and soybean crops before harvest in late August or early September and was killed by cold temperatures in late November or early December The rye winter cover crop, which had already been used annually for four years, was planted with a grain drill after corn and soybean harvest, overwintered, grew again in the spring, and was killed with herbicides before main crop planting. These treatments were evaluated in subsurface-drained field plots with an automated system for measuring drainage flow and collecting proportional samples for analysis of NO3 concentrations from each plot. The rye winter cover crop significantly reduced drainage water NO3 concentrations by 48% over five years, but this was less than the 58% reduction observed in its first four years of use. The oat fall cover crop reduced NO3 concentrations by 26% or about half of the reduction of the rye cover crop. Neither cover crop significantly reduced cumulative drainage or nitrate loads because of variability in cumulative annual drainage among plots. Both oat and rye cover crops are viable management options for significantly reducing NO3 losses to surface waters from agricultural drainage systems used for corn and soybean production. Published by Elsevier B.V.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Timothy B. Parkin, D. B. Jaynes, T. C. Kaspar, Jeremy W. Singer, T. B. Moorman,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.03.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.03.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.03.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.03.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-07-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.06.001", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-06-26", "title": "Simulation Of Nitrogen Fate For Greenhouse Cucumber Grown Under Different Water And Fertilizer Management Using The Eu-Rotate_N Model", "description": "Abstract   The objectives of this study were to compare nitrate leaching for greenhouse vegetable grown under different water and fertilizer management, and to provide the best management practices (BMPs). A greenhouse cucumber experiment with different water and nitrogen management was conducted in Shouguang County of North China from 2009 to 2010. Seven different irrigation and fertilizer treatments were designed, including five treatments with furrow irrigation: no fertilizer (CK), organic manure (OM), conventional fertilizer (farmer's practice, FP), optimal fertilizer application (OPT), crop residues\u00a0+\u00a0farmer practice (CN), and two with drip irrigation: conventional fertilizer (RI) and crop residues\u00a0+\u00a0optimal fertilizer (OPTRI). The EU-Rotate_N model was used to simulate the greenhouse cucumber growth, water movement and N fate. Results indicated that the simulated values of cucumber dry weight, N uptake, soil water content and NO 3 -N concentration in the soil profile all agreed well with the observed values. Also, it was revealed that the irrigation method, amounts of fertilizer input and crop residues had significant effects on nitrate leaching and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Compared with that under the FP treatment, the amounts of nitrate leaching under the CN and RI treatments were decreased by 26\u201332% and 75\u201380%, respectively, whilst the amount of nitrate leaching under the OPT treatment could be reduced 32\u201336%. Nitrate leaching under the OPTRI treatment was the least, and the reduction was 79\u201386%. On the other hand, NUE was increased by 2\u20133%, 15\u201318% and 40\u201343% under the OPT, CN and RI treatments, respectively. The largest NUE occurred under the OPTRI treatment, about 314.5\u2013337.4\u00a0kg\u00a0kg \u22121 . It is concluded that the optimal fertilizer N, drip irrigation and straw incorporation are the effective measures for reducing N leaching and improving NUE. Amongst all the treatments, the OPTRI treatment yielded the lowest N leaching at the expense of a slight decrease in yield of greenhouse cucumber. Therefore, the OPTRI treatment should be recommended to farmers in order to reduce the risk of groundwater pollution and to develop sustainable vegetable production in the area.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kelin Hu, Lihua Jiang, Kefeng Zhang, Yu Xu, Yuan Sun,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.06.001"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.06.001", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.06.001", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.06.001"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-09-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.009", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-10-09", "title": "Irrigation Scheduling Strategies Based On Soil Matric Potential On Yield And Fruit Quality Of Mulched-Drip Irrigated Chili Pepper In Northwest China", "description": "Abstract   A two-year field experiment was conducted with drip irrigation and plastic mulch to investigate an appropriate irrigation management strategy for chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Five treatments, with the soil matric potential (SMP) threshold range of \u221210 to \u221250\u00a0kPa at intervals of 10\u00a0kPa, were applied in this study and are correspondingly referred to as T1 to T5. Leaf area index, plant height, soil water content, yield, and total soluble solids (TSS) were measured, and seasonal crop evapotranspiration (ET), water productivity (WP), and irrigation water productivity (IWP) were computed regularly. Results showed that the differences in leaf area index, plant height, above-ground biomass, and crop yield in treatments T1 though T4 were similar (P\u00a0>\u00a00.05), but higher (P", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Yan Li, Guanhua Huang, Dongdong Jia, Huiying Yang, Jianhua Zheng, Jun Wang, Haijun Liu,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.009"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.009", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.009", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.009"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2013.03.011", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "unspecified", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-04-10", "title": "An In Situ Study Of Inorganic Nitrogen Flow Under Different Fertilization Treatments On A Wheat\u2013Maize Rotation System Surrounding Nansi Lake, China", "description": "Abstract   Nitrogen (N) loss to the environment through water transport has been a serious challenge to agricultural practices for decades. Although much progress has been made in developed countries, suitable strategies for mitigating agricultural N loss in developing countries, such as China, are still required. In particular, studies that comprehensively measure the effect of fertilizer strategies on N loss through runoff and leaching would be beneficial in the design of fertilizer programs that meet the needs of the dominant cropping systems in China, while protecting nearby water bodies. In this study, agricultural plots (n\u00a0=\u00a021) in the Nansi Lake Watershed of Shandong District, China, were fitted with runoff and leachate collection devices to monitor the effect of different N fertilizer treatment strategies, including OPT, CRN, DMS, and STR for a wheat\u2013maize rotation system on N loss through water transport. Runoff and leachates were collected at 10 typical growth stages of the consecutive wheat and maize seasons throughout a 2-year period. Yield and precipitation data for each plot were also collected. One of the main findings was the significant positive correlation between precipitation levels and the quantity of leachates and runoff. In addition, the amount of water collected in the various treatment was affected by agricultural practices, such as straw incorporation and tillage of surface soils. During the different growth stages, NO3\u2212-N and NH4+-N concentrations varied in the leachate and runoff. The NO3\u2212-N concentration had a greater impact on water quality during the R1 period of maize. However, NO3\u2212-N concentrations were too low to cause ground water pollution. The total loss of inorganic N to leaching and runoff was 1.68\u20135.96\u00a0kg\u00a0ha\u22121 among crops. Run off accounted for 63.4\u201373.8% of inorganic N loss. The amount of NO3\u2212-N and NH4+-N lost through leaching and runoff was generally greater during the maize season compared to the wheat season. During the form of nitrogen loss, the ratio of NH4+-N and NO3\u2212-N in the leachate was generally similar (the proportion of NO3\u2212-N during the maize and wheat season was 65.2\u201370.9% and 46.0\u201354.6% respectively). However, there was a predominance of NO3\u2212-N in the runoff (82.5\u201386.4% and 94.2\u201396.5% for the maize and wheat seasons, respectively). The NO3\u2212-N and NH4+-N losses through total leachate and runoff were highest in the FP treatment, followed by OPT and DMS, and finally STR and CRN. To reduce N loss through water transport, in parallel to ensuring continued high agricultural production levels, CRN and OPT in conjunction with wheat straw incorporation should be encouraged during maize production, while CRN and OPT should be encouraged during wheat production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Zhaohui Liu, Mei Wang, Lihua Jiang, Yu Xu, Deshui Tan, Li Guosheng, Fuli Zheng, Shi Jing, Rongzong Cui, Shuying Tan,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2013.03.011"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2013.03.011", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2013.03.011", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2013.03.011"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.09.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-09-26", "title": "Sustainability and environmental assessment of fertigation in an intensive olive grove under Mediterranean conditions", "description": "Abstract   Water and nitrogen surpluses are major concern for the new intensive olive groves in South of Portugal. In this study, field measurements were integrated with a system model, Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM2) to assess the sustainability and environmental impact of fertigation in an intensive olive grove (Olea europaea L. var. Arbequina). The model provided acceptable predictions of evapotranspiration, soil moisture and nitrate contents. Based on model simulations, under current fertigation practices, 57% of the irrigation applied was lost via drainage, while 71% and 5% of fertilizer N inputs were lost through leaching and denitrification, respectively. The non-fertilizer N input from soil organic matter (OM) satisfied 64% of the crop N needs. The tested model was used to predict the impacts of a full irrigation (FIFC) and two regulated deficit irrigation schemes (RDI75, RDI50) on drainage and N leaching. In FIFC the atmospheric demand was met while the application frequency maintained the water storage below the soil field capacity. In RDI75 and RDI50 the irrigation application amount between stone hardening and onset of ripening was 75 and 50% of FIFC respectively.  Compared with the current practice, the FIFC decreased drainage and N leaching by 47% and 90% respectively, while maintaining the actual evapotranspiration (ETa). The RDI75 seems to be the most adequate for the studied agro-system since, in relation to the FIFC, it saved 13% of irrigation water with only 5% decrease in ETa. Furthermore, the 15% reduction in leaching, together with the 19% increase in soil OM mineralization optimized the trees N uptake. The study of three different N application rates for each irrigation scenario indicated that, to minimize residual storage, N should be applied according to plant needs, by using a real-time indicator based upon foliar analysis or the chlorophyll meter measurements.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "12. Responsible consumption"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.09.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.09.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.09.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.09.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.002", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2012-09-28", "title": "Yield And Water Use Efficiencies Of Maize And Cowpea As Affected By Tillage And Cropping Systems In Semi-Arid Eastern Kenya", "description": "Abstract   Soil water conservation through tillage is widely accepted as one of the ways of improving crop yields in rainfed agriculture. Field experiments were conducted between 2007 and 2009 to evaluate the effects of conservation tillage on the yields and crop water use efficiency of maize ( Zea mays  L.) and cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata  L.) in eastern Kenya. Experimental treatments were a combination of three tillage practices and four cropping systems. Tillage practices were tied-ridges, subsoiling-ripping and ox-ploughing. The cropping systems were single crop maize, single crop cowpea, intercropped maize\u2013cowpea and single crop maize with manure. The treatments were arranged in split plots with tillage practices as the main plots and cropping systems as the sub-plots in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The results showed that tied-ridge tillage had the greatest plant available water content while subsoiling-ripping tillage had the least in all seasons. Averaged across seasons and cropping season, tillage did not have a significant effects on maize grain yield but it did have a significant effect on crop grain and dry matter water use efficiency (WUE). Nevertheless, maize grain yields and WUE values were generally greater under tied-ridge tillage than under subsoiling-ripping and ox-plough tillages. The yields and WUE of cowpea under subsoiling-ripping tillage were less than those of ox-plough tillage. When averaged across the seasons and tillage systems, the cropping system with the manure treatment increased ( P \u00a0\u2264\u00a00.05) maize grain yield, grain WUE and dry matter WUE by 36%, 30%, 26% respectively, compared to treatments without manure. Maize and cowpea when intercropped under ox-plough and ripping tillage systems did not have any yield advantage over the single crop.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "Yield", "water use efficiency", "Soil water depletion", "Plant available water", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Rainfall distribution", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Kironchi, G, Esilaba, A O, Heng, L K, Gachene, C K K, Mwangi, D M, Miriti, J M,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.002"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.002", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.002", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.09.002"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2012-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.11.019", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2013-01-08", "title": "Effects Of Irrigation And Wide-Precision Planting On Water Use, Radiation Interception, And Grain Yield Of Winter Wheat In The North China Plain", "description": "Abstract   To develop a water-saving planting pattern in the North China Plain, in the 2010\u20132011 and 2011\u20132012 winter wheat growing seasons, 2 types of planting patterns (wide-precision planting and conventional-cultivation planting) and 3 different irrigation treatments (60.0-mm irrigation at both jointing and heading stages, 60.0-mm irrigation at only the jointing stage, and no irrigation at any time during the growing season) were conducted. These methods were used to study the effects of irrigation and wide-precision planting on water use, leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) capture ratio, dry matter accumulation, and grain yield of winter wheat. The results indicated that after 60.0\u00a0mm irrigation at the jointing and heading stages of winter wheat, the soil water content and the LAI from the wide-precision planting were higher than those from the conventional-cultivation planting late in the growing seasons. The PAR capture ratios at 40 and 60\u00a0cm above the ground in the wide-precision planting were higher than those in the conventional-cultivation planting. At the milking stage, the wide-precision planting with 60.0-mm irrigation at both the jointing and heading stages had significantly (LSD, P", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"], "contacts": [{"organization": "Li Quanqi, Zhao Dandan, Shen Jiayin, Lang Kun, Liu Quanru,", "roles": ["creator"]}]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.11.019"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.11.019", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2012.11.019", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2012.11.019"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2013-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.02.010", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-03-17", "title": "Effect Of Different Nitrogen And Irrigation Treatments On Yield And Nitrate Leaching Of Summer Maize (Zea Mays L.) Under Lysimeter Conditions", "description": "Abstract   We examined the effect of different irrigation and nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels on  Zea mays  L. (maize) on nitrate-nitrogen (NO3 \u2212 -N) leaching under lysimeter conditions. To do so, we used large lysimeters (2.5\u00a0m\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02.5\u00a0m\u00a0\u00d7\u00a02.0\u00a0m deep) at the Maize Technological Innovation Center (MTIC) of the northern China plain (NCP), which is located at Shandong Agriculture University (36\u00b009\u2032N, 117\u00b009\u2032E, 128\u00a0m above sea level) in Taian, China. Our study carried out during 3 cropping seasons (2010\u20132012) where the crop rotation was corn, grown in the summer, followed by wheat in the winter. Nitrogen leaching mainly occurs during maize growth season in maize\u2013wheat rotation system under natural condition. N management of winter wheat has no significant effect on total N of 0\u2013200\u00a0cm soil. So, this paper mainly aimed to investigate the summer maize N losses, to provide the data needed to develop best management practices to improve nitrogen use efficiency with the goal to better protect the ecological environment. Our experiment used two maize varieties (Zhongnong 99 [Z99] and Lainong 14 [L14]), two levels of irrigation (525 and 263\u00a0mm) during the maize growth period, two fertilizer types (urea and manure), and two N fertilization levels (100 and 200\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121 ), with two experimental replicates. We found that the maximum NO 3  \u2212 -N leaching of maize from the 200-cm soil layer was 77.22\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  for Z99 and 47.86\u00a0kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  for L14 (200-kg\u00a0N\u00a0ha \u22121  urea; 525\u00a0mm irrigation). The minimum and maximum seasonal average NO 3  \u2212 -N concentrations at a depth of 200\u00a0cm were 41 and 182\u00a0mg l \u22121 , respectively. Our findings suggest that it may be possible to reduce the amount of NO 3  \u2212 -N leaching from the root zone during the growing season by splitting the application of irrigation and fertilizer treatment according to maize growth stage requirements. With the appropriate combination of irrigation and fertilizer management, levels of NO 3  \u2212 -N leaching during agricultural practices may be minimized.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "land and farm management", "land and farm management not elsewhere classified", "Other agricultural", "veterinary and food sciences", "Agriculture", "Civil engineering", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.02.010"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.02.010", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.02.010", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.02.010"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2014-05-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.031", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2014-11-17", "title": "Nutrient removal effectiveness by riparian buffer zones in rural temperate watersheds: The impact of no-till crops practices", "description": "Abstract   Riparian buffer zones have the potential to capture chemical contaminants and to mitigate detrimental side-effects in aquatic ecosystems derived from excess fertilizers used in agro-food production. No-till farming systems are well known agricultural practices and are widely used in temperate areas. In that regard, different settings and widths of riparian buffer zones (12, 24, 36, 48 and 60\u00a0m) with woody vegetation, shrubs or grasses were assessed. The methodology was comprised of the evaluation of a large number of experimental sites and the sampling was conducted after the first rain period and respective fertilizer applications. The results point to the fact that effectiveness is largely controlled by buffer zone width and vegetation type. Indeed, buffer zones with 60\u00a0m width composed of woody soils were more effective in phosphorus (99.9%) and nitrogen (99.9%) removal when compared to shrub (66.4% and 83.9%, respectively) or grass vegetation (52.9% and 61.6%, respectively) areas. Woody vegetation has deep rooting systems and woody soils have a higher content of organic matter when compared to grass and shrubs areas.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "water contamination", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "nitrogen", "6. Clean water", "3. Good health", "nutrients", "no-till systems", "temperate climate zones", "13. Climate action", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "14. Life underwater", "phosphorous", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.031"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.031", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.031", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2014.10.031"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2015-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2015.11.014", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:58Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2015-12-07", "title": "Water Use And Productivity Of A Sorghum\u2013Cowpea\u2013Bottle Gourd Intercrop System", "description": "Abstract   Water is the main factor affecting crop production in sub-Saharan Africa. It was hypothesized that intercropping sorghum (S) with either cowpea (C) or bottle gourd (B) would result in better productivity and water use efficiency (WUE). This was evaluated using a split-plot design with sub-plots arranged in a randomised complete block manner within the main plot, replicated thrice. Water regimes [full irrigation (FI), deficit irrigation (DI) and rainfed (RF)] were allocated to the main plots. Sub-plots comprised intercrop combinations, SS (sole), C (sole), B (sole), SC (intercrop) and SB (intercrop). Data collected included soil water content (SWC), plant height (PH)/vine length, leaf number (LN), tillering (T)/branching, leaf area index (LAI), relative leaf water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (gs) and chlorophyll content index (CCI) as well as biomass accumulation and partitioning. Yield and yield components, water use (WU) and WUE for grain (WUEg) were calculated at harvest. Land equivalent ratio (LER) was used to evaluate productivity of the intercrop. Sorghum canopy size decreased (P", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.11.014"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2015.11.014", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2015.11.014", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.11.014"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2016-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.cretres.2018.06.008", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:25Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-11", "title": "Bone microanatomy of Pepesuchus deiseae (Mesoeucrocodylia, Peirosauridae) reveals a mature individual from the Upper Cretaceous\u00a0of Brazil", "description": "Abstract   Peirosauridae is placed within Notosuchia with members found in Cretaceous deposits of Africa and South America. These crocodyliforms were considered most terrestrial predators, according to their morphological features. Our data bring contributions to infer about peirosaurids habits from the bone histology and to inform the autoecology of the Pepesuchus deiseae (MN 7466-V). We prepared thin sections of the appendicular bones and an osteoderm from MN 7466-V. Both metacarpals show a broad cortex and a tiny marrow cavity, one has seven cyclical growth marks and Haversian bone in the endosteal region. The ulnare has a highly porous bone with several resorption cavities. The osteoderm is composed of parallel-fibred bone (PFB) forming the basal and external cortex and woven-fibred bone (WFB) constituting the internal core. The tibia shows the presence of external fundamental system (EFS) and the cortex presents WFB and PFB intercalated. The metacarpals exhibit osteosclerosis and the ulnare shows osteoporotic-like bone. In the metacarpals, the occurrence of bone mass increase would have implied rather life in shallow-water environments. The ulnare shows a reduction in bone mass, providing a better maneuverability between its joints with the carpal and ulna. The tibia was the only element indicating the specimen reached the somatic maturity by the presence of EFS. Therefore, this bone was used as a proxy to the maximum growth rate. Currently, the presence of WFB in advanced ontogenetic stage indicates a peculiar feature solely recorded in eusuchian long bones. The resorption cavities in the internal core of the osteoderm probably indicate bone resorption for calcium mobilization during the eggshell formation. In addition, the Haversian bone is an indication that metacarpal A belonged to mature individual, which had accomplished some ovogenetic cycles. In conclusion, our analyses suggest that MN 7466-V was an adult and mature female individual.", "keywords": ["[SDE] Environmental Sciences", "0106 biological sciences", "01 natural sciences", "0105 earth and related environmental sciences"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.06.008"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Cretaceous%20Research", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.cretres.2018.06.008", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.cretres.2018.06.008", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.06.008"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2017.03.022", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-03-27", "title": "Reflectance-based crop coefficients REDUX: For operational evapotranspiration estimates in the age of high producing hybrid varieties", "description": "Abstract   Methodologies based on earth observation remote sensing allow for a precise estimation of actual water requirements for irrigated crops across large areas. In spite of the many number of experiments using or analyzing the relationship between the basal crop coefficient (Kcb) and the soil adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) for maize, the development of new maize hybrid varieties with modifications related to canopy architecture suggest a possible change of the leaf area index (LAI) for maximum Kcb and its relationship with the SAVI or other vegetation indices. In addition, we noted a lack of analysis of these relationships for cultivated soybean. The objective of this paper is to analyze the Kcb, SAVI and LAI relationships in maize and soybean based on the non-linear relationships proposed by Choudhury et al. (1994). In addition, we propose a modification of the Choudhury et al. (1994) approach based on field-based experimental evidence of a minimum Kcb greater than 0. For sites with limited field data, we also analyze the utility of a simple linear regression based on the Kcb and SAVI values for bare soil and maximum Kcb values. The resulting Kcb-SAVI relationships are assimilated into a remote sensing based soil water balance model. The results of the model are analyzed in terms of irrigation requirements and crop evapotranspiration (ETa) for 11 growing seasons in two fields cultivated with irrigated and rain-fed maize and soybean in eastern Nebraska. Comparisons of measured and modelled ETa values indicate a good agreement, with RMSE lower than 0.7\u00a0mm\u00a0d\u22121 for weekly averaged values. The comparison of actual irrigation applied and irrigation requirements indicate the central pivot systems could not supply adequate water in some growing seasons with higher demands.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "7. Clean energy"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.03.022"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2017.03.022", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2017.03.022", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.03.022"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-06-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2017.08.007", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2017-08-10", "title": "Performance of the two-source energy budget (TSEB) model for the monitoring of evapotranspiration over irrigated annual crops in North Africa", "description": "Abstract   The main objective of this study was to evaluate the performance and the domain of validity of the two-source energy balance model (TSEB) for the monitoring of actual evapotranspiration ( ET a  ) as a first step towards its use for irrigation planning. Secondary objectives were to analyze the ability of TSEB model to detect water stress and to evaluate evapotranspiration partition between evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) over irrigated annual crops. Within this context, TSEB was compared to the calibrated FAO-56 dual approach, taken as a reference tool for the monitoring of crop water consumption. TSEB computes  ET a   as the residual of a double component energy balance driven by the radiative surface temperature ( T s  ) used as a proxy of crop hydric conditions; the FAO-56 dual crop coefficient approach uses the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) as a proxy of Basal Crop Coefficient ( K cb  ) and assesses the hydric status directly by solving a two layer soil water budget. Both approaches were evaluated over four plots of wheat and sugar beet located in the Haouz plain (Marrakech, Morocco) that were instrumented with eddy covariance systems during the 2012 and 2013 growing seasons. Series of ASTER images were acquired during the first agricultural season. Both models offered fair performances compared to  ET a   observations with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) lower than 1\u00a0mm\u00a0day \u22121  apart from the FAO-56 dual approach on the sugar beet plot because of uncertain irrigation inputs. This highlights a major weakness of this model when water inputs are uncertain; a very likely case at the plot scale. By contrast, the TSEB model offered smoother performances in all cases. The potentialities of both approaches to predict a water stress index based on the departure from potential evapotranspiration ( ET  c ) was evaluated: although the FAO-56 dual was better suited to detect high water stresses, the TSEB model was able to detect moderate stresses without a need to prescribe water inputs. Finally, the partition of  ET a   between soil evaporation and plant transpiration was estimated indirectly by confrontation between simulated soil evaporation and surface (0\u20135\u00a0cm) soil moisture acquired spatially with Theta Probe sensors and taken as a proxy of soil evaporation. TSEB evaporation was well correlated to surface soil moisture (r\u00a0=\u00a00.82) for low Leaf Area Index (LAI) values ( 2 \u00a0m \u22122 ). In addition, TSEB predicted partition compared well to snapshot measurements based on the stable isotope method. This in-depth comparison of two simple tools to monitor  ET a   leads us to the conclusion that the TSEB model can reasonably be used to map  ET a   on large scale and possibly for the decision-making process of irrigation scheduling.", "keywords": ["FAO-56", "2. Zero hunger", "550", "Evapotranspiration", "NDVI", "Water stress", "0207 environmental engineering", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water", "Surface temperature", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "TSEB"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.08.007"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2017.08.007", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2017.08.007", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2017.08.007"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2017-11-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2018.05.020", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Closed Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2018-07-18", "title": "Azolla (Azalla Filiculoides) Compost Improves Grain Yield Of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Under Different Irrigation Regimes", "description": "Abstract   The effect of azolla (Azolla filiculoides) compost application on the mitigation of the effect of water deficit stress on rice (Oryza sativa L.; cv. Hashemi) growth and yield was studied for two growing seasons. Azolla compost was applied in the soil at the rates: 0% (control), 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% of soil weight (w/w) and the effect on rice growth and grain yield was studied under i) continuous flooding (CF), ii) intermittent irrigation and withdrawal at flowering until soil moisture reached field capacity (IWF-100FC), and iii) intermittent irrigation and withdrawal at flowering until soil moisture reached 80% of the field capacity (IWF-80FC). The application of azolla compost at 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5% of soil weight (w/w) resulted in a higher tiller number by 16.0, 37.8, and 38.9%, respectively, in the first year and by 18.5, 27.8, and 30.2%, respectively, in the second year, compared with the non-amended control. Moreover, the application of azolla compost at 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5% of soil weight (w/w) resulted in higher spike weight by an average (over irrigation regimes) of 8.6, 20.8, and 21.1%, respectively, in the first year and 34.7, 50.4, and 52.5%, respectively, in the second year, compared with the non-amended control. The application of azolla compost at 5.0% of soil weight provided the highest grain yield, which was on average 13.8% higher than that of the non-amended control. The increase of grain yield might be due to efficient absorption of nitrogen and possibly of other nutrients with azolla, which promoted production and translocation of assimilates from source to sink. Overall, azolla compost can be regarded as a desirable managerial practice in rice production, particularly under water deficit conditions. Considering the agronomic benefits and water saving, azolla compost could contribute to the development of low-input cropping systems for rice production.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.05.020"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2018.05.020", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2018.05.020", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2018.05.020"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2018-10-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105722", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2019-08-08", "title": "Tomato landraces as a source to minimize yield losses and improve fruit quality under water deficit conditions", "description": "Abstract   The predicted climate change conditions are forcing crop improvement researchers to find drought tolerant genotypes. The aim of this experiment was to screen a large tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) collection cultivated under well-watered and water deficit conditions, in order to identify those genotypes with the best performance under water shortage. Thus, 165 tomato genotypes including different cultivars (landraces and modern genotypes) and fruit types (processing, big size, long shelf-life and cherry) were grown in open field under two different cultivation regimes: well-watered (WW, covering 100% crop evapotranspiration demands) and water deficit (WD, irrigation stopped one month after field transplantation). Several leaf-level traits, yield and fruit quality were measured. Large variability was found under WW, with 20-fold variations in yield among genotypes. No differences in yield or fruit quality traits were found between modern genotypes and landraces, while differences in these parameters were observed based on the fruit type. Water deficit affected the observed variability, with a general decrease of yield and increases of fruit quality. Cluster analysis based on fruit traits placed several landraces in the same cluster that the most productive modern genotypes, irrespective of the water treatment. Variable responses to WD were observed, depending on the fruit or cultivar type. Carbon isotope composition was positively correlated with leaf nitrogen content, and determined the yield limit under both treatments. The results of this study highlight the potential of landraces for minimizing yield reduction under WD and increasing fruit quality, having similar or even better performance as compared to modern improved genotypes.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "0301 basic medicine", "Drought stress", "Fruit quality", "15. Life on land", "Carbon isotope fractionation", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "03 medical and health sciences", "13. Climate action", "Mediterranean climate", "Tomato landraces", "Water shortage"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105722"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105722", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105722", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105722"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2019-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106207", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-05-08", "title": "Dynamic Management Zones for Irrigation Scheduling", "description": "Open AccessIrrigation scheduling decision-support tools can improve water use efficiency by matching irrigation recommendations to prevailing soil and crop conditions within a season. Yet, little research is available on how to support real-time precision irrigation that varies within-season in both time and space. We investigate the integration of remotely sensed NDVI time-series, soil moisture sensor measurements, and root zone simulation forecasts for in-season delineation of dynamic management zones (MZ) and for a variable rate irrigation scheduling in order to improve irrigation scheduling and crop performance. Delineation of MZ was conducted in a 5.8-ha maize field during 2018 using Sentinel-2 NDVI time-series and an unsupervised classification. The number and spatial extent of MZs changed through the growing season. A network of soil moisture sensors was used to interpret spatiotemporal changes of the NDVI. Soil water content was a significant contributor to changes in crop vigor across MZs through the growing season. Real-time cluster validity function analysis provided in-season evaluation of the MZ design. For example, the total within-MZ daily soil moisture relative variance decreased from 85% (early vegetative stages) to below 25% (late reproductive stages). Finally, using the Hydrus-1D model, a workflow for in-season optimization of irrigation scheduling and water delivery management was tested. Data simulations indicated that crop transpiration could be optimized while reducing water applications between 11 and 28.5% across the dynamic MZs. The proposed integration of spatiotemporal crop and soil moisture data can be used to support management decisions to effectively control outputs of crop \u00d7 environment \u00d7 management interactions.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Irrigation -- Management -- Mathematical models", "Precision agriculture", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidr\u00e0ulica", "Hydrus-1D", "Temporal variability", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "Remote sensing", "15. Life on land", "Spatial variability", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "631", "\u00c0rees tem\u00e0tiques de la UPC::Enginyeria civil::Enginyeria hidr\u00e0ulica", " mar\u00edtima i sanit\u00e0ria::Canals i regadius", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Soil moisture", "Regatge -- Optimitzaci\u00f3 matem\u00e0tica", "mar\u00edtima i sanit\u00e0ria::Canals i regadius"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106207"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106207", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106207", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106207"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2020-08-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106565", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2020-10-14", "title": "Drought priming improved water status, photosynthesis and water productivity of cowpea during post-anthesis drought stress", "description": "Drought occurring at the reproductive stage is the most critical phase affecting cowpea production. It remains<br> unclear whether drought priming at the early growth stage can be employed to alleviate drought stress during<br> the post-anthesis drought period and improve water productivity (WP) in cowpea. Therefore, the physiological<br> responses and WP as affected by drought priming were investigated. Two cowpea varieties (tolerant (V1) and<br> sensitive (V2) to drought stress) were submitted to drought priming followed by water recovery and then subjected to subsequent drought stresses (80%, 60% and 40% of soil water holding capacity (SWHC)). The results showed that cowpea pre-exposed to drought priming acquired a stress imprint that alleviated the subsequent drought stress which occurred during the later growth stage as exemplified by the improvement of water status, photosynthesis, water productivity of biomass (WPb) and yield (WPy) as well as the modulation of plant hormones. Under the drought stress during the post-anthesis period, primed plants maintained lower [ABA]leaf and higher [IAA]leaf than plants without priming due to better plant water status for drought-primed plants. The results revealed that drought priming could modulate against [ABA]leaf increase under drought, as elevated [ABA]leaf was the main reason for stomatal limitation, thereby decreasing photosynthesis and leading to great yield loss. Primed plants consumed 32% and 24% less water for V1 and V2, respectively, which significantly increased WP while decreased intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) of drought-primed plants. It is suggested that drought priming during the early growth period can be used as a promising strategy to save water use for irrigation while improving WP of crops in the regions where water is scarce.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Water stress", "Water use efficiency", "Plant hormone", "15. Life on land", "Irrigation", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water", "Stomata conductance"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106565"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106565", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106565", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2020.106565"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106774", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"license": "Open Access", "updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-02-05", "title": "Numerically scheduling plant water deficit index-based smart irrigation to optimize crop yield and water use efficiency", "description": "Open AccessThis research was supported partly by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0200303, 2017YFE0118100), National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1706211, 51790532), Special Fund for Scientific Research in the Public Interest (201411009), and the European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Project SHui, grant agreement No 773903.", "keywords": ["0106 biological sciences", "2. Zero hunger", "Crop growth", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "Soil water transport", "01 natural sciences", "Irrigation scheduling", "Decision support system", "Regulated deficit irrigation", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106774"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106774", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106774", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106774"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-04-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107168", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:15:59Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-09-15", "title": "Alternate partial root-zone N-fertigation increases water use efficiency and N uptake of barley at elevated CO2", "description": "Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) increases water use efficiency (WUE) while reducing nitrogen (N) concentration of crops particularly under drought conditions; yet the combined effects of e[CO2] and different N-fertigation regimes on WUE and crop N nutrition remain largely elusive. In this experiment, the growth and physiological responses of two barley genotypes, wild type barley Steptoe (WT) and its correspondent ABA-deficient mutant barley Az34, to three N-fertigation regimes at ambient CO2 (a[CO2]) (400 ppm) and e [CO2] (800 ppm) were investigated. From tillering to grain filling stage, the plants were subjected to three Nfertigation regimes: 1) N-fertigation at full irrigation volume (FIN); 2) N-fertigation at reduced irrigation volume (DIN); 3) alternate N-fertigation at reduced irrigation volume (PRDN). Although e[CO2] had little effect on gs, Tr and plant water use of WT, especially under DIN and PRDN, it increased An, resulting in an increased WUE at stomatal, leaf and whole plant levels. For Az34, the positive effect of e[CO2] on WUE was attributed to both significantly enhanced An and lowered gs and Tr. For both genotypes, e[CO2] increased 100-grain weight and shoot dry biomass but didn\u2019t affect grain yield and WUE for grain production (WUEg). PRDN increased grain yield, HI and WUEg of both genotypes regardless of [CO2], compared to FIN. DIN and PRDN increased N uptake of both genotypes at e[CO2] compared to FIN. Compared to a[CO2], e[CO2] increased 15N uptake and 15N recovery rate of both genotypes by enhancing plant biomass. In addition, both genotypes grown under DIN and PRDN allocated more N to the grain compared to the FIN plants. Collectively, N-fertigation at reduced irrigation volume promoted N allocation to the grain and increased WUE, particularly under e[CO2]. Such information is conductive for optimizing WUE and N nutrition of crops in a future water-limited and CO2-enriched environment", "keywords": ["N nutrition", "2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "N-fertigation", "Water use efficiency", "0401 agriculture", " forestry", " and fisheries", "Elevated CO2", "Growth", "04 agricultural and veterinary sciences", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "6. Clean water"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107168"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107168", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107168", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107168"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2021-12-01T00:00:00Z"}}, {"id": "10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107290", "type": "Feature", "geometry": null, "properties": {"updated": "2026-04-03T16:16:00Z", "type": "Journal Article", "created": "2021-11-22", "title": "Assimilation of SMAP disaggregated soil moisture and Landsat land surface temperature to improve FAO-56 estimates of ET in semi-arid regions", "description": "Accurate estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) is of crucial importance in water science and hydrological process understanding especially in semi-arid/arid areas since ET represents more than 85% of the total water budget. FAO-56 is one of the widely used formulations to estimate the actual crop evapotranspiration (ET c act) due to its operational nature and since it represents a reasonable compromise between simplicity and accuracy. In this vein, the objective of this paper was to examine the possibility of improving ET c act estimates through remote sensing data assimilation. For this purpose, remotely sensed soil moisture (SM) and Land surface temperature (LST) data were simultaneously assimilated into FAO-dualK c. Surface SM observations were assimilated into the soil evaporation (E s) component through the soil evaporation coefficient, and LST data were assimilated into the actual crop transpiration (T c act) component through the crop stress coefficient. The LST data were used to estimate the water stress coefficient (K s) as a proxy of LST (LST proxy). The FAO-Ks was corrected by assimilating LST proxy derived from Landsat data based on the variances of predicted errors on K s estimates from FAO-56 model and thermal-derived K s. The proposed approach was tested over a semi-arid area in Morocco using first, in situ data collected during 2002-2003 and 2015-2016 wheat growth seasons over two different fields and then, remotely sensed data derived from disaggregated Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) SM and Landsat-LST sensors were used. Assimilating SM data leads to an improvement of the ET c act model prediction: the root mean square error (RMSE) decreased from 0.98 to 0.65 mm/day compared to the classical FAO-dualK c using in situ SM. Moreover, assimilating both in situ SM and LST data provided more accurate results with a RMSE error of 0.55 mm/day. By using SMAP-based SM and Landsat-LST, results also improved in comparison with standard FAO and reached a RMSE of 0.73 mm/day against eddy-covariance ET c act measurements.", "keywords": ["2. Zero hunger", "0106 biological sciences", "Evapotranspiration", "550", "Evapotranspiration Data assimilation FAO-dualK c Soil moisture Land surface temperature", "0207 environmental engineering", "02 engineering and technology", "15. Life on land", "01 natural sciences", "[SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", " environment", "6. Clean water", "FAO-dualK(c)", "13. Climate action", "Data assimilation", "[SDU.STU.HY] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "Soil moisture", "[SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology", "[SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces", "environment", "Land surface temperature"]}, "links": [{"href": "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107290"}, {"rel": "related", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/Agricultural%20Water%20Management", "name": "related record", "description": "related record", "type": "application/json"}, {"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107290", "name": "item", "description": "10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107290", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107290"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection", "name": "collection", "description": "Collection", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main"}], "time": {"date": "2022-02-01T00:00:00Z"}}], "links": [{"rel": "self", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "This document as GeoJSON", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Science&offset=2850&f=json", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "alternate", "type": "text/html", "title": "This document as HTML", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Science&offset=2850&f=html", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "collection", "type": "application/json", "title": "Collection URL", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"type": "application/geo+json", "rel": "prev", "title": "items (prev)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Science&offset=2800", "hreflang": "en-US"}, {"rel": "next", "type": "application/geo+json", "title": "items (next)", "href": "https://repository.soilwise-he.eu/cat/collections/metadata:main/items?keywords=Science&offset=2900", "hreflang": "en-US"}], "numberMatched": 15794, "numberReturned": 50, "distributedFeatures": [], "timeStamp": "2026-04-04T08:16:29.400036Z"}